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Allowance for Credit Losses - Loan Portfolio Stratified by Key Credit Quality Indicators (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
Transfer of allowance for funded loans $ (245,043) $ (284,114) $ (175,526)  
Current period recoveries 29,007 30,971 21,804  
Net charge-offs (216,036) (253,143) (153,722)  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (1,361,723) (441,912) $ (341,121) $ (251,475)
Loans held for investment (net of allowance for losses of $1,361,723 and $441,912, respectively) $ 19,183,143 $ 24,667,792    
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2020 59.60%      
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2019 64.70% 58.20%    
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2018 71.30% 65.40% 58.20%  
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2017 75.30% 71.20% 64.00%  
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2016 80.00% 77.20% 72.00%  
Percentage Of Loans In Repayment, Originated Five Years Before Latest Fiscal Year   82.20%    
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2014 and prior 84.70% 85.40% 78.30%  
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2013 and prior     82.30%  
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2013 and prior     85.00%  
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment 72.50% 72.40% 71.50%  
Delinquent Private Education Loans in repayment as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2020 0.50%      
Delinquent Private Education Loans in repayment as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2019 1.20% 0.60%    
Delinquent Private Education Loans in repayment as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2018 2.40% 1.20% 0.60%  
Delinquent Private Education Loans in repayment as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2017 3.20% 2.40% 1.20%  
Delinquent Private Education Loans in repayment as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2016 3.80% 3.20% 2.30%  
Delinquent Private Education Loans in repayment as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2015 and prior 4.80% 4.00% 3.10%  
Delinquent Private Education Loans in repayment as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2014 and prior   5.00% 3.80%  
Delinquencies As Percentage Of Loans In Repayment, Originated Six Years Before Current Fiscal YearDelinquent Private Education Loans in repayment as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment, 2013 and prior     5.10%  
Delinquent Private Education Loans in repayment as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment 2.80% 2.80% 2.60%  
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance, 2020 0.80%      
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance, 2019 3.40% 0.90%    
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance, 2018 5.00% 3.30% 0.60%  
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance, 2017 5.90% 4.80% 3.20%  
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance, 2016 5.90% 5.20% 4.30%  
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance, 2015   5.20% 4.80%  
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance, 2014 and prior 4.90% 4.70% 5.00%  
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance, 2013 or prior     4.70%  
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance 4.30% 4.10% 3.80%  
Personal Loans        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
Total $ 0 $ 1,049,007    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss 0 (65,877)    
Loans held for investment (net of allowance for losses of $1,361,723 and $441,912, respectively) 0 983,643    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 2,043,033      
2019 2,573,228 2,340,221    
2018 2,045,012 3,159,878 $ 2,233,102  
2017 1,850,539 2,781,132 2,800,142  
2016 1,685,572 2,566,815 2,769,458  
2015 and Prior 3,701,564 2,225,721 2,533,550  
2014 and Prior   3,241,884 1,865,094  
Total 13,898,948 16,315,651 14,289,705  
Current period gross charge-offs, 2020 (1,087) (1,697)    
Current period gross charge-offs, 2019 (10,940) (14,650)    
Current period gross charge-offs, 2018 (27,000) (29,119)    
Current period gross charge-offs, 2017 (35,851) (40,576)    
Current period gross charge-offs, 2016 (36,416) (41,141)    
Current period gross charge-offs, 2015 and prior (94,032) (81,795)    
Transfer of allowance for funded loans (205,326) (208,978)    
Current period recoveries, 2020 42 69    
Current period recoveries, 2019 636 1,016    
Current period recoveries, 2018 2,274 2,622    
Current period recoveries, 2017 3,585 4,431    
Current period recoveries, 2016 4,284 5,175    
Current period recoveries, 2015 and prior 13,200 12,452    
Current period recoveries 24,021 25,765    
Current period net charge-offs, 2020 (1,045) (1,628)    
Current period net charge-offs, 2019 (10,304) (13,634)    
Current period net charge-offs, 2018 (24,726) (26,497)    
Current period net charge-offs, 2017 (32,266) (36,145)    
Current period net charge-offs, 2016 (32,132) (35,966)    
Current period net charge-offs, 2015 and prior (80,832) (69,343)    
Net charge-offs (181,305) (183,213)    
Total accrued interest by origination vintage, 2020 90,438 116,423    
Total accrued interest by origination vintage, 2019 265,688 321,568    
Total accrued interest by origination vintage, 2018 252,251 327,002    
Total accrued interest by origination vintage, 2017 209,178 261,083    
Total accrued interest by origination vintage, 2016 141,094 165,764    
Total accrued interest by origination vintage, 2015 and prior 210,247 174,318    
Total accrued interest by origination vintage 1,168,896 1,366,158    
Loans In Repayment, Originated In Current Fiscal Year 2,052,521      
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2019 2,603,996 2,355,395    
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2018 2,096,368 3,199,351 2,247,526  
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2017 1,912,370 2,850,380 2,832,910  
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2016 1,752,386 2,651,946 2,835,181  
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2015 and Prior 3,887,180 2,317,788 2,613,796  
Private Education Loans in forbearance, total 14,304,821 16,787,670 14,666,856  
Total Private Education Loans, gross, 2020 3,442,765      
Total Private Education Loans, gross, 2019 4,026,848 4,047,048    
Total Private Education Loans, gross, 2018 2,940,511 4,888,373 3,864,545  
Total Private Education Loans, gross, 2017 2,539,794 4,003,485 4,423,883  
Total Private Education Loans, gross, 2016 2,189,222 3,433,858 3,938,366  
Total Private Education Loans, gross, 2015   2,821,172 3,336,377  
Total Private Education Loans, gross, 2015 4,590,197 3,995,655    
Loans Gross, Before Allowance For Credit Loss 19,729,337 23,189,591 20,504,465  
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount), 2020 21,129      
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount), 2019 13,933 23,661    
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount), 2018 8,671 17,699 20,433  
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount), 2017 6,708 13,843 16,362  
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount), 2016 5,721 12,304 14,747  
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount), 2015   8,564 10,422  
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount), 2014 7,313 5,153 4,992  
Net Unamortized Premium Or Discount, Before Allowance For Credit Loss 63,475 81,224 68,321  
Total Private Education Loans, 2020 3,463,894      
Total Private Education Loans, 2019 4,040,781 4,070,709    
Total Private Education Loans, 2018 2,949,182 4,906,072 3,884,978  
Total Private Education Loans, 2017 2,546,502 4,017,328 4,440,245  
Total Private Education Loans, 2016 2,194,943 3,446,162 3,953,113  
Total Private Education Loans, 2015   2,829,736 3,346,799  
Total Private Education Loans, 2014 and Prior 4,597,510 4,000,808 2,358,599  
Loans, Before Allowance For Credit Loss 19,792,812 23,270,815 20,572,786  
Financing Receivable, Allowance For Credit Loss, Originated In Current Fiscal Year (210,875)      
Private Education Loans allowance for losses, 2019 (298,776) (3,013)    
Private Education Loans allowance for losses, 2018 (218,136) (19,105) (2,670)  
Private Education Loans allowance for losses, 2017 (184,265) (44,858) (15,469)  
Private Education Loans allowance for losses, 2016 (150,150) (71,598) (43,469)  
Financing Receivable, Allowance For Credit Loss, Originated Five Years Before Current Fiscal Year   (80,974) (63,442)  
Private Education Loans allowance for losses, 2014 and prior (293,642) (154,752) (62,852)  
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss (1,355,844) (374,300) (277,943)  
Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Originated In Current Fiscal Year (3,253,019)      
Private Education Loans, net, 2019 3,742,005 4,067,696    
Private Education Loans, net, 2018 2,731,046 4,886,967 3,882,308  
Private Education Loans, net, 2017 2,362,237 3,972,470 4,424,776  
Private Education Loans, net, 2016 2,044,793 3,374,564 3,909,644  
Private Education Loans, net, 2015   2,748,762 3,283,357  
Private Education Loans, net, 2014 and prior 4,303,868 3,846,056 2,295,747  
Loans held for investment (net of allowance for losses of $1,361,723 and $441,912, respectively) 18,436,968 22,896,515 20,294,843  
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Loans delinquent 31-60 days        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 6,400      
2019 16,983 11,152    
2018 26,934 26,096 10,263  
2017 30,771 44,382 22,219  
2016 33,040 51,656 41,788  
2015 and Prior 91,400 54,559 49,762  
2014 and Prior   100,206 43,291  
Total 205,528 288,051 231,216  
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Loans delinquent 61-90 days        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 2,628      
2019 9,143 3,087    
2018 15,026 9,527 3,521  
2017 18,121 17,048 7,227  
2016 19,064 21,161 15,893  
2015 and Prior 55,661 24,562 19,935  
2014 and Prior   45,917 18,561  
Total 119,643 121,302 95,105  
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Loans delinquent greater than 90 days        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 460      
2019 4,642 935    
2018 9,396 3,850 640  
2017 12,939 7,818 3,322  
2016 14,710 12,314 8,042  
2015 and Prior 38,555 12,946 10,549  
2014 and Prior   24,803 10,983  
Total 80,702 62,666 50,830  
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | With cosigner        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 2,915,328      
2019 3,467,219 3,475,256    
2018 2,556,400 4,303,772    
2017 2,262,635 3,575,973    
2016 1,977,952 3,112,873    
2015 and Prior 4,198,748 2,579,214    
2014 and Prior   3,662,547    
Total $ 17,378,282 $ 20,709,635    
Private education loans 88.00% 89.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Without cosigner        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 527,437      
2019 559,629 $ 571,792    
2018 384,111 584,601    
2017 277,159 427,512    
2016 211,270 320,985    
2015 and Prior 391,449 241,958    
2014 and Prior   333,108    
Total $ 2,351,055 $ 2,479,956    
Private education loans 12.00% 11.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Cosigners        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 3,442,765      
2019 4,026,848 $ 4,047,048    
2018 2,940,511 4,888,373    
2017 2,539,794 4,003,485    
2016 2,189,222 3,433,858    
2015 and Prior 4,590,197 2,821,172    
2014 and Prior   3,995,655    
Total $ 19,729,337 $ 23,189,591    
Total in percent 100.00% 100.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | School Type/FICO Scores        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 3,442,765      
2019 4,026,848 $ 4,047,048    
2018 2,940,511 4,888,373    
2017 2,539,794 4,003,485    
2016 2,189,222 3,433,858    
2015 and Prior 4,590,197 2,821,172    
2014 and Prior   3,995,655    
Total $ 19,729,337 $ 23,189,591    
Total in percent 100.00% 100.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | School Type/FICO Scores | FICO score less than 670        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 195,214      
2019 290,711 $ 283,040    
2018 225,276 343,613    
2017 197,948 285,747    
2016 162,413 236,457    
2015 and Prior 369,609 203,145    
2014 and Prior   313,587    
Total $ 1,441,171 $ 1,665,589    
Private Education Loans at origination 7.00% 7.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | School Type/FICO Scores | FICO score 670-699        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 464,785      
2019 594,950 $ 592,376    
2018 441,357 714,779    
2017 407,394 617,676    
2016 351,303 529,575    
2015 and Prior 771,477 439,050    
2014 and Prior   676,569    
Total $ 3,031,266 $ 3,570,025    
Private Education Loans at origination 16.00% 16.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | School Type/FICO Scores | FICO score 700-749        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 1,111,373      
2019 1,310,390 $ 1,319,563    
2018 967,802 1,601,904    
2017 846,983 1,325,387    
2016 740,028 1,155,253    
2015 and Prior 1,533,517 944,135    
2014 and Prior   1,324,506    
Total $ 6,510,093 $ 7,670,748    
Private Education Loans at origination 33.00% 33.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | School Type/FICO Scores | FICO score greater than 750        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 1,671,393      
2019 1,830,797 $ 1,852,069    
2018 1,306,076 2,228,077    
2017 1,087,469 1,774,675    
2016 935,478 1,512,573    
2015 and Prior 1,915,594 1,234,842    
2014 and Prior   1,680,993    
Total $ 8,746,807 $ 10,283,229    
Private Education Loans at origination 44.00% 44.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | School FICO, Refreshed Amounts        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 3,442,765      
2019 4,026,848 $ 4,047,048    
2018 2,940,511 4,888,373    
2017 2,539,794 4,003,485    
2016 2,189,222 3,433,858    
2015 and Prior 4,590,197 2,821,172    
2014 and Prior   3,995,655    
Total $ 19,729,337 $ 23,189,591    
Total in percent 100.00% 100.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | School FICO, Refreshed Amounts | FICO score less than 670        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 240,154      
2019 331,229 $ 401,979    
2018 301,784 515,901    
2017 298,195 475,007    
2016 293,077 449,568    
2015 and Prior 734,599 419,308    
2014 and Prior   717,674    
Total $ 2,199,038 $ 2,979,437    
Private Education Loans at origination 11.00% 13.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | School FICO, Refreshed Amounts | FICO score 670-699        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 438,665      
2019 493,135 $ 582,256    
2018 336,966 645,422    
2017 283,906 497,497    
2016 231,759 397,889    
2015 and Prior 504,779 308,607    
2014 and Prior   451,451    
Total $ 2,289,210 $ 2,883,122    
Private Education Loans at origination 12.00% 13.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | School FICO, Refreshed Amounts | FICO score 700-749        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 1,102,666      
2019 1,248,806 $ 1,284,867    
2018 871,677 1,506,849    
2017 734,222 1,199,564    
2016 603,160 994,309    
2015 and Prior 1,220,468 772,205    
2014 and Prior   1,048,808    
Total $ 5,780,999 $ 6,806,602    
Private Education Loans at origination 29.00% 29.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | School FICO, Refreshed Amounts | FICO score greater than 750        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 1,661,280      
2019 1,953,678 $ 1,777,946    
2018 1,430,084 2,220,201    
2017 1,223,471 1,831,417    
2016 1,061,226 1,592,092    
2015 and Prior 2,130,351 1,321,052    
2014 and Prior   1,777,722    
Total $ 9,460,090 $ 10,520,430    
Private Education Loans at origination 48.00% 45.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Seasoning        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 3,442,765      
2019 4,026,848 $ 4,047,048    
2018 2,940,511 4,888,373    
2017 2,539,794 4,003,485    
2016 2,189,222 3,433,858    
2015 and Prior 4,590,197 2,821,172    
2014 and Prior   3,995,655    
Total $ 19,729,337 $ 23,189,591    
Seasoning based on monthly scheduled payments due from 1-12 payments, in percent 23.00% 23.00%    
Seasoning based on monthly scheduled payments due from 13 - 24 payments, in percent 17.00% 17.00%    
Seasoning based on monthly scheduled payments due from 25 - 36 payments, in percent 12.00% 12.00%    
Seasoning based on monthly scheduled payments due from 37 - 48 payments, in percent 9.00% 10.00%    
Seasoning based on monthly scheduled payments due from more than 48 payments, in percent 15.00% 13.00%    
Seasoning - based on monthly scheduled payments due from not yet in repayment, in percent 24.00% 25.00%    
Total in percent 100.00% 100.00%    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Seasoning | 1-12 payments        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 2,068,517      
2019 600,038 $ 2,376,404    
2018 469,143 719,158    
2017 472,258 705,181    
2016 381,197 617,174    
2015 and Prior 507,343 462,946    
2014 and Prior   470,839    
Total 4,498,496 5,351,702    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Seasoning | 13-24 payments        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 163      
2019 2,096,635 0    
2018 383,977 2,588,702    
2017 223,332 424,953    
2016 217,379 305,078    
2015 and Prior 425,345 285,513    
2014 and Prior   399,905    
Total 3,346,831 4,004,151    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Seasoning | 25-36 payments        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 0      
2019 0 0    
2018 1,353,567 0    
2017 370,250 1,862,587    
2016 181,940 418,048    
2015 and Prior 439,337 227,391    
2014 and Prior   394,339    
Total 2,345,094 2,902,365    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Seasoning | 37-48 payments        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 0      
2019 0 0    
2018 0 0    
2017 965,476 0    
2016 351,433 1,457,760    
2015 and Prior 402,552 413,508    
2014 and Prior   342,676    
Total 1,719,461 2,213,944    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Seasoning | More than 48 payments        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 0      
2019 0 0    
2018 0 0    
2017 0 0    
2016 729,510 0    
2015 and Prior 2,310,905 1,056,229    
2014 and Prior   1,973,795    
Total 3,040,415 3,030,024    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Seasoning | Not yet in repayment        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 1,374,085      
2019 1,330,175 1,670,644    
2018 733,824 1,580,513    
2017 508,478 1,010,764    
2016 327,763 635,798    
2015 and Prior 504,715 375,585    
2014 and Prior   414,101    
Total 4,779,040 5,687,405    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Loans In Forbearance        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2020 16,159      
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2019 92,677      
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2018 110,319   14,543  
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2017 118,946   93,018  
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2016 109,073   127,389  
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2015 and Prior 198,302   133,023  
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2014 and Prior     101,285  
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2013 and Prior     107,906  
Private Education Loans in forbearance, total 645,476   577,164  
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2019   21,009    
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2018   108,509    
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2017   142,341    
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2016   146,114    
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2015 and Prior   127,799    
Private Education Loans in forbearance, total   714,516    
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan | Loans In-School/Grace/Deferment        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 1,374,085      
2019 1,330,175 1,670,644    
2018 733,824 1,580,513 1,602,476  
2017 508,478 1,010,764 1,497,955  
2016 327,763 635,798 975,796  
2015 and Prior 504,715 375,585 589,558  
2014 and Prior   414,101 314,393  
Total 4,779,040 $ 5,687,405 $ 5,260,445  
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan, Borrowers Who Did Not Return To School And Received Extenstion        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
Loans In Repayment, Originated In Current Fiscal Year 609,000      
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan, Borrowers Who Did Not Return To School And Received Extenstion | Loans In Forbearance        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
Total Private Education Loans in forbearance, 2020 30,000      
Consumer Portfolio Segment | Student Loan, Borrowers Who Did Not Return To School And Received Extenstion | Loans In-School/Grace/Deferment        
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]        
2020 $ 401,000