As of June 30, 2025, the majority of the restructuring reserve balance of $117 million is attributed to global structural cost reduction program activities initiated in Europe in 2023. A majority of the activities are expected to be concluded in 2025.

No material restructuring initiatives were entered into during the three and six months periods ended June 30, 2025. Provisions for the three and six months periods ended June 30, 2024 related to the restructuring activities in Europe. Cash payments for the three and six months periods ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 related to the restructuring activities in Europe that were initiated prior to 2024, mainly Germany.

The table below summarizes the change in the balance sheet position of the employee-related restructuring reserves (dollars in millions). The restructuring reserve balances are included within Accrued expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The changes in the employee-related reserves have been charged against Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Restructuring costs other than employee related costs are immaterial for all periods presented.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Reserve at beginning of the period	$	121		$	193		$	151		$	213
Provision - charge		1			13			2			14
Provision - reversal		0			(0	)		(0	)		(0	)
Cash payments		(15	)		(15	)		(50	)		(30	)
Translation difference		9			(1	)		14			(7	)
Reserve at end of the period	$	117		$	189		$	117		$	189