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Allowance for Loan Losses
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Receivables [Abstract]  
Allowance for Loan Losses Allowance for Loan Losses
Our provision for credit losses represents the periodic expense of maintaining an allowance sufficient to absorb incurred probable losses in the held-for-investment loan portfolios. The evaluation of the allowance for loan losses is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant changes. We believe the allowance for loan losses is appropriate to cover probable losses incurred in the loan portfolios.

Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics
 
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Private Education
Loans
 
Personal
Loans
 
Total
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
1,073

 
$
261,695

 
$
32,509

 
$
295,277

Total provision
 
259

 
42,482

 
26,155

 
68,896

Net charge-offs:
 


 


 


 


Charge-offs
 
(252
)
 
(34,229
)
 
(5,740
)
 
(40,221
)
Recoveries
 

 
4,736

 
286

 
5,022

Net charge-offs
 
(252
)
 
(29,493
)
 
(5,454
)
 
(35,199
)
Loan sales(1)
 

 

 

 

Ending Balance
 
$
1,080

 
$
274,684

 
$
53,210

 
$
328,974

Allowance:
 

 

 

 

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 
$

 
$
119,643

 
$

 
$
119,643

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
1,080

 
$
155,041

 
$
53,210

 
$
209,331

Loans:
 

 

 

 

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 
$

 
$
1,199,493

 
$

 
$
1,199,493

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
866,786

 
$
19,040,498

 
$
1,133,005

 
$
21,040,289

Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)(2)
 
0.15
%
 
0.88
%
 
2.03
%
 

Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
 
0.12
%
 
1.36
%
 
4.70
%
 

Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(2)
 
0.16
%
 
1.99
%
 
4.70
%
 

Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)
 
1.07

 
2.33

 
2.44

 

Ending total loans, gross
 
$
866,786

 
$
20,239,991

 
$
1,133,005

 

Average loans in repayment(2)
 
$
681,131

 
$
13,351,517

 
$
1,072,624

 

Ending loans in repayment(2)
 
$
679,110

 
$
13,815,415

 
$
1,133,005

 

____________
(1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold.
(2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.


 
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Private Education
Loans
 
Personal
Loans
 
Total
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
1,606

 
$
205,024

 
$
818

 
$
207,448

Total provision
 
(73
)
 
53,120

 
800

 
53,847

Net charge-offs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charge-offs
 
(181
)
 
(34,280
)
 
(220
)
 
(34,681
)
Recoveries
 

 
4,560

 
2

 
4,562

Net charge-offs
 
(181
)
 
(29,720
)
 
(218
)
 
(30,119
)
Loan sales(1)
 

 
(1,257
)
 

 
(1,257
)
Ending Balance
 
$
1,352

 
$
227,167

 
$
1,400

 
$
229,919

Allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 
$

 
$
100,999

 
$

 
$
100,999

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
1,352

 
$
126,168

 
$
1,400

 
$
128,920

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 
$

 
$
942,561

 
$

 
$
942,561

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
949,180

 
$
16,190,346

 
$
132,100

 
$
17,271,626

Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)(2)
 
0.10
%
 
1.08
%
 
0.96
%
 
 
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
 
0.14
%
 
1.33
%
 
1.06
%
 
 
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(2)
 
0.20
%
 
1.99
%
 
1.06
%
 
 
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)
 
1.87

 
1.91

 
1.60

 
 
Ending total loans, gross
 
$
949,180

 
$
17,132,907

 
$
132,100

 
 
Average loans in repayment(2)
 
$
734,613

 
$
10,971,028

 
$
90,850

 
 
Ending loans in repayment(2)
 
$
690,849

 
$
11,406,581

 
$
132,100

 
 
____________
(1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold.
(2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.

     
 
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Private Education
Loans
 
Personal
Loans
 
Total
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
1,132

 
$
243,715

 
$
6,628

 
$
251,475

Total provision
 
742

 
130,616

 
55,981

 
187,339

Net charge-offs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charge-offs
 
(794
)
 
(113,852
)
 
(9,812
)
 
(124,458
)
Recoveries
 

 
15,421

 
413

 
15,834

Net charge-offs
 
(794
)
 
(98,431
)
 
(9,399
)
 
(108,624
)
Loan sales(1)
 

 
(1,216
)
 

 
(1,216
)
Ending Balance
 
$
1,080

 
$
274,684

 
$
53,210

 
$
328,974

Allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 
$

 
$
119,643

 
$

 
$
119,643

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
1,080

 
$
155,041

 
$
53,210

 
$
209,331

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 
$

 
$
1,199,493

 
$

 
$
1,199,493

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
866,786

 
$
19,040,498

 
$
1,133,005

 
$
21,040,289

Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)(2)
 
0.15
%
 
1.01
%
 
1.56
%
 
 
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
 
0.12
%
 
1.36
%
 
4.70
%
 
 
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(2)
 
0.16
%
 
1.99
%
 
4.70
%
 
 
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)
 
1.02

 
2.09

 
4.25

 
 
Ending total loans, gross
 
$
866,786

 
$
20,239,991

 
$
1,133,005

 
 
Average loans in repayment(2)
 
$
700,679

 
$
13,009,704

 
$
803,928

 
 
Ending loans in repayment(2)
 
$
679,110

 
$
13,815,415

 
$
1,133,005

 
 
____________
(1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold.
(2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.











 
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
FFELP
Loans
 
Private Education
Loans
 
Personal
Loans
 
Total
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
2,171

 
$
182,472

 
$
58

 
$
184,701

Total provision
 
(161
)
 
129,105

 
1,580

 
130,524

Net charge-offs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charge-offs
 
(658
)
 
(93,235
)
 
(240
)
 
(94,133
)
Recoveries
 

 
12,216

 
2

 
12,218

Net charge-offs
 
(658
)
 
(81,019
)
 
(238
)
 
(81,915
)
Loan sales(1)
 

 
(3,391
)
 

 
(3,391
)
Ending Balance
 
$
1,352

 
$
227,167

 
$
1,400

 
$
229,919

Allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 
$

 
$
100,999

 
$

 
$
100,999

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
1,352

 
$
126,168

 
$
1,400

 
$
128,920

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
 
$

 
$
942,561

 
$

 
$
942,561

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
949,180

 
$
16,190,346

 
$
132,100

 
$
17,271,626

Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)(2)
 
0.12
%
 
1.02
%
 
0.51
%
 
 
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
 
0.14
%
 
1.33
%
 
1.06
%
 
 
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment(2)
 
0.20
%
 
1.99
%
 
1.06
%
 
 
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)
 
1.54

 
2.10

 
4.41

 
 
Ending total loans, gross
 
$
949,180

 
$
17,132,907

 
$
132,100

 
 
Average loans in repayment(2)
 
$
752,990

 
$
10,589,725

 
$
62,747

 
 
Ending loans in repayment(2)
 
$
690,849

 
$
11,406,581

 
$
132,100

 
 
____________
(1) Represents fair value adjustments on loans sold.
(2) Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.

    

Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”)
All of our loans are collectively assessed for impairment, except for loans classified as TDRs (where we conduct individual assessments of impairment). We modify the terms of loans for certain borrowers when we believe such modifications will increase the collectability of the loan. These modifications generally take the form of a forbearance, a temporary interest rate reduction or an extended repayment plan. The majority of our loans that are considered TDRs involve a temporary forbearance of payments and do not change the contractual interest rate of the loan. When we give a borrower facing financial difficulty an interest rate reduction, we temporarily reduce the rate to 2.0 percent for a two-year period and, in the vast majority of cases, permanently extend the final maturity of the loan. The combination of these two loan term changes helps reduce the monthly payment due from the borrower and increases the likelihood the borrower will remain current during the interest rate modification period as well as when the loan returns to its original contractual interest rate. At September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, 7.4 percent and 5.2 percent, respectively, of our loans then currently in full principal and interest repayment status were subject to interest rate reductions made under our rate modification program. Once a loan qualifies for TDR status, it remains a TDR for allowance purposes for the remainder of its life. As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, approximately 58 percent and 66 percent, respectively, of TDRs were classified as such due to their forbearance status. For additional information, see Note 6, “Allowance for Loan Losses” in our 2017 Form 10-K.
Within the Private Education Loan portfolio, loans greater than 90 days past due are considered to be nonperforming. FFELP Loans are at least 97 percent guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest by the federal government in the event of default and, therefore, we do not deem FFELP Loans as nonperforming from a credit risk perspective at any point in their life cycle prior to claim payment and continue to accrue interest on those loans through the date of claim.
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all TDR loans had a related allowance recorded. The following table provides the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance for our TDR loans.
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
TDR Loans
 
$
1,220,233

 
$
1,199,493

 
$
119,643

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
TDR Loans
 
$
1,007,141

 
$
990,351

 
$
94,682



The following table provides the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for our TDR loans.
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TDR Loans
 
$
1,180,206

 
$
19,943

 
$
877,011

 
$
16,517



    
 
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TDR Loans
 
$
1,106,946

 
$
56,509

 
$
772,362

 
$
43,084




The following table provides information regarding the loan status and aging of TDR loans.

 
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
Balance
 
%
 
Balance
 
%
TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment(1)
 
$
68,848

 
 
 
$
51,745

 
 
TDR loans in forbearance(2)
 
73,403

 
 
 
69,652

 
 
TDR loans in repayment(3) and percentage of each status:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans current
 
954,309

 
90.3
%
 
774,222

 
89.1
%
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(4)
 
51,979

 
4.9

 
48,377

 
5.6

Loans delinquent 61-90 days(4)
 
31,582

 
3.0

 
28,778

 
3.3

Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(4)
 
19,372

 
1.8

 
17,577

 
2.0

Total TDR loans in repayment
 
1,057,242

 
100.0
%
 
868,954

 
100.0
%
Total TDR loans, gross
 
$
1,199,493

 
 
 
$
990,351

 
 
_____
(1) 
Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation).
(2) 
Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
(3) 
Loans in repayment include loans on which borrowers are making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.
(4) 
The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.


The following table provides the amount of modified loans (which include forbearance and reductions in interest rates) that became TDRs in the periods presented. Additionally, for the periods presented, the table summarizes charge-offs occurring in the TDR portfolio, as well as TDRs for which a payment default occurred in the relevant period presented and within 12 months of the loan first being designated as a TDR. We define payment default as more than 60 days past due for this disclosure.

 
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30, 2018
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30, 2017
 
 
Modified Loans(1)
 
Charge-offs
 
Payment-
Default
 
Modified Loans(1)
 
Charge-offs
 
Payment-
Default
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TDR Loans
 
$
101,117

 
$
11,090

 
$
20,595

 
$
168,645

 
$
12,227

 
$
28,275



 
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30, 2018
 
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30, 2017
 
 
Modified Loans(1)
 
Charge-offs
 
Payment-
Default
 
Modified Loans(1)
 
Charge-offs
 
Payment-
Default
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TDR Loans
 
$
301,769

 
$
39,315

 
$
68,430

 
$
415,341

 
$
34,965

 
$
77,248

_____
(1) 
Represents the principal balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR.



Private Education Loan Key Credit Quality Indicators
FFELP Loans are at least 97 percent insured and guaranteed as to their principal and accrued interest in the event of default; therefore, there are no key credit quality indicators associated with FFELP Loans.
For Private Education Loans, the key credit quality indicators are FICO scores, the existence of a cosigner, the loan status and loan seasoning. The FICO scores are assessed at original approval and periodically refreshed/updated through the loan’s term. The following table highlights the gross principal balance of our Private Education Loan portfolio stratified by key credit quality indicators.

 
 
Private Education Loans
 
 
Credit Quality Indicators
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Credit Quality Indicators:
 
Balance(1)
 
% of Balance
 
Balance(1)
 
% of Balance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cosigners:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With cosigner
 
$
18,147,180

 
90
%
 
$
15,658,539

 
90
%
Without cosigner
 
2,092,811

 
10

 
1,773,628

 
10

Total
 
$
20,239,991

 
100
%
 
$
17,432,167

 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FICO at Original Approval(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 670
 
$
1,373,155

 
7
%
 
$
1,153,591

 
6
%
670-699
 
3,042,228

 
15

 
2,596,959

 
15

700-749
 
6,655,405

 
33

 
5,714,554

 
33

Greater than or equal to 750
 
9,169,203

 
45

 
7,967,063

 
46

Total
 
$
20,239,991

 
100
%
 
$
17,432,167

 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Seasoning(3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1-12 payments
 
$
5,419,487

 
27
%
 
$
4,256,592

 
24
%
13-24 payments
 
3,238,910

 
16

 
3,229,465

 
19

25-36 payments
 
2,533,308

 
13

 
2,429,238

 
14

37-48 payments
 
1,638,309

 
8

 
1,502,327

 
9

More than 48 payments
 
1,473,944

 
7

 
1,256,813

 
7

Not yet in repayment
 
5,936,033

 
29

 
4,757,732

 
27

Total
 
$
20,239,991

 
100
%
 
$
17,432,167

 
100
%

(1) 
Balance represents gross Private Education Loans.
(2) 
Represents the higher credit score of the cosigner or the borrower.
(3) 
Number of months in active repayment (whether interest only payment, fixed payment, or full principal and interest payment status) for which a scheduled payment was due.

 The following table provides information regarding the loan status of our Private Education Loans. Loans in repayment include loans making interest only or fixed payments, as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.

 
 
Private Education Loans
 
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
Balance
 
%
 
Balance
 
%
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
 
$
5,936,033

 
 
 
$
4,757,732

 
 
Loans in forbearance(2)
 
488,543

 
 
 
468,402

 
 
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans current
 
13,492,029

 
97.7
%
 
11,911,128

 
97.6
%
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
 
198,987

 
1.4

 
179,002

 
1.5

Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
 
82,358

 
0.6

 
78,292

 
0.6

Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
 
42,041

 
0.3

 
37,611

 
0.3

Total Private Education Loans in repayment
 
13,815,415

 
100.0
%
 
12,206,033

 
100.0
%
Total Private Education Loans, gross
 
20,239,991

 
 
 
17,432,167

 
 
Private Education Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)
 
65,499

 
 
 
56,378

 
 
Total Private Education Loans
 
20,305,490

 
 
 
17,488,545

 
 
Private Education Loans allowance for losses
 
(274,684
)
 
 
 
(243,715
)
 
 
Private Education Loans, net
 
$
20,030,806

 
 
 
$
17,244,830

 
 
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
 
 
 
68.3
%
 
 
 
70.0
%
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
 
 
 
2.3
%
 
 
 
2.4
%
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment and forbearance
 
 
 
3.4
%
 
 
 
3.7
%
(1) 
Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans (e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation).
(2) 
Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
(3) 
The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

Personal Loan Key Credit Quality Indicators
For Personal Loans, the key credit quality indicators are FICO scores, loan seasoning and loan status. The FICO scores are assessed at original approval and periodically refreshed/updated through the loan’s term. The following table highlights the gross principal balance of our Personal Loan portfolio stratified by key credit quality indicators.

 
 
Personal Loans
 
 
Credit Quality Indicators
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Credit Quality Indicators:
 
Balance(1)
 
% of Balance
 
Balance(1)
 
% of Balance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FICO at Original Approval:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less than 670
 
$
79,769

 
7
%
 
$
32,156

 
8
%
670-699
 
327,364

 
29

 
114,731

 
29

700-749
 
520,370

 
46

 
182,025

 
45

Greater than or equal to 750
 
205,502

 
18

 
71,368

 
18

Total
 
$
1,133,005

 
100
%
 
$
400,280

 
100
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Seasoning(2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0-12 payments
 
$
1,084,706

 
96
%
 
$
400,280

 
100
%
13-24 payments
 
48,299

 
4

 

 

25-36 payments
 

 

 

 

37-48 payments
 

 

 

 

More than 48 payments
 

 

 

 

Total
 
$
1,133,005

 
100
%
 
$
400,280

 
100
%
(1) 
Balance represents gross Personal Loans.
(2) 
Number of months in active repayment for which a scheduled payment was due.

















The following table provides information regarding the loan status of our Personal Loans.


 
 
Personal Loans
 
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
Balance
 
%
 
Balance
 
%
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans current
 
$
1,123,597

 
99.2
%
 
$
398,988

 
99.7
%
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(1)
 
4,321

 
0.4

 
761

 
0.2

Loans delinquent 61-90 days(1)
 
2,804

 
0.2

 
340

 
0.1

Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(1)
 
2,283

 
0.2

 
191

 

Total Personal Loans in repayment
 
1,133,005

 
100.0
%
 
400,280

 
100.0
%
Total Personal Loans, gross
 
1,133,005

 
 
 
400,280

 
 
Personal Loans deferred origination costs and unamortized premium/(discount)
 
164

 
 
 

 
 
Total Personal Loans
 
1,133,169

 
 
 
400,280

 
 
Personal Loans allowance for losses
 
(53,210
)
 
 
 
(6,628
)
 
 
Personal Loans, net
 
$
1,079,959

 
 
 
$
393,652

 
 
Delinquencies as a percentage of Personal Loans in repayment
 
 
 
0.8
%
 
 
 
0.3
%
_______
(1) 
The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.


 Accrued Interest Receivable
The following table provides information regarding accrued interest receivable on our Private Education Loans. The table also discloses the amount of accrued interest on loans greater than 90 days past due as compared to our allowance for uncollectible interest. The allowance for uncollectible interest exceeds the amount of accrued interest on our 90 days past due Private Education Loan portfolio for all periods presented.
 
 
Private Education Loans
 
 
Accrued Interest Receivable
 
 
Total Interest Receivable
 
Greater Than 90 Days Past Due
 
Allowance for Uncollectible Interest
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
$
1,250,288

 
$
1,594

 
$
6,462

December 31, 2017
 
$
951,138

 
$
1,372

 
$
4,664