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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (USD $)
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Operating activities      
Net income (loss) $ 193,785us-gaap_ProfitLoss $ 257,593us-gaap_ProfitLoss $ 215,726us-gaap_ProfitLoss
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:      
Provisions for loan losses 85,529us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts 69,339us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts 66,116us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts
Valuation allowance on loans held for sale 0slm_Valuationallowanceonloansheldforsale 0slm_Valuationallowanceonloansheldforsale 275slm_Valuationallowanceonloansheldforsale
Deferred tax (benefit) provision (40,888)us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit 14,567us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit (11,015)us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
Amortization of FDIC fees 0slm_AmortizationofFDICfees 1,046slm_AmortizationofFDICfees 3,897slm_AmortizationofFDICfees
Amortization of brokered deposit placement fee 10,164slm_Amortizationofbrokereddepositplacement 9,754slm_Amortizationofbrokereddepositplacement 8,416slm_Amortizationofbrokereddepositplacement
Amortization of deferred loan origination costs and fees, net 1,995us-gaap_AmortizationOfDeferredLoanOriginationFeesNet 2,199us-gaap_AmortizationOfDeferredLoanOriginationFeesNet 5,337us-gaap_AmortizationOfDeferredLoanOriginationFeesNet
Net accretion of discount on investments 633us-gaap_AccretionOfDiscount (7,187)us-gaap_AccretionOfDiscount (10,058)us-gaap_AccretionOfDiscount
Depreciation of premises and equipment 6,099us-gaap_Depreciation 5,059us-gaap_Depreciation 6,837us-gaap_Depreciation
Amortization and impairment of acquired intangibles 3,290us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets 3,317us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets 13,125us-gaap_AmortizationOfIntangibleAssets
Stock-based compensation expense 24,971us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation 15,681us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation 19,102us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation
Interest rate swap 1,214us-gaap_UnrealizedGainLossOnDerivatives (324)us-gaap_UnrealizedGainLossOnDerivatives 5,411us-gaap_UnrealizedGainLossOnDerivatives
Gains on sales of loans held for sale 0us-gaap_GainLossOnSalesOfLoansNet 0us-gaap_GainLossOnSalesOfLoansNet (167)us-gaap_GainLossOnSalesOfLoansNet
Gains on sale of securities 0us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfSecuritiesNet (63,813)us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfSecuritiesNet (129)us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfSecuritiesNet
Gains on sales of loans, net (121,359)us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableGainLossOnSalesNet (196,593)us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableGainLossOnSalesNet (235,202)us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableGainLossOnSalesNet
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Net decrease in loans held for sale 6,519slm_NetIncreaseDecreaseinLoansHeldforSale 3,628slm_NetIncreaseDecreaseinLoansHeldforSale 61,275slm_NetIncreaseDecreaseinLoansHeldforSale
Origination of loans held for sale (6,519)slm_Originationofloansheldforsale (3,628)slm_Originationofloansheldforsale (61,275)slm_Originationofloansheldforsale
Increase in accrued interest receivable (331,014)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedInterestReceivableNet (281,856)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedInterestReceivableNet (168,146)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedInterestReceivableNet
(Increase) decrease in other interest-earning assets (72,928)us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInterestEarningAssets 97us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInterestEarningAssets 158us-gaap_PaymentsForProceedsFromOtherInterestEarningAssets
Decrease in tax indemnification receivable 38,820us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable 0us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable 0us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInIncomeTaxesReceivable
Increase in other assets (24,959)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets (2,357)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets (7,008)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingAssets
(Decrease) increase in income tax payable (221,222)slm_IncreaseDecreaseinincometaxpayabletorelatedparty 56,784slm_IncreaseDecreaseinincometaxpayabletorelatedparty 88,803slm_IncreaseDecreaseinincometaxpayabletorelatedparty
Increase in accrued interest payable 2,985us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInterestPayableNet 239us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInterestPayableNet 2,095us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInterestPayableNet
Increase in payable due to entity that is a subsidiary of Navient 8,764us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties 147,379us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties 96,591us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInDueToRelatedParties
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities (2,652)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingLiabilities 39,096us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingLiabilities (614)us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingLiabilities
Total adjustments (630,558)us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities (187,573)us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities (116,176)us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
Total net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (436,773)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities 70,020us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities 99,550us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
Investing activities      
Student loans acquired and originated (4,094,790)slm_StudentLoansacquiredandoriginated (4,387,093)slm_StudentLoansacquiredandoriginated (4,251,595)slm_StudentLoansacquiredandoriginated
Net proceeds from sales of student loans held for investment 2,001,625slm_Netproceedsfromsalesofstudentloansheldforinvestment 2,546,940slm_Netproceedsfromsalesofstudentloansheldforinvestment 2,789,822slm_Netproceedsfromsalesofstudentloansheldforinvestment
Proceeds from claim payments 127,869slm_ProceedsfromClaimpayments 82,615slm_ProceedsfromClaimpayments 4,219slm_ProceedsfromClaimpayments
Net decrease in loans held for investment 638,321slm_Netincreasedecreaseinloansheldforinvestment 490,791slm_Netincreasedecreaseinloansheldforinvestment 460,216slm_Netincreasedecreaseinloansheldforinvestment
Purchases of available-for-sale securities (72,049)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities (62,097)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities (33,053)us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireAvailableForSaleSecurities
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities 10,653us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities 597,728us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities 27,017us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities
Total net cash used in investing activities (1,388,371)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities (731,116)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities (1,003,374)us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities
Financing activities      
Brokered deposit placement fee (15,098)slm_Cashpaidforbrokereddepositplacementfee (12,114)slm_Cashpaidforbrokereddepositplacementfee (16,484)slm_Cashpaidforbrokereddepositplacementfee
Net increase in certificates of deposit 340,225slm_Netincreasedecreaseinbrokeredcertificatesofdeposit 535,456slm_Netincreasedecreaseinbrokeredcertificatesofdeposit 395,304slm_Netincreasedecreaseinbrokeredcertificatesofdeposit
Net increase in other deposits 1,207,487slm_NetincreaseinMMDAdeposits 1,126,673slm_NetincreaseinMMDAdeposits 1,109,886slm_NetincreaseinMMDAdeposits
Net decrease in deposits with entity that is a subsidiary of Navient (5,633)slm_NetIncreaseDecreaseinDepositswithRelatedParties (126,923)slm_NetIncreaseDecreaseinDepositswithRelatedParties (12,166)slm_NetIncreaseDecreaseinDepositswithRelatedParties
Special cash contribution from Navient 472,718slm_SpecialCashContributionFromSpinOff 0slm_SpecialCashContributionFromSpinOff 0slm_SpecialCashContributionFromSpinOff
Net capital contributions from entity that is a subsidiary of Navient 12,022slm_Capitalcontributionstofromrelatedparty (164,471)slm_Capitalcontributionstofromrelatedparty (20,419)slm_Capitalcontributionstofromrelatedparty
Excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock-based awards 3,271us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationFinancingActivities 6,258us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationFinancingActivities 891us-gaap_ExcessTaxBenefitFromShareBasedCompensationFinancingActivities
Preferred stock dividends paid (12,933)us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends 0us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends 0us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividends
Dividend paid to entity that is a subsidiary of Navient 0slm_Cashdividendpaidtoparent (120,000)slm_Cashdividendpaidtoparent (420,000)slm_Cashdividendpaidtoparent
Net cash provided by financing activities 2,002,059us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities 1,244,879us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities 1,037,012us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 176,915us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease 583,783us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease 133,188us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecrease
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 2,182,865us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue 1,599,082us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue 1,465,894us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 2,359,780us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue 2,182,865us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue 1,599,082us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
Cash disbursements made for:      
Interest 90,329us-gaap_InterestPaid 76,901us-gaap_InterestPaid 75,250us-gaap_InterestPaid
Income taxes paid 401,834us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid 81,194us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid 47,378us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaid
Income taxes cash received $ (3,015)us-gaap_ProceedsFromIncomeTaxRefunds $ 0us-gaap_ProceedsFromIncomeTaxRefunds $ 0us-gaap_ProceedsFromIncomeTaxRefunds