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Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Arrangements - Additional Information (Detail) (USD $)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
compensation_plan
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Number of active stock-based compensation plans 1slm_NumberofCompensationPlans    
Incremental expense on vested awards $ 64,000slm_Incrementalexpenseonvestedawards    
Incremental expense on unvested equity awards 630,000slm_Incrementalexpenseonunvestedequityawards    
Stock-based compensation cost 24,971,000us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation 15,681,000us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation 19,102,000us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation
Weighted average period for total unrecognized compensation cost 2 years 2 months 18 days    
Vesting period 3 years    
Unrecognized compensation cost 15,174,000us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized    
Offering period of employee stock purchase plan 12 months    
Maximum contribution amount per employee to ESPP 7,500slm_MaximumContributionAmountPerEmployeeToEspp    
SLM Corporation 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Shares authorized to be issued under plan 32,000,000us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
/ us-gaap_MultiemployerPlanNameAxis
= slm_IncentivePlanMember
   
Employee Stock Purchase Plan      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Shares authorized to be issued under plan 15,000,000us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= slm_EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember
6,000,000us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= slm_EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember
 
Unrecognized compensation cost 118,000us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= slm_EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember
   
Percentage of discount available to employees under ESPP 15.00%us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDiscountFromMarketPriceOfferingDate
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= slm_EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember
   
Grants made prior to 2012      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Maximum term for stock options (in years) 10 years    
Grants made in 2012      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Maximum term for stock options (in years) 5 years    
Restricted Stock      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Weighted average period for total unrecognized compensation cost 6 months 0 days    
Unrecognized compensation cost $ 188,000us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember
   
Restricted Stock Units, RSUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Vesting period 3 years    
Performance Stock Units, PSUs      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Vesting period 3 years    
Employee Stock [Member]      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Shares of the Company's common stock purchased by ESPP participants 0us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardSharesPurchasedForAward
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember
47,176us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardSharesPurchasedForAward
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember
34,729us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardSharesPurchasedForAward
/ us-gaap_PlanNameAxis
= us-gaap_EmployeeStockMember
Performance Vesting Stock Options [Member]      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Vesting period 3 years    
Performance Vesting Stock Options [Member] | Tranche 1      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Vesting percentage per year of performance-vested options granted to management 33.33%us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage
/ us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis
= slm_PerformanceVestingStockOptionsMember
/ us-gaap_VestingAxis
= us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheOneMember
   
Performance Vesting Stock Options [Member] | Tranche 2      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Vesting percentage per year of performance-vested options granted to management 33.33%us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage
/ us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis
= slm_PerformanceVestingStockOptionsMember
/ us-gaap_VestingAxis
= us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheTwoMember
   
Performance Vesting Stock Options [Member] | Tranche 3      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Vesting percentage per year of performance-vested options granted to management 33.33%us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingRightsPercentage
/ us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis
= slm_PerformanceVestingStockOptionsMember
/ us-gaap_VestingAxis
= us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationAwardTrancheThreeMember