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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present information (in millions) about our assets and liabilities recognized at their fair values in our balance sheets categorized according to the fair value hierarchy of the inputs utilized by us to determine the fair values as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

We have elected to offset the fair value amounts recognized for multiple similar derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty, including any related cash collateral assets or obligations as shown below; however, fair value amounts by hierarchy level are presented in the following tables on a gross basis. We have no derivative contracts that are subject to master netting arrangements that are reflected gross on the balance sheet.


	September 30, 2023
							Total Gross Fair Value		Effect of Counter- party Netting		Effect of Cash Collateral Netting		Net Carrying Value on Balance Sheet		Cash Collateral Paid or Received Not Offset
	Fair Value Hierarchy
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Commodity derivative contracts	$	909	$	—	$	—	$	909	$	(907)	$	—	$	2	$	—



Foreign currency contracts	4		—		—		4		n/a		n/a		4		n/a
Investments of certain benefit plans	77		—		4		81		n/a		n/a		81		n/a
Investments in AFS debt securities	85		66		—		151		n/a		n/a		151		n/a
Total	$	1,075	$	66	$	4	$	1,145	$	(907)	$	—	$	238

Liabilities
Commodity derivative contracts	$	1,148	$	—	$	—	$	1,148	$	(907)	$	(241)	$	—	$	(141)
Blending program obligations	—		129		—		129		n/a		n/a		129		n/a
Physical purchase contracts	—		14		—		14		n/a		n/a		14		n/a



Total	$	1,148	$	143	$	—	$	1,291	$	(907)	$	(241)	$	143


	December 31, 2022
							Total Gross Fair Value		Effect of Counter- party Netting		Effect of Cash Collateral Netting		Net Carrying Value on Balance Sheet		Cash Collateral Paid or Received Not Offset
	Fair Value Hierarchy
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Commodity derivative contracts	$	830	$	—	$	—	$	830	$	(705)	$	(8)	$	117	$	—
Physical purchase contracts	—		4		—		4		n/a		n/a		4		n/a

Investments of certain benefit plans	72		—		6		78		n/a		n/a		78		n/a
Investments in AFS debt securities	56		165		—		221		n/a		n/a		221		n/a
Total	$	958	$	169	$	6	$	1,133	$	(705)	$	(8)	$	420

Liabilities
Commodity derivative contracts	$	705	$	—	$	—	$	705	$	(705)	$	—	$	—	$	(149)
Blending program obligations	—		55		—		55		n/a		n/a		55		n/a
Physical purchase contracts	—		4		—		4		n/a		n/a		4		n/a
Foreign currency contracts	2		—		—		2		n/a		n/a		2		n/a
Total	$	707	$	59	$	—	$	766	$	(705)	$	—	$	61

A description of our assets and liabilities recognized at fair value along with the valuation methods and inputs we used to develop their fair value measurements are as follows:

•Commodity derivative contracts consist primarily of exchange-traded futures, which are used to reduce the impact of price volatility on our results of operations and cash flows as discussed in Note 12. These contracts are measured at fair value using a market approach based on quoted prices from the commodity exchange and are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

•Physical purchase contracts represent the fair value of fixed-price corn purchase contracts. The fair values of these purchase contracts are measured using a market approach based on quoted prices from the commodity exchange or an independent pricing service and are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

•Investments of certain benefit plans consist of investment securities held by trusts for the purpose of satisfying a portion of our obligations under certain U.S. nonqualified benefit plans. The plan assets categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy are measured at fair value using a market approach based on quoted prices from national securities exchanges. The plan assets categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy represent insurance contracts, the fair value of which is provided by the insurer.

•Investments in AFS debt securities consist primarily of commercial paper and U.S. government treasury bills and have maturities within one year. The securities were reflected in the following balance sheet line items, depending on their original maturities when acquired (in millions):


	September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	33	$	33	$	—	$	125	$	125
Prepaid expenses and other	85		33		118		56		40		96
Investments in AFS debt securities	$	85	$	66	$	151	$	56	$	165	$	221

The securities categorized in Level 1 are measured at fair value using a market approach based on quoted prices from national securities exchanges, and the securities categorized in Level 2 are measured at fair value using a market approach based on quoted prices from independent pricing services. The amortized cost basis of the securities approximates fair value. Realized and unrealized gains and losses were de minimis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. There were no AFS debt securities held as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

•Blending program obligations represent our liability for the purchase of compliance credits needed to satisfy our blending obligations under various government and regulatory blending programs, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), the Canada Clean Fuel Regulations, and similar programs in other jurisdictions in which we operate (collectively, the Renewable and Low-Carbon Fuel Programs). The blending program obligations are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured at fair value using a market approach based on quoted prices from an independent pricing service.

•Foreign currency contracts consist of foreign currency exchange and purchase contracts and foreign currency swap agreements related to our foreign operations to manage our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in currencies other than the local (functional) currencies of our operations. These contracts are valued based on quoted foreign currency exchange rates and are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

As previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, we concluded that our ethanol plant located in Lakota, Iowa (Lakota ethanol plant) was impaired as of December 31, 2022, which resulted in an asset impairment loss of $61 million. The fair value of the Lakota ethanol plant was determined using a combination of the income and market approaches and was classified in Level 3. We employed a probability-weighted approach to possible future cash flow scenarios, including the use of peer company metrics and comparison to a recent sales transaction.

There were no assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, except as noted above.

Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, investments in AFS debt securities, receivables, payables, debt obligations, operating and finance lease obligations, commodity derivative contracts, and foreign currency contracts. The estimated fair values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables, and operating and finance lease obligations approximate their carrying amounts; the carrying value and fair value of debt is shown in the table below (in millions).


		September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Financial liabilities:
Debt (excluding finance lease obligations)	Level 2	$	9,150	$	8,549	$	9,241	$	8,902

Investments in AFS debt securities, commodity derivative contracts, and foreign currency contracts are recognized at their fair values as shown in “Recurring Fair Value Measurements” above.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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