As of June 30, 2024, the majority of the restructuring reserve balance of $189 million is attributed to global structural cost reduction program activities initiated in Europe in 2023. These activities are expected to be concluded during 2024 and 2025.

Provisions and cash payments for the three and six months periods ended June 30, 2024 relate to the restructuring activities in Europe. The provision charges for the three and six months periods ended June 30, 2023 mainly relate to restructuring activities in Germany and UK.

The table below summarizes the change in the balance sheet position of the employee-related restructuring reserves (dollars in millions). The restructuring reserve balances are included within Accrued expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The changes in the employee-related reserves have been charged against Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Restructuring costs other than employee related costs are immaterial for all periods presented.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Reserve at beginning of the period	$	193		$	29		$	213		$	32
Provision - charge		13			107			14			110
Provision - reversal		(0	)		(0	)		(0	)		(0	)
Cash payments		(15	)		(9	)		(30	)		(15	)
Translation difference		(1	)		(0	)		(7	)		0
Reserve at end of the period	$	189		$	127		$	189		$	127