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Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
  10. Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes". Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. In assessing the ability to realize deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. ASC 740 requires that the net deferred tax asset be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax asset will not be realized.

 

As of December 31, 2013, the Company had gross net operating loss (NOL) carry forwards of approximately $15.9 million available to offset future taxable income for federal income tax purposes, net of the potential limitation discussed below. These federal NOL carry forwards expire between 2017 and 2033. The Company had gross state NOL carry forwards of approximately $13.0 million available to offset future taxable income for state income tax purposes. These state NOL carry forwards expire between 2020 and 2029. During fiscal 2013 the Company experienced a significant delay in realizing revenues related to its first quarter 2013 DHS BPA award of up to $600 million due to a protest by an unsuccessful bidder. The Company was notified in December 2013 the protest was denied and the sole source BPA award was reaffirmed and that the stay of work had been lifted. The delays coupled with strategic investments in marketing and sales and infrastructure investments resulted in a net tax loss for fiscal 2013. Management believes based upon the positive prospects for the Company's DHS BPA award that recorded net deferred tax assets will be utilized in future periods and no valuation allowance is required.

 

Under the provision of the U.S. Tax Reform Act of 1986, a change in an entity's ownership of 50 percent or greater may limit utilization of federal net operating loss carry forwards. The Company had a series of historical equity transactions that resulted in a change in control. The Company's net operating losses will be subject to such limitations and may not be available to offset future income for tax purposes. Utilization of the NOL carryforwards will be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions due to ownership change limitations that have occurred. In general, an ownership change, as defined by Section 382, results from transactions increasing ownership of certain stockholders or public groups in the stock of the corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period. An analysis was performed which indicated that multiple ownership changes have occurred in previous years which created annual limitations on our ability to utilize NOL and tax credit carryovers. Such limitations will result in approximately $4.9 million reduction in gross NOL carry forwards available to offset future taxable income for federal income tax purposes.

 

No tax benefit has been associated with the exercise of stock options for the years ended December 31, 2013 or 2012, respectively, because of the existence of net operating loss carryforwards in accordance with the with-and-without approach the Company elected to follow as part of its adoption of FASB123R during the first quarter of 2006. There will be no credit to additional paid in capital for such until the associated benefit is realized through a reduction of income taxes payable. The tax benefit associated with the exercise of stock options included in NOL's that will be credited to additional paid-in capital when the NOL's are used to reduce taxes currently payable is approximately $1,550,000.

 

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. While the Company does not have any material interest and penalties in the periods presented, the Company's policy is to recognize such expenses as tax expense.

 

The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") as well as income tax returns in various states. The Company may be subject to examination by the IRS for tax years 2003 through 2013. Additionally, the Company may be subject to examinations by various state taxing jurisdictions for tax years 2003 through 2013. As of December 31, 2013, the Company is currently not under examination by the IRS or any state tax jurisdiction.

 

Provision for income taxes is as follows for the years ended:

 

    DECEMBER 31,  
    2013     2012  
             
Current provision (benefit)                
Federal   $ -     $ -  
State     249,273       (17,864 )
Total     249,273       (17,864 )
                 
Deferred provision (benefit)                
Federal     96,180       (33,748 )
State     17,311       (48,075 )
Total     113,491       (81,823 )
                 
Income tax provision (benefit)   $ 362,764     $ (99,687 )

 

The provision (benefit) for income taxes results in effective rates, which differs from the federal and state statutory rate as follows for the years ended:

 

    DECEMBER 31,  
    2013     2012  
             
Statutory federal income tax rate     34.0 %     34.0 %
State income tax rate (net of federal benefit)     -8.8 %     3.1 %
Non-deductible expenses     -2.4 %     3.1 %
Change in valuation allowance     0.0 %     -3.9 %
Adjustments to state net operating losses     0.0 %     -7.8 %
Adjustments to share-based compensation     -53.8 %     3.5 %
Change in fair value of contingent consideration     0.0 %     -44.5 %
Section 382 limitation                
Return to accrual difference true-ups     1.6 %     -0.1 %
Combined effective tax rate     -29.4 %     -12.6 %

 

The deferred tax assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:

 

    DECEMBER 31,  
    2013     2012  
Deferred tax assets:                
Net operating loss carryforwards   $ 4,985,548     $ 4,818,357  
Alternative  minimum tax credit     45,650       45,650  
Share-based compensation     381,123       509,043  
Intangibles     714,354       195,535  
Depreciation     46,373       54,222  
Other assets     166,642       156,617  
                 
Total deferred tax assets     6,339,690       5,779,424  
Less: valuation allowance     (712,847 )     (849,654 )
Total deferred tax assets, net     5,626,843       4,929,770  
                 
Deferred tax liabilities:                
Goodwill amortization     1,886,197       1,106,326  
Capitalized software costs     33,759       3,066  
                 
Total deferred tax liabilities     1,919,956       1,109,392  
                 
Net deferred tax asset (liability)   $ 3,706,887     $ 3,820,378  

 

Changes in the valuation allowance for the years ended were as follows:

 

    DECEMBER 31,  
    2013     2012  
             
Beginning balance   $ (849,654 )   $ (880,384 )
Decreases (Increases)     (6,431 )     30,730  
Ending balance   $ (856,085 )   $ (849,654 )