As of March 31, 2025, the majority of the restructuring reserve balance of $121 million is attributed to global structural cost reduction program activities initiated in Europe in 2023. These activities are expected to be concluded in 2025.

No material restructuring initiatives were entered into during the first quarter of 2025. Cash payments for the three months periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 related to the restructuring activities in Europe, mainly Germany.

The table below summarizes the change in the balance sheet position of the employee-related restructuring reserves (dollars in millions). The restructuring reserve balances are included within Accrued expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The changes in the employee-related reserves have been charged against Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Restructuring costs other than employee related costs are immaterial for all periods presented.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Reserve at beginning of the period	$	151		$	213
Provision - charge		0			1
Provision - reversal		(0	)		0
Cash payments		(35	)		(16	)
Translation difference		5			(6	)
Reserve at end of the period	$	121		$	193