We are exposed to market risks primarily related to the volatility in the price of commodities, foreign currency exchange rates, and the price of credits needed to comply with the Renewable and Low-Carbon Fuel Programs. We enter into derivative instruments to manage some of these risks, including derivative instruments related to the various commodities we purchase or produce, and foreign currency exchange and purchase contracts, as described below under “Risk Management Activities by Type of Risk.” These derivative instruments are recorded as either assets or liabilities measured at their fair values (see Note 11), as summarized below under “Fair Values of Derivative Instruments.” The effect of these derivative instruments on our income and other comprehensive loss is summarized below under “Effect of Derivative Instruments on Income and Other Comprehensive Loss.”

We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility in the price of feedstocks (primarily crude oil, waste and renewable feedstocks, and corn), the products we produce, and natural gas used in our operations. To reduce the impact of price volatility on our results of operations and cash flows, we use commodity derivative instruments, such as futures and options. Our positions in commodity derivative instruments are monitored and managed on a daily basis by our risk control group to ensure compliance with our stated risk management policy that has been approved by our Board.

•Cash flow hedges – The objective of our cash flow hedges is to lock in the price of forecasted purchases and/or product sales at existing market prices that we deem favorable.

•Economic hedges – Our objectives for holding economic hedges are to (i) manage price volatility in certain feedstock and product inventories and (ii) lock in the price of forecasted purchases and/or product sales at existing market prices that we deem favorable.

As of September 30, 2023, we had the following outstanding commodity derivative instruments that were used as cash flow hedges and economic hedges, as well as commodity derivative instruments related to the physical purchase of corn at a fixed price. The information presents the notional volume of outstanding contracts by type of instrument and year of maturity (volumes in thousands of barrels, except corn contracts that are presented in thousands of bushels).


	Notional Contract Volumes by Year of Maturity
	2023	2024
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Refined petroleum products:
Futures – long	915	200
Futures – short	6,765	2,362



Derivatives designated as economic hedges:
Crude oil and refined petroleum products:


Futures – long	81,133	4,214
Futures – short	87,324	5,260







Corn:
Futures – long	66,695	90
Futures – short	82,415	3,290
Physical contracts – long	14,533	3,193

We are exposed to exchange rate fluctuations on transactions related to our foreign operations that are denominated in currencies other than the local (functional) currencies of our operations. To manage our exposure to these exchange rate fluctuations, we often use foreign currency contracts. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes and therefore are classified as economic hedges. As of September 30, 2023, we had foreign currency contracts to purchase $630 million of U.S. dollars. All of these commitments matured on or before October 25, 2023.

We are exposed to market risk related to the volatility in the price of credits needed to comply with the Renewable and Low-Carbon Fuel Programs. To manage this risk, we enter into contracts to purchase these credits. Some of these contracts are derivative instruments; however, we elect the normal purchase exception and do not record these contracts at their fair values. The Renewable and Low-Carbon Fuel Programs require us to blend a certain volume of renewable and low-carbon fuels into the petroleum-based transportation fuels we produce in, or import into, the respective jurisdiction to be consumed therein based on annual quotas. To the degree we are unable to blend at the required quotas, we must purchase compliance credits (primarily Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs)). The cost of meeting

our credit obligations under the Renewable and Low-Carbon Fuel Programs was $438 million and $461 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1.2 billion and $984 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These amounts are reflected in cost of materials and other.

The following table provides information about the fair values of our derivative instruments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions) and the line items in the balance sheets in which the fair values are reflected. See Note 11 for additional information related to the fair values of our derivative instruments.

As indicated in Note 11, we net fair value amounts recognized for multiple similar derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty under master netting arrangements, including cash collateral assets and obligations. The following table, however, is presented on a gross asset and gross liability basis, which results in the reflection of certain assets in liability accounts and certain liabilities in asset accounts:


	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives		Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables, net	$	10	$	19	$	61	$	44

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Commodity contracts	Receivables, net	$	899	$	1,129	$	769	$	661
Physical purchase contracts	Inventories	—		14		4		4
Foreign currency contracts	Receivables, net	4		—		—		—
Foreign currency contracts	Accrued expenses	—		—		—		2
Total		$	903	$	1,143	$	773	$	667

Our price risk management activities involve the receipt or payment of fixed price commitments into the future. These transactions give rise to market risk, which is the risk that future changes in market conditions may make an instrument less valuable. We closely monitor and manage our exposure to market risk on a daily basis in accordance with policies approved by our Board. Market risks are monitored by our risk control group to ensure compliance with our stated risk management policy. We do not require any collateral or other security to support derivative instruments into which we enter. We also do not have any derivative instruments that require us to maintain a minimum investment-grade credit rating.

The following table provides information about the gain (loss) recognized in income and other comprehensive loss due to fair value adjustments of our cash flow hedges (in millions):


Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022		2023		2022
Commodity contracts:
Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive loss	n/a	$	(197)	$	79	$	(71)	$	(215)
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income	Revenues	(119)		10		(3)		(289)

For cash flow hedges, no component of any derivative instrument’s gains or losses was excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cash flow hedges primarily related to forecasted sales of renewable diesel. As of September 30, 2023, the estimated deferred after-tax loss that is expected to be reclassified into revenues within the next 12 months was not material. The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are described in Note 5.

The following table provides information about the gain (loss) recognized in income on our derivative instruments with respect to our economic hedges and our foreign currency hedges and the line items in the statements of income in which such gains (losses) are reflected (in millions):


Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2023		2022		2023		2022
Commodity contracts	Revenues	$	(2)	$	(6)	$	(19)	$	(12)
Commodity contracts	Cost of materials and other	(48)		(109)		126		(976)
Commodity contracts	Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense)	—		(18)		1		(9)
Foreign currency contracts	Cost of materials and other	19		57		(1)		104
Foreign currency contracts	Other income, net	—		(38)		—		(119)