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Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements - Additional Information (Detail)
12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2014
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
compensation_plan
shares
Dec. 31, 2014
USD ($)
shares
Dec. 31, 2013
USD ($)
shares
Jun. 25, 2014
shares
May. 24, 2012
shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Number of active stock-based compensation plans | compensation_plan   1        
Incremental expense on vested awards $ 100,000          
Incremental expense on unvested equity awards $ 600,000          
Stock-based compensation cost   $ 21,598,000 $ 24,971,000 $ 15,681,000    
Unrecognized compensation cost   $ 14,400,000        
Weighted average period for total unrecognized compensation cost   1 year 9 months 15 days        
Vesting period   3 years        
Options granted in period (in shares) | shares   0        
Offering period of employee stock purchase plan   12 months        
Maximum contribution amount per employee to ESPP   $ 7,500        
SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan            
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Shares authorized to be issued under plan | shares   29,000,000        
Grants made in 2012            
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Maximum term for stock options (in years)   5 years        
Grants made prior to 2012            
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Maximum term for stock options (in years)   10 years        
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)            
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Vesting period   3 years        
Performance Vesting Stock Options            
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Vesting period   3 years        
Performance Vesting Stock Options | Tranche 1            
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Vesting percentage per year of performance-vested options granted to management   33.33%        
Performance Vesting Stock Options | Tranche 2            
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Vesting percentage per year of performance-vested options granted to management   33.33%        
Performance Vesting Stock Options | Tranche 3            
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Vesting percentage per year of performance-vested options granted to management   33.33%        
Restricted Stock            
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Unrecognized compensation cost   $ 400,000        
Weighted average period for total unrecognized compensation cost   6 months        
Vesting period   3 years        
Employee Stock Purchase Plan            
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]            
Shares authorized to be issued under plan | shares         15,000,000 6,000,000
Unrecognized compensation cost   $ 200,000        
Vesting period   1 year        
Percentage of discount available to employees under ESPP   15.00%        
Expected dividend rate   0.00% 0.00% 3.51%    
Company's common stock purchased by ESPP participants | shares   163,136 0 47,176