

	Federal		State			Total
2019
Current	$	—	$	3		$	3
Deferred	15,582		2,086			17,668
Total	$	15,582	$	2,089		$	17,671
2018
Current	$	—	$	3		$	3
Deferred	15,995		(126		)	15,869
Total	$	15,995	$	(123	)	$	15,872
2017
Current	$	—	$	3		$	3
Deferred	35,881		943			36,824
Total income tax	$	35,881	$	946		$	36,827

The Company's 2019, 2018 and 2017 qualified tax repairs and maintenance deductions totaled $70.0 million, $102.0 million, and $85.9 million, respectively.

The total federal NOL carry-forward was $57.3 million and the state of California NOL carry-forward was $95.2 million as of December 31, 2019. Management has concluded that the NOL carry-forward amounts are more likely than not to be recovered and therefore require no valuation allowance. The loss and credit carry-forward will begin to expire in 2027.

As of December 31, 2019, the California Enterprise Zone (EZ) credit was $4.2 million net of federal tax benefit for qualified property purchased before January 1, 2015, and placed in service before January 1, 2016. The Company has carry-forward California EZ credits of $2.2 million net of any unrecognized tax benefit. Unused State of California EZ credits can carry-forward until 2024.



	2019			2018			2017
Statutory income tax	$	16,965		$	17,105		$	38,419
Increase (reduction) in taxes due to:
State income taxes net of federal tax benefit	5,639			5,685			6,017
Effect of regulatory treatment of fixed asset differences	(3,696		)	(5,954		)	(4,584		)
Investment tax credits	(74		)	(74		)	(74		)
AFUDC equity	(1,870		)	(1,106		)	(1,528		)
Share base stock compensation	302			(278		)	(581		)
Other	405			494			(842		)
Total income tax	$	17,671		$	15,872		$	36,827

The effect of regulatory treatment of fixed asset differences includes estimated repair and maintenance deductions and asset related flow through items.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted expansive tax legislation commonly referred to as the TCJA. Among other provisions, the TCJA reduces the federal income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent beginning on January 1, 2018 and eliminated bonus depreciation for utilities. The TCJA required the Company to re-measure all existing deferred income tax assets and liabilities to reflect the reduction in the federal tax rate. The Company adjusted and recorded the impacts of the TCJA in accordance with rules issued by the SEC in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, for the re-measurement of deferred tax balances as of December 31, 2017.

A TCJA refund of $108.0 million was recorded as a provisional estimate on December 31, 2017. During the year of 2019, the Company further analyzed its deferred tax balances, tax regulatory asset and tax regulatory liability. As a result, the TCJA refund was $121.0 million, with gross up $47.0 million, total regulatory liabilities for TCJA was $168.0 million as of December 31, 2019. The Company continued working with state regulators to finalize the ratepayer net refund of $121.0 million to ensure compliance with federal normalization rules. Changes in interpretations, guidance on legislative intent, and any changes in accounting standards for income taxes in response to the TCJA could impact the recorded amounts.



	2019		2018
Deferred tax assets:
Developer deposits for extension agreements and contributions in aid of construction	$	25,114	$	39,074
Net operating loss carryforward and tax credits	11,029		8,257
Pension liability	10,095		8,725
Income tax regulatory liability	47,196		44,072
Operating leases liabilities	4,024		—
Other	2,975		4,273
Total deferred tax assets	100,433		104,401
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property related basis and depreciation differences	297,470		288,544
WRAM/MCBA and interim rates balancing accounts	17,771		26,348
Operating lease-right to use asset	4,030		—
Other	3,752		2,542
Total deferred tax liabilities	323,023		317,434
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	222,590	$	213,033

The developer deposits for extension agreements and contributions in aid of construction (CIAC) decreased as compared to 2018 due to the method change in extension agreement tax treatment. For extension agreements, all developer deposits for service are taxable prior to 2019 for both federal and CA income tax purposes. The Company filed a method change with the IRS and received approval in 2019 to treat the extension agreement receipt from developer as a loan effective January 1, 2019. The state of California conformed with the IRS method change. For CIAC, all receipts from developers are taxable after TCJA for federal tax purpose. Only receipts for services are taxable for the state of California.

A valuation allowance was not required at December 31, 2019 and 2018. Based on historical taxable income and future taxable income projections over the period in which the deferred assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of the deductible differences.



	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Balance at beginning of year	$	9,716	$	11,058		$	10,499
Additions for tax positions taken during current year	1,292		1,787			559
Reduction to prior year tax position	—		(3,129		)	—
Balance at end of year	$	11,008	$	9,716		$	11,058

The Company does not expect a material change in its unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. The component of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate as of December 31, 2019, was $3.1 million, with the remaining balance representing the potential deferral of taxes to later years.