3. Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, 40,000 of which have been designated as Series A Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 5,000,000 of which have been designated as Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). No shares of the Company’s Series A Participating Preferred Stock were outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. During 2017, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) authorized the issuance of up to 5,000,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock, 3,000,000 of which were outstanding as of December 31, 2017.

The Board may from time to time, without further action by the Company’s stockholders, direct the issuance of shares of preferred stock in other series and may, at the time of issuance, determine the rights, preferences and limitations of each series, including voting rights, dividend rights and redemption and liquidation preferences. Satisfaction of any dividend preferences of outstanding shares of preferred stock would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of dividends on shares of the Company’s common stock. Holders of shares of preferred stock may be entitled to receive a preference payment in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company before any payment is made to the holders of shares of the Company’s common stock. Upon the affirmative vote of the Board, without stockholder approval, the Company may issue shares of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the holders of shares of its common stock.

Private Placement of Series B Preferred Stock

On December 20, 2017, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with each of 21 April Fund, Ltd. and 21 April Fund, LP (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company, in a private placement, agreed to issue and sell to the Purchasers an aggregate of up to 5,000,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (collectively referred to as the “Shares”). The Purchasers agreed to purchase an aggregate of 3,000,000 Shares at a price of $4.00 per share in cash at the initial closing of the transaction, and at the sole option of the Company, an additional 2,000,000 Shares at a price of $4.00 per share in cash at a second closing, if any (the “Private Placement”). The total purchase price payable to the Company is $20,000,000, of which $12,000,000 was paid at the initial closing and $8,000,000 will be paid, if at all, at the second closing. The Company is required to use the proceeds from the issuance of the Shares to pay off existing debt obligations and to fund future acquisitions of technology, business and other assets.

Each Share shall be convertible into the Company’s common stock (i) following the sixth (6th) anniversary of the initial closing of the Private Placement or (ii) if earlier, during the thirty (30) day period following the last trading day of any period of three (3) or more consecutive trading days that the closing market price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $10.00. Each Share is convertible at the option of the holder of shares of Series B Preferred Stock into such number of shares of the Company’s common stock determined by taking the accreted value of such Share (purchase price plus accrued but unpaid dividends) and dividing such value by the stated value of such Share ($4.00 per share, subject to adjustment for dilutive issuances, stock splits, stock dividends and the like); provided, however, that the Company shall not convert any Shares if doing so would cause the holder thereof, along with its affiliates, to beneficially own in excess of 19.9% of the outstanding common stock immediately after giving effect to the applicable conversion (the “Ownership Limitation”), unless waiver of this restriction has been effected by the holder requesting conversion of Shares.

Based on the current conversion price, the outstanding shares of the Series B Preferred Stock as of December 31, 2017 would be convertible into 3.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock. However, the conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in the event of certain instances, such as if the Company issues shares of its common stock at a price less than $4.00 per common share, subject to a minimum conversion price of $3.27 per share. As of December 31, 2017, none of the contingent conditions to adjust the total common shares to convert the Shares had been met.

Each Share is entitled to an annual dividend of 5% for the first six (6) years following the issuance of such Share and 3% for each year thereafter, with the Company retaining the option to settle each year’s dividend after the tenth (10^th) year in cash. The dividends accrue and are payable in kind upon such time as the Shares convert into the Company’s common stock. In general, the Shares are not entitled to vote except in certain limited cases, including in change of control transactions where the expected price per share distributable to the Company’s stockholders is expected to be less than $4.00 per share. The Certificate of Designation with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock further provides that in the event of, among other things, any change of control, liquidation or dissolution of the Company, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis with the holders of the common stock, the same amount and form of consideration that the holders of the Company’s common stock receive (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis and without regard to the Ownership Limitation).

Sale of Common Stock

In May 2017, the Company sold an aggregate of 2,845,360 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $4.85 per share in an underwritten public offering. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $12.6 million from the sale of the common stock in the public offering, after deducting the underwriting discount and other offering related expenses of $1.2 million.

Common Stock Warrants

On August 13, 2014, in connection with the Company’s entry into a consulting agreement, the Company issued a consultant a warrant to purchase up to 85,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a per share exercise price of $10.70 (the “2014 Consultant Warrant”). One fourth of the shares under the warrant are exercisable for cash three months from the date the 2014 Consultant Warrant was issued and quarterly thereafter. The 2014 Consultant Warrant expires on August 13, 2019. In the event of an acquisition of the Company, the 2014 Consultant Warrant shall terminate and no longer be exercisable as of the closing of the acquisition. As of December 31, 2017, none of the shares under the 2014 Consultant Warrant had been exercised.

On February 8, 2017, the Company entered into Loan and Security Agreements with each of East West Bank ("EWB") and Venture Lending & Leasing VII, Inc. and Venture Lending & Leasing VIII, Inc. (collectively referred to as “VLL7 and VLL8”) as discussed in Note 7, Financial Liabilities. The Loan and Security Agreement with EWB provides for a $10.0 million revolving loan facility (the “Revolving Loan Facility”), and the Loan Security Agreement with VLL7 and VLL8 provides for a term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $10.0 million (the “Term Loan Facility”). In connection with the Company's Revolving Loan Facility, the Company issued to EWB a warrant (the "EWB Warrant") to purchase up to 40,000 shares of the Company's common stock at a per share exercise price of $3.64, and in connection with the Company’s Term Loan Facility, issued to each of VLL7 and VLL8 a warrant to purchase 290,000 shares of the Company's common stock at a per share exercise price of $2.00 (the “VLL7 Warrant” and the “VLL8 Warrant,” respectively). The Company calculated the fair value of the EWB Warrant, the VLL7 Warrant and the VLL8 Warrant using the Black-Scholes pricing model using the following assumptions: estimated volatility of 78.8%, risk-free interest rate of 1.94%, no dividend yield, and an expected life of five years. The fair values of the EWB Warrant, the VLL7 Warrant and the VLL8 Warrant of $125,000, $1,037,500 and $1,037,500, respectively, were classified as equity as the settlement of the warrants will be in shares and is within the control of the Company. Each of the EWB Warrant, the VLL7 Warrant and the VLL8 Warrant is immediately exercisable for cash or by net exercise and will expire five years after its issuance, or on February 8, 2022. In connection with entering into the Loan and Security Agreements with EWB and VLL7 and VLL8, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 400,000 shares of common stock issued to the Company’s previous lender were cancelled.

In connection with securing of the new credit facilities and cancelling of all the warrants previously issued to the previous lender, the Company issued a warrant to a consultant to purchase 60,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $4.60 per share (the “2017 Consultant Warrant”). The Company calculated the fair value of the 2017 Consultant Warrant using the Black Scholes pricing model using the following assumptions: estimated volatility of 78.8%, risk-free interest rate of 1.22%, no dividend yield, and an expected life of two years. The fair value of the 2017 Consultant Warrant of $119,000 was classified as equity as the settlement of the warrant will be in shares and is within the control of the Company. The 2017 Consultant Warrant is immediately exercisable for cash or by net exercise and will expire two years after its issuance, or on February 8, 2019.

On August 14, 2013, in a private placement, the Company issued 834,847 shares of its common stock at a price of $8.50 per share and warrants to purchase an additional 834,847 shares of its common stock with an exercise price of $10.00 per share (the “2013 Private Placement Warrants”) to accredited and other qualified investors (the “Investors”). The 2013 Private Placement Warrants had a term of four years and were exercisable beginning six months following the date of issuance. In addition, the placement agent was issued warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share as compensation. Subsequent to issuance, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 747,969 shares were exercised. The number of shares issuable upon exercise of the 2013 Private Placement Warrants was subject to adjustment for any stock dividends, stock splits or distributions by the Company, or upon any merger or consolidation or sale of assets of the Company, tender or exchange offer for the Company’s common stock, or a reclassification of the Company’s common stock. On August 14, 2017, the warrant to purchase the remaining 186,878 warrants expired unexercised.

Below is a summary of outstanding warrants issued by the Company as of December 31, 2017:

Warrant Type

Number of Shares

Issuable Upon

Exercise

Weighted

Average Exercise

Price

Issue Date

Expiration Date

2014 Consultant Warrant

85,000

10.70

August 13, 2014

August 13, 2019

East West Bank Warrant

40,000

3.64

February 8, 2017

February 8, 2022

VLL7 and VLL8 Warrants

580,000

2.00

February 8, 2017

February 8, 2022

2017 Consultant Warrant

60,000

4.60

February 8, 2017

February 8, 2019

Total

765,000

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The Company has stock-based compensation plans to attract, motivate, retain and reward employees, directors and consultants by providing its Board or a committee of the Board the discretion to award equity incentives to these persons. The Company’s stock-based compensation plans consist of the 2007 Stock Option Plan (the “2007 Plan”) and the 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2011 Plan”), as amended. Shares are no longer available for issuance under the Company’s 2010 Bonus and Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”).

Stock Bonus and Incentive Plans

On June 6, 2011, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2011 Plan, which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board. The 2011 Plan provides that stock options, stock units, restricted shares, and stock appreciation rights may be granted to executive officers, directors, consultants, and other key employees. The Company reserved 400,000 shares of common stock under the 2011 Plan, plus 459,956 shares of common stock that remained available for delivery under the 2007 Plan and the 2010 Plan as of June 6, 2011. In aggregate, as of June 6, 2011, 859,956 shares were available for future grants under the 2011 Plan, including shares rolled over from 2007 Plan and 2010 Plan. Subsequent to June 6, 2011 through December 31, 2015, the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2011 Plan had been increased by 1.0 million shares. On May 12, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2011 Plan to, among other things, increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance by 2.0 million shares and extend the term of the 2011 Plan.

Stock Options

A summary of activity for the Company’s stock options for the year ended December 31, 2017 follows:

	Number Outstanding			Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Average Intrinsic Value
Balance at December 31, 2016		832,941		$	7.11			$	—
Granted		—			—
Cancelled or Expired		(160,500	)		10.58
Exercised		—			—
Balance at December 31, 2017		672,441		$	6.28		7.48	$	—
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2017		661,204		$	6.31		7.46	$	—
Exercisable at December 31, 2017		467,003		$	6.99		7.11	$	—

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2017:

	Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Number Outstanding		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number Exercisable		Weighted Average Exercise Price
$4.36 - $7.20		479,810		8.22	$	4.48		285,359	$	4.57
$7.50 - $11.30		162,394		5.95		9.27		151,407		9.23
$12.00 - $19.70		17,396		4.50		13.66		17,396		13.66
$21.70 - $29.20		12,841		3.28		25.35		12,841		25.35
$4.36 - $29.20		672,441						467,003

No stock options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2017. The weighted-average grant date fair value per option for stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $4.36. No stock options were exercised during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The fair value of stock option grants was estimated using the Black Scholes pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for the year ended December 31, 2016:

	2017	2016
Risk-free interest rate	N/A		1.25%
Expected volatility	N/A		78.4%
Expected term in years	N/A		4.77
Dividend yield	N/A		0.0%

At December 31, 2017, there was $0.6 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures related to unvested stock options, that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

The following is a summary of restricted stock and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) activity for the year ended December 31, 2017:

	Number Outstanding			Weighted Average Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2016		1,973,459		$	2.80
Granted		399,551			4.64
Vested		(702,048	)		3.19
Forfeited		(210,918	)		3.01
Balance at December 31, 2017		1,460,044		$	3.08
Shares vested but not released		312,222			2.64

The fair value of the Company’s restricted stock awards and RSUs is calculated based upon the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. As of December 31, 2017, there was $2.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs granted, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.7 years. As of December 31, 2017, an aggregate of 1,460,044 RSUs were outstanding under the 2011 Plan.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table illustrates all stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and RSUs included in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2016
Cost of revenue	$	82	$	76
Research and development		480		352
Selling and marketing		651		632
General and administrative		1,267		1,782
Total	$	2,480	$	2,842

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance as of December 31, 2017 was as follows:

Exercise of outstanding stock options, vesting of RSUs, and issuance of RSUs vested but not released			2,444,707
ESPP			293,888
Shares of common stock available for grant under the 2011 Plan			473,624
Noncontrolling interest in Bluehill ID AG			10,355
Warrants to purchase common stock			765,000
Shares of common stock issuable on conversion of Series B Preferred Stock			5,000,000
Total			8,987,574

Net Loss per Common Share Attributable to Identiv Stockholders’ Equity

Basic and diluted net loss per share is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The following common stock equivalents have been excluded from diluted net loss per share for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:

	December 31,
	2017		2016
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding RSUs		1,460,044		1,973,459
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding options		672,441		832,941
Shares of common stock subject to outstanding warrants		765,000		671,878
Shares of common stock reserved to acquire remaining share of noncontrolling interest		10,355		10,355
Shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series B Preferred Stock		3,000,000		—
Total		5,907,840		3,488,633

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2017 and 2016 consists of foreign currency translation adjustments of $2.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock Unit Net Share Settlements

During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company repurchased 178,207 and 109,192 shares, respectively of common stock surrendered to the Company to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of RSUs issued to employees.