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Allowance for Loan Losses (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Receivables [Abstract]  
Allowance for credit losses and recorded investments in loans
Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics
 Allowance for Loan Losses
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
FFELP
Loans
Private Education
Loans
Personal
Loans
Credit CardsTotal
Allowance for Loan Losses
Beginning balance$1,633  $374,300  $65,877  $102  $441,912  
Day 1 adjustment for the adoption of CECL2,852  1,060,830  79,183  188  1,143,053  
Transfer from unfunded commitment liability—  142,075  —  —  142,075  
Provisions:
Provision for current period37  143,862  25,318  291  169,508  
Loan sale reduction to provision—  (161,793) —  —  (161,793) 
Total provision(1)
37  (17,931) 25,318  291  7,715  
Net charge-offs:
Charge-offs(226) (51,469) (19,247) (7) (70,949) 
Recoveries—  7,976  1,542  —  9,518  
Net charge-offs(226) (43,493) (17,705) (7) (61,431) 
Ending Balance$4,296  $1,515,781  $152,673  $574  $1,673,324  
Allowance:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment$—  $150,822  $—  $—  $150,822  
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment$4,296  $1,364,959  $152,673  $574  $1,522,502  
Loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment$—  $1,518,763  $—  $—  $1,518,763  
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment$766,954  $20,107,984  $899,704  $7,234  $21,781,876  
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)(2)
0.15 %1.05 %7.27 %0.52 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance0.56 %7.01 %16.97 %7.93 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(2)
0.74 %10.11 %16.97 %7.93 %
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)4.75  8.71  2.16  20.50  
Ending total loans, gross$766,954  $21,626,747  $899,704  $7,234  
Average loans in repayment(2)
$600,534  $16,521,356  $973,772  $5,364  
Ending loans in repayment(2)
$581,997  $14,988,345  $899,704  $7,234  
____________
(1) Below is a reconciliation of the provision for credit losses reported in the consolidated statements of income. When a new loan commitment is made, we record the CECL allowance as a liability for unfunded commitments by recording a provision for credit losses. When the loan is funded, we transfer that liability to the allowance for loan losses.

Consolidated Statements of Income
Provisions for Credit Losses Reconciliation
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Provisions for credit losses for new loan commitments made during the quarter$53,543  
Total provision for allowance for loan losses7,715
Provisions for credit losses reported in consolidated statements of income$61,258  


(2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.
 Allowance for Loan Losses
 Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
FFELP
Loans
Private Education
Loans
Personal
Loans
Total
Allowance for Loan Losses
Beginning balance$977  $277,943  $62,201  $341,121  
Total provision1,017  41,883  22,760  65,660  
Net charge-offs:
Charge-offs(234) (39,577) (15,251) (55,062) 
Recoveries—  5,697  909  6,606  
Net charge-offs(234) (33,880) (14,342) (48,456) 
Ending Balance$1,760  $285,946  $70,619  $358,325  
Allowance:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment$—  $132,442  $—  $132,442  
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment$1,760  $153,504  $70,619  $225,883  
Loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment$—  $1,327,668  $—  $1,327,668  
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment$828,640  $20,463,954  $1,162,874  $22,455,468  
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)(1)
0.14 %0.89 %4.88 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance0.21 %1.31 %6.07 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(1)
0.27 %1.87 %6.07 %
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)1.88  2.11  1.23  
Ending total loans, gross$828,640  $21,791,622  $1,162,874  
Average loans in repayment(1)
$650,196  $15,165,072  $1,175,356  
Ending loans in repayment(1)
$641,658  $15,310,560  $1,162,874  
____________
(1) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.
Impaired financing receivables The following table provides the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance for our TDR loans.
Recorded InvestmentUnpaid Principal BalanceAllowance
March 31, 2020
TDR Loans$1,550,600  $1,518,763  $150,822  
December 31, 2019
TDR Loans$1,612,896  $1,581,966  $186,697  
Average recorded investment and interest income recognized for troubled debt restructuring loans
Loans held for investment are summarized as follows:
March 31,December 31,
20202019
Private Education Loans:
Fixed-rate$9,813,075  $9,830,301  
Variable-rate11,813,672  13,359,290  
Total Private Education Loans, gross21,626,747  23,189,591  
Deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)65,267  81,224  
Allowance for loan losses(1,515,781) (374,300) 
Total Private Education Loans, net20,176,233  22,896,515  
FFELP Loans766,954  783,306  
Deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)2,113  2,143  
Allowance for loan losses(4,296) (1,633) 
Total FFELP Loans, net764,771  783,816  
Personal Loans (fixed-rate)899,704  1,049,007  
Deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)413  513  
Allowance for loan losses(152,673) (65,877) 
Total Personal Loans, net747,444  983,643  
Credit Cards (fixed-rate)7,234  3,884  
Deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)743  36  
Allowance for loan losses(574) (102) 
Total Credit Cards, net7,403  3,818  
Loans held for investment, net$21,695,851  $24,667,792  
The average balance and the respective weighted average interest rates of loans in our portfolio are summarized as follows:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
20202019
Average BalanceWeighted Average Interest RateAverage BalanceWeighted Average Interest Rate
Private Education Loans$23,502,844  8.86 %$21,732,826  9.50 %
FFELP Loans776,326  4.29  837,950  4.94  
Personal Loans973,671  12.11  1,176,466  11.81  
Total portfolio$25,252,841  $23,747,242  
The following table provides the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for our TDR loans.
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
20202019
Average
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
Average
Recorded
Investment
Interest
Income
Recognized
TDR Loans$1,615,764  $26,488  $1,312,729  $21,566  
Age analysis of past due loans delinquencies
Private Education Loan Delinquencies by Origination Vintage
December 31, 2019
201920182017201620152014 and PriorTotal
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
$1,670,644  $1,580,513  $1,010,764  $635,798  $375,585  $414,101  $5,687,405  
Loans in forbearance(2)
21,009  108,509  142,341  146,114  127,799  168,744  714,516  
Loans in repayment:
Loans current2,340,221  3,159,878  2,781,132  2,566,815  2,225,721  3,241,884  16,315,651  
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
11,152  26,096  44,382  51,656  54,559  100,206  288,051  
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
3,087  9,527  17,048  21,161  24,562  45,917  121,302  
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
935  3,850  7,818  12,314  12,946  24,803  62,666  
Total Private Education Loans in repayment2,355,395  3,199,351  2,850,380  2,651,946  2,317,788  3,412,810  16,787,670  
Total Private Education Loans, gross4,047,048  4,888,373  4,003,485  3,433,858  2,821,172  3,995,655  23,189,591  
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)23,661  17,699  13,843  12,304  8,564  5,153  81,224  
Total Private Education Loans4,070,709  4,906,072  4,017,328  3,446,162  2,829,736  4,000,808  23,270,815  
Private Education Loans allowance for losses(3,013) (19,105) (44,858) (71,598) (80,974) (154,752) (374,300) 
Private Education Loans, net$4,067,696  $4,886,967  $3,972,470  $3,374,564  $2,748,762  $3,846,056  $22,896,515  
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment58.2 %  65.4 %  71.2 %  77.2 %  82.2 %  85.4 %  72.4 %  
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment0.6 %  1.2 %  2.4 %  3.2 %  4.0 %  5.0 %  2.8 %  
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance0.9 %  3.3 %  4.8 %  5.2 %  5.2 %  4.7 %  4.1 %  

______
(1)Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation).
(2)Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
(3)The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due
Modified loans accounts for troubled debt restructuring
The following table provides the amount of modified loans (which include forbearance and reductions in interest rates) that became TDRs in the periods presented. Additionally, for the periods presented, the table summarizes charge-offs occurring in the TDR portfolio, as well as TDRs for which a payment default occurred in the relevant period presented and within 12 months of the loan first being designated as a TDR. We define payment default as 60 days past due for this disclosure.

Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 2020
Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 2019
Modified Loans(1)
Charge-offsPayment-
Default
Modified Loans(1)
Charge-offsPayment-
Default
TDR Loans$132,815  $19,375  $30,725  $111,208  $16,005  $25,462  

_____
(1)Represents the principal balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR.
Private education loan portfolio stratified by key credit quality indicators The following tables highlights the gross principal balance of our Private Education Loan portfolio, by year of origination, stratified by key credit quality indicators.
Private Education Loans Credit Quality Indicators
March 31, 2020
Year of Origination202020192018201720162015 and PriorTotal% of Balance
Cosigners:
With cosigner$698,291  $4,527,042  $3,311,178  $2,869,295  $2,515,751  $5,295,854  $19,217,411  89 %
Without cosigner126,138  676,071  489,070  353,832  268,799  495,426  2,409,336  11  
Total$824,429  $5,203,113  $3,800,248  $3,223,127  $2,784,550  $5,791,280  $21,626,747  100 %
FICO at Origination:
Less than 670$62,064  $363,345  $274,016  $237,052  $197,390  $446,246  $1,580,113  %
670-699123,512  757,806  555,719  502,930  435,075  955,404  3,330,446  15  
700-749268,388  1,688,114  1,243,712  1,068,091  937,643  1,933,589  7,139,537  33  
Greater than or equal to 750370,465  2,393,848  1,726,801  1,415,054  1,214,442  2,456,041  9,576,651  45  
Total$824,429  $5,203,113  $3,800,248  $3,223,127  $2,784,550  $5,791,280  $21,626,747  100 %
FICO Refreshed:
Less than 670$86,212  $544,160  $442,893  $419,466  $400,833  $1,029,741  $2,923,305  14 %
670-699127,503  735,546  495,808  400,096  324,334  651,732  2,735,019  13  
700-749261,585  1,633,986  1,145,724  952,467  795,350  1,542,487  6,331,599  29  
Greater than or equal to 750349,129  2,289,421  1,715,823  1,451,098  1,264,033  2,567,320  9,636,824  44  
Total$824,429  $5,203,113  $3,800,248  $3,223,127  $2,784,550  $5,791,280  $21,626,747  100 %
Seasoning(2):
1-12 payments$460,330  $2,838,628  $469,314  $529,441  $460,742  $715,809  $5,474,264  25 %
13-24 payments—  255,403  1,979,761  277,499  258,606  580,426  3,351,695  15  
25-36 payments—  —  169,436  1,494,597  268,357  538,209  2,470,599  11  
37-48 payments—  —  —  117,409  1,194,038  568,792  1,880,239   
More than 48 payments—  —  —  —  87,201  2,714,272  2,801,473  13  
Not yet in repayment364,099  2,109,082  1,181,737  804,181  515,606  673,772  5,648,477  27  
Total$824,429  $5,203,113  $3,800,248  $3,223,127  $2,784,550  $5,791,280  $21,626,747  100 %
Current period gross charge-offs$—  $(1,597) $(5,241) $(8,136) $(10,284) $(26,211) $(51,469) 
Current period recoveries—  92  599  1,080  1,505  4,700  7,976  
Current period net charge-offs$—  $(1,505) $(4,642) $(7,056) $(8,779) $(21,511) $(43,493) 
Total accrued interest by origination vintage$9,927  $181,551  $281,619  $279,039  $217,988  $288,627  $1,258,751  
______
(1)Balance represents gross Private Education Loans.
(2)Represents the higher credit score of the cosigner or the borrower.
(3)Represents the FICO score updated as of the first-quarter 2020.
(4)Number of months in active repayment (whether interest only payment, fixed payment, or full principal and interest payment status) for which a scheduled payment was due.
Private Education Loans Credit Quality Indicators
December 31, 2019
Year of Origination201920182017201620152014 and PriorTotal% of Balance
Cosigners:
With cosigner$3,475,256  $4,303,772  $3,575,973  $3,112,873  $2,579,214  $3,662,547  $20,709,635  89 %
Without cosigner571,792  584,601  427,512  320,985  241,958  333,108  2,479,956  11  
Total$4,047,048  $4,888,373  $4,003,485  $3,433,858  $2,821,172  $3,995,655  $23,189,591  100 %
FICO at Origination:
Less than 670$283,040  $343,613  $285,747  $236,457  $203,145  $313,587  $1,665,589  %
670-699592,376  714,779  617,676  529,575  439,050  676,569  3,570,025  16  
700-7491,319,563  1,601,904  1,325,387  1,155,253  944,135  1,324,506  7,670,748  33  
Greater than or equal to 7501,852,069  2,228,077  1,774,675  1,512,573  1,234,842  1,680,993  10,283,229  44  
Total$4,047,048  $4,888,373  $4,003,485  $3,433,858  $2,821,172  $3,995,655  $23,189,591  100 %
FICO Refreshed:
Less than 670$401,979  $515,901  $475,007  $449,568  $419,308  $717,674  $2,979,437  13 %
670-699582,256  645,422  497,497  397,889  308,607  451,451  2,883,122  13  
700-7491,284,867  1,506,849  1,199,564  994,309  772,205  1,048,808  6,806,602  29  
Greater than or equal to 7501,777,946  2,220,201  1,831,417  1,592,092  1,321,052  1,777,722  10,520,430  45  
Total$4,047,048  $4,888,373  $4,003,485  $3,433,858  $2,821,172  $3,995,655  $23,189,591  100 %
Seasoning(2):
1-12 payments$2,376,404  $719,158  $705,181  $617,174  $462,946  $470,839  $5,351,702  23 %
13-24 payments2,588,702424,953305,078285,513399,9054,004,15117  
25-36 payments1,862,587418,048227,391394,3392,902,36512  
37-48 payments1,457,760413,508342,6762,213,94410  
More than 48 payments1,056,2291,973,7953,030,02413  
Not yet in repayment1,670,6441,580,5131,010,764635,798375,585414,1015,687,40525  
Total$4,047,048  $4,888,373  $4,003,485  $3,433,858  $2,821,172  $3,995,655  $23,189,591  100 %
2019 gross charge-offs$(1,697) $(14,650) $(29,119) $(40,576) $(41,141) $(81,795) $(208,978) 
2019 recoveries69  1,016  2,622  4,431  5,175  12,452  25,765  
2019 net charge-offs$(1,628) $(13,634) $(26,497) $(36,145) $(35,966) $(69,343) $(183,213) 
Total accrued interest by origination vintage$116,423  $321,568  $327,002  $261,083  $165,764  $174,318  $1,366,158  

______
(1)Balance represents gross Private Education Loans.
(2)Represents the higher credit score of the cosigner or the borrower.
(3)Represents the FICO score updated as of the fourth-quarter 2019.
(4)Number of months in active repayment (whether interest only payment, fixed payment, or full principal and interest payment status) for which a scheduled payment was due.
The following tables highlights the gross principal balance of our Personal Loan portfolio, by year of origination, stratified by key credit quality indicators.
Personal Loans Credit Quality Indicators
March 31, 2020
Year of Origination
2020(1)
2019(1)
2018(1)
2017(1)
2016(1)
Total(1)
% of
Balance
FICO at Origination:
Less than 670$—  $7,501  $26,745  $5,072  $—  $39,318  %
670-699—  70,479  128,797  21,295  47  220,618  25  
700-74940  195,857  215,424  37,261  456  449,038  50  
Greater than or equal to 750—  91,012  84,726  14,708  284  190,730  21  
Total$40  $364,849  $455,692  $78,336  $787  $899,704  100 %
Seasoning(2):
1-12 payments$40  $331,474  $400  $—  $—  $331,914  37 %
13-24 payments—  33,375  393,608   —  426,989  48  
25-36 payments—  —  61,684  76,924  —  138,608  15  
37-48 payments—  —  —  1,406  787  2,193  —  
More than 48 payments—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Not yet in repayment—  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Total$40  $364,849  $455,692  $78,336  $787  $899,704  100 %
Current period gross charge-offs$—  $(2,885) $(13,758) $(2,563) $(41) $(19,247) 
Current period recoveries—  15  1,127  389  11  1,542  
Current period net charge-offs$—  $(2,870) $(12,631) $(2,174) $(30) $(17,705) 
Total accrued interest by origination vintage$—  $3,161  $3,443  $414  $ $7,021  
______
(1)Balance represents gross Personal Loans.
(2)Number of months in active repayment for which a scheduled payment was due.
Personal Loans Credit Quality Indicators
December 31, 2019
Year of Origination
2019(1)
2018(1)
2017(1)
2016(1)
Total(1)
% of Balance
FICO at Origination:
Less than 670$8,315  $32,021  $7,030  $ $47,367  %
670-69977,746  152,909  28,384  59  259,098  25  
700-749217,642  255,374  48,254  586  521,856  50  
Greater than or equal to 750101,073  100,480  18,795  338  220,686  21  
Total$404,776  $540,784  $102,463  $984  $1,049,007  100 %
Seasoning(2):
1-12 payments$404,776  $65,164  $—  $—  $469,940  45 %
13-24 payments—  475,620  29,698  —  505,318  48  
25-36 payments—  —  72,765  984  73,749   
37-48 payments—  —  —  —  —  —  
More than 48 payments—  —  —  —  —  —  
Not yet in repayment—  —  —  —  —  —  
Total$404,776  $540,784  $102,463  $984  $1,049,007  100 %
2019 gross charge-offs$(2,350) $(58,134) $(13,693) $(136) $(74,313) 
2019 recoveries48  3,397  1,722  39  5,206  
2019 net charge-offs$(2,302) $(54,737) $(11,971) $(97) $(69,107) 
Total accrued interest by origination vintage$3,431  $4,166  $572  $ $8,174  
______
(1)Balance represents gross Personal Loans.
(2)Number of months in active repayment for which a scheduled payment was due.
The following tables provides information regarding the loan status of our Personal Loans, by vintage.



Personal Loan Delinquencies by Origination Vintage
March 31, 2020
20202019201820172016Total% of Balance
Loans in Forbearance$—  $12,380  $7,137  $—  $—  $19,517  
Loans in repayment:
Loans current40  346,123  433,664  76,188  787  856,802  97.4 %
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(1)
—  3,321  7,448  810  —  11,579  1.3  
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(1)
—  991  2,663  701  —  4,355  0.5  
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(1)
—  2,034  4,781  636  —  7,451  0.8  
Total Personal Loans in repayment40  352,469  448,556  78,335  787  880,187  100.0 %
Total Personal Loans, gross40  364,849  455,693  78,335  787  899,704  
Personal Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)—  335  78  —  —  413  
Total Personal Loans40  365,184  455,771  78,335  787  900,117  
Personal Loans allowance for loan losses(6) (51,280) (89,194) (12,110) (83) (152,673) 
Personal Loans, net$34  $313,904  $366,577  $66,225  $704  $747,444  
Delinquencies as a percentage of Personal Loans in repayment— %1.8 %3.3 %2.7 %— %2.6 %

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(1)The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.
Personal Loan Delinquencies by Origination Vintage
December 31, 2019
2019201820172016Total% of Balance
Loans in Forbearance$—  $—  $—  $—  $—  
Loans in repayment:
Loans current400,216  522,778  99,581  942  1,023,517  97.6 %
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(1)
2,164  6,213  1,045  13  9,435  0.9  
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(1)
1,074  5,148  943   7,172  0.7  
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(1)
1,322  6,645  895  21  8,883  0.8  
Total Personal Loans in repayment404,776  540,784  102,464  983  1,049,007  100.0 %
Total Personal Loans, gross404,776  540,784  102,464  983  1,049,007  
Personal Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)380  133  —  —  513  
Total Personal Loans405,156  540,917  102,464  983  1,049,520  
Personal Loans allowance for loan losses(21,589) (37,492) (6,722) (74) (65,877) 
Personal Loans, net$383,567  $503,425  $95,742  $909  $983,643  
Delinquencies as a percentage of Personal Loans in repayment1.1 %3.3 %2.8 %4.2 %2.4 %

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(1)The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.
Accrued interest receivable The following table provides information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The table also discloses the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for uncollectible interest on loans making full interest payments. The majority of the total accrued interest receivable represents accrued interest on deferred loans where no payments are due while the borrower is in school and fixed-pay loans where the borrower makes a $25 monthly payment that is smaller than the interest accruing on the loan in that month. The accrued interest on these loans will be capitalized to the balance of the loans when the borrower exits the grace period after separation from school. The allowance for this portion of interest is included in our loan loss reserve. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due Private Education Loan portfolio for all periods presented.
 Private Education Loans
Accrued Interest Receivable
Total Interest ReceivableGreater Than 90 Days Past DueAllowance for Uncollectible Interest
March 31, 2020$1,258,751  $3,127  $3,479  
December 31, 2019$1,366,158  $2,390  $5,309