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Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements - Additional Information (Detail)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
USD ($)
compensation_plan
shares
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
shares
Jun. 25, 2014
shares
May 24, 2012
shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Number of active stock-based compensation plans | compensation_plan 1        
Stock-based compensation cost $ 31,524,000 $ 27,899,000 $ 22,944,000    
Unrecognized compensation cost $ 12,000,000        
Weighted average period for total unrecognized compensation cost 1 year 3 months 15 days        
Vesting period 3 years        
Options granted in period (in shares) | shares 0 0 0    
Offering period of employee stock purchase plan 12 months        
Maximum contribution amount per employee to ESPP $ 7,500        
SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Shares authorized to be issued under plan (in shares) | shares 20,000,000        
Employee Stock Purchase Plan          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Shares authorized to be issued under plan (in shares) | shares       15,000,000 6,000,000
Unrecognized compensation cost $ 300,000        
Vesting period 1 year        
Percentage of discount available to employees under ESPP 15.00%        
Expected dividend rate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%    
Company's common stock purchased by ESPP participants (in shares) | shares 233,232 283,952 0    
Grants made prior to 2012          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Maximum term for stock options (in years) 10 years        
Grants made in 2012          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Maximum term for stock options (in years) 5 years        
Performance Vesting Stock Options          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Vesting period 3 years        
Restricted Stock          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Unrecognized compensation cost $ 500,000        
Weighted average period for total unrecognized compensation cost 5 months 22 days        
Vesting period 1 year        
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)          
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]          
Vesting period 3 years