alv-10q_20180331.htm

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes: ☒ No: ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes: ☒ No: ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes: ☐ No: ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: As of April 23, 2018, there were 87,094,365 shares of common stock of Autoliv, Inc., par value $1.00 per share, outstanding.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are not historical facts but rather forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements include those that address activities, events or developments that Autoliv, Inc. (“Autoliv,” the “Company” or “we”) or its management believes or anticipates may occur in the future. All forward-looking statements, including without limitation, statements regarding management’s examination of historical operating trends and data, estimates of future sales, operating margin, cash flow, effective tax rate or other future operating performance or financial results, the completion and timing of the proposed spin-off and the outlook for Passive Safety and Electronics as separate businesses if the spin-off is completed are based upon our current expectations, various assumptions and/or data available from third parties. Our expectations and assumptions are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, there can be no assurance that such forward-looking statements will materialize or prove to be correct as forward-looking statements are inherently subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause actual future results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the future results, performance or achievements expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “estimates,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “intends,” “believes,” “may,” “likely,” “might,” “would,” “should,” “could,” or the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain such words.

Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, the outcome could differ materially from those set out in the forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including without limitation: changes in light vehicle production; fluctuation in vehicle production schedules for which the Company is a supplier; changes in general industry and market conditions or regional growth or decline; changes in and the successful execution of our capacity alignment, restructuring and cost reduction initiatives and the market reaction thereto; loss of business from increased competition; higher raw material, fuel and energy costs; changes in consumer and customer preferences for end products; customer losses; changes in regulatory conditions; customer bankruptcies; consolidations, restructuring or divestiture of customer brands; unfavorable fluctuations in currencies or interest rates among the various jurisdictions in which we operate; component shortages; market acceptance of our new products; costs or difficulties related to the integration of any new or acquired businesses and technologies; continued uncertainty in pricing negotiations with customers; successful integration of acquisitions and operations of joint ventures; successful implementation of strategic partnerships and collaborations; our ability to be awarded new business; product liability, warranty and recall claims and investigations and other litigation and customer reactions thereto (including the resolution of the Toyota Recall (defined below)); higher expenses for our pension and other postretirement benefits including higher funding needs for our pension plans; work stoppages or other labor issues; possible adverse results of pending or future litigation or infringement claims; our ability to protect our intellectual property rights; negative impacts of antitrust investigations or other governmental investigations and associated litigation relating to the conduct of our business; tax assessments by governmental authorities and changes in our effective tax rate; dependence on key personnel; legislative or regulatory changes impacting or limiting our business; political conditions; dependence on and relationships with customers and suppliers; and other risks and uncertainties identified in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Item 1A “Risk Factors” and Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on February 22, 2018.

For any forward-looking statements contained in this or any other document, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we assume no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events, except as required by law.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
Net sales	$	2,812.8		$	2,608.1
Cost of sales		(2,233.6	)		(2,065.6	)
Gross profit		579.2			542.5
Selling, general and administrative expenses		(126.8	)		(120.3	)
Research, development and engineering expenses, net		(213.7	)		(192.7	)
Amortization of intangibles		(8.1	)		(21.8	)
Other income (expense), net		(5.2	)		9.9
Operating income		225.4			217.6
(Loss) income from equity method investments		(12.7	)		0.5
Interest income		1.7			2.0
Interest expense		(13.7	)		(16.2	)
Other non-operating items, net		(3.8	)		(9.5	)
Income before income taxes		196.9			194.4
Income tax expense		(74.5	)		(52.3	)
Net income	$	122.4		$	142.1
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest		(4.3	)		(1.8	)
Net income attributable to controlling interest	$	126.7		$	143.9

Net earnings per share – basic ¹⁾	$	1.46		$	1.63
Net earnings per share – diluted ¹⁾	$	1.45		$	1.62

Weighted average number of shares outstanding, net of treasury shares (in millions)		87.0			88.3
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, assuming dilution and net of treasury shares (in millions)		87.3			88.5

Cash dividend per share – declared	$	0.62		$	0.60
Cash dividend per share – paid	$	0.60		$	0.58

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
Net income	$	122.4		$	142.1
Other comprehensive income before tax:
Change in cumulative translation adjustments		91.6			88.4
Net change in cash flow hedges		0.4			(2.6	)
Net change in unrealized components of defined benefit plans		0.8			1.7
Other comprehensive income, before tax		92.8			87.5
Tax effect allocated to other comprehensive income		(0.2	)		(0.5	)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		92.6			87.0
Comprehensive income	$	215.0		$	229.1
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest		1.5			4.0
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$	213.5		$	225.1

	As of
	March 31, 2018 (unaudited)			December 31, 2017
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	793.9		$	959.5
Receivables, net		2,406.0			2,157.2
Inventories, net		865.0			859.1
Other current assets		277.0			228.9
Total current assets		4,341.9			4,204.7
Property, plant and equipment, net		2,074.5			1,973.1
Investments and other non-current assets		608.4			518.5
Goodwill		1,691.5			1,688.8
Intangible assets, net		161.8			164.8
Total assets	$	8,878.1		$	8,549.9

Liabilities and equity
Short-term debt	$	84.0		$	19.7
Accounts payable		1,305.2			1,280.8
Accrued expenses		1,076.8			1,028.6
Other current liabilities		343.5			325.5
Total current liabilities		2,809.5			2,654.6
Long-term debt		1,325.2			1,321.7
Pension liability		231.3			225.9
Other non-current liabilities		170.1			178.3
Total non-current liabilities		1,726.6			1,725.9
Common stock		102.8			102.8
Additional paid-in capital		1,329.3			1,329.3
Retained earnings		4,165.2			4,079.2
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(211.0	)		(287.5	)
Treasury stock		(1,180.1	)		(1,188.7	)
Total controlling interest		4,206.2			4,035.1
Non-controlling interest		135.8			134.3
Total equity		4,342.0			4,169.4
Total liabilities and equity	$	8,878.1		$	8,549.9

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
Operating activities
Net income	$	122.4		$	142.1
Depreciation and amortization		109.8			114.8
Other, net		6.1			(25.9	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities		(222.7	)		(81.8	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		15.6			149.2

Investing activities
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment		(141.0	)		(129.5	)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment		1.7			8.1
Acquisitions of businesses and interest in/additional contributions to affiliates, net of cash acquired		(72.9	)		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(212.2	)		(121.4	)

Financing activities
Net increase in short-term debt		65.4			4.6
Dividends paid		(52.4	)		(51.2	)
Common stock options exercised		4.9			1.8
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		17.9			(44.8	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		13.1			25.5
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(165.6	)		8.5
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		959.5			1,226.7
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	793.9		$	1,235.2

(Unless otherwise noted, all amounts are presented in millions of dollars, except for per share amounts)

The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the prior year audited financial statements and all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the financial statements. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The result for the interim period is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period or for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

Statements in this report that are not of historical fact are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could affect the actual results of the Company. A description of the important factors that could cause Autoliv's actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this report may be found in this report and Autoliv's other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements, footnotes and definitions thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on February 22, 2018.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI), which allows a reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Consequently, the amendments in ASU 2018-02 eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 are effective for all entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-02 as of January 1, 2018 and made a reclassification from AOCI to Retained earnings of approximately $10 million.

In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) - Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, which requires the service cost component to be reported in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the consolidated statements of income separately from the service cost component and outside operating income. The amendments in ASU 2017-07 are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in ASU 2017-07 should be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the consolidated statements of income. The Company adopted ASU 2017-07 in the first quarter of 2018. Prior comparative periods have not been adjusted since the impact of ASU 2017-07 is not material for any consolidated financial statements periods presented (see Note 12. Retirement Plans).

In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company elected to treat any potential GILTI inclusions as a period cost.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Current GAAP prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. Consequently, the amendments in this ASU 2016-16 eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. Two common examples of assets included in the scope of ASU 2016-16 are intellectual property and property, plant, and equipment. The amendments in ASU 2016-16 are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in ASU 2016-16 should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 effective January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements for any periods presented.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which outlines a single, comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance issued by the FASB, including industry specific guidance. In 2016, the FASB issued accounting standard updates to address implementation issues and to clarify guidance in certain areas. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, ASU 2014-09 requires certain additional disclosure around the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018 and utilized the modified retrospective (cumulative effect) transition method to all contracts not completed at the date of initial application. The Company applied the modified retrospective transition method through a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings. The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact on net sales, net income, or balance sheet.

Balance Sheet (Dollars in millions)	Balance at December 31, 2017		Adjustments due to ASU 2014-09			Balance at January 1, 2018
Assets
Inventories, net	$	859.1	$	(17.4	)	$	841.7
Other current assets		228.9		22.0			250.9

Equity
Retained Earnings		4,079.2		3.2			4,082.4

	As of March 31, 2018
Balance Sheet (Dollars in millions)	As Reported		Balances without adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Changes
Assets
Inventories, net	$	865.0	$	885.4	$	(20.4	)
Other current assets		277.0		251.3		25.7

Equity
Retained Earnings		4,165.2		4,161.5		3.7

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivative and Hedging (Topic 815), Targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities. The amendments in ASU 2017-12 better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. The amendments in ASU 2017-12 also include certain targeted improvements to ease the application of current guidance related to the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The amendments in ASU 2017-12 modify disclosures required in current GAAP. Those modifications include a tabular disclosure related to the effect on the income statement of fair value and cash

flow hedges and eliminate the requirement to disclose the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of hedging instruments. The amendments also require new tabular disclosures related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges. The amendments in ASU 2017-12 are effective for public business entities for annual period beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. For cash flow and net investment hedges existing at the date of adoption, an entity should apply a cumulative-effect adjustment related to eliminating the separate measurement of ineffectiveness to accumulated other comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the annual period that an entity adopts the amendments in ASU 2017-12. The Company believes that the pending adoption of ASU 2017-12 will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements since the Company has terminated its existing cash flow hedges in the first quarter of 2018.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held and requires enhanced disclosures regarding significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption of ASU 2016-13 on the consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 affects any entity that enters into a lease, with some specified scope exceptions. For public business entities, the amendments in ASU 2016-02 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company intends to adopt ASU 2016-02 in the annual period beginning January 1, 2019. The Company intends to apply the modified retrospective transition method and elect the transition option to use the effective date January 1, 2019, as the date of initial application. The Company will not adjust its comparative period financial statements for effects of the ASU 2016-02, or make the new required lease disclosures for periods before the effective date. The Company will recognize its cumulative effect transition adjustment as of the effective date. The Company’s implementation of this standard includes use of a project management framework that includes a dedicated lead project manager and a cross-functional project steering committee responsible for assessing the impact that the new standard will have on the Company’s accounting, financial statement presentation and disclosure. This team has begun its process to identify leasing arrangements and to compare its accounting policies and practices to the requirements of the new standard. The Company regularly enters into operating leases, for which current GAAP does not require recognition on the balance sheet. The Company anticipates that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will primarily result in the recognition of most operating leases on its balance sheet resulting in an increase in reported right-of-use assets and leasing liabilities. The Company will continue to assess the impact from the new standard. The Company is also considering system, control and process changes to capture lease data necessary to apply ASU 2016-02.

In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer, adjusted for any variable consideration (i.e. price concessions or annual price adjustments) and estimated at contract inception. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product to a customer.

In addition, from time to time, Autoliv may make payments to customers in connection with ongoing and future business. These payments to customers are generally recognized as a reduction to revenue at the time of the commitment to make these payments unless certain criteria are met warranting capitalization. The Company considers qualitative factors such as the maturity of the product and technology involved in a potential transaction as well as how current the customer relationship is, when evaluating if a payment(s) warrant capitalization. If the payments are capitalized, the amounts are amortized to revenue as the related goods are transferred.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue.

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control of a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales.

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue. The Company has two operating segments, Passive Safety and Electronics. Passive Safety includes Autoliv’s airbag and seatbelt products and components, while Electronics combines all of Autoliv’s electronics resources and expertise in both passive safety electronics and active safety. The principal activities are essentially the same for each of the segments. Both of the segments generate revenue from the sale of production parts to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”).

The Company accounts for individual products separately if they are distinct (i.e., if a product is separately identifiable from other items and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer). The consideration, including any price concessions or annual price adjustments, is based on their stand-alone selling prices for each of the products. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the cost-plus margin approach.

The Company recognizes revenue for production parts primarily at a point in time.

For production parts with revenue recognized at a point in time, the company recognizes revenue upon shipment to the customers and transfer of title and risk of loss under standard commercial terms (typically F.O.B. shipping point). There are certain contracts where the criteria to recognize revenue over time have been met (e.g., there is no alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment). In such cases, at period end, the Company recognizes revenue and a related asset and associated cost of goods sold and inventory. However, the financial impact of these contracts is immaterial considering the very short production cycles and limited inventory days on hand, which is typical for the automotive industry.

The amount of revenue recognized is based on the purchase order price and adjusted for variable consideration (i.e. price concessions or annual price adjustments). Customers typically pay for the production parts based on customary business practices with stated payment terms averaging 30 days.

In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by primary region and products.

Net Sales by Region
(Dollars in millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2018
	Passive Safety Segment		Electronics Segment		Total
Asia	$	793.0	$	211.1	$	1,004.1
Whereof: China		366.7		101.1		467.8
Japan		214.8		69.6		284.4
Rest of Asia		211.5		40.4		251.9
Americas		668.1		192.7		860.8
Europe		779.6		168.3		947.9
Total	$	2,240.7	$	572.1	$	2,812.8

Net Sales by Region
(Dollars in millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2017
	Passive Safety Segment		Electronics Segment		Total
Asia	$	708.8	$	207.2	$	916.0
Whereof: China		322.9		100.5		423.4
Japan		200.0		61.6		261.6
Rest of Asia		185.9		45.1		231.0
Americas		648.1		215.5		863.6
Europe		684.5		144.0		828.5
Total	$	2,041.4	$	566.7	$	2,608.1

Net Sales by Products
(Dollars in millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2018
	Passive Safety Segment²⁾		Electronics Segment²⁾		Total
Airbag Products¹⁾	$	1,443.1	n/a		$	1,443.1
Seatbelt Products¹⁾		797.6	n/a			797.6
Restraint Control Systems	n/a		$	245.5		245.5
Active Safety¹⁾	n/a			213.0		213.0
Brake Systems	n/a			113.6		113.6
Total net sales	$	2,240.7	$	572.1	$	2,812.8
¹⁾ Including corporate and other sales.
²⁾ Excluding intersegment sales.

Net Sales by Products
(Dollars in millions)	Three months ended March 31, 2017
	Passive Safety Segment²⁾		Electronics Segment²⁾		Total
Airbag Products¹⁾	$	1,354.3	n/a		$	1,354.3
Seatbelt Products¹⁾		687.1	n/a			687.1
Restraint Control Systems	n/a		$	254.7		254.7
Active Safety¹⁾	n/a			191.5		191.5
Brake Systems	n/a			120.5		120.5
Total net sales	$	2,041.4	$	566.7	$	2,608.1
¹⁾ Including corporate and other sales.
²⁾ Excluding intersegment sales.

The following tables provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.

The contract assets related to the Company's rights to consideration for work completed but not billed (generally in conjunction with contracts for which revenue is recognized over time) at the reporting date on production parts. The contract assets are reclassified into the receivables balance when the rights to receive payments become unconditional. There have been no impairment losses recognized related to contract assets arising from the Company’s contracts with customers. Certain contracts have resulted in consideration in advance of fulfilling the performance obligations and the amounts received have been classified as contract liabilities.

Contract Balances with Customers
(Dollars in millions)	As of
	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Receivables, net	$	2,406.0	$	2,157.2
Contract assets ¹⁾		25.7		—
Contract liabilities ²⁾		33.6		33.0
¹⁾ Included in other current assets.
²⁾ Included in other current and other non-current liabilities.

Receivables, net of allowance
(Dollars in millions)	As of
	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Receivables	$	2,413.6		$	2,165.7
Allowance at beginning of period		(8.5	)		(7.8	)
Net decrease/(increase) of allowance		1.0			0.0
Translation difference		(0.1	)		(0.7	)
Allowance at end of period		(7.6	)		(8.5	)
Receivables, net of allowance	$	2,406.0		$	2,157.2

Changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows:

Change in Contract Balances with Customers
(Dollars in millions)
	Three months ended March 31, 2018
	Contract assets			Contract liabilities
Beginning balance	$	—		$	33.0
Increases/(decreases) due to cumulative catch up adjustment		22.0			—
Increases/(decreases) due to revenue recognized		25.7			(0.4	)
Increases/(decreases) due to cash received		—			—
Increases/(decreases) due to transfer to receivables		(22.0	)		—
Translation difference		0.0			1.0
Ending balance	$	25.7		$	33.6

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales. The amount of fulfillment costs was not material for any period presented.

On November 1, 2017, Autoliv completed the acquisition of all the shares of Fotonic i Norden dp AB (Fotonic), a company headquartered in Stockholm and Skellefteå in Sweden. The final acquisition date fair value of the total consideration transferred was $16.9 million, consisting of a $14.5 million cash payment and $2.4 million of deferred purchase consideration, payable at the 18 month anniversary of the closing date. The deferred purchase consideration reflects the holdback amount as stipulated in the share purchase agreement. The transaction has been accounted for as a business combination. The balance of the deferred purchase consideration remains unchanged at $2.4 million as of March 31, 2018.

Fotonic provides Lidar and Time of Flight camera expertise and the acquisition included 35 Lidar and time of flight engineering experts, in addition to defined intangible assets. The strength of the acquired competence is on the Lidar and time of flight camera hardware side which form a complement to Autoliv’s skillset in the Lidar software and algorithms area. Lidar technology is an enabling technology for Highly Automated Driving and considered the primary sensor by all system developers. Fotonic is being reported in the Electronics segment.

The net assets acquired as of the acquisition date amounted to $16.9 million. The estimated fair values of identifiable assets acquired consisted of Intangible assets of $3.8 million and Goodwill of $13.4 million, and the estimated fair value of liabilities assumed consisted of Other current liabilities of $0.3 million. Acquired Intangibles consisted of the fair value of background IP (patent & technical know-how). The useful life of the IP is 5 years and will be amortized on a straight-line basis. The recognized goodwill reflects the valuation of the acquired workforce of specialist engineers.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, other current liabilities and short-term debt approximate their fair value because of the short term maturity of these instruments.

The fair value of the contingent consideration relating to the M/A-COM acquisition on August 17, 2015 is re-measured on a recurring basis. The Company has determined that this contingent consideration resides within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company adjusted the fair value of the earn-out liability to $14 million in the first quarter of 2017 based on actual revenue levels as well as changes in the estimated probability of different revenue scenarios for the remaining contractual earn-out period. Income of $13 million was recognized within Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the first quarter of 2017 due to the decrease in the contingent consideration liability. The remaining fair value of the earn-out liability of $14 million as of December 31, 2017 was fully released and recognized within Other income (expense) in the first quarter of 2018, driven by changes in the estimated probability of different revenue scenarios for the remaining contractual earn-out period such that management no longer believes that there are any scenarios under which the earn-out criteria could be met.

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, “derivatives”, as part of its debt management to mitigate the market risk that occurs from its exposure to changes in interest and foreign exchange rates. The Company does not enter into derivatives for trading or other speculative purposes. The Company’s use of derivatives is in accordance with the strategies contained in the Company’s overall financial policy. The derivatives outstanding at March 31, 2018 were foreign exchange swaps. All swaps principally match the terms and maturity of the underlying debt and no swaps have a maturity beyond six months. All derivatives are recognized in the consolidated financial statements at fair value. Certain derivatives are from time to time designated either as fair value hedges or cash flow hedges in line with the hedge accounting criteria. For certain other derivatives hedge accounting is not applied either because non-hedge accounting treatment creates the same accounting result or the hedge does not meet the hedge accounting requirements, although entered into applying the same rationale concerning mitigating market risk that occurs from changes in interest and foreign exchange rates. During the quarter, forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges of certain external purchasing were terminated. The loss associated with such termination was not material.

The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of the instruments generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Pricing observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of asset or liability, whether the asset or liability has an established market and the characteristics specific to the transaction. Instruments with readily active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of pricing observability and a lesser degree of judgment utilized in measuring fair value. Conversely, assets rarely traded or not quoted will generally have less, or no, pricing observability and a higher degree of judgment utilized in measuring fair value.

Under existing GAAP, there is a disclosure framework hierarchy associated with the level of pricing observability utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. The three broad levels defined by the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

Level 2 - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The nature of these assets and liabilities include items for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently, and items that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed.

Level 3 - Assets and liabilities that have little to no pricing observability as of the reported date. These items do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

The Company’s derivatives are all classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and there were no transfers between the levels during this or comparable periods.

The tables below present information about the Company’s derivative financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The carrying value is the same as the fair value as these instruments are recognized in the consolidated financial statements at fair value. Although the Company is party to close-out netting agreements (ISDA agreements) with all derivative counterparties, the fair values in the tables below and in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2018 and in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2017, have been presented on a gross basis. The amounts subject to netting agreements that the Company chose not to offset are presented below. According to the close-out netting agreements, transaction amounts payable to a counterparty on the same date and in the same currency can be netted.

	March 31, 2018
				Fair Value Measurements
Description	Nominal volume			Derivative asset			Derivative liability			Balance sheet location
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange forward contracts, less than 1 year (cash flow hedge)	$	—		$	—		$	—		Other current assets/ Other current liabilities
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	—		$	—		$	—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange swaps, less than 6 months	$	671.7	¹⁾	$	4.4	²⁾	$	3.5	³⁾	Other current assets/ Other current liabilities
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	$	671.7		$	4.4		$	3.5

	December 31, 2017
				Fair Value Measurements
Description	Nominal volume			Derivative asset			Derivative liability			Balance sheet location
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments ¹⁾
Foreign exchange forward contracts, less than 1 year (cash flow hedge)	$	66.6		$	0.4		$	1.3		Other current assets/ Other current liabilities
Foreign exchange forward contracts, less than 2 years (cash flow hedge)		—			—			—		Other non-current assets/ Other non-current liabilities
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	66.6		$	0.4		$	1.3
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange swaps, less than 6 months	$	468.2	²⁾	$	2.4	³⁾	$	0.3	⁴⁾	Other current assets/ Other current liabilities
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	$	468.2		$	2.4		$	0.3

The forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges were terminated during the first quarter of 2018. The derivatives designated as hedging instruments outstanding at December 31, 2017 were foreign exchange forward contracts, classified as cash flow hedges.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, the cumulative gains and losses recognized in OCI on the cash flow hedges were a loss of $0.0 million (net of taxes) and a loss of $1.0 million (net of taxes), respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, the gains and losses reclassified from OCI and recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income were a loss of $0.5 million (net of taxes) and a gain of $1.5 million (net of taxes), respectively. Any ineffectiveness in the first three months of 2018 and 2017 was not material.

The estimated net amount of the existing gains or losses at March 31, 2018 that is expected to be reclassified from OCI and recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income within the next twelve months is a loss of $0.4 million (net of taxes).

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments relate to economic hedges and are marked to market with all amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The derivatives not designated as hedging instruments outstanding at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were foreign exchange swaps.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, the gains and losses recognized in other non-operating items, net were a loss of $1.5 million and a loss of $1.4 million, respectively, for derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, the gains and losses recognized as interest expense were immaterial.

The fair value of long-term debt is determined either from quoted market prices as provided by participants in the secondary market or for long-term debt without quoted market prices, estimated using a discounted cash flow method based on the Company’s current borrowing rates for similar types of financing. The fair value and carrying value of debt is summarized in the table below. The Company has determined that each of these fair value measurements of debt reside within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

	March 31,		March 31,		December 31,		December 31,
	2018		2018		2017		2017
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
Long-term debt	value¹⁾		value		value¹⁾		value
U.S. Private placement	$	1,310.1	$	1,365.1	$	1,310.5	$	1,379.9
Other long-term debt		15.1		15.1		11.2		11.2
Total	$	1,325.2	$	1,380.2	$	1,321.7	$	1,391.1
Short-term debt
Overdrafts and other short-term debt	$	58.7	$	58.7	$	19.5	$	19.5
Short-term portion of long-term debt		25.3		25.3		0.2		0.2
Total	$	84.0	$	84.0	$	19.7	$	19.7

In addition to assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company also has assets and liabilities in its balance sheet that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis including certain long-lived assets, including equity method investments, goodwill and other intangible assets, typically as it relates to impairment.

The Company has determined that the fair value measurements included in each of these assets and liabilities rely primarily on Company-specific inputs and the Company’s assumptions about the use of the assets and settlements of liabilities, as observable inputs are not available. The Company has determined that each of these fair value measurements reside within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. To determine the fair value of long-lived assets, the Company utilizes the projected cash flows expected to be generated by the long-lived assets, then discounts the future cash flows over the expected life of the long-lived assets.

The tables below present information about certain of the Company’s long-lived assets measured at fair value (level 3) on a nonrecurring basis.

Delaware		51-0378542
(State or other jurisdiction of		(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification No.)

Klarabergsviadukten 70, Section B7
Box 70381, SE-107 24
Stockholm, Sweden		N/A
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
(do not check if smaller reporting company)

Emerging Growth Company	☐

INDEX

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.	Basis of Presentation	8
2.	New Accounting Standards	8
3.	Revenue	10
4.	Business Combinations	13
5.	Fair Value Measurements	13
6.	Income Taxes	16
7.	Inventories	17
8.	Equity Method Investments	17
9.	Goodwill	18
10.	Restructuring	18
11.	Product-Related Liabilities	18
12.	Retirement Plans	19
13.	Equity	20
14.	Contingent Liabilities	20
15.	Stock Incentive Plan	23
16.	Earnings Per Share	24
17.	Segment Information	24
18.	Subsequent Events	25

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		26

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK		38

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES		38

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		39

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS		39

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS		39

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS		39

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES		39

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES		39

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION		39

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS		40

	Three months period ended March 31, 2018
Income Statement (Dollars in millions)	As Reported			Balances without adoption of ASC 606			Effect of Changes
Net sales	$	2,812.8		$	2,809.1		$	3.7
Cost of sales		(2,233.6	)		(2,230.5	)		(3.1	)
Operating income		225.4			224.8			0.6