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Allowance for Loan Losses - Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investments in Loans (Detail) (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Mar. 31, 2014
Allowance for Loan Losses    
Beginning balance $ 83,842us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance $ 68,081us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance
Total provision 16,618us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses 39,159us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses
Charge-offs (9,861)us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs (643)us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs [1]
Recoveries 1,387us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRecoveries  
Net charge-offs (8,474)us-gaap_AllowanceForLoanAndLeaseLossesWriteoffsNet  
Loan sales (2,181)us-gaap_AllowanceForLoanAndLeaseLossesLoansSold [2] (28,963)us-gaap_AllowanceForLoanAndLeaseLossesLoansSold [2]
Ending Balance 89,805us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance 77,634us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance
Allowance:    
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 20,105us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment1 0us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment1
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 69,700us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment 77,634us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment
Loans:    
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 122,120us-gaap_FinancingReceivableIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment 0us-gaap_FinancingReceivableIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 10,855,618us-gaap_FinancingReceivableCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment 8,671,494us-gaap_FinancingReceivableCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment
FFELP Loans    
Allowance for Loan Losses    
Beginning balance 5,268us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
6,318us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
Total provision 435us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
506us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
Charge-offs (1,134)us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
(643)us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[1]
Recoveries 0us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRecoveries
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
 
Net charge-offs (1,134)us-gaap_AllowanceForLoanAndLeaseLossesWriteoffsNet
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
 
Loan sales 0us-gaap_AllowanceForLoanAndLeaseLossesLoansSold
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[2] 0us-gaap_AllowanceForLoanAndLeaseLossesLoansSold
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[2]
Ending Balance 4,569us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
6,181us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
Allowance:    
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 0us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment1
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
0us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment1
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 4,569us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
6,181us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
Loans:    
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 0us-gaap_FinancingReceivableIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
0us-gaap_FinancingReceivableIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 1,208,977us-gaap_FinancingReceivableCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
1,396,776us-gaap_FinancingReceivableCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) 0.50%slm_ChargeOffsAsPercentageOfAverageLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[3] 0.25%slm_ChargeOffsAsPercentageOfAverageLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[3]
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.38%slm_AllowanceAsPercentageOfEndingLoanBalance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
0.44%slm_AllowanceAsPercentageOfEndingLoanBalance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment 0.52%slm_AllowanceAsPercentageOfEndingLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[3] 0.62%slm_AllowanceAsPercentageOfEndingLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[3]
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 1.01slm_AnnualizedAllowanceOnPrivateEducationLoanCoverageOfChargeOffs
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
2.40slm_AnnualizedAllowanceOnPrivateEducationLoanCoverageOfChargeOffs
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
Ending total loans, gross 1,208,977slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsEndingLoans
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
1,396,776slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsEndingLoans
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
Average loans in repayment 898,360slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsAverageLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[3] 1,023,329slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsAverageLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[3]
Ending loans in repayment 872,579slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsEndingLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[3] 997,538slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsEndingLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansMember
[3]
Private Education Loans    
Allowance for Loan Losses    
Beginning balance 78,574us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
61,763us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
Total provision 16,183us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
38,653us-gaap_ProvisionForLoanLeaseAndOtherLosses
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
Charge-offs (8,727)us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
0us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableWriteOffs
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[1]
Recoveries 1,387us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableRecoveries
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
 
Net charge-offs (7,340)us-gaap_AllowanceForLoanAndLeaseLossesWriteoffsNet
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
 
Loan sales (2,181)us-gaap_AllowanceForLoanAndLeaseLossesLoansSold
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[2] (28,963)us-gaap_AllowanceForLoanAndLeaseLossesLoansSold
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[2]
Ending Balance 85,236us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
71,453us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableAllowance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
Allowance:    
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 20,105us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment1
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
0us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment1
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 65,131us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
71,453us-gaap_FinancingReceivableAllowanceForCreditLossesCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
Loans:    
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 122,120us-gaap_FinancingReceivableIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
0us-gaap_FinancingReceivableIndividuallyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 9,646,641us-gaap_FinancingReceivableCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
7,274,718us-gaap_FinancingReceivableCollectivelyEvaluatedForImpairment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) 0.51%slm_ChargeOffsAsPercentageOfAverageLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[3] 0.00%slm_ChargeOffsAsPercentageOfAverageLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[3]
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance 0.87%slm_AllowanceAsPercentageOfEndingLoanBalance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
0.98%slm_AllowanceAsPercentageOfEndingLoanBalance
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment 1.42%slm_AllowanceAsPercentageOfEndingLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[3] 1.67%slm_AllowanceAsPercentageOfEndingLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[3]
Allowance coverage of net charge-offs (annualized) 2.90slm_AnnualizedAllowanceOnPrivateEducationLoanCoverageOfChargeOffs
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
0.00slm_AnnualizedAllowanceOnPrivateEducationLoanCoverageOfChargeOffs
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
Ending total loans, gross 9,768,761slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsEndingLoans
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
7,274,718slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsEndingLoans
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
Average loans in repayment 5,705,067slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsAverageLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[3] 4,329,157slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsAverageLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[3]
Ending loans in repayment $ 5,995,121slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsEndingLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[3] $ 4,278,969slm_AllowanceCoverageOfChargeOffsEndingLoansInRepayment
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivablesByIndustryOfCounterpartyTypeAxis
= slm_PrivateEducationLoansMember
[3]
[1] Prior to the Spin-Off, Private Education Loans were sold to an entity that is now a subsidiary of Navient prior to being charged-off.
[2] Represents fair value write-downs on loans sold.
[3] Loans in repayment includes in-school loans making interest only and fixed payments as well as loans that have entered full principal and interest repayment status after any applicable grace period.