Loans Held for Investment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Loans held for investment consist of Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans. We use “Private Education Loans” to mean education loans to students or their families that are not made, insured, or guaranteed by any state or federal government. Private Education Loans do not include loans insured or guaranteed under the previously existing Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”). We use “Credit Cards” to refer to the suite of Credit Cards that we previously held. At September 30, 2022, we transferred our Credit Card portfolio to loans held for sale and subsequently sold the Credit Card portfolio to a third party in May 2023. For additional information, see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 4, “Loans Held for Sale” in this Form 10-Q.

Our Private Education Loans are made largely to bridge the gap between the cost of higher education and the amount funded through financial aid, government loans, and customers’ resources. Private Education Loans bear the full credit risk of the customer. We manage this risk through risk-performance underwriting strategies and qualified cosigners. Private Education Loans may be fixed-rate or may carry a variable interest rate indexed to SOFR, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. As of September 30, 2023, 35 percent of all of our Private Education Loans were indexed to SOFR. As of December 30, 2022, 45 percent of all of our Private Education Loans were indexed to LIBOR, the London interbank offered rate, or SOFR. We provide incentives for customers to include a cosigner on the loan, and the vast majority of Private Education Loans in our portfolio are cosigned. We also encourage customers to make payments while in school.

FFELP Loans are insured as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default, subject to a risk-sharing level based on the date of loan disbursement. These insurance obligations are supported by contractual rights against the United States. For loans disbursed on or after July 1, 2006, we receive 97 percent reimbursement on all qualifying claims. For loans disbursed after October 1, 1993, and before July 1, 2006, we receive 98 percent reimbursement on all qualifying claims. For loans disbursed prior to October 1, 1993, we receive 100 percent reimbursement on all qualifying claims.

In the first nine months of 2023, we recognized $128 million in gains from the sale of approximately $2.10 billion of Private Education Loans, including $1.96 billion of principal and $144 million in capitalized interest, to an unaffiliated third party. In the first nine months of 2022, we recognized $325 million in gains from the sale of approximately $3.29 billion of our Private Education Loans, including $3.08 billion of principal and $213 million in capitalized interest, to unaffiliated third parties. There were VIEs created in the execution of certain of these loan sales; however, based on our consolidation analysis, we are not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. These transactions qualified for sale treatment and removed the balance of the loans from our balance sheet on the respective settlement dates. We remained the servicer of these loans pursuant to applicable servicing agreements executed in connection with the sales. For additional information, see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 9, “Borrowings - Unconsolidated VIEs” in this Form 10-Q.

Loans held for investment are summarized as follows:


	September 30,		December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022
Private Education Loans:
Fixed-rate	$	14,000,110	$	11,108,079
Variable-rate	7,680,757		9,195,609
Total Private Education Loans, gross	21,680,867		20,303,688
Deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)	78,673		69,656
Allowance for credit losses	(1,411,232)		(1,353,631)
Total Private Education Loans, net	20,348,308		19,019,713

FFELP Loans	554,309		609,050
Deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)	1,380		1,549
Allowance for credit losses	(4,816)		(3,444)
Total FFELP Loans, net	550,873		607,155





Loans held for investment, net	$	20,899,181	$	19,626,868

The estimated weighted average life of education loans in our portfolio was approximately 5.0 years and 5.0 years at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The average balance (net of unamortized premium/(discount)) and the respective weighted average interest rates of loans held for investment in our portfolio are summarized as follows:


	2023				2022
Three Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Weighted Average Interest Rate		Average Balance		Weighted Average Interest Rate
Private Education Loans	$	20,649,663	10.96	%	$	19,958,763	9.43	%
FFELP Loans	563,502		7.35		655,724		5.03

Total portfolio	$	21,213,165			$	20,614,487


	2023				2022
Nine Months Ended September 30, (dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Weighted Average Interest Rate		Average Balance		Weighted Average Interest Rate
Private Education Loans	$	21,032,541	10.80	%	$	20,685,372	8.82	%
FFELP Loans	583,427		7.10		673,654		4.18

Total portfolio	$	21,615,968			$	21,359,026

Loans Held for SaleWe had no loans held for sale at September 30, 2023 and $29 million in loans held for sale at December 31, 2022. The balance at December 31, 2022 was comprised of our Credit Card loan portfolio. At September 30, 2022, when the loans were transferred to held for sale, we reversed $2.4 million through the provisions for credit losses for the allowance related to these loans. At September 30, 2022, we wrote down this loan portfolio to its estimated fair value through a charge-off to the allowance for credit losses of $1.5 million. In May 2023, we sold our Credit Card loan portfolio to a third party. This transaction qualified for sale treatment and removed the balance of the loans from our balance sheet on the settlement date. We recorded a loss of $4 million related to the sale in the second quarter of 2023.