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Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) (USD $)
0 Months Ended 4 Months Ended 8 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2014
Apr. 29, 2014
Apr. 29, 2014
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2014
collection_bucket
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Apr. 30, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract]                
Beginning equity balance post-spin-off $ 1,710,000,000slm_BeginningEquityBalancePostSpinOff             $ 1,710,000,000slm_BeginningEquityBalancePostSpinOff
Preferred stock value outstanding 565,000,000us-gaap_PreferredStockValueOutstanding             565,000,000us-gaap_PreferredStockValueOutstanding
Special cash contribution from Navient 473,000,000slm_SpecialCashContributionFromSpinOff       472,718,000slm_SpecialCashContributionFromSpinOff 0slm_SpecialCashContributionFromSpinOff 0slm_SpecialCashContributionFromSpinOff  
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]                
Private Education Loan loss confirmation period (in years)         1 year      
Basis period for actual collection experience         16 months      
Period of Collection Experience Using Two Hundred Twelve Day Charge Off Strategies         7 months      
FFELP Loan loss confirmation period (in years)         2 years      
Loan delinquent period     90 days          
Number of Data Collection Buckets Used         4slm_NumberofDataCollectionBucketsUsed      
Period of Collection Experience Using One Hundred Twenty Day Charge Off Strategies         9 months      
Minimum days past due that company may required spin-off company to purchase loans         90 days      
Period of hardship forbearance         6 months      
Private education loans       8,246,647,000slm_PrivateEducationLoansNet 8,246,647,000slm_PrivateEducationLoansNet 6,506,642,000slm_PrivateEducationLoansNet    
Loss confirmation period 1 year 2 years            
Percentage of Private Education Loans related to borrowers inschool, grace or deferment       36.00%slm_PercentageofPrivateEducationLoansrelatedtoborrowersinschoolgraceordeferment 36.00%slm_PercentageofPrivateEducationLoansrelatedtoborrowersinschoolgraceordeferment 39.00%slm_PercentageofPrivateEducationLoansrelatedtoborrowersinschoolgraceordeferment    
Dollar amount of change in allowance due to policy change         14,000,000slm_Dollaramountofchangeinallowanceduetopolicychange      
Period after last payment contractually due private education loan considered to be delinquent         31 days      
Percentage reimbursement on all qualifying default claims period one       98.00%slm_PercentageReimbursementOnAllQualifyingDefaultClaimsPeriodOne 98.00%slm_PercentageReimbursementOnAllQualifyingDefaultClaimsPeriodOne      
Percentage reimbursement on all qualifying default claims period three       100.00%slm_PercentageReimbursementOnAllQualifyingDefaultClaimsPeriodThree 100.00%slm_PercentageReimbursementOnAllQualifyingDefaultClaimsPeriodThree      
Percentage reimbursement on all qualifying default claims period two       97.00%slm_PercentageReimbursementOnAllQualifyingFfelpDefaultClaimsPeriodTwo 97.00%slm_PercentageReimbursementOnAllQualifyingFfelpDefaultClaimsPeriodTwo      
Consolidation loan rebate fee         1.05%slm_ConsolidationLoanRebateFee      
Loans sold     805,000,000slm_LoansandLeaseReceivableLoansSold     2,400,000,000slm_LoansandLeaseReceivableLoansSold 2,600,000,000slm_LoansandLeaseReceivableLoansSold  
Gains on sales of loans, net     36,000,000us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableGainLossOnSalesNet 85,000,000us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableGainLossOnSalesNet 121,359,000us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableGainLossOnSalesNet 196,593,000us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableGainLossOnSalesNet 235,202,000us-gaap_LoansAndLeasesReceivableGainLossOnSalesNet  
Tax indemnification receivable 291,000,000us-gaap_IncomeTaxReceivable     240,311,000us-gaap_IncomeTaxReceivable 240,311,000us-gaap_IncomeTaxReceivable 0us-gaap_IncomeTaxReceivable   291,000,000us-gaap_IncomeTaxReceivable
Remaining amount of indemnification       224,000,000slm_DeferredTaxAssetsAmountRemaining 224,000,000slm_DeferredTaxAssetsAmountRemaining      
Deferred tax asset discount 27,000,000us-gaap_LiabilityForUncertainTaxPositionsCurrent     16,000,000us-gaap_LiabilityForUncertainTaxPositionsCurrent 16,000,000us-gaap_LiabilityForUncertainTaxPositionsCurrent     27,000,000us-gaap_LiabilityForUncertainTaxPositionsCurrent
Deferred tax liability 310,000,000slm_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetandLiabilityDuetoUncertainTaxPositions             310,000,000slm_DeferredTaxLiabilitiesNetandLiabilityDuetoUncertainTaxPositions
Deferred taxes 283,000,000us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities     252,000,000us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities 252,000,000us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities     283,000,000us-gaap_DeferredTaxLiabilities
Deferred tax assets 310,000,000us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross             310,000,000us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsGross
Deferred tax asset discount 19,000,000slm_DeferredTaxAssetDiscount             19,000,000slm_DeferredTaxAssetDiscount
Tax liability balance       268,000,000slm_SLMincometaxliabilitygross 268,000,000slm_SLMincometaxliabilitygross      
Minimum                
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]                
Loan delinquent period 30 days 150 days     30 days      
Maximum                
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]                
Loan delinquent period 120 days 212 days     120 days      
FFELP Loans Rehabilitated [Member]                
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]                
Loans purchased         7,464,000slm_Loanspurchased
/ us-gaap_FinancingReceivableRecordedInvestmentByClassOfFinancingReceivableAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansRehabilitatedMember
474,293,000slm_Loanspurchased
/ us-gaap_FinancingReceivableRecordedInvestmentByClassOfFinancingReceivableAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansRehabilitatedMember
   
Percent of loan par value       101.67%slm_PercentofLoanParValue
/ us-gaap_FinancingReceivableRecordedInvestmentByClassOfFinancingReceivableAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansRehabilitatedMember
101.67%slm_PercentofLoanParValue
/ us-gaap_FinancingReceivableRecordedInvestmentByClassOfFinancingReceivableAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansRehabilitatedMember
95.00%slm_PercentofLoanParValue
/ us-gaap_FinancingReceivableRecordedInvestmentByClassOfFinancingReceivableAxis
= slm_FfelpLoansRehabilitatedMember
   
Split Loans                
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]                
Private education loans       $ 117,000,000slm_PrivateEducationLoansNet
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableByReceivableTypeAxis
= slm_SplitLoansMember
$ 117,000,000slm_PrivateEducationLoansNet
/ us-gaap_AccountsNotesLoansAndFinancingReceivableByReceivableTypeAxis
= slm_SplitLoansMember