10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

___________________________________

FORM 10-Q

___________________________________

(Mark One)
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022
OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from              to

Commission File Number: 001-39548

___________________________________

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

___________________________________

Delaware	95-3936623
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
685 Stockton Drive
Exton, Pennsylvania	19341
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (610) 458-5000

___________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	BSY	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S‑T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

As of May 3, 2022, the registrant had 11,601,757 shares of Class A and 275,932,539 shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding.

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021	3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021	4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021	5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021	6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021	7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	41
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	62
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	62
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	63
Item 1A. Risk Factors	63
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	63
Item 6. Exhibits	64
SIGNATURE	65

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	129,617	$	329,337
Accounts receivable	233,032		241,807
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(7,486)		(6,541)
Prepaid income taxes	26,254		16,880
Prepaid and other current assets	32,644		34,348
Total current assets	414,061		615,831
Property and equipment, net	32,043		31,823
Operating lease right-of-use assets	49,432		50,818
Intangible assets, net	329,029		245,834
Goodwill	2,217,578		1,588,477
Investments	8,680		6,438
Deferred income taxes	47,683		71,376
Other assets	59,797		48,646
Total assets	$	3,158,303	$	2,659,243
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	19,058	$	16,483
Accruals and other current liabilities	351,273		323,603
Deferred revenues	215,448		224,610
Operating lease liabilities	16,963		17,482
Income taxes payable	5,048		6,696
Current portion of long-term debt	5,000		5,000
Total current liabilities	612,790		593,874
Long-term debt	1,871,527		1,430,992
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	89,282		94,890
Long-term operating lease liabilities	34,907		35,274
Deferred revenues	13,006		7,983
Deferred income taxes	58,316		65,014
Income taxes payable	7,718		7,725
Other liabilities	13,104		14,269
Total liabilities	2,700,650		2,250,021
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 100,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021	—		—
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 11,601,757 shares as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and Class B Common Stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 1,800,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 273,532,336 and 270,924,962 shares as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	2,851		2,825
Additional paid-in capital	957,498		937,805
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(75,324)		(91,774)
Accumulated deficit	(427,372)		(439,634)
Total stockholders’ equity	457,653		409,222
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	3,158,303	$	2,659,243

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Revenues:
Subscriptions	$	241,233	$	188,125
Perpetual licenses	10,205		10,116
Subscriptions and licenses	251,438		198,241
Services	24,079		23,764
Total revenues	275,517		222,005
Cost of revenues:
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	33,727		28,945
Cost of services	22,058		20,344
Total cost of revenues	55,785		49,289
Gross profit	219,732		172,716
Operating expense (income):
Research and development	61,273		47,803
Selling and marketing	45,945		32,440
General and administrative	51,154		33,221
Deferred compensation plan	(5,138)		167
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,906		3,438
Total operating expenses	163,140		117,069
Income from operations	56,592		55,647
Interest expense, net	(7,042)		(2,319)
Other income, net	10,641		14,482
Income before income taxes	60,191		67,810
Provision for income taxes	(3,231)		(10,358)
Loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax	(572)		(446)
Net income	56,388		57,006
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities	(9)		—
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	$	56,379	$	57,006
Per share information:
Net income per share, basic	$	0.18	$	0.19
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.18	$	0.18
Weighted average shares, basic	307,969,672		302,583,452
Weighted average shares, diluted	331,330,256		321,736,649

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Net income	$	56,388	$	57,006
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	16,437		(9,182)
Actuarial gain on retirement plan, net of tax effect of $(5) and $(8), respectively	13		21
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes	16,450		(9,161)
Comprehensive income	$	72,838	$	47,845

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
						Accumulated
	Class A and Class B			Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par Value		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021	282,526,719	$	2,825	$	937,805	$	(91,774)	$	(439,634)	$	409,222
Net income	—	—		—		—		56,388		56,388
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		16,450		—		16,450
Dividends declared	—	—		—		—		(8,353)		(8,353)
Shares issued in connection with deferred compensation plan, net	809,751	8		—		—		(24,254)		(24,246)
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	—	—		669		—		—		669
Shares issued in connection with Executive Bonus Plan, net	72,105	1		4,995		—		(2,192)		2,804
Shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan	109,749	1		4,610		—		(121)		4,490
Stock option exercises, net	1,401,249	14		2,754		—		(7,651)		(4,883)
Acquisition option exercises, net	149,855	1		(1)		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		6,667		—		—		6,667
Shares related to restricted stock, net	64,665	1		(1)		—		(1,555)		(1,555)
Balance, March 31, 2022	285,134,093	$	2,851	$	957,498	$	(75,324)	$	(427,372)	$	457,653

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
						Accumulated
	Class A and Class B			Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par Value		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2020	272,154,504	$	2,722	$	741,113	$	(26,233)	$	(376,003)	$	341,599
Net income	—	—		—		—		57,006		57,006
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(9,161)		—		(9,161)
Purchase of capped call options, net of tax of $6,250	—	—		(19,430)		—		—		(19,430)
Dividends declared	—	—		—		—		(8,219)		(8,219)
Shares issued in connection with deferred compensation plan, net	339,503	3		—		—		(8,862)		(8,859)
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	—	—		854		—		—		854
Shares issued in connection with Executive Bonus Plan, net	79,961	1		5,573		—		(2,037)		3,537
Stock option exercises, net	1,263,121	12		1,739		—		(7,158)		(5,407)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		2,786		—		—		2,786
Shares related to restricted stock, net	(114,606)	(1)		—		—		(708)		(709)
Balance, March 31, 2021	273,722,483	$	2,737	$	732,635	$	(35,394)	$	(345,981)	$	353,997

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	56,388	$	57,006
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	17,212		8,993
Bad debt allowance	955		746
Deferred income taxes	9,042		966
Stock-based compensation expense	15,099		8,913
Deferred compensation plan	(5,138)		1,021
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	1,778		1,229
Change in fair value of derivative	(12,084)		(13,661)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	500		—
Change on fair value of investments	(112)		—
Gain on sale of aircraft	(2,029)		—
Foreign currency remeasurement loss (gain)	1,677		(583)
Loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax	572		446
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	8,691		14,903
Prepaid and other assets	5,718		8,257
Accounts payable, accruals, and other liabilities	26,791		54,977
Deferred revenues	(12,515)		(21,889)
Income taxes payable, net of prepaid income taxes	(10,814)		11,474
Net cash provided by operating activities	101,731		132,798
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment and investment in capitalized software	(4,176)		(2,655)
Proceeds from sale of aircraft	2,380		—
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(695,968)		(57,975)
Other investing activities	(2,811)		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(700,575)		(60,630)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from credit facilities	563,912		16,000
Payments of credit facilities	(123,696)		(262,000)
Proceeds from convertible senior notes, net of discounts and commissions	—		672,750
Payments of debt issuance costs	—		(3,777)
Purchase of capped call options	—		(25,530)
Repayment of term loan	(1,250)		—
Payments of financing leases	(48)		(50)
Payments of acquisition debt and other consideration	(2,721)		(25)
Payments of dividends	(8,528)		(8,219)
Payments for shares acquired including shares withheld for taxes	(35,117)		(18,763)
Proceeds from stock purchases under employee stock purchase plan	4,611		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,768		1,751
Net cash provided by financing activities	399,931		372,137
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(807)		3,225
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(199,720)		447,530
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	329,337		122,006
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	129,617	$	569,536

7

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Supplemental information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	6,766	$	4,214
Income tax refunds	798		4,519
Interest paid	5,296		766
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Contingent acquisition consideration	—		549
Deferred, non-contingent consideration, net	—		1,718
Convertible senior notes expenses included in Accounts payable and Accruals and other current liabilities	—		605
Capped call options expenses included in Accounts payable	—		150
Share-settled Executive Bonus Plan awards	4,996		5,574
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	669		855

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

8

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

Note 1: Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Bentley Systems, Incorporated (“Bentley” or the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K on file with the SEC. In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring and non-recurring adjustments) that were considered necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows at the dates and for the periods indicated. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The December 31, 2021 consolidated balance sheet included herein is derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

Business Combinations — On January 31, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Power Line Systems, a leader in software for the design of overhead electric power transmission lines and their structures, for $695,968 in cash, net of cash acquired. On June 17, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Seequent Holdings Limited (“Seequent”), a leader in software for geological and geophysical modeling, geotechnical stability, and cloud services for geodata management and collaboration, for $883,336 in cash, net of cash acquired, plus 3,141,342 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock (see Note 4).

Note 2: Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020‑04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020‑04”), which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. ASU 2020‑04 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The expedients and exceptions provided by ASU 2020‑04 do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The Company had no transactions that were impacted by ASU 2020‑04 during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

9

Note 3: Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Nature of Products and Services

The Company generates revenues from subscriptions, perpetual licenses, and services.

Subscriptions

SELECT subscriptions — The Company provides prepaid annual recurring subscriptions that accounts (which are based on distinct contractual and billing relationships with the Company, where affiliated entities of a single parent company may each have an independent account with the Company) can elect to add to a new or previously purchased perpetual license. SELECT provides accounts with benefits, including upgrades, comprehensive technical support, pooled licensing benefits, annual portfolio balancing exchange rights, learning benefits, certain Azure‑based cloud collaboration services, mobility advantages, and access to other available benefits. SELECT subscriptions revenues are recognized as distinct performance obligations are satisfied. The performance obligations within the SELECT offering, outside of the portfolio balancing exchange right, are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of recognition. These performance obligations are accounted for ratably over the term as a single performance obligation.

Enterprise subscriptions — The Company also provides Enterprise subscription offerings, which provide its largest accounts with complete and unlimited global access to the Company’s comprehensive portfolio of solutions. Enterprise License Subscriptions (“ELS”) provide access for a prepaid fee, which is based on the account’s usage of software in the preceding year, to effectively create a fee‑certain consumption‑based arrangement. ELS contain a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, and performance consulting days. The SELECT maintenance and support benefits under ELS do not include a portfolio balancing performance obligation. Revenue is allocated to the various performance obligations based on their respective standalone selling price (“SSP”). Revenue allocated to the term license component is recognized upon delivery at the start of the subscription term while revenues for the SELECT maintenance and support and the performance consulting days are recognized as delivered over the subscription term. Billings in advance are recorded as Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets.

Enterprise 365 (“E365”) subscriptions provide unrestricted access to the Company’s comprehensive software portfolio, similar to ELS, however, the accounts are charged based upon daily usage. The daily usage fee also includes a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, hosting, and Success Blueprints, which are designed to achieve business outcomes through more efficient and effective use of the Company’s software. E365 revenues are recognized based upon usage incurred by the account. Usage is defined as distinct user access on a daily basis. E365 subscriptions can contain quarterly usage floors or collars as accounts transition to the usage model or for accounts within the public sector. The term of E365 subscriptions aligns with calendar quarters and revenue is recognized based on actual usage.

10

Term license subscriptions — The Company provides annual, quarterly, and monthly term licenses for its software products. Term license subscriptions contain a term license component and SELECT maintenance and support. Revenue is allocated to the various performance obligations based on their SSP. Annual term licenses (“ATL”) are generally prepaid annually for named user access to specific products and include the Company’s Virtuoso subscriptions sold via the Company’s Virtuosity eStore for practitioner licenses. Virtuoso subscriptions are bundles with customizable training and expert consultation administered through “keys” or credits. Quarterly term license (“QTL”) subscriptions allow accounts to pay quarterly in arrears for license usage that is beyond their prepaid subscriptions. Monthly term license (“MTL”) subscriptions are identical to QTL subscriptions, except for the term of the license, and the manner in which they are monetized. MTL subscriptions require a Cloud Services Subscription (“CSS”), which is described below. For ATL, revenue allocated to the term license component is recognized upon delivery at the start of the subscription term while revenue for the SELECT maintenance and support is recognized as delivered over the subscription term. For Virtuoso keys, revenue is recognized as services are delivered. Billings in advance are recorded as Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets. For usage‑based QTL and MTL subscriptions, revenues are recognized based upon usage incurred by the account. Usage is defined as peak usage over the respective terms. The terms of QTL and MTL subscriptions align with calendar quarters and calendar months, respectively, and revenue is recognized based on actual usage.

Visas and Passports are quarterly or annual term licenses enabling users to access specific project or enterprise information and entitles users to certain functionality of the Company’s ProjectWise and AssetWise systems. The Company’s standard offerings are usage based with monetization through the Company’s CSS program as described below.

CSS is a program designed to streamline the procurement, administration, and payment process. The program requires an estimation of annual usage for CSS eligible offerings and a deposit of funds in advance. Actual consumption is monitored and invoiced against the deposit on a calendar quarter basis. CSS balances not utilized for eligible products or services may roll over to future periods or are refundable. Paid and unconsumed CSS balances are recorded in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Software and services consumed under CSS are recognized pursuant to the applicable revenue recognition guidance for the respective software or service and classified as subscriptions or services based on their respective nature.

Perpetual licenses

Perpetual licenses may be sold with or without attaching a SELECT subscription. Historically, attachment and retention of the SELECT subscription has been high given the benefits of the SELECT subscription discussed above. Perpetual licenses revenues are recognized upon delivery of the license to the user.

Services

The Company provides professional services, including training, implementation, configuration, customization, and strategic consulting services. The Company performs projects on both a time and materials and a fixed fee basis. Certain of the Company’s fixed‑fee arrangements, including its Success Services offerings, are structured as subscription‑like, packaged offerings that are annually recurring in nature. Success Services are standard service offerings that provide a level of dedicated professional services above the standard technical support offered to all accounts as part of their SELECT or Enterprise agreement. Revenues are recognized as services are performed.

The Company primarily utilizes its direct internal sales force and also has arrangements through independent channel partners to promote and sell Bentley products and subscriptions to end‑users. Channel partners are authorized to promote the sale of an authorized set of Bentley products and subscriptions within an authorized geography under a Channel Partner Agreement.

11

Significant Judgments and Estimates

The Company’s contracts with customers may include promises to transfer licenses (perpetual or term‑based), maintenance, and services to a user. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations, and if so, the allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation. When an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations which are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, the Company accounts for those performance obligations as a single performance obligation. For contracts with more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative SSP of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP when it sells each of the products and services separately and needs to determine whether there is a discount that should be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services.

The Company’s SELECT agreement provides users with perpetual licenses a right to exchange software for other eligible perpetual licenses on an annual basis upon renewal. The Company refers to this option as portfolio balancing and has concluded that the portfolio balancing feature represents a material right resulting in the deferral of the associated revenue. Judgment is required to estimate the percentage of users who may elect to portfolio balance and considers inputs such as historical user elections. This feature is available once per term and must be exercised prior to the respective renewal term. The Company recognizes the associated revenue upon election or when the portfolio balancing right expires. This right is included in the initial and subsequent renewal terms and the Company reestablishes the revenue deferral for the material right upon the beginning of the renewal term. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has deferred $17,724 and $18,020, respectively, related to portfolio balancing exchange rights which is included in Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Contract assets	$	309	$	336
Deferred revenues	228,454		232,593

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s contract assets relate to performance obligations completed in advance of the right to invoice and are included in Prepaid and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets were not impaired as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Deferred revenues consist of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscriptions and services. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to users.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, $97,005 of revenues that were included in the December 31, 2021 deferred revenues balance were recognized. There were additional deferrals of $94,522, which were primarily related to new billings and acquisitions (see Note 4). For the three months ended March 31, 2021, $91,125 of revenues that were included in the December 31, 2020 deferred revenues balance were recognized. There were additional deferrals of $78,210, which were primarily related to new billings.

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company’s contracts with customers include amounts allocated to performance obligations that will be satisfied at a later date. As of March 31, 2022, amounts allocated to these remaining performance obligations are $228,454, of which the Company expects to recognize 94.3% over the next 12 months with the remaining amount thereafter.

12

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following table details revenues:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Subscriptions:
SELECT subscriptions	$	66,598	$	66,140
Enterprise subscriptions (1)	81,827		71,015
Term license subscriptions	92,808		50,970
Subscriptions	241,233		188,125
Perpetual licenses	10,205		10,116
Subscriptions and licenses	251,438		198,241
Services:
Recurring	4,701		6,077
Other	19,378		17,687
Services	24,079		23,764
Total revenues	$	275,517	$	222,005

(1)Enterprise subscriptions includes revenue attributable to E365 subscriptions of $68,598 and $48,265 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company recognizes perpetual licenses and the term license component of subscriptions as revenue when either the licenses are delivered or at the start of the subscription term. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $125,225 and $95,625 of license related revenues, respectively, of which $115,020 and $85,509, respectively, were attributable to the term license component of the Company’s subscription based commercial offerings recorded in Subscriptions in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company derived 7% and 8% of its total revenues through channel partners for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Revenue to external customers is attributed to individual countries based upon the location of the customer.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Americas (1)	$	154,260	$	108,862
Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (“EMEA”) (2)	77,480		73,848
Asia-Pacific (“APAC”)	43,777		39,295
Total revenues	$	275,517	$	222,005

(1)Americas includes the United States (“U.S.”), Canada, and Latin America (including the Caribbean). Revenue attributable to the U.S. totaled $116,133 and $92,940 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2)Revenue attributable to the United Kingdom totaled $22,291 and $22,383 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Note 4: Acquisitions

On January 31, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Power Line Systems, a leader in software for the design of overhead electric power transmission lines and their structures, for $695,968 in cash, net of cash acquired. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed a number of acquisitions, for an aggregate purchase price of $1,269,844. On June 17, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Seequent, a leader in software for geological and geophysical modeling, geotechnical stability, and cloud services for geodata management and collaboration, for $883,336 in cash, net of cash acquired, plus 3,141,342 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock. The operating results of the acquired businesses, except for Seequent, were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and financial position.

The aggregate details of the Company’s acquisition activity are as follows:

	Acquisitions Completed in
	Three Months Ended		Year Ended
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Number of acquisitions	1		13
Cash paid at closing (1)	$	715,114	$	1,072,820
Cash acquired	(19,146)		(37,837)
Net cash paid	$	695,968	$	1,034,983

(1)Of the cash paid at closing for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021, $3,000 and $8,701, respectively, was deposited into an escrow account to secure any potential indemnification and other obligations of the seller.

The fair value of the contingent consideration from acquisitions is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	3,401	$	5,382
Other liabilities	960		1,231
Contingent consideration from acquisitions	$	4,361	$	6,613

The fair value of non-contingent consideration from acquisitions is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	3,522	$	4,751
Other liabilities	6,180		6,177
Non-contingent consideration from acquisitions	$	9,702	$	10,928

The operating results of the acquired businesses are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the closing date of each respective acquisition. The purchase price for each acquisition has been allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values at the respective acquisition date.

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The Company is in the process of finalizing the purchase accounting for Power Line Systems. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed were provisionally recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The initial accounting for Power Line Systems is not complete because the evaluation necessary to assess the fair values of certain net assets acquired is still in process. The provisional amounts are subject to revision until the evaluations are completed to the extent that additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. The allocation of the purchase price may be modified from the date of the acquisition as more information is obtained about the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, however, such measurement period cannot exceed one year.

Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and are recorded in General and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred acquisition expenses of $10,574 and $6,861, respectively, which include costs related to legal, accounting, valuation, insurance, general administrative, and other consulting fees. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, $9,773 of the Company’s acquisition expenses related to the acquisition of Power Line Systems, and $6,716 of the Company’s acquisition expenses related to the acquisition of Seequent for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

15

The following summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the weighted average useful lives assigned to acquired intangible assets at the respective date of each acquisition (including contingent consideration):

	Acquisitions Completed in
	Three Months Ended		Year Ended
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Consideration:
Cash paid at closing	$	715,114	$	1,072,820
Shares issued at closing (1)(2)	—		182,390
Contingent consideration	—		4,544
Deferred, non-contingent consideration, net	—		10,090
Total consideration	$	715,114	$	1,269,844
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	19,146	$	37,837
Accounts receivable and other current assets	1,098		24,174
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,237		12,095
Property and equipment	963		4,383
Other assets	—		874
Software and technology (weighted average useful life of 5 years)	9,700		43,560
Customer relationships (weighted average useful life of 10 and 9 years, respectively)	78,300		158,555
Trademarks (weighted average useful life of 10 years)	5,200		38,256
In-process research and development	—		3,700
Total identifiable assets acquired excluding goodwill	115,644		323,434
Accruals and other current liabilities	(610)		(27,649)
Deferred revenues	(10,219)		(26,245)
Operating lease liabilities	(1,237)		(11,988)
Deferred income taxes	(6,865)		(53,342)
Other liabilities	—		(716)
Total liabilities assumed	(18,931)		(119,940)
Net identifiable assets acquired excluding goodwill	96,713		203,494
Goodwill	618,401		1,066,350
Net assets acquired	$	715,114	$	1,269,844

(1)Of the total 3,141,342 shares issued at closing, 83,627 shares are subject to forfeiture if post‑closing employment service conditions are not met. Accordingly, $5,452 is being recorded as stock‑based compensation expense over the related forfeiture period of two years (see Note 15).

(2)A fair value adjustment of $16,943 was applied to the stock consideration due to restrictions on the transfer of securities.

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The fair values of the working capital, other assets (liabilities), and property and equipment approximated their respective carrying values as of the acquisition date.

The fair values of deferred revenues were determined in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies (see Note 3).

The fair values of the intangible assets were primarily determined using the income approach. When applying the income approach, indications of fair values were developed by discounting future net cash flows to their present values at market‑based rates of return. The cash flows were based on estimates used to price the acquisitions and the discount rates applied were benchmarked with reference to the implied rate of return from the Company’s pricing model and the weighted average cost of capital.

Goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisitions was attributable to synergies expected to arise from cost saving opportunities, as well as future expected cash flows. The Company expects $519,564 of the goodwill recorded relating to the acquisition of Power Line Systems will be deductible for income tax purposes.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

Had the acquisition of Seequent been made at the beginning of 2020, unaudited pro forma total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 would have been $255,783. Net income, net income per share, basic, and net income per share, diluted for the three months ended March 31, 2021 would not have been materially different than the amounts reported primarily due to the pro forma adjustments to reflect the amortization of purchased intangibles and the cost to finance the transaction, net of the related tax effects.

The unaudited pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information combines the historical results of the Company, the adjusted historical results of Seequent considering the date the Company completed the acquisition of Seequent, and the effects of the pro forma adjustments described above.

Acquisition Subsequent to March 31, 2022

In April 2022, the Company completed one acquisition. The acquisition is not expected to be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Note 5: Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Land	$	2,811	$	2,811
Building and improvements	36,366		35,188
Computer equipment and software	49,169		47,651
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment	14,400		14,274
Aircraft	2,038		4,075
Other	59		61
Property and equipment, at cost	104,843		104,060
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(72,800)		(72,237)
Total property and equipment, net	$	32,043	$	31,823

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $2,490 and $2,497, respectively.

Related Party Equipment Sale

In January 2022, the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors authorized the Company to sell 50% of its interest in the Company’s aircraft at fair market value to an entity controlled by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The transaction was completed on February 1, 2022 for $2,380 and resulted in a gain of $2,029, which was recorded in Other income, net in the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Subsequent to the transaction, ongoing operating and fixed costs of the aircraft are shared on a proportional use basis subject to a cost-sharing agreement. Such costs were not material during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Pursuant to FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 850, Related Party Disclosures, the Company determined this transaction was to a related party.

Note 6: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

Balance, December 31, 2021	$	1,588,477
Acquisitions	618,401
Foreign currency translation adjustments	10,828
Other adjustments	(128)
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	2,217,578

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Details of intangible assets other than goodwill are as follows:

		March 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Estimated Useful Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Software and technology	3-5 years	$	95,909	$	(50,327)	$	45,582	$	101,588	$	(63,225)	$	38,363
Customer relationships	3-10 years	324,657		(91,288)		233,369		245,325		(83,799)		161,526
Trademarks	3-10 years	68,703		(22,422)		46,281		63,080		(20,893)		42,187
Non-compete agreements	5 years	350		(156)		194		350		(139)		211
		489,619		(164,193)		325,426		410,343		(168,056)		242,287
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
In-process research and development		3,603		—		3,603		3,547		—		3,547
Total intangible assets		$	493,222	$	(164,193)	$	329,029	$	413,890	$	(168,056)	$	245,834

The aggregate amortization expense for purchased intangible assets with finite lives was reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	$	3,022	$	1,151
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,906		3,438
Total amortization expense	$	12,928	$	4,589

Note 7: Investments

Investments consist of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cost method investments	$	8,538	$	6,438
Equity method investment	142		—
Total investments	$	8,680	$	6,438

Through iTwin Ventures, the Company invests in technology development companies, generally in the form of equity interests or convertible notes. The Company recorded these investments under the cost method. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company invested $2,111 in cost method investments.

The Company accounts for Digital Construction Works, Inc. (“DCW”) using the equity method. DCW, a 50%-owned joint venture with Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc., operates as a digital integrator of software and cloud services for the construction industry. DCW’s focus is to transform the construction industry from its legacy document‑centric paradigm by simplifying and enabling digital automated workflows and processes, technology integration, and digital twinning services for infrastructure. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company invested $700 in DCW. Pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 850, Related Party Disclosures, the Company has determined that DCW is a related party. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, transactions between the Company and DCW were not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Note 8: Leases

The Company’s operating leases consist of office facilities, office equipment, and automobiles, and the Company’s finance lease consists of computer equipment. The finance lease is not material for the periods presented. As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than one year to nine years, some of which include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms from one year to ten years and some of which include options to terminate the leases from less than one year to five years.

For contracts with lease and non‑lease components, the Company has elected not to allocate the contract consideration, and account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Payments under the Company’s lease arrangements are primarily fixed, however, certain lease agreements contain variable payments, which are expensed as incurred and not included in the operating lease assets and liabilities. Variable lease cost may include common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities, and fluctuations in rent due to a change in an index or rate. The Company has elected not to recognize a right‑of‑use asset or lease liability for short‑term leases (leases with a term of twelve months or less). Short‑term leases are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight‑line basis over the lease term.

The components of operating lease cost reflected in the consolidated statements of operations were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Operating lease cost (1)	$	5,753	$	4,543
Variable lease cost	1,273		968
Short-term lease cost	5		4
Total operating lease cost	$	7,031	$	5,515

(1)Operating lease cost includes rent cost related to operating leases for office facilities of $5,553 and $4,351 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Other information related to leases was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	5,114	$	4,686
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1)	$	2,876	$	614

(1)Right‑of‑use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities does not include the impact from acquisitions of $1,237 and $192 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 4.1 years as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The weighted average discount rate was 2.6% and 2.5% as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

20

Maturities of operating lease liabilities are as follows:

	March 31, 2022
Remainder of 2022	$	14,267
2023	14,311
2024	9,624
2025	6,911
2026	4,440
Thereafter	6,146
Total future lease payments	55,699
Less: Imputed interest	(3,829)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	51,870

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had additional operating lease minimum lease payments of $956 for executed leases that have not yet commenced, primarily for office locations.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the financing lease was as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Property and equipment	$	471	$	484
Accumulated depreciation	(471)		(453)
Property and equipment, net	$	—	$	31
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	48	$	98
Total financing lease liabilities	$	48	$	98

Note 9: Accruals and Other Current Liabilities

Accruals and other current liabilities consist of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
CSS deposits	$	200,589	$	162,046
Accrued benefits	41,927		36,656
Accrued compensation	29,437		37,725
Due to customers	14,500		12,798
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	7,779		7,309
Accrued indirect taxes	6,457		7,520
Accrued acquisition stay bonus	5,838		9,461
Accrued cloud provisioning costs	5,396		5,862
Accrued professional fees	3,945		6,940
Non-contingent consideration from acquisitions	3,522		4,751
Contingent consideration from acquisitions	3,401		5,382
Employee stock purchase plan contributions	3,118		4,818
Other accrued and current liabilities	25,364		22,335
Total accruals and other current liabilities	$	351,273	$	323,603

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Note 10: Long‑Term Debt

Long‑term debt consists of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Bank credit facility:
Revolving loan facility	$	440,216	$	—
Term loan:
Principal	198,750		200,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(500)		(534)
Term loan net carrying value	198,250		199,466
Bank credit facility net carrying value	638,466		199,466
2026 Notes:
Principal	690,000		690,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,769)		(14,677)
2026 Notes net carrying value	676,231		675,323
2027 Notes:
Principal	575,000		575,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,170)		(13,797)
2027 Notes net carrying value	561,830		561,203
Total net carrying value	1,876,527		1,435,992
Less: Current portion of long-term debt	(5,000)		(5,000)
Total long-term debt	$	1,871,527	$	1,430,992

Bank Credit Facility

The Company has an amended and restated Credit Agreement, which provides for an $850,000 senior secured revolving loan facility with a maturity date of November 15, 2025 and a $200,000 senior secured term loan as described further below (the “Credit Facility”).

The Company’s $200,000 senior secured term loan has a maturity of November 15, 2025 (the “2021 Term Loan”). The 2021 Term Loan requires principal repayment at the end of each calendar quarter. Beginning with March 31, 2022 and ending with December 31, 2023, the Company is required to repay $1,250 per quarter. Beginning with March 31, 2024 and ending with the last such date prior to the maturity date, the Company is required to repay $2,500 per quarter. The Company incurred $540 of debt issuance costs related to the 2021 Term Loan. The Company used borrowings under the 2021 Term Loan to pay down borrowings under the swingline sub‑facility and revolving loan facility under the Credit Facility.

In addition to the senior secured revolving loan facility, the Credit Facility also provides up to $50,000 of letters of credit and other borrowings subject to availability, including a $85,000 U.S. Dollar swingline sub‑facility and a $200,000 incremental “accordion” sub‑facility. The Company had $150 of letters of credit and surety bonds outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $409,634 and $849,850, respectively, available under the Credit Facility.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by all of the Company’s first tier domestic subsidiaries and are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantors’ U.S. assets and 65% of the stock of their directly owned foreign subsidiaries. The Credit Facility contains both affirmative and negative covenants, including maximum net leverage ratios. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all covenants in its Credit Facility.

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Convertible Senior Notes

2026 Notes

On January 26, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $690,000 of 0.125% convertible senior notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”). The 2026 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of January 26, 2021, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “2026 Indenture”). Interest will accrue from January 26, 2021 and will be payable semi‑annually in arrears in cash on January 15 and July 15 of each year, with the first payment due on July 15, 2021. The 2026 Notes will mature on January 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The Company incurred $18,055 of expenses in connection with the 2026 Notes offering consisting of the payment of initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions, professional fees, and other expenses (“transaction costs”). The Company used $25,530 of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2026 Notes to pay the premiums of the capped call options described further below, and approximately $250,500 to repay outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility and to pay related fees and expenses. The Company used the remainder of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2026 Notes for general corporate purposes and towards funding certain acquisitions, including Seequent (see Note 4).

Prior to October 15, 2025, the 2026 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (such ten consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s Class B Common Stock, as described in the 2026 Indenture; and (4) if the Company calls the 2026 Notes for redemption. On or after October 15, 2025 until 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, the 2026 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder at any time.

The Company will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, at the Company’s election, based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 15.5925 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $64.13 per share, and is subject to adjustment as described in the 2026 Indenture. If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2026 Indenture) occurs, then the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.

The Company will have the option to redeem the 2026 Notes in whole or in part at any time on or after January 20, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

23

Upon a fundamental change (as defined in the 2026 Indenture), holders may, subject to certain exceptions, require the Company to purchase their 2026 Notes in whole or in part for cash at a price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date (as defined in the 2026 Indenture). In addition, upon a Make‑Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2026 Indenture), the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the applicable conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its 2026 Notes in connection with such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change. No adjustment to the conversion rate will be made if the stock price in such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change is either less than $44.23 per share or greater than $210.00 per share. The Company will not increase the conversion rate to an amount that exceeds 22.6090 shares per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes, subject to adjustment. The 2026 Indenture also contains a customary merger covenant.

The 2026 Notes were accounted for as debt, with no bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature. Transaction costs were recorded as a direct deduction from the related debt liability in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Notes. The effective interest rate for the 2026 Notes is 0.658%.

As of March 31, 2022, none of the conditions of the 2026 Notes to early convert has been met.

The 2026 Notes contain both affirmative and negative covenants. As of March 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants in the 2026 Notes.

Capped Call Options — In connection with the pricing of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into capped call options with certain of the initial purchasers or their respective affiliates and certain other financial institutions. The Company incurred $150 of expenses in connection with the capped call options. The capped call options are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s Class B Common Stock upon any conversion of 2026 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the capped call options is initially $72.9795 per share, which represents a premium of 65% above the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on January 21, 2021 and is subject to customary adjustments under the terms of the capped call options.

The capped call options were entered into in conjunction with the issuance of the 2026 Notes, however, they are legally separate agreements that can be separately exercised, with the receipt of shares under the capped call options having no effect on the 2026 Notes, and are legally detachable. As the capped call options are both legally detachable and separately exercisable from the 2026 Notes, the Company accounts for the capped call options separately from the 2026 Notes. The capped call options are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity. As such, the premiums paid for the capped call options have been included as a net reduction to Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet.

2027 Notes

On June 28, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $575,000 of 0.375% convertible senior notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2027 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 28, 2021, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “2027 Indenture”). Interest will accrue from June 28, 2021 and will be payable semi‑annually in arrears in cash on January 1 and July 1 of each year, with the first payment due on January 1, 2022. The 2027 Notes will mature on July 1, 2027, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The Company incurred $15,065 of expenses in connection with the 2027 Notes offering consisting of transaction costs. The Company used $25,875 of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2027 Notes to pay the premiums of the capped call options described further below, and $536,062 to repay outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility and to pay related fees and expenses.

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Prior to April 1, 2027, the 2027 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (such ten consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s Class B Common Stock, as described in the 2027 Indenture; and (4) if the Company calls the 2027 Notes for redemption. On or after April 1, 2027 until 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, the 2027 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder at any time.

The Company will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, at the Company’s election, based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 12.0153 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $83.23 per share, and is subject to adjustment as described in the 2027 Indenture. If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2027 Indenture) occurs, then the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.

The Company will have the option to redeem the 2027 Notes in whole or in part at any time on or after July 5, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Upon a fundamental change (as defined in the 2027 Indenture), holders may, subject to certain exceptions, require the Company to purchase their 2027 Notes in whole or in part for cash at a price equal to the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date (as defined in the 2027 Indenture). In addition, upon a Make‑Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2027 Indenture), the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the applicable conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its 2027 Notes in connection with such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change. No adjustment to the conversion rate will be made if the stock price in such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change is either less than $61.65 per share or greater than $325.00 per share. The Company will not increase the conversion rate to an amount that exceeds 16.2206 shares per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes, subject to adjustment. The 2027 Indenture also contains a customary merger covenant.

The 2027 Notes were accounted for as debt, with no bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature. Transaction costs were recorded as a direct deduction from the related debt liability in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2027 Notes. The effective interest rate for the 2027 Notes is 0.864%.

As of March 31, 2022, none of the conditions of the 2027 Notes to early convert has been met.

The 2027 Notes contain both affirmative and negative covenants. As of March 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants in the 2027 Notes.

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Capped Call Options — In connection with the pricing of the 2027 Notes, the Company entered into capped call options with certain of the initial purchasers or their respective affiliates and certain other financial institutions. The Company incurred $50 of expenses in connection with the capped call options. The capped call options are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s Class B Common Stock upon any conversion of 2027 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the capped call options is initially $95.5575 per share, which represents a premium of 55% above the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 23, 2021 and is subject to customary adjustments under the terms of the capped call options.

The capped call options were entered into in conjunction with the issuance of the 2027 Notes, however, they are legally separate agreements that can be separately exercised, with the receipt of shares under the capped call options having no effect on the 2027 Notes, and are legally detachable. As the capped call options are both legally detachable and separately exercisable from the 2027 Notes, the Company accounts for the capped call options separately from the 2027 Notes. The capped call options are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity. As such, the premiums paid for the capped call options have been included as a net reduction to Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Bank credit facility (1):
Revolving loan facility	$	2,225	$	729
Term loan	1,067		—
Interest rate swap	294		301
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	243		575
	3,829		1,605
2026 Notes:
0.125% Coupon interest	216		154
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	908		654
	1,124		808
2027 Notes:
0.375% Coupon interest	539		—
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	627		—
	1,166		—
Other obligations	1,005		(12)
Total interest expense	$	7,124	$	2,401

(1)The weighted average interest rate was 2.32% and 1.90% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Interest rate risk associated with the Credit Facility is managed through an interest rate swap which has a termination date of April 2, 2030. Under the terms of the interest rate swap, the Company fixed its LIBOR borrowing rate at 0.73% on a notional amount of $200,000. The interest rate swap is not designated as a hedging instrument for accounting purposes. The Company accounts for the interest rate swap as either an asset or a liability in the consolidated balance sheets and carries the derivative at fair value. Gains and losses from the change in fair value are recognized in Other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a swap related asset at fair value of $22,201 and $10,117, respectively, in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 11: Executive Bonus Plan

Certain of the Company’s key employees, including its named executive officers, participate in the amended and restated Bentley Systems, Incorporated Bonus Pool Plan (the “Bonus Plan”). Pursuant to the Bonus Plan, participants are eligible to receive incentive bonuses that are determined based on the Company’s adjusted Management Report Operating Income (“MROI”), as defined in the plan agreement and before deduction for such plan payments. For purposes of the Bonus Plan, the bonus pool thereunder may be funded with up to an aggregate of 20% of the Company’s adjusted MROI, subject to approval by the board of directors, with payments made to plan participants based on each such participant’s allocated interest in the bonus pool. The plan permits the deduction of certain holdback amounts from the plan’s pool, from which amounts can then be allocated to fund items including equity and/or cash incentive compensation for non‑plan participants and participant charitable contributions.

A participant may defer any portion, or all, of such participant’s incentive bonus payable pursuant to the Bonus Plan into the deferred compensation plan (see Note 12). A participant’s non‑deferred incentive bonus is payable in cash, however, the Bonus Plan provides, in part, that a participant may elect to receive any portion, or all, of such participant’s non‑deferred incentive bonus in the form of shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock issued under the Bentley Systems, Incorporated 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, subject to the limitation described below. The Company records the election of non‑deferred incentive bonus in the form of shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock as stock‑based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations (see Note 15). Such election must be made prior to the start of the applicable calendar quarter for which the incentive bonus is to be paid, and the number of shares of Class B Common Stock payable in respect of such elected amount is calculated using a volume-weighted average price of the Company’s Class B Common Stock for the period commencing on the tenth trading day prior to the end of the applicable calendar quarter and ending on the tenth trading day following the end of the applicable calendar quarter. Notwithstanding participants’ elections to receive shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock in respect of their non‑deferred incentive bonus payments, if, in any calendar quarter, the aggregate U.S. Dollar value of shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock payable in respect of the non‑deferred incentive bonuses exceeds $7,500, the portion of each participant’s non‑deferred incentive bonus payable in shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock will be reduced pro rata such that the $7,500 limit is not exceeded, and, for each affected participant, the amount of such reduction will be payable in cash.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the incentive compensation, including cash payments, election to receive shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock, and deferred compensation to plan participants, recognized under this plan (net of all applicable holdbacks) was $9,719 and $8,875, respectively.

Note 12: Retirement Plans

Deferred Compensation Plan

Under the Company’s unfunded amended and restated Bentley Systems, Incorporated Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “DCP”), certain officers and key employees may defer all or any part of their incentive compensation, and the Company may make discretionary awards on behalf of such participants. Elective participant deferrals and discretionary Company awards are received in the form of phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, which are valued for tax and accounting purposes in the same manner as actual shares of Class B Common Stock, and are recorded as stock‑based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations (see Note 15).

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DCP participants’ holdings in phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock are equity classified as they will be settled in shares of Class B Common Stock upon eventual distribution.

In August 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved an amendment to the DCP, which offered to certain active executives in the DCP a one‑time, short‑term election to reallocate a limited portion of their DCP holdings from phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock into other phantom investment funds. For further discussion of the aforementioned DCP reallocation, see Note 12 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

DCP participants’ holdings in phantom investment funds and amounts in the DCP attributable to certain non‑colleague participants are classified as liabilities in either Accruals and other current liabilities or Deferred compensation plan liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as they will be settled in cash upon eventual distribution. The deferred compensation plan liabilities are marked to market at the end of each reporting period, with changes in the liabilities recorded as an expense (income) to Deferred compensation plan in the consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred compensation plan (income) expense was $(5,138) and $167 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, DCP elective participant deferrals were $669 and $854, respectively. No discretionary contributions were made to the DCP during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock issuable by the DCP were 24,111,988 and 25,384,449, respectively.

The total liabilities related to the DCP is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	7,779	$	7,309
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	89,282		94,890
Total DCP liabilities	$	97,061	$	102,199

Note 13: Common Stock

Common Stock Issuances, Sales, and Repurchases

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 1,401,249 shares of Class B Common Stock to colleagues who exercised their stock options, net of 314,659 shares withheld at exercise to pay for the cost of the stock options, as well as for $7,651 of applicable income tax withholdings. The Company received $2,768 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company issued 1,263,121 shares of Class B Common Stock to colleagues who exercised their stock options, net of 262,210 shares withheld at exercise to pay for the cost of the stock options, as well as for $7,158 of applicable income tax withholdings. The Company received $1,751 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 149,855 shares of Class B Common Stock related to the exercise of acquisition options (see Note 15), net of 585,145 shares withheld at exercise to pay for the cost of the options. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the exercise of these options.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company issued 72,105 and 79,961 shares of Class B Common Stock, respectively, in connection with Bonus Plan incentive compensation, net of shares withheld. Of the total 128,496 shares awarded for the three months ended March 31, 2022, 56,391 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $2,192. Of the total 126,038 shares awarded for the three months ended March 31, 2021, 46,077 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $2,037.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company issued 809,751 and 339,503 shares of Class B Common Stock, respectively, to DCP participants in connection with distributions from the plan. The distribution in shares for the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled 1,310,061 shares of which 500,310 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $24,246. The distribution in shares for the three months ended March 31, 2021 totaled 556,475 shares of which 216,972 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $8,859.

Dividends

The Company declared cash dividends during the periods presented as follows:

	Dividend
	Per Share		Amount
2022:
First quarter	$	0.03	$	8,353
2021:
First quarter	$	0.03	$	8,219

Global Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Bentley Systems, Incorporated Global Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) provides eligible colleagues of the Company with an opportunity to contribute up to 15% of their eligible compensation toward the purchase of the Company’s Class B Common Stock at a discounted price, up to a maximum of $25 per year and subject to any other plan limitations. Unless otherwise determined by the board of directors, offering periods will run from January 1st (or the first trading day thereafter) through June 30th (or the first trading day prior to such date), and from July 1st (or the first trading day thereafter) through December 31st (or the first trading day prior to such date). The purchase price per share at which shares of Class B Common Stock are sold in an offering period under the ESPP will be equal to the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of a share of Class B Common Stock (i) on the first trading day of the offering period, or (ii) on the purchase date (i.e., the last trading day of the purchase period). During the three months ended March 31, 2022, colleagues who elected to participate in the ESPP purchased a total of 109,749 shares of Class B Common Stock, net of shares withheld, resulting in cash proceeds to the Company of $4,611. Of the total 112,249 shares purchased, 2,500 shares were sold back to the Company to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $121. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, no shares were issued under the ESPP. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $3,118 and $4,818 of ESPP withholding via colleague payroll deduction were recorded in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

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Note 14: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

	Foreign		Actuarial (Loss)
	Currency		Gain on
	Translation		Retirement Plan		Total
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	(90,867)	$	(907)	$	(91,774)
Other comprehensive income, before taxes	16,437		18		16,455
Tax expense	—		(5)		(5)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes	16,437		13		16,450
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	(74,430)	$	(894)	$	(75,324)

	Foreign		Actuarial (Loss)
	Currency		Gain on
	Translation		Retirement Plan		Total
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	(25,219)	$	(1,014)	$	(26,233)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before taxes	(9,182)		29		(9,153)
Tax expense	—		(8)		(8)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes	(9,182)		21		(9,161)
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	(34,401)	$	(993)	$	(35,394)

Note 15: Equity Awards and Instruments

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Total stock‑based compensation expense was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Bonus Plan expense (see Note 11)	$	8,161	$	6,124
Restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) expense (1)	5,365		1,497
Stock option expense	756		998
ESPP expense (see Note 13)	680		449
DCP elective participant deferrals expense (2) (see Note 12)	137		—
Total stock-based compensation expense (3)	$	15,099	$	9,068

(1)Includes acquisition‑related shares for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (see Note 4).

(2)DCP elective participant deferrals expense excludes deferred incentive bonus payable pursuant to the Bonus Plan.

(3)As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $8,658 and $6,749 remained in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

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Total stock‑based compensation expense is included in the consolidated statements of operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	$	385	$	89
Cost of services	383		243
Research and development	5,395		3,955
Selling and marketing	1,454		788
General and administrative	7,482		3,993
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	15,099	$	9,068

Stock‑based compensation expense is measured at the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized ratably over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Specifically for performance‑based RSUs, stock‑based compensation expense is measured at the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized ratably over the requisite service period based on the number of awards expected to vest at each reporting date. The Company accounts for forfeitures of equity awards as those forfeitures occur.

Stock Options

The following is a summary of stock option activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:

				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Stock	Exercise Price		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Options	Per Share		Life (in years)	Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	6,917,925	$	5.26
Exercised	(1,715,908)	4.42
Forfeited	(25,125)	5.56
Outstanding, March 31, 2022	5,176,892	$	5.54	1.6	$	200,026
Exercisable, March 31, 2022	3,144,392	$	5.55	1.6	$	121,455

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company received cash proceeds of $2,768 and $1,751, respectively, related to the exercise of stock options. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $62,025 and $61,267, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, there was $1,873 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.9 years.

Acquisition Options — In addition to stock options granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans, in connection with an acquisition completed in March 2018, the Company issued to certain selling shareholder entities options to acquire an aggregate of up to 900,000 shares of Class B Common Stock. The options have a five‑year term, were exercisable on March 27, 2022, and have an initial exercise price of $6.805 per share. The exercise price of the options is subject to a cap and collar adjustment mechanism that automatically reduces (but not to less than $0.01) or increases the exercise price based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the exercise date. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, 735,000 shares were exercised. As of March 31, 2022, 165,000 shares remain outstanding and have an aggregate intrinsic value of $1,465.

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Restricted Stock and RSUs

Under the equity incentive plans, the Company may grant both time‑based and performance‑based shares of restricted Class B Common Stock and RSUs to eligible colleagues. Time‑based awards generally vest ratably on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date. Performance‑based awards vesting is determined by the achievement of certain business profitability and growth targets, which include growth in annualized recurring revenues, as well as actual bookings for perpetual licenses and non‑recurring services, and certain non‑financial performance targets. Performance targets are generally set for annual performance periods.

The following is a summary of unvested restricted stock and RSU activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:

							Time-		Performance-
							Based		Based
			Time-		Performance-		Weighted		Weighted
	Total		Based		Based		Average		Average
	Restricted		Restricted		Restricted		Grant Date		Grant Date
	Stock		Stock		Stock		Fair Value		Fair Value
	and RSUs		and RSUs		and RSUs		Per Share		Per Share
Unvested, December 31, 2021	1,708,545		1,611,862		96,683	(4)	$	32.81	$	49.93
Granted	1,377,889	(1)	1,072,104	(3)	305,785	(5)	39.26		39.26
Vested	(95,877)		(4,707)		(91,170)	(4)	44.20		49.93
Forfeited	(20,044)		(14,531)		(5,513)		39.27		49.93
Unvested, March 31, 2022	2,970,513	(2)	2,664,728		305,785		$	35.35	$	39.26

(1)For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company only granted RSUs.

(2)Includes 67,957 RSUs which are expected to be settled in cash.

(3)Includes 199,076 time‑based RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 to certain officers and key employees, which cliff vest on January 31, 2025.

(4)Relates to the 2021 annual performance period. Total stock‑based compensation expense associated with these awards was fully recognized as of December 31, 2021.

(5)Relates to the 2022 annual performance period, except for 185,186 performance‑based RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 with extraordinary terms, which are described below.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted 185,186 performance‑based RSUs to certain officers and key employees, which vest subject to the achievement of certain performance goals over a three‑year performance period (the “Performance Period”). For each year of the Performance Period, one‑third of the performance‑based RSUs will be subject to a cliff, whereby no vesting of that portion will occur unless the Company’s Adjusted EBITDA margin also equals or exceeds the relevant target level for such year. Provided Adjusted EBITDA margin targets are met, the total number of performance‑based RSUs that will vest is determined by the achievement of certain business profitability and growth targets, which include growth in annualized recurring revenues, as well as actual bookings for perpetual licenses and non‑recurring services. Final actual vesting will be determined on January 31, 2025.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted 120,599 performance‑based RSUs to certain officers and key employees, which vest subject to the achievement of certain performance goals related to the 2022 annual performance period. Provided Adjusted EBITDA margin targets are met, the total number of performance‑based RSUs that will vest is determined by the achievement of certain business profitability and growth targets, which include growth in annualized recurring revenues, as well as actual bookings for perpetual licenses and non‑recurring services. To the extent performance exceeds the applicable targets for 2022, these grantees could realize a maximum of 1.25x the number of annual performance‑based RSUs granted or 150,749 performance‑based RSUs.

In 2016, the Company granted RSUs subject to performance‑based vesting as determined by the achievement of certain business growth targets. Certain colleagues elected to defer delivery of such shares upon vesting. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, 10,888 and 10,864 shares, respectively, were delivered to colleagues, and 7 and 14 additional shares, respectively, were earned as a result of dividends. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, 9,340 and 20,221 shares, respectively, of these vested and deferred RSUs remained outstanding.

The weighted average grant date fair values of RSUs granted were $39.26 and $45.32, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, restricted stock and RSUs were issued net of 38,955 and 14,869 shares, respectively, which were sold back to the Company to settle applicable income tax withholdings of $1,555 and $708, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, there was $83,341 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested time‑based restricted stock and RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.2 years. There was no remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested performance‑based restricted stock. As of March 31, 2022, there was $11,676 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested performance‑based RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.0 years.

Note 16: Income Taxes

The Company calculates its interim income tax provision in accordance with ASC Topics 270, Interim Reporting, and 740, Income Taxes. At the end of each interim period, the Company makes an estimate of the annual U.S. domestic and foreign jurisdictions’ expected effective tax rates and applies these rates to its respective year to date taxable income or loss. The computation of the estimated effective tax rates at each interim period requires certain estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the fiscal year, projections of the proportion of income (or loss) earned and taxed in the U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions, along with permanent differences, and the likelihood of deferred tax asset utilization. The Company’s estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained, or as the tax environment changes. Should facts and circumstances change during a period causing a material change to the estimated effective income tax rate, a cumulative adjustment will be recorded.

The income tax provisions for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were based on the estimated annual effective income tax rates adjusted for discrete items occurring during the periods presented. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized an aggregate consolidated income tax expense of $3,231 and $10,358, respectively, for U.S. domestic and foreign income taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded discrete tax benefits of $12,728 and $7,485, respectively, primarily associated with significant windfall tax benefits from stock‑based compensation, net of the impact from officer compensation limitation provisions. The effective income tax rate of 5.4% on Income before income taxes of $60,191 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was lower than the effective income tax rate of 15.3% on Income before income taxes of $67,810 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily due to an increase in discrete tax benefits as discussed above.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company repatriated $100,000 of undistributed previously taxed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. Subsequent to March 31, 2022, the Company repatriated $50,000 of accumulated undistributed previously taxed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries as of March 31, 2022 to the U.S. The repatriation was used to fund a portion of the acquisition of Power Line Systems (see Note 4). The cash repatriations did not have a material impact on Provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Note 17: Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instrument

The Company has an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $200,000 and a termination date of April 2, 2030 to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the Company’s Credit Facility. The interest rate swap is not designated as a hedging instrument for accounting purposes. The Company accounts for the interest rate swap as either an asset or a liability in the consolidated balance sheets and carries the derivative at fair value.

The following is a summary of the interest rate swap activity:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Recognized in Consolidated
	2022		2021		Statements of Operations
Interest rate swap:
Gain from change in fair value	$	12,084	$	13,661	Other income, net
Payments	294		301		Interest expense, net

Fair Value

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, for fair value measurements of financial assets and financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of non‑financial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, account receivables, certain other assets, accounts payable, accruals, certain other current and long‑term liabilities, and long‑term debt.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

Current assets and current liabilities — In general, the carrying amounts reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short‑term nature of those instruments.

Acquisition contingent consideration — The fair value of these liabilities is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of contingent consideration uses assumptions the Company believes would be made by a market participant.

Interest rate swap — The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap is measured based on the implied forward rates from the U.S. Dollar one‑month LIBOR yield curve and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

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Long-term debt — The fair value of the Company’s borrowings under its Credit Facility approximated its carrying value based upon discounted cash flows at current market rates for instruments with similar remaining terms. The Company considers these valuation inputs to be Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. As of March 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes was $681,030 and $502,257, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes was $720,284 and $531,915, respectively. The estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes is based on quoted market prices of the Company’s instrument in markets that are not active and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret the market data and develop estimates of fair values. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold, or settled.

Deferred compensation plan liabilities — The fair value of deferred compensation plan liabilities, including the liability classified phantom investments in the DCP, are marked to market at the end of each reporting period.

A financial asset or liability classification is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on management’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.

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The following tables provide the financial assets and financial liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis:

March 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	21	$	—	$	—	$	21
Interest rate swap (2)	—		22,201		—		22,201
Total assets	$	21	$	22,201	$	—	$	22,222
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration (3)	$	—	$	—	$	4,361	$	4,361
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (4)	97,061		—		—		97,061
Cash-settled equity awards (5)	497		—		—		497
Total liabilities	$	97,558	$	—	$	4,361	$	101,919

December 31, 2021	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	21	$	—	$	—	$	21
Interest rate swap (2)	—		10,117		—		10,117
Total assets	$	21	$	10,117	$	—	$	10,138
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration (3)	$	—	$	—	$	6,613	$	6,613
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (4)	102,199		—		—		102,199
Cash-settled equity awards (5)	353		—		—		353
Total liabilities	$	102,552	$	—	$	6,613	$	109,165

(1)Included in Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Included in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

(3)Included in Other liabilities, except for current liabilities of $3,401 and $5,382 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Acquisition contingent consideration liability is measured at fair value and is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of contingent consideration uses assumptions the Company believes would be made by a market participant.

(4)Included in Deferred compensation plan liabilities, except for current liabilities of $7,779 and $7,309 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

(5)Included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

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The following table is a reconciliation of the changes in fair value of the Company’s financial liabilities which have been classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:

	Three Months Ended		Year Ended
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Balance, beginning of year	$	6,613	$	4,299
Payments	(2,721)		(2,371)
Addition	—		4,544
Change in fair value	500		294
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(31)		(153)
Balance, end of period	$	4,361	$	6,613

The Company did not have any transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy.

Note 18: Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Commitment — In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various purchase commitments for goods and services. As of March 31, 2022, the non‑cancelable future cash purchase commitment for services related to the cloud provisioning of the Company’s software solutions was $41,947 through May 2023. The Company expects to fully consume its contractual commitment in the ordinary course of operations.

Operating Leases — The Company leases certain office facilities, office equipment, and automobiles under operating leases having initial or remaining non‑cancelable terms in excess of one year (see Note 8).

Litigation — From time to time, the Company is involved in certain legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In management’s opinion, based upon the advice of counsel, the outcome of such actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Note 19: Geographic Data

Revenues by geographic area are presented in Note 3. The following table presents the Company’s long‑lived assets (other than goodwill), net of depreciation and amortization by geographic region (see Notes 5, 6, and 8):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Americas (1)	$	188,292	$	99,500
EMEA	40,574		44,730
APAC	181,638		184,245
Total long-lived assets	$	410,504	$	328,475

(1)Americas includes the U.S., Canada, and Latin America (including the Caribbean).

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Note 20: Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net is comprised of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Interest expense (see Note 10)	$	(7,124)	$	(2,401)
Interest income	82		82
Interest expense, net	$	(7,042)	$	(2,319)

Note 21: Other Income, Net

Other income, net is comprised of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Foreign exchange (loss) gain (1)	$	(3,071)	$	792
Other income, net (2)	13,712		13,690
Total other income, net	$	10,641	$	14,482

(1)Foreign exchange (loss) gain is primarily attributable to foreign currency translation derived primarily from U.S. Dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, account receivables, customer deposits, and intercompany balances held by foreign subsidiaries.

(2)For the three months ended March 31, 2022, other income, net includes a gain from the change in fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap of $12,084 (see Note 17) and a gain on the sale of 50% of the Company’s interest in its aircraft of $2,029 (see Note 5), partially offset by a loss from the change in fair value of acquisition contingent consideration of $500. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, other income, net includes a gain from the change in fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap of $13,661 (see Note 17).

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Note 22: Net Income Per Share

The Company issues certain performance-based RSUs determined to be participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of the Company’s declaration of a dividend for common shares. As of March 31, 2022, there were 305,785 participating securities outstanding. As of March 31, 2021, there were no participating securities outstanding.

Undistributed net income allocated to participating securities are subtracted from net income in determining basic net income attributable to common stockholders. Basic net income per share is computed by dividing basic net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares, inclusive of undistributed shares held in the DCP as phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock.

For the Company’s diluted net income per share numerator, interest expense, net of tax, attributable to the conversion of the convertible senior notes is added back to basic net income attributable to common stockholders. For the Company’s diluted net income per share denominator, the basic weighted average number of shares is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including awards under the Company’s equity compensation plans and ESPP, and by the dilutive effect of the assumed conversion of the convertible senior notes. Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing diluted net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of fully diluted common shares.

Except with respect to voting and conversion, the rights of the holders of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and the Company’s Class B Common Stock are identical. Each class of shares has the same rights to dividends and allocation of income (loss) and, therefore, net income per share would not differ under the two‑class method.

The details of basic and diluted net income per share are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Numerator:
Net income	$	56,388	$	57,006
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities	(9)		—
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic	56,379		57,006
Add: Interest expense, net of tax, attributable to assumed conversion of convertible senior notes	1,695		130
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, diluted	$	58,074	$	57,136
Denominator:
Weighted average shares, basic	307,969,672		302,583,452
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs	5,542,252		11,388,113
Dilutive effect of ESPP	150,709		114,364
Dilutive effect of assumed conversion of convertible senior notes	17,667,623		7,650,720
Weighted average shares, diluted	331,330,256		321,736,649
Net income per share, basic	$	0.18	$	0.19
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.18	$	0.18

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The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would have been anti‑dilutive for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022	2021
Stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs	1,282,161	6,714
Total anti-dilutive securities	1,282,161	6,714

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K on file with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward‑looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are set forth in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q.

All amounts presented in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, except share and per share amounts, are presented in thousands. Additionally, many of the amounts and percentages have been rounded for convenience of presentation.

Overview:

We are a leading global provider of software for infrastructure engineering, enabling the work of civil, structural, geoprofessional, and plant engineering practitioners, their project delivery enterprises, and owner‑operators of infrastructure assets.

Our enduring commitment is to develop and support the most comprehensive portfolio of integrated software offerings across professional disciplines, project and asset lifecycles, infrastructure sectors, and geographies. Our software enables digital workflows across engineering disciplines, distributed project teams, from offices to the field, and across computing form factors, including desktops, on‑premises servers, cloud‑native services, mobile devices, and web browsers. We deliver our solutions via on‑premises, cloud, and hybrid environments. Our users engineer, construct, and operate projects and assets across the following infrastructure sectors:

•public works (including roads, rail, airports, ports, and water and wastewater networks)/utilities (including electric, gas, water, and communications). We estimate that this sector represents 52% of the net infrastructure asset value of the global top 500 infrastructure owners based on the 2021 edition of the Bentley Infrastructure 500 Top Owners, our annual compilation of the world’s largest infrastructure owners ranked by net depreciated value of their tangible fixed assets;

•industrial (including discrete and process manufacturing, power generation, and water treatment plants)/resources (including oil and gas, mining, and offshore). We estimate that this sector represents 34% of the global top 500 infrastructure owners’ net infrastructure asset value; and

•commercial/facilities (including office buildings, hospitals, and campuses). We estimate that this sector represents 14% of the global top 500 infrastructure owners’ net infrastructure asset value.

We offer solutions for enterprises and professionals across the infrastructure lifecycle. Our Engineering Applications and Geoprofessional Applications support the breadth of engineering and geoprofessional disciplines and are primarily desktop applications for professional practitioners. Our project delivery and asset performance Enterprise systems are provided via cloud and hybrid environments, developed respectively to extend enterprise collaboration during project delivery, and to manage and leverage engineering information during operations and maintenance. Our Industry Solutions solve domain‑specific problems for owners of infrastructure assets, and the project delivery ecosystems that support these owners. Our cloud-native iTwin Platform solutions enable digital twin workflows, which can span project and asset lifecycles.

We continue to make substantial investments in research and development because we believe the infrastructure engineering software market presents compelling opportunities for the application of new technologies that advance our current solutions. Our research and development roadmap balances technology advances and new offerings with continuous enhancements to existing offerings. Our allocation of research and development resources is guided by management‑established priorities, input from product managers, and user and sales force feedback.

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We bring our offerings to market primarily through direct sales channels that generated approximately 92% of our 2021 total revenues.

Our sources of revenue growth, in order of magnitude and excluding the impact from acquisitions, come from the recurrence of existing subscriptions revenues, additional revenue and growth from existing accounts using the same products, additional revenue and growth from existing accounts using new products, and growth from new accounts. For the year ended December 31, 2021, subscriptions represented 84% of our total revenues, and together with certain services revenues that are recurring in nature and represented 2% of our total revenues, bring the proportion of our recurring revenues to 86% of our total revenues. The remaining 14% of our revenues were generated from the sale of perpetual licenses and the delivery of non‑recurring services. We have a highly‑diversified account base, with our largest account representing no more than 2.5% of our total revenues in 2021. Our 2021 total revenues were also diversified by account type, size, and geography. Additionally, we believe that we have a loyal account base, with over 70% of our 2021 total revenues from organizations that have been our accounts for over ten years. Between 2002 and 2021, our total revenues had an approximately 8% compound annual growth rate.

Our Commercial Offerings:

Our solutions are made available to our accounts in a broad range of commercial offerings designed to accommodate the diverse preferences of our accounts, which range from owned versus subscribed, short‑term subscriptions versus longer term annual subscriptions, and fee‑certain arrangements versus variable or consumption‑based arrangements with consumption measurement durations of less than one year. We contract our commercial offerings under a single form of standard contract, which includes liability and other risk protections in our favor, and appropriate standard addendums to the primary contract, which specifically address the commercial offerings provided. Our standard commercial offerings are summarized in the table below, with further descriptions following the table:

SELECT Subscriptions. Our SELECT subscription is a prepaid annual recurring subscription that accompanies a new or previously purchased perpetual license. We believe that the SELECT benefits summarized below support our favorable rates of account retention and growth:

•Software upgrades;

•Comprehensive technical support;

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•License pooling providing accounts with efficiency advantages;

•Portfolio balancing providing accounts the opportunity to exchange unused or under used licenses with other of our license offerings;

•Learning benefits, Azure‑based cloud collaboration services, and mobility advantages; and

•Access to our entire application portfolio with usage of licenses not previously purchased monetized quarterly in arrears based on consumption. See the section titled “—Term License Subscriptions” below.

Enterprise Subscriptions. Our Enterprise subscription offerings provide our largest accounts with complete and unlimited global access to our comprehensive portfolio of solutions.

•Enterprise License Subscriptions (“ELS”). Our ELS offering provides access to our comprehensive portfolio of solutions for a fixed annual fee. Subsequent annual renewals are based on the account’s usage of software in the preceding year, effectively resulting in an annual consumption‑based arrangement. The majority of our ELS subscribers were historically SELECT subscribers that have grown into a position to take full advantage of our ELS offering.

•Enterprise 365 (“E365”) Subscriptions. Under our E365 subscription, participating accounts have unrestricted access to our comprehensive software portfolio, similar to ELS, however they are charged based upon daily usage. E365 subscriptions can contain quarterly usage floors or collars as accounts transition to the usage model or for accounts within the public sector. The daily usage fee also includes a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, hosting, and Success Blueprints, which are designed to achieve business outcomes through more efficient and effective use of our software. The E365 subscription offering was introduced during the fourth quarter of 2018. We are prioritizing efforts to transition ELS subscribers to E365 subscriptions, primarily to simplify pricing, more closely align consumption to monetization, and to establish Success Blueprints as recurring to ensure better business outcomes for our users. To the extent we succeed in transitioning subscribers to E365, we recognize a greater proportion of our revenues on a quarterly basis rather than substantially upfront. See the section titled “—Key Factors Impacting Comparability and Performance.”

Term License Subscriptions

Annual Term Licenses (“ATL”) Subscription. Annual term licenses are generally prepaid annually for named user access to specific products and include our Virtuoso subscriptions sold via our Virtuosity eStore for practitioner licenses. Virtuoso subscriptions are bundles with customizable training and expert consultation administered through “keys” or credits. ATL are also used to monetize site or enterprise wide access for certain of our AssetWise solutions within given usage bands.

Quarterly Term License (“QTL”) Subscription. Through quarterly term licenses, accounts pay quarterly in arrears for licenses they have used representing usage beyond their contracted quantities. Much like our Enterprise subscription programs, a QTL allows smaller- and medium‑sized accounts to match usage to ongoing project requirements.

Monthly Term License (“MTL”) Subscription. Monthly term licenses are identical to QTL subscriptions, except for the term of the license, and the manner in which they are monetized. MTL subscriptions require a Cloud Services Subscription, which is discussed below.

Visas and Passports. Visas and Passports are quarterly or annual term licenses enabling users to access specific project or enterprise information and entitles our users to certain functionality of our ProjectWise and AssetWise systems. Generally, a Passport provides desktop, web, and mobile application access to project information and certain functions, and a Visa provides similar access, plus added functionality depending upon the product to which the Visa is aligned.

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While certain legacy arrangements are supported, our standard offering requires Visas and Passports to be fulfilled and contracted via a CSS, which is discussed below.

Cloud Services Subscription (“CSS”). CSS is designed to streamline the procurement, administration, and payment process for us and our accounts. A CSS requires an upfront annual estimation of MTL, Visa and Passport consumption, and any Success Services expected for the upcoming year. A deposit for the annual estimated consumption is submitted in advance. Actual consumption is monitored and invoiced against the deposit on a calendar quarter basis. Accounts are charged only for what gets used and deposited amounts never expire.

Perpetual Licenses

We historically have sold perpetual licenses and continue to offer them to our accounts as an available option for most of our applications. Perpetual licenses are available for accounts that prefer to own their software licenses and may be sold with or without attaching a SELECT subscription. Historically, attachment and retention of the SELECT subscription has been high given the benefits of the SELECT subscription.

Services

We provide professional services, including training, implementation, configuration, customization, and strategic consulting services. We perform projects on both a time and materials and a fixed fee basis. Certain of our fixed‑fee arrangements, including our Success Services offerings, are structured as subscription‑like, packaged offerings that are annually recurring in nature. Success Services are standard service offerings that provide a level of dedicated professional services above the standard technical support offered to all accounts as part of their SELECT or Enterprise agreement.

Key Business Metrics:

We regularly review the following key metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends in our business, prepare financial projections, and make strategic decisions.

	Twelve Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022			2021
Last twelve-months recurring revenues	$	885,882		$	716,902
Constant Currency:
Annualized recurring revenues (“ARR”) growth rate	27		%	10		%
Account retention rate	98		%	98		%
Recurring revenues dollar-based net retention rate	108		%	107		%

Last twelve‑months recurring revenues. Last twelve‑months recurring revenues is calculated as recurring revenues recognized over the preceding twelve‑month period. We define recurring revenues as subscriptions revenues that recur monthly, quarterly, or annually with specific or automatic renewal clauses and services revenues in which the underlying contract is based on a fixed fee and contains automatic annual renewal provisions.

We believe that last twelve‑months recurring revenues is an important indicator of our performance during the immediately preceding twelve‑month time period. We believe that we will continue to experience favorable growth in recurring revenues primarily due to our strong account retention and recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rates, as well as the addition of new accounts with recurring revenues. The last twelve‑months recurring revenues for the periods ended March 31, 2022 compared to the last twelve‑months of the preceding twelve‑month period increased by $168,980. This increase was primarily due to growth in ARR, which is primarily the result of growing our recurring revenues within our existing accounts as expressed in our recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate, as well as additional recurring revenues resulting from new accounts and acquisitions. For the twelve months

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ended March 31, 2022, 87% of our revenues were recurring revenues.

Constant currency metrics. In reporting period‑over‑period results, we calculate the effects of foreign currency fluctuations and constant currency information by translating current period results using prior period average foreign currency exchange rates. Our definition of constant currency may differ from other companies reporting similarly named measures, and these constant currency performance measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as a substitute for, our operating performance measures calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

ARR growth rate. Our ARR growth rate is the growth rate of our ARR, measured on a constant currency basis. Our ARR is defined as the sum of the annualized value of our portfolio of contracts that produce recurring revenues as of the last day of the reporting period, and the annualized value of the last three months of recognized revenues for our contractually recurring consumption‑based software subscriptions with consumption measurement durations of less than one year. We believe that the last three months of recognized revenues, on an annualized basis, for our recurring software subscriptions with consumption measurement period durations of less than one year is a reasonable estimate of the annual revenues, given our consistently high retention rate and stability of usage under such subscriptions. ARR resulting from the annualization of recurring contracts with consumption measurement durations of less than one year, as a percentage of total ARR, was 39% and 38% as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Within our consumption‑measured ARR, the continuous uptake of our E365 subscription offering has increased daily consumption‑measured ARR, representing 30% of total ARR as of March 31, 2022. Our ARR growth rate was favorably impacted by the ARR onboarding from our platform acquisitions of Power Line Systems and Seequent Holdings Limited (“Seequent”) by 15% for the twelve months ended March 31, 2022. We believe that ARR and ARR growth are important metrics indicating the scale and growth of our business. Furthermore, we believe ARR, considered in connection with our recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate, is a leading indicator of revenue growth.

In March 2022, in response to the Russia‑Ukraine war, we announced a pause of sales in Russia and Belarus, in addition to our strict compliance with applicable sanctions, regimes, and other regulatory restrictions on business activities in those countries. As a result of the conflict, we have deemed our overall business recurrence in the affected countries to have been reduced by about 50%, and accordingly, have reduced our related ARR by $5,190. Our ARR as of March 31, 2022 was $962,550, calculated using the spot foreign exchange rates as of March 31, 2022.

Account retention rate. Our account retention rate for any given twelve-month period is calculated using the average currency exchange rates for the prior period, as follows: the prior period recurring revenues from all accounts with recurring revenues in the current and prior period, divided by total recurring revenues from all accounts during the prior period. Our account retention rate is an important indicator that provides insight into the long‑term value of our account relationships and our ability to retain our account base. We believe that our consistent and high account retention rates illustrate our ability to retain and cultivate long‑term relationships with our accounts.

Recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate. Our recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate is calculated using the average exchange rates for the prior period, as follows: the recurring revenues for the current period, including any growth or reductions from existing accounts, but excluding recurring revenues from any new accounts added during the current period, divided by the total recurring revenues from all accounts during the prior period. A period is defined as any trailing twelve months. We believe our recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate is a key indicator of our success in growing our revenues within our existing accounts. Given that recurring revenues represented 87% of our total revenues for the twelve months ended March 31, 2022, this metric helps explain our revenue performance as primarily growth into existing accounts. We believe that our consistent and high recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate illustrates our ability to consistently retain accounts and grow them.

Our calculation of these metrics may not be comparable to other companies with similarly‑titled metrics.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures:

In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we also use the below non‑GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Adjusted EBITDA	$	97,616	$	82,976
Adjusted Net Income	79,556		64,130

Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income adjusted for interest expense, net, provision (benefit) for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock‑based compensation, expense (income) relating to deferred compensation plan liabilities, acquisition expenses, other non‑operating (income) expense, net, and (income) loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax.

Adjusted Net Income. We define Adjusted Net Income as net income adjusted for the following: amortization of purchased intangibles and developed technologies, stock‑based compensation, expense (income) relating to deferred compensation plan liabilities, acquisition expenses, other non‑operating (income) expense, net, the tax effect of the above adjustments to net income, and (income) loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax. The income tax effect of non‑GAAP adjustments was determined using the applicable rates in the taxing jurisdictions in which income or expense occurred, and represent both current and deferred income tax expense or benefit based on the nature of the non‑GAAP adjustments, including the tax effects of non‑cash stock‑based compensation expense.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are not presentations made in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and our use of the terms Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income may vary from the use of similarly titled measures by others in our industry due to the potential inconsistencies in the method of calculation and differences due to items subject to interpretation. We believe the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income provides useful information to management and investors regarding financial and business trends related to our results of operations and that when non‑GAAP financial information is viewed with U.S. GAAP financial information, investors are provided with a more meaningful understanding of our ongoing operating performance. We also use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income to compare our results to those of our competitors and to consistently measure our performance from period to period. During the third quarter of 2021, we modified our definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income to adjust for expense (income) relating to deferred compensation plan liabilities and amounts for all periods herein reflect application of the modified definition.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income should not be considered as alternatives to net income, operating income, or any other performance measures derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP as measures of operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income have important limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP.

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Reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Net income	$	56,388	$	57,006
Interest expense, net	7,042		2,319
Provision for income taxes	3,231		10,358
Depreciation and amortization (1)	17,212		8,993
Stock-based compensation (3)	14,953		8,913
Deferred compensation plan (4)	(5,138)		167
Acquisition expenses (5)	13,997		9,256
Other income, net (6)	(10,641)		(14,482)
Loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax	572		446
Adjusted EBITDA	$	97,616	$	82,976

Reconciliation of net income to Adjusted Net Income:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Net income	$	56,388	$	57,006
Non-GAAP adjustments, prior to income taxes:
Amortization of purchased intangibles and developed technologies (2)	12,928		4,683
Stock-based compensation (3)	14,953		8,913
Deferred compensation plan (4)	(5,138)		167
Acquisition expenses (5)	13,997		9,256
Other income, net (6)	(10,641)		(14,482)
Total non-GAAP adjustments, prior to income taxes	26,099		8,537
Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments	(3,503)		(1,859)
Loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax	572		446
Adjusted Net Income	$	79,556	$	64,130

Further explanation of certain of our adjustments in arriving at Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are as follows:

(1)Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization includes amortization of $1,636 and $1,687 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to certain projects under our Accelerated Commercial Development Program (“ACDP”).

(2)Amortization of purchased intangibles and developed technologies. Amortization of purchased intangibles varies in amount and frequency and is significantly impacted by the timing and size of our acquisitions. Management finds it useful to exclude these non‑cash charges from our operating expenses to assist in budgeting, planning, and forecasting future periods. The use of intangible assets and developed technologies contributed to our revenues earned during the periods presented and will also contribute to our revenues in future periods. Amortization of purchased intangible assets and developed technologies will recur in future periods.

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(3)Stock‑based compensation. We exclude certain stock‑based compensation expenses from our non‑GAAP measures primarily because they are non‑cash expenses and management finds it useful to exclude certain non‑cash charges to assess the appropriate level of various operating expenses to assist in budgeting, planning, and forecasting future periods. Moreover, because of the variety of award types and subjective assumptions that companies can use under Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, we believe excluding stock‑based compensation expenses allows investors to make meaningful comparisons between our recurring core business results of operations and those of other companies.

(4)Deferred compensation plan. In August 2021, our board of directors approved an amendment to the amended and restated Bentley Systems, Incorporated Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “DCP”), which offered to certain active executives in the DCP a one‑time, short‑term election to reallocate a limited portion of their DCP holdings from phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock into other phantom investment funds. For further discussion of the aforementioned DCP reallocation, see Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K. Deferred compensation plan liabilities are marked to market at the end of each reporting period, with changes in the liabilities recorded as an expense (income) to Deferred compensation plan in the consolidated statements of operations. We exclude Deferred compensation plan expense (income) because it is not reflective of our ongoing business and results of operation. We believe it is useful for investors to understand the effects of this item on our total operating expenses.

(5)Acquisition expenses. We incur expenses for professional services rendered in connection with business combinations, which are included in our U.S. GAAP presentation of general and administrative expense. Also included in our acquisition expenses are retention incentives paid to executives of the acquired companies. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, $9,773 of our acquisition expenses related to our platform acquisition of Power Line Systems. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, $6,716 of our acquisition expenses related to our platform acquisition of Seequent. We exclude these acquisition expenses when we evaluate our continuing operational performance as we would not have otherwise incurred these expenses in the periods presented as part of our continuing operations.

(6)Other income, net. Primarily consists of foreign exchange losses (gains) of $3,071 and $(792) for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The foreign exchange losses (gains) derive primarily from United States (“U.S.”) Dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, customer deposits, and intercompany balances held by foreign subsidiaries. The gains and losses from such translations are included in Other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, other income, net includes a gain from the change in fair value of our interest rate swap of $12,084 and a gain on the sale of 50% of our interest in our aircraft of $2,029, partially offset by a loss from the change in fair value of acquisition contingent consideration of $500. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, other income, net includes a gain from the change in fair value of our interest rate swap of $13,661. We exclude these charges because they are not reflective of ongoing business and results of operations. We believe it is useful for investors to understand the effects of these items on our total expenses.

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Key Factors Impacting Comparability and Performance:

Highlights for the three months ended March 31, 2022. In addition to our performance previously discussed in “—Key Business Metrics” and “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures,” and as discussed further below in “—Results of Operations” and “—Liquidity and Capital Resources,” our consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were impacted by our January 31, 2022 platform acquisition of Power Line Systems for $695,968 in cash, net of cash acquired. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we incurred $9,773 of expenses related to the acquisition of Power Line Systems.

Acquisitions. Historically, we have enhanced our business with acquisitions of businesses, software solutions, and technologies. Going forward, we plan to selectively acquire adjacent software solutions that can be sold broadly across our account base, as well as to acquire new technologies that we can leverage across our existing software solution portfolio. We completed one and three acquisitions for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our three months ended March 31, 2022 consolidated financial statements were meaningfully impacted by our platform acquisitions of Power Line Systems described above, and Seequent, which was completed on June 17, 2021.

Impact of foreign currency. A portion of our total revenues and operating expenses were derived from outside the U.S. and as such, were denominated in various foreign currencies, including most significantly: Euros, British Pounds, Australian Dollars, Canadian Dollars, Chinese Yuan Renminbi, and New Zealand Dollars. Our financial results are therefore affected by changes in foreign currency rates. In 2021, 47% of our total revenues were denominated in various foreign currencies. Correspondingly, in 2021, 42% of our total operating expenses were denominated in various foreign currencies. Other than the natural hedge attributable to matching revenues and expenses in the same currencies, we do not currently hedge foreign currency exposure. Accordingly, our results of operations have been, and in the future will be, affected by changes in foreign exchange rates.

We identify the effects of foreign currency on our operations and present constant currency growth rates and fluctuations because we believe exchange rates are an important factor in understanding period‑over‑period comparisons and enhance the understanding of our results and evaluation of our performance. In reporting period to period results, we calculate the effects of foreign currency fluctuations and constant currency information by translating current period results using prior period average foreign currency exchange rates. Our definition of constant currency may differ from other companies reporting similarly named measures, and these constant currency performance measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as a substitute for, our operating performance measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

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Results of Operations:

The following table sets forth selected consolidated statements of operations data for each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Revenues:
Subscriptions	$	241,233	$	188,125
Perpetual licenses	10,205		10,116
Subscriptions and licenses	251,438		198,241
Services	24,079		23,764
Total revenues	275,517		222,005
Cost of revenues:
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	33,727		28,945
Cost of services	22,058		20,344
Total cost of revenues	55,785		49,289
Gross profit	219,732		172,716
Operating expense (income):
Research and development	61,273		47,803
Selling and marketing	45,945		32,440
General and administrative	51,154		33,221
Deferred compensation plan	(5,138)		167
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,906		3,438
Total operating expenses	163,140		117,069
Income from operations	56,592		55,647
Interest expense, net	(7,042)		(2,319)
Other income, net	10,641		14,482
Income before income taxes	60,191		67,810
Provision for income taxes	(3,231)		(10,358)
Loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax	(572)		(446)
Net income	56,388		57,006
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities	(9)		—
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	$	56,379	$	57,006
Per share information:
Net income per share, basic	$	0.18	$	0.19
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.18	$	0.18
Weighted average shares, basic	307,969,672		302,583,452
Weighted average shares, diluted	331,330,256		321,736,649

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In reporting period‑over‑period results, we calculate the effects of foreign currency fluctuations and constant currency information by translating current period results using prior period average foreign currency exchange rates. Our definition of constant currency may differ from other companies reporting similarly named measures, and these constant currency performance measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as a substitute for, our operating performance measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

Revenues

					Comparison
	Three Months Ended								Constant
	March 31,								Currency
	2022		2021		Amount		%		%
Subscriptions	$	241,233	$	188,125	$	53,108	28.2	%	32.0	%
Perpetual licenses	10,205		10,116		89		0.9	%	5.9	%
Subscriptions and licenses	251,438		198,241		53,197		26.8	%	30.7	%
Services	24,079		23,764		315		1.3	%	2.8	%
Total revenues	$	275,517	$	222,005	$	53,512	24.1	%	27.7	%

The increase in total revenues was primarily driven by the impact from acquisitions in subscriptions revenues and improvements in our business performance, partially offset by the overall negative foreign currency effects due to a stronger U.S. Dollar relative to our other functional currencies. We define business performance as our organic growth results inclusive of the impact from certain programmatic acquisitions, which generally are immaterial, individually and in the aggregate.

•Subscriptions. On a constant currency basis, the increase in subscriptions revenues was driven primarily by the impact from acquisitions of approximately $42,700 and improvements in our business performance of approximately $17,500.

The acquisition impact was due to our platform acquisitions of Seequent and Power Line Systems and includes organic growth within their existing accounts. The increase in business performance was driven by expansion within our existing accounts, and growth of 3% attributable to new accounts exclusive of acquisitions, most notability smaller- and medium-sized accounts. Improvements in business performance for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were led by our civil design, SYNCHRO, and geoprofessional products.

•Perpetual licenses. On a constant currency basis, the increase in perpetual licenses revenues was driven primarily by the impact from our Seequent platform acquisition of approximately $1,000, partially offset by a reduction in our business performance of approximately $400.

•Services. On a constant currency basis, services revenues increased approximately $700 driven primarily by favorable contributions of approximately $3,200 from Maximo Ontracks digital integrator services in Americas, and to a lesser extent, from growth in our Asset Performance digital integrator services, partially offset by reductions from project and contracting delays primarily related to acquisition integrations, the effect of ongoing transition of historically classified services revenues into subscriptions revenues for accounts converting to our E365 subscription offering with embedded Success Services, and declines in Maximo digital integrator services in Europe.

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Revenues by Geographic Area

Revenues are allocated to individual countries based upon the location of users. Revenues by geographic area are as follows:

					Comparison
	Three Months Ended								Constant
	March 31,								Currency
	2022		2021		Amount		%		%
Americas	$	154,260	$	108,862	$	45,398	41.7	%	42.5	%
Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (“EMEA”)	77,480		73,848		3,632		4.9	%	11.4	%
Asia-Pacific (“APAC”)	43,777		39,295		4,482		11.4	%	17.0	%
Total revenues by geographic area	$	275,517	$	222,005	$	53,512	24.1	%	27.7	%

•Americas. On a constant currency basis, the increase in revenues from the Americas was driven primarily by an increase in subscriptions revenues from our Seequent and Power Line Systems platform acquisitions of approximately $29,000 and improvements in our business performance of approximately $16,300. The increase in business performance was primarily due to expansion of our recurring subscriptions revenues from existing accounts in the U.S.

•EMEA. On a constant currency basis, the increase in revenues from EMEA was driven primarily by an increase in subscriptions revenues from our Seequent platform acquisition of approximately $8,400, partially offset by a reduction in our business performance of approximately $300 primarily driven by a decrease in perpetual licenses and services revenues.

•APAC. On a constant currency basis, the increase in revenues from APAC was driven primarily by an increase in subscriptions revenues from our Seequent platform acquisition of approximately $5,100 and improvements in our business performance of approximately $1,400. The increase in business performance was primarily due to expansion of our recurring subscriptions revenues from existing accounts in India and Australia.

Cost of Revenues

					Comparison
	Three Months Ended								Constant
	March 31,								Currency
	2022		2021		Amount		%		%
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	$	33,727	$	28,945	$	4,782	16.5	%	19.5	%
Cost of services	22,058		20,344		1,714		8.4	%	10.4	%
Total cost of revenues	$	55,785	$	49,289	$	6,496	13.2	%	15.7	%

On a constant currency basis, cost of subscriptions and licenses increased primarily due to an increase in headcount‑related costs of approximately $2,700, primarily due to our platform acquisition of Seequent and annual salary adjustments, and an increase in amortization expense for software and technology of approximately $1,900.

On a constant currency basis, cost of services increased primarily due to an increase in headcount‑related costs of approximately $2,600, primarily due to digital integrator business acquisitions and annual salary adjustments, partially offset by a decrease in facility-related costs of approximately $400.

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Operating Expense (Income)

					Comparison
	Three Months Ended								Constant
	March 31,								Currency
	2022		2021		Amount		%		%
Research and development	$	61,273	$	47,803	$	13,470	28.2	%	30.8	%
Selling and marketing	45,945		32,440		13,505		41.6	%	44.8	%
General and administrative	51,154		33,221		17,933		54.0	%	55.6	%
Deferred compensation plan	(5,138)		167		(5,305)		*		*
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,906		3,438		6,468		188.1	%	196.1	%
Total operating expenses	$	163,140	$	117,069	$	46,071	39.4	%	42.0	%

*Not meaningful

Research and development. On a constant currency basis, research and development expenses increased primarily due to an increase in headcount-related costs of approximately $13,400, primarily due to our platform acquisition of Seequent and annual salary adjustments.

Selling and marketing. On a constant currency basis, selling and marketing expenses increased primarily due to an increase in headcount-related costs of approximately $11,600, primarily due to our platform acquisition of Seequent and annual salary adjustments, and an increase in promotional costs of approximately $1,400.

General and administrative. On a constant currency basis, general and administrative expenses increased primarily due to an increase headcount-related costs of approximately $10,500, an increase in acquisition expenses of approximately $3,700, primarily due to expenses related to our platform acquisition of Power Line Systems, and an increase in third party subscription software and facilities costs of approximately $2,200. The approximate $10,500 increase in headcount-related costs was primarily comprised of an increase in salaries costs of approximately $6,000, primarily due to our platform acquisition of Seequent and annual salary adjustments, and an increase in stock‑based compensation expense of approximately $3,500.

Deferred compensation plan. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, deferred compensation plan income was $5,138 as compared to deferred compensation plan expense of $167 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. These amounts were attributable to the marked to market impact on deferred compensation plan liability balances period over period.

Amortization of purchased intangibles. On a constant currency basis, amortization of purchased intangibles increased primarily due to amortization from recently acquired purchased intangibles.

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Interest Expense, Net

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Interest expense	$	(7,124)	$	(2,401)
Interest income	82		82
Interest expense, net	$	(7,042)	$	(2,319)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Revolving loan facility	$	(2,225)	$	(729)
Term loan	(1,067)		—
Interest rate swap	(294)		(301)
Convertible senior notes, coupon interest	(755)		(154)
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	(1,778)		(1,229)
Other, net	(923)		94
Interest expense, net	$	(7,042)	$	(2,319)

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, interest expense, net increased from the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily due to a higher outstanding average balance under the revolving loan facility, and interest expense on the term loan and the convertible senior notes.

Other Income, Net

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Foreign exchange (loss) gain	$	(3,071)	$	792
Other income, net	13,712		13,690
Total other income, net	$	10,641	$	14,482

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, total other income, net consists of foreign exchange (losses) gains of $(3,071) and $792, respectively. The foreign exchange (losses) gains derive primarily from U.S. Dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, customer deposits, and intercompany balances held by foreign subsidiaries.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, other income, net includes a gain from the change in fair value of our interest rate swap of $12,084 and a gain on the sale of 50% of our interest in our aircraft of $2,029, partially offset by a loss from the change in fair value of acquisition contingent consideration of $500. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, other income, net includes a gain from the change in fair value of our interest rate swap of $13,661.

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Provision for Income Taxes

The income tax provisions for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were based on the estimated annual effective income tax rates adjusted for discrete items occurring during the periods presented. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized an aggregate consolidated income tax expense of $3,231 and $10,358, respectively, for U.S. domestic and foreign income taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recorded discrete tax benefits of $12,728 and $7,485, respectively, primarily associated with significant windfall tax benefits from stock‑based compensation, net of the impact from officer compensation limitation provisions. The effective income tax rate of 5.4% on Income before income taxes of $60,191 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was lower than the effective income tax rate of 15.3% on Income before income taxes of $67,810 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily due to an increase in discrete tax benefits as discussed above.

Net Income

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Net income	$	56,388	$	57,006

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, net income decreased by $618, or 1.1%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. Net income as a percentage of total revenues was 20.5% and 25.7%, respectively. The changes are due to the factors described above.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Adjusted EBITDA	$	97,616	$	82,976
Adjusted Net Income	$	79,556	$	64,130

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, Adjusted EBITDA increased by $14,640 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of total revenues was 35.4% and 37.4%, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, Adjusted Net Income increased by $15,426 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. Adjusted Net Income as a percentage of total revenues was 28.9% for both the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

For additional information, including the limitations of using non‑GAAP financial measures, and reconciliations of the non‑GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, see the section titled “—Non‑GAAP Financial Measures.”

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Liquidity and Capital Resources:

Our primary source of operating cash is from the sale of subscriptions, perpetual licenses, and services. Our primary use of cash is payment of our operating costs, which consist primarily of colleague-related expenses, such as compensation and benefits, as well as general operating expenses for marketing, facilities, and overhead costs. In addition to operating expenses, we also use cash to pay quarterly dividends, to service our debt obligations, and for capital expenditures in support of our operations. We also use cash to fund our acquisitions of software assets and businesses, and other investment activities of BSY Investments, including iTwin Ventures for which, over a period of approximately 5 years, we expect to invest up to $100 million of corporate venture capital funding for seed, early, and growth stage technology companies with promising and emerging opportunities for infrastructure digital twin solutions strategically relevant to our business. In connection with the acquisition of Power Line Systems in January 2022, we used available cash and borrowings under our Credit Facility (described below) to fund the transaction.

Our cash and cash equivalent balances are concentrated in a few locations around the world, with substantial amounts held outside of the U.S. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, 95% and 48%, respectively, of our total cash and cash equivalents were located outside of the U.S. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we repatriated $100,000 of undistributed previously taxed earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. Subsequent to March 31, 2022, we repatriated $50,000 of accumulated undistributed previously taxed earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries as of March 31, 2022 to the U.S. The repatriation was used to fund a portion of the acquisition of Power Line Systems. We expect to meet our U.S. liquidity needs through ongoing cash flows or external borrowings including available liquidity under the Credit Facility. We regularly review our capital structure and consider a variety of potential financing alternatives and planning strategies to ensure that we have the proper liquidity available in the locations in which it is needed and to fund our operations and growth investments with cash that has not been permanently reinvested outside the U.S.

We believe that existing cash and cash equivalent balances, together with cash generated from operations, and liquidity under the Credit Facility, will be sufficient to meet our domestic and international working capital and capital expenditure requirements through the next twelve months. However, our future capital requirements may be materially different than those currently planned in our budgeting and forecasting activities and depend on many factors, including our strategy of regularly acquiring and integrating specialized infrastructure engineering software businesses, our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending on research and development, the expansion of our sales and marketing activities, the timing of new product introductions, market acceptance of our products, competitive factors, currency fluctuations, and overall economic conditions, globally. To the extent that current and anticipated future sources of liquidity are insufficient to fund our future business activities and requirements, we may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. The sale of additional equity would result in additional dilution to our stockholders, while the incurrence of debt financing, including convertible debt, would result in debt service obligations. Such debt instruments also could introduce covenants that might restrict our operations. We cannot provide assurance that we could obtain additional financing on favorable terms or at all.

Cash and cash equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash held in checking accounts and money market funds maintained at various financial institutions. The following table presents our domestic and foreign holdings of cash and cash equivalents:

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents held domestically	$	7,094	$	170,267
Cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries	122,523		159,070
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	129,617	$	329,337

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The amount of cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries is subject to translation adjustments caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of the end of each respective reporting period, the offset to which is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss on our consolidated balance sheets.

Bank Credit Facility

We have an amended and restated Credit Agreement, which provides for an $850,000 senior secured revolving loan facility with a maturity date of November 15, 2025 and a $200,000 senior secured term loan as described further below (the “Credit Facility”).

Our $200,000 senior secured term loan has a maturity of November 15, 2025 (the “2021 Term Loan”). The 2021 Term Loan requires principal repayment at the end of each calendar quarter. Beginning with March 31, 2022 and ending with December 31, 2023, we are required to repay $1,250 per quarter. Beginning with March 31, 2024 and ending with the last such date prior to the maturity date, we are required to repay $2,500 per quarter. We incurred $540 of debt issuance costs related to the 2021 Term Loan. We used borrowings under the 2021 Term Loan to pay down borrowings under the swingline sub‑facility and revolving loan facility under the Credit Facility.

In addition to the senior secured revolving loan facility, the Credit Facility also provides up to $50,000 of letters of credit and other borrowings subject to availability, including a $85,000 U.S. Dollar swingline sub‑facility and a $200,000 incremental “accordion” sub‑facility. We had $150 of letters of credit and surety bonds outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had $409,634 and $849,850, respectively, available under the Credit Facility.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by all of our first tier domestic subsidiaries and are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of our and the guarantors’ U.S. assets and 65% of the stock of their directly owned foreign subsidiaries. The Credit Facility contains both affirmative and negative covenants, including maximum net leverage ratios. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all covenants in our Credit Facility.

Interest rate risk associated with the Credit Facility is managed through an interest rate swap which has a termination date of April 2, 2030. Under the terms of the interest rate swap, we fixed our London Interbank Offered Rate borrowing rate at 0.73% on a notional amount of $200,000. The interest rate swap is not designated as a hedging instrument for accounting purposes. We account for the interest rate swap as either an asset or a liability in the consolidated balance sheets and carry the derivative at fair value. Gains and losses from the change in fair value are recognized in Other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we recorded a swap related asset at fair value of $22,201 and $10,117, respectively, in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

The weighted average interest rate under the Credit Facility was 2.32% and 1.90% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Convertible Senior Notes

2027 Notes. On June 28, 2021, we completed a private offering of $575,000 of 0.375% convertible senior notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2027 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 28, 2021, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “2027 Indenture”). Interest will accrue from June 28, 2021 and will be payable semi‑annually in arrears in cash on January 1 and July 1 of each year, with the first payment due on January 1, 2022. The 2027 Notes will mature on July 1, 2027, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. We incurred $15,065 of expenses in connection with the 2027 Notes offering consisting of the payment of initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions, professional fees, and other expenses (“transaction costs”). We used $25,875 of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2027 Notes to pay the premiums of the capped call options described further below, and $536,062 to repay outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility and to pay related fees and expenses.

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Prior to April 1, 2027, the 2027 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of our Class B Common Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (such ten consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of our Class B Common Stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on our Class B Common Stock, as described in the 2027 Indenture; and (4) if we call the 2027 Notes for redemption. On or after April 1, 2027 until 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, the 2027 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder at any time.

We will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of our Class B Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of our Class B Common Stock, at our election, based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 12.0153 shares of our Class B Common Stock per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $83.23 per share, and is subject to adjustment as described in the 2027 Indenture. If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2027 Indenture) occurs, then we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.

We will have the option to redeem the 2027 Notes in whole or in part at any time on or after July 5, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date if the last reported sale price per share of our Class B common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we send the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date we send such notice. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Upon a fundamental change (as defined in the 2027 Indenture), holders may, subject to certain exceptions, require us to purchase their 2027 Notes in whole or in part for cash at a price equal to the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date (as defined in the 2027 Indenture). In addition, upon a Make‑Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2027 Indenture), we will, under certain circumstances, increase the applicable conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its 2027 Notes in connection with such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change. No adjustment to the conversion rate will be made if the stock price in such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change is either less than $61.65 per share or greater than $325.00 per share. We will not increase the conversion rate to an amount that exceeds 16.2206 shares per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes, subject to adjustment. The 2027 Indenture also contains a customary merger covenant.

The 2027 Notes were accounted for as debt, with no bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature. Transaction costs were recorded as a direct deduction from the related debt liability in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2027 Notes. The effective interest rate for the 2027 Notes is 0.864%.

As of March 31, 2022, none of the conditions of the 2027 Notes to early convert has been met.

The 2027 Notes contain both affirmative and negative covenants. As of March 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants in the 2027 Notes.

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Capped Call Options. In connection with the pricing of the 2027 Notes, we entered into capped call options with certain of the initial purchasers or their respective affiliates and certain other financial institutions. We incurred $50 of expenses in connection with the capped call options. The capped call options are expected to reduce potential dilution to our Class B Common Stock upon any conversion of 2027 Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the capped call options is initially $95.5575 per share, which represents a premium of 55% above the last reported sale price per share of our Class B Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 23, 2021 and is subject to customary adjustments under the terms of the capped call options.

The capped call options were entered into in conjunction with the issuance of the 2027 Notes, however, they are legally separate agreements that can be separately exercised, with the receipt of shares under the capped call options having no effect on the 2027 Notes, and are legally detachable. As the capped call options are both legally detachable and separately exercisable from the 2027 Notes, we account for the capped call options separately from the 2027 Notes. The capped call options are indexed to our own common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity. As such, the premiums paid for the capped call options have been included as a net reduction to Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet.

2026 Notes. On January 26, 2021, we completed a private offering of $690,000 of 0.125% convertible senior notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”). The 2026 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of January 26, 2021, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “2026 Indenture”). Interest will accrue from January 26, 2021 and will be payable semi‑annually in arrears in cash on January 15 and July 15 of each year, with the first payment due on July 15, 2021. The 2026 Notes will mature on January 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. We incurred $18,055 of expenses in connection with the 2026 Notes offering consisting of transaction costs. We used $25,530 of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2026 Notes to pay the premiums of the capped call options described further below, and approximately $250,500 to repay outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility and to pay related fees and expenses. We used the remainder of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2026 Notes for general corporate purposes and towards funding certain acquisitions, including Seequent.

Prior to October 15, 2025, the 2026 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of our Class B Common Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (such ten consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of our Class B Common Stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on our Class B Common Stock, as described in the 2026 Indenture; and (4) if we call the 2026 Notes for redemption. On or after October 15, 2025 until 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, the 2026 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder at any time.

We will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of our Class B Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of our Class B Common Stock, at our election, based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 15.5925 shares of our Class B Common Stock per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $64.13 per share, and is subject to adjustment as described in the 2026 Indenture. If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2026 Indenture) occurs, then we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.

59

We will have the option to redeem the 2026 Notes in whole or in part at any time on or after January 20, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date if the last reported sale price per share of our Class B common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we send the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date we send such notice. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Upon a fundamental change (as defined in the 2026 Indenture), holders may, subject to certain exceptions, require us to purchase their 2026 Notes in whole or in part for cash at a price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date (as defined in the 2026 Indenture). In addition, upon a Make‑Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2026 Indenture), we will, under certain circumstances, increase the applicable conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its 2026 Notes in connection with such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change. No adjustment to the conversion rate will be made if the stock price in such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change is either less than $44.23 per share or greater than $210.00 per share. We will not increase the conversion rate to an amount that exceeds 22.6090 shares per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes, subject to adjustment. The 2026 Indenture also contains a customary merger covenant.

The 2026 Notes were accounted for as debt, with no bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature. Transaction costs were recorded as a direct deduction from the related debt liability in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Notes. The effective interest rate for the 2026 Notes is 0.658%.

As of March 31, 2022, none of the conditions of the 2026 Notes to early convert has been met.

The 2026 Notes contain both affirmative and negative covenants. As of March 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants in the 2026 Notes.

Capped Call Options. In connection with the pricing of the 2026 Notes, we entered into capped call options with certain of the initial purchasers or their respective affiliates and certain other financial institutions. We incurred $150 of expenses in connection with the capped call options. The capped call options are expected to reduce potential dilution to our Class B Common Stock upon any conversion of 2026 Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the capped call options is initially $72.9795 per share, which represents a premium of 65% above the last reported sale price per share of our Class B Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on January 21, 2021 and is subject to customary adjustments under the terms of the capped call options.

The capped call options were entered into in conjunction with the issuance of the 2026 Notes, however, they are legally separate agreements that can be separately exercised, with the receipt of shares under the capped call options having no effect on the 2026 Notes, and are legally detachable. As the capped call options are both legally detachable and separately exercisable from the 2026 Notes, we account for the capped call options separately from the 2026 Notes. The capped call options are indexed to our own common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity. As such, the premiums paid for the capped call options have been included as a net reduction to Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet.

60

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes our cash flow activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2021
Net Cash Provided By (Used In):
Operating activities	$	101,731	$	132,798
Investing activities	(700,575)		(60,630)
Financing activities	399,931		372,137

Operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $101,731 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Compared to the same period in the prior year, net cash provided by operating activities was lower by $31,067 due to a net decrease in net cash flows from the change in operating assets and liabilities of $49,851 and a decrease in net income of $618, partially offset by a net increase in non‑cash adjustments of $19,402. The net decrease in cash flows from the change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily related to lower incremental CSS deposits period over period and the overall timing of tax payments.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, net cash provided by operating activities was $132,798 due to net income of $57,006 increased by $8,070 of non‑cash adjustments and $67,722 from changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $700,575 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to $695,968 in acquisition related payments, net of cash acquired, to complete one acquisition.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, net cash used in investing activities was $60,630, primarily due to $57,975 in acquisition related payments, net of cash acquired, to complete three acquisitions.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $399,931 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in net borrowings under the Credit Facility of $438,966, partially offset by net payments for shares acquired of $35,117.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities was $372,137, primarily due to the net proceeds from the 2026 Notes of $672,750, partially offset by a decrease in net borrowings under the Credit Facility of $246,000 and the purchase of capped call options of $25,530.

Subsequent Event after March 31, 2022

In April 2022, we completed one acquisition. The acquisition is not expected to be material to our consolidated financial statements.

61

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no significant changes in our market risk exposure as described in Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K on file with the SEC.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management maintains disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will necessarily prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within Bentley Systems, Incorporated have been detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a or 15d of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

62

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are subject from time to time to various legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of our business. Although the outcome of these and other claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the ultimate resolution of pending matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. We currently believe that we do not have any material litigation pending against us.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K on file with the SEC, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

From January 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022, we issued 10,881 shares of our Class B Common Stock pursuant to the vesting of restricted stock units.

From January 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022, we issued 809,751 shares of our Class B Common Stock in connection with distributions from our amended and restated Bentley Systems, Incorporated Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan.

From January 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022, we issued 735,000 shares of our Class B Common Stock pursuant to exercised options, which were issued to certain selling shareholder entities in connection with an acquisition completed in March 2018.

The offers, sales, and issuances of these securities were exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance upon Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act as transactions under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701 or in reliance upon Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering. None of the foregoing transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering. The issuances of these securities were made without any general solicitation or advertising.

63

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit
Number	Description
31.1*	Certification of CEO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
31.2*	Certification of CFO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
32.1*	Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document—the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover page formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

* Filed or furnished herewith. The certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q is not deemed filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Bentley Systems, Incorporated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

64

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Bentley Systems, Incorporated
Date: May 10, 2022	By:	/s/ WERNER ANDRE
		Werner Andre
		Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

65

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Management Certification Pursuant to

Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Gregory S. Bentley, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10‑Q of Bentley Systems, Incorporated (the “registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 10, 2022

/s/ GREGORY S. BENTLEY

Gregory S. Bentley

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Management Certification Pursuant to

Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Werner Andre, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10‑Q of Bentley Systems, Incorporated (the “registrant”);

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 10, 2022

/s/ WERNER ANDRE

Werner Andre

Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to

18 U.S.C. Section 1350,

as Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Bentley Systems, Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10‑Q for the period ended March 31, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to his knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 10, 2022

/s/ GREGORY S. BENTLEY

Gregory S. Bentley

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ WERNER ANDRE

Werner Andre

Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	May 03, 2022
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39548
Entity Registrant Name	BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	95-3936623
Entity Address, Address Line One	685 Stockton Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	Exton
Entity Address, State or Province	PA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	19341
City Area Code	610
Local Phone Number	458-5000
Title of 12(b) Security	Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	BSY
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Central Index Key	0001031308
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Class A Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		11,601,757
Class B Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		275,932,539

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 129,617	$ 329,337
Accounts receivable	233,032	241,807
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(7,486)	(6,541)
Prepaid income taxes	26,254	16,880
Prepaid and other current assets	32,644	34,348
Total current assets	414,061	615,831
Property and equipment, net	32,043	31,823
Operating lease right-of-use assets	49,432	50,818
Intangible assets, net	329,029	245,834
Goodwill	2,217,578	1,588,477
Investments	8,680	6,438
Deferred income taxes	47,683	71,376
Other assets	59,797	48,646
Total assets	3,158,303	2,659,243
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	19,058	16,483
Accruals and other current liabilities	351,273	323,603
Deferred revenues	215,448	224,610
Operating lease liabilities	16,963	17,482
Income taxes payable	5,048	6,696
Current portion of long-term debt	5,000	5,000
Total current liabilities	612,790	593,874
Long-term debt	1,871,527	1,430,992
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	89,282	94,890
Long-term operating lease liabilities	34,907	35,274
Deferred revenues	13,006	7,983
Deferred income taxes	58,316	65,014
Income taxes payable	7,718	7,725
Other liabilities	13,104	14,269
Total liabilities	2,700,650	2,250,021
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 100,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021	0	0
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 11,601,757 shares as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and Class B Common Stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 1,800,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 273,532,336 and 270,924,962 shares as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	2,851	2,825
Additional paid-in capital	957,498	937,805
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(75,324)	(91,774)
Accumulated deficit	(427,372)	(439,634)
Total stockholders’ equity	457,653	409,222
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 3,158,303	$ 2,659,243

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Preferred stock par value (USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred stock shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Class A Common Stock
Common stock par value (USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock shares issued (in shares)	11,601,757	11,601,757
Common stock shares outstanding (in shares)	11,601,757	11,601,757
Class B Common Stock
Common stock par value (USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock shares authorized (in shares)	1,800,000,000	1,800,000,000
Common stock shares issued (in shares)	273,532,336	270,924,962
Common stock shares outstanding (in shares)	273,532,336	270,924,962

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 275,517	$ 222,005
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	55,785	49,289
Gross profit	219,732	172,716
Operating expense (income):
Research and development	61,273	47,803
Selling and marketing	45,945	32,440
General and administrative	51,154	33,221
Deferred compensation plan	(5,138)	167
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,906	3,438
Total operating expenses	163,140	117,069
Income from operations	56,592	55,647
Interest expense, net	(7,042)	(2,319)
Other income, net	10,641	14,482
Income before income taxes	60,191	67,810
Provision for income taxes	(3,231)	(10,358)
Loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax	(572)	(446)
Net income	56,388	57,006
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities	(9)	0
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	$ 56,379	$ 57,006
Per share information:
Net income per share, basic (USD per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.19
Net income per share, diluted (USD per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.18
Weighted average shares, basic (in shares)	307,969,672	302,583,452
Weighted average shares, diluted (in shares)	331,330,256	321,736,649
Subscriptions and licenses
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 251,438	$ 198,241
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	33,727	28,945
Subscriptions
Revenues:
Total revenues	241,233	188,125
Perpetual licenses
Revenues:
Total revenues	10,205	10,116
Services
Revenues:
Total revenues	24,079	23,764
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	$ 22,058	$ 20,344

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 56,388	$ 57,006
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	16,437	(9,182)
Actuarial gain on retirement plan, net of tax effect of $(5) and $(8), respectively	13	21
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes	16,450	(9,161)
Comprehensive income	$ 72,838	$ 47,845

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Actuarial gain on retirement plan, tax effect	$ (5)	$ (8)

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional paid-in capital	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated deficit
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		272,154,504
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 341,599	$ 2,722	$ 741,113	$ (26,233)	$ (376,003)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	57,006				57,006
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(9,161)			(9,161)
Purchase of capped call options, net of tax of $6,250	(19,430)		(19,430)
Dividends declared	(8,219)				(8,219)
Shares issued in connection with deferred compensation plan, net (in shares)		339,503
Shares issued in connection with deferred compensation plan, net	(8,859)	$ 3			(8,862)
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	854		854
Shares issued in connection with Executive Bonus Plan, net (in shares)		79,961
Shares issued in connection with Executive Bonus Plan, net	3,537	$ 1	5,573		(2,037)
Stock option exercises, net (in shares)		1,263,121
Stock option exercises, net	(5,407)	$ 12	1,739		(7,158)
Stock-based compensation expense	2,786		2,786
Shares related to restricted stock, net (in shares)		(114,606)
Shares related to restricted stock, net	(709)	$ (1)			(708)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021		273,722,483
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2021	353,997	$ 2,737	732,635	(35,394)	(345,981)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		282,526,719
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	409,222	$ 2,825	937,805	(91,774)	(439,634)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	56,388				56,388
Other comprehensive income (loss)	16,450			16,450
Dividends declared	(8,353)				(8,353)
Shares issued in connection with deferred compensation plan, net (in shares)		809,751
Shares issued in connection with deferred compensation plan, net	(24,246)	$ 8			(24,254)
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	669		669
Shares issued in connection with Executive Bonus Plan, net (in shares)		72,105
Shares issued in connection with Executive Bonus Plan, net	2,804	$ 1	4,995		(2,192)
Shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan (in shares)		109,749
Shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan	4,490	$ 1	4,610		(121)
Stock option exercises, net (in shares)		1,401,249
Stock option exercises, net	(4,883)	$ 14	2,754		(7,651)
Acquisition option exercises, net (in shares)		149,855
Acquisition option exercises, net	0	$ 1	(1)
Stock-based compensation expense	6,667		6,667
Shares related to restricted stock, net (in shares)		64,665
Shares related to restricted stock, net	(1,555)	$ 1	(1)		(1,555)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		285,134,093
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 457,653	$ 2,851	$ 957,498	$ (75,324)	$ (427,372)

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Purchase of capped call options, tax	$ 6,250

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 56,388	$ 57,006
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	17,212	8,993
Bad debt allowance	955	746
Deferred income taxes	9,042	966
Stock-based compensation expense	15,099	8,913
Deferred compensation plan	(5,138)	1,021
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	1,778	1,229
Change in fair value of derivative	(12,084)	(13,661)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	500	0
Change on fair value of investments	(112)	0
Gain on sale of aircraft	(2,029)	0
Foreign currency remeasurement loss (gain)	1,677	(583)
Loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax	572	446
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	8,691	14,903
Prepaid and other assets	5,718	8,257
Accounts payable, accruals, and other liabilities	26,791	54,977
Deferred revenues	(12,515)	(21,889)
Income taxes payable, net of prepaid income taxes	(10,814)	11,474
Net cash provided by operating activities	101,731	132,798
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment and investment in capitalized software	(4,176)	(2,655)
Proceeds from sale of aircraft	2,380	0
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(695,968)	(57,975)
Other investing activities	(2,811)	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(700,575)	(60,630)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from credit facilities	563,912	16,000
Payments of credit facilities	(123,696)	(262,000)
Proceeds from convertible senior notes, net of discounts and commissions	0	672,750
Payments of debt issuance costs	0	(3,777)
Purchase of capped call options	0	(25,530)
Repayment of term loan	(1,250)	0
Payments of financing leases	(48)	(50)
Payments of acquisition debt and other consideration	(2,721)	(25)
Payments of dividends	(8,528)	(8,219)
Payments for shares acquired including shares withheld for taxes	(35,117)	(18,763)
Proceeds from stock purchases under employee stock purchase plan	4,611	0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	2,768	1,751
Net cash provided by financing activities	399,931	372,137
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(807)	3,225
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(199,720)	447,530
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	329,337	122,006	$ 122,006
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	129,617	569,536	$ 329,337
Supplemental information:
Cash paid for income taxes	6,766	4,214
Income tax refunds	798	4,519
Interest paid	5,296	766
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Contingent acquisition consideration	0	549
Deferred, non-contingent consideration, net	0	1,718
Convertible senior notes expenses included in Accounts payable and Accruals and other current liabilities	0	605
Capped call options expenses included in Accounts payable	0	150
Share-settled Executive Bonus Plan awards	4,996	5,574
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	$ 669	$ 855

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Bentley Systems, Incorporated (“Bentley” or the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K on file with the SEC. In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring and non-recurring adjustments) that were considered necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows at the dates and for the periods indicated. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The December 31, 2021 consolidated balance sheet included herein is derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

Business Combinations — On January 31, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Power Line Systems, a leader in software for the design of overhead electric power transmission lines and their structures, for $695,968 in cash, net of cash acquired. On June 17, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Seequent Holdings Limited (“Seequent”), a leader in software for geological and geophysical modeling, geotechnical stability, and cloud services for geodata management and collaboration, for $883,336 in cash, net of cash acquired, plus 3,141,342 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock (see Note 4).

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020‑04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020‑04”), which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. ASU 2020‑04 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The expedients and exceptions provided by ASU 2020‑04 do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The Company had no transactions that were impacted by ASU 2020‑04 during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customer

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customer

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Nature of Products and Services

The Company generates revenues from subscriptions, perpetual licenses, and services.

Subscriptions

SELECT subscriptions — The Company provides prepaid annual recurring subscriptions that accounts (which are based on distinct contractual and billing relationships with the Company, where affiliated entities of a single parent company may each have an independent account with the Company) can elect to add to a new or previously purchased perpetual license. SELECT provides accounts with benefits, including upgrades, comprehensive technical support, pooled licensing benefits, annual portfolio balancing exchange rights, learning benefits, certain Azure‑based cloud collaboration services, mobility advantages, and access to other available benefits. SELECT subscriptions revenues are recognized as distinct performance obligations are satisfied. The performance obligations within the SELECT offering, outside of the portfolio balancing exchange right, are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of recognition. These performance obligations are accounted for ratably over the term as a single performance obligation.

Enterprise subscriptions — The Company also provides Enterprise subscription offerings, which provide its largest accounts with complete and unlimited global access to the Company’s comprehensive portfolio of solutions. Enterprise License Subscriptions (“ELS”) provide access for a prepaid fee, which is based on the account’s usage of software in the preceding year, to effectively create a fee‑certain consumption‑based arrangement. ELS contain a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, and performance consulting days. The SELECT maintenance and support benefits under ELS do not include a portfolio balancing performance obligation. Revenue is allocated to the various performance obligations based on their respective standalone selling price (“SSP”). Revenue allocated to the term license component is recognized upon delivery at the start of the subscription term while revenues for the SELECT maintenance and support and the performance consulting days are recognized as delivered over the subscription term. Billings in advance are recorded as Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets.

Enterprise 365 (“E365”) subscriptions provide unrestricted access to the Company’s comprehensive software portfolio, similar to ELS, however, the accounts are charged based upon daily usage. The daily usage fee also includes a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, hosting, and Success Blueprints, which are designed to achieve business outcomes through more efficient and effective use of the Company’s software. E365 revenues are recognized based upon usage incurred by the account. Usage is defined as distinct user access on a daily basis. E365 subscriptions can contain quarterly usage floors or collars as accounts transition to the usage model or for accounts within the public sector. The term of E365 subscriptions aligns with calendar quarters and revenue is recognized based on actual usage.

Term license subscriptions — The Company provides annual, quarterly, and monthly term licenses for its software products. Term license subscriptions contain a term license component and SELECT maintenance and support. Revenue is allocated to the various performance obligations based on their SSP. Annual term licenses (“ATL”) are generally prepaid annually for named user access to specific products and include the Company’s Virtuoso subscriptions sold via the Company’s Virtuosity eStore for practitioner licenses. Virtuoso subscriptions are bundles with customizable training and expert consultation administered through “keys” or credits. Quarterly term license (“QTL”) subscriptions allow accounts to pay quarterly in arrears for license usage that is beyond their prepaid subscriptions. Monthly term license (“MTL”) subscriptions are identical to QTL subscriptions, except for the term of the license, and the manner in which they are monetized. MTL subscriptions require a Cloud Services Subscription (“CSS”), which is described below. For ATL, revenue allocated to the term license component is recognized upon delivery at the start of the subscription term while revenue for the SELECT maintenance and support is recognized as delivered over the subscription term. For Virtuoso keys, revenue is recognized as services are delivered. Billings in advance are recorded as Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets. For usage‑based QTL and MTL subscriptions, revenues are recognized based upon usage incurred by the account. Usage is defined as peak usage over the respective terms. The terms of QTL and MTL subscriptions align with calendar quarters and calendar months, respectively, and revenue is recognized based on actual usage.

Visas and Passports are quarterly or annual term licenses enabling users to access specific project or enterprise information and entitles users to certain functionality of the Company’s ProjectWise and AssetWise systems. The Company’s standard offerings are usage based with monetization through the Company’s CSS program as described below.

CSS is a program designed to streamline the procurement, administration, and payment process. The program requires an estimation of annual usage for CSS eligible offerings and a deposit of funds in advance. Actual consumption is monitored and invoiced against the deposit on a calendar quarter basis. CSS balances not utilized for eligible products or services may roll over to future periods or are refundable. Paid and unconsumed CSS balances are recorded in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Software and services consumed under CSS are recognized pursuant to the applicable revenue recognition guidance for the respective software or service and classified as subscriptions or services based on their respective nature.

Perpetual licenses

Perpetual licenses may be sold with or without attaching a SELECT subscription. Historically, attachment and retention of the SELECT subscription has been high given the benefits of the SELECT subscription discussed above. Perpetual licenses revenues are recognized upon delivery of the license to the user.

Services

The Company provides professional services, including training, implementation, configuration, customization, and strategic consulting services. The Company performs projects on both a time and materials and a fixed fee basis. Certain of the Company’s fixed‑fee arrangements, including its Success Services offerings, are structured as subscription‑like, packaged offerings that are annually recurring in nature. Success Services are standard service offerings that provide a level of dedicated professional services above the standard technical support offered to all accounts as part of their SELECT or Enterprise agreement. Revenues are recognized as services are performed.

The Company primarily utilizes its direct internal sales force and also has arrangements through independent channel partners to promote and sell Bentley products and subscriptions to end‑users. Channel partners are authorized to promote the sale of an authorized set of Bentley products and subscriptions within an authorized geography under a Channel Partner Agreement.

Significant Judgments and Estimates

The Company’s contracts with customers may include promises to transfer licenses (perpetual or term‑based), maintenance, and services to a user. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations, and if so, the allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation. When an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations which are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, the Company accounts for those performance obligations as a single performance obligation. For contracts with more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative SSP of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP when it sells each of the products and services separately and needs to determine whether there is a discount that should be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services.

The Company’s SELECT agreement provides users with perpetual licenses a right to exchange software for other eligible perpetual licenses on an annual basis upon renewal. The Company refers to this option as portfolio balancing and has concluded that the portfolio balancing feature represents a material right resulting in the deferral of the associated revenue. Judgment is required to estimate the percentage of users who may elect to portfolio balance and considers inputs such as historical user elections. This feature is available once per term and must be exercised prior to the respective renewal term. The Company recognizes the associated revenue upon election or when the portfolio balancing right expires. This right is included in the initial and subsequent renewal terms and the Company reestablishes the revenue deferral for the material right upon the beginning of the renewal term. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has deferred $17,724 and $18,020, respectively, related to portfolio balancing exchange rights which is included in Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Contract assets	$	309	$	336
Deferred revenues	228,454		232,593

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s contract assets relate to performance obligations completed in advance of the right to invoice and are included in Prepaid and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets were not impaired as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Deferred revenues consist of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscriptions and services. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to users.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, $97,005 of revenues that were included in the December 31, 2021 deferred revenues balance were recognized. There were additional deferrals of $94,522, which were primarily related to new billings and acquisitions (see Note 4). For the three months ended March 31, 2021, $91,125 of revenues that were included in the December 31, 2020 deferred revenues balance were recognized. There were additional deferrals of $78,210, which were primarily related to new billings.

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company’s contracts with customers include amounts allocated to performance obligations that will be satisfied at a later date. As of March 31, 2022, amounts allocated to these remaining performance obligations are $228,454, of which the Company expects to recognize 94.3% over the next 12 months with the remaining amount thereafter.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following table details revenues:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Subscriptions:
SELECT subscriptions	$	66,598	$	66,140
Enterprise subscriptions (1)	81,827		71,015
Term license subscriptions	92,808		50,970
Subscriptions	241,233		188,125
Perpetual licenses	10,205		10,116
Subscriptions and licenses	251,438		198,241
Services:
Recurring	4,701		6,077
Other	19,378		17,687
Services	24,079		23,764
Total revenues	$	275,517	$	222,005

(1)Enterprise subscriptions includes revenue attributable to E365 subscriptions of $68,598 and $48,265 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company recognizes perpetual licenses and the term license component of subscriptions as revenue when either the licenses are delivered or at the start of the subscription term. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $125,225 and $95,625 of license related revenues, respectively, of which $115,020 and $85,509, respectively, were attributable to the term license component of the Company’s subscription based commercial offerings recorded in Subscriptions in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company derived 7% and 8% of its total revenues through channel partners for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Revenue to external customers is attributed to individual countries based upon the location of the customer.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Americas (1)	$	154,260	$	108,862
Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (“EMEA”) (2)	77,480		73,848
Asia-Pacific (“APAC”)	43,777		39,295
Total revenues	$	275,517	$	222,005

(1)Americas includes the United States (“U.S.”), Canada, and Latin America (including the Caribbean). Revenue attributable to the U.S. totaled $116,133 and $92,940 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2)Revenue attributable to the United Kingdom totaled $22,291 and $22,383 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Acquisitions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

AcquisitionsOn January 31, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Power Line Systems, a leader in software for the design of overhead electric power transmission lines and their structures, for $695,968 in cash, net of cash acquired. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed a number of acquisitions, for an aggregate purchase price of $1,269,844. On June 17, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Seequent, a leader in software for geological and geophysical modeling, geotechnical stability, and cloud services for geodata management and collaboration, for $883,336 in cash, net of cash acquired, plus 3,141,342 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock. The operating results of the acquired businesses, except for Seequent, were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and financial position.

The aggregate details of the Company’s acquisition activity are as follows:

	Acquisitions Completed in
	Three Months Ended		Year Ended
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Number of acquisitions	1		13
Cash paid at closing (1)	$	715,114	$	1,072,820
Cash acquired	(19,146)		(37,837)
Net cash paid	$	695,968	$	1,034,983

(1)Of the cash paid at closing for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021, $3,000 and $8,701, respectively, was deposited into an escrow account to secure any potential indemnification and other obligations of the seller.

The fair value of the contingent consideration from acquisitions is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	3,401	$	5,382
Other liabilities	960		1,231
Contingent consideration from acquisitions	$	4,361	$	6,613

The fair value of non-contingent consideration from acquisitions is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	3,522	$	4,751
Other liabilities	6,180		6,177
Non-contingent consideration from acquisitions	$	9,702	$	10,928

The operating results of the acquired businesses are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the closing date of each respective acquisition. The purchase price for each acquisition has been allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values at the respective acquisition date.

The Company is in the process of finalizing the purchase accounting for Power Line Systems. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed were provisionally recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The initial accounting for Power Line Systems is not complete because the evaluation necessary to assess the fair values of certain net assets acquired is still in process. The provisional amounts are subject to revision until the evaluations are completed to the extent that additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. The allocation of the purchase price may be modified from the date of the acquisition as more information is obtained about the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, however, such measurement period cannot exceed one year.Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and are recorded in General and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred acquisition expenses of $10,574 and $6,861, respectively, which include costs related to legal, accounting, valuation, insurance, general administrative, and other consulting fees. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, $9,773 of the Company’s acquisition expenses related to the acquisition of Power Line Systems, and $6,716 of the Company’s acquisition expenses related to the acquisition of Seequent for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

The following summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the weighted average useful lives assigned to acquired intangible assets at the respective date of each acquisition (including contingent consideration):

	Acquisitions Completed in
	Three Months Ended		Year Ended
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Consideration:
Cash paid at closing	$	715,114	$	1,072,820
Shares issued at closing (1)(2)	—		182,390
Contingent consideration	—		4,544
Deferred, non-contingent consideration, net	—		10,090
Total consideration	$	715,114	$	1,269,844
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	19,146	$	37,837
Accounts receivable and other current assets	1,098		24,174
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,237		12,095
Property and equipment	963		4,383
Other assets	—		874
Software and technology (weighted average useful life of 5 years)	9,700		43,560
Customer relationships (weighted average useful life of 10 and 9 years, respectively)	78,300		158,555
Trademarks (weighted average useful life of 10 years)	5,200		38,256
In-process research and development	—		3,700
Total identifiable assets acquired excluding goodwill	115,644		323,434
Accruals and other current liabilities	(610)		(27,649)
Deferred revenues	(10,219)		(26,245)
Operating lease liabilities	(1,237)		(11,988)
Deferred income taxes	(6,865)		(53,342)
Other liabilities	—		(716)
Total liabilities assumed	(18,931)		(119,940)
Net identifiable assets acquired excluding goodwill	96,713		203,494
Goodwill	618,401		1,066,350
Net assets acquired	$	715,114	$	1,269,844

(1)Of the total 3,141,342 shares issued at closing, 83,627 shares are subject to forfeiture if post‑closing employment service conditions are not met. Accordingly, $5,452 is being recorded as stock‑based compensation expense over the related forfeiture period of two years (see Note 15).

(2)A fair value adjustment of $16,943 was applied to the stock consideration due to restrictions on the transfer of securities.

The fair values of the working capital, other assets (liabilities), and property and equipment approximated their respective carrying values as of the acquisition date.

The fair values of deferred revenues were determined in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies (see Note 3).

The fair values of the intangible assets were primarily determined using the income approach. When applying the income approach, indications of fair values were developed by discounting future net cash flows to their present values at market‑based rates of return. The cash flows were based on estimates used to price the acquisitions and the discount rates applied were benchmarked with reference to the implied rate of return from the Company’s pricing model and the weighted average cost of capital.

Goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisitions was attributable to synergies expected to arise from cost saving opportunities, as well as future expected cash flows. The Company expects $519,564 of the goodwill recorded relating to the acquisition of Power Line Systems will be deductible for income tax purposes.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

Had the acquisition of Seequent been made at the beginning of 2020, unaudited pro forma total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 would have been $255,783. Net income, net income per share, basic, and net income per share, diluted for the three months ended March 31, 2021 would not have been materially different than the amounts reported primarily due to the pro forma adjustments to reflect the amortization of purchased intangibles and the cost to finance the transaction, net of the related tax effects.

The unaudited pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information combines the historical results of the Company, the adjusted historical results of Seequent considering the date the Company completed the acquisition of Seequent, and the effects of the pro forma adjustments described above.

Acquisition Subsequent to March 31, 2022

In April 2022, the Company completed one acquisition. The acquisition is not expected to be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Property and Equipment, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Land	$	2,811	$	2,811
Building and improvements	36,366		35,188
Computer equipment and software	49,169		47,651
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment	14,400		14,274
Aircraft	2,038		4,075
Other	59		61
Property and equipment, at cost	104,843		104,060
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(72,800)		(72,237)
Total property and equipment, net	$	32,043	$	31,823

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $2,490 and $2,497, respectively.

Related Party Equipment Sale

In January 2022, the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors authorized the Company to sell 50% of its interest in the Company’s aircraft at fair market value to an entity controlled by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The transaction was completed on February 1, 2022 for $2,380 and resulted in a gain of $2,029, which was recorded in Other income, net in the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Subsequent to the transaction, ongoing operating and fixed costs of the aircraft are shared on a proportional use basis subject to a cost-sharing agreement. Such costs were not material during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Pursuant to FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 850, Related Party Disclosures, the Company determined this transaction was to a related party.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

Balance, December 31, 2021	$	1,588,477
Acquisitions	618,401
Foreign currency translation adjustments	10,828
Other adjustments	(128)
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	2,217,578

Details of intangible assets other than goodwill are as follows:

		March 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Estimated Useful Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Software and technology	3-5 years	$	95,909	$	(50,327)	$	45,582	$	101,588	$	(63,225)	$	38,363
Customer relationships	3-10 years	324,657		(91,288)		233,369		245,325		(83,799)		161,526
Trademarks	3-10 years	68,703		(22,422)		46,281		63,080		(20,893)		42,187
Non-compete agreements	5 years	350		(156)		194		350		(139)		211
		489,619		(164,193)		325,426		410,343		(168,056)		242,287
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
In-process research and development		3,603		—		3,603		3,547		—		3,547
Total intangible assets		$	493,222	$	(164,193)	$	329,029	$	413,890	$	(168,056)	$	245,834

The aggregate amortization expense for purchased intangible assets with finite lives was reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	$	3,022	$	1,151
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,906		3,438
Total amortization expense	$	12,928	$	4,589

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Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Investments

Investments

Investments consist of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cost method investments	$	8,538	$	6,438
Equity method investment	142		—
Total investments	$	8,680	$	6,438

Through iTwin Ventures, the Company invests in technology development companies, generally in the form of equity interests or convertible notes. The Company recorded these investments under the cost method. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company invested $2,111 in cost method investments.

The Company accounts for Digital Construction Works, Inc. (“DCW”) using the equity method. DCW, a 50%-owned joint venture with Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc., operates as a digital integrator of software and cloud services for the construction industry. DCW’s focus is to transform the construction industry from its legacy document‑centric paradigm by simplifying and enabling digital automated workflows and processes, technology integration, and digital twinning services for infrastructure. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company invested $700 in DCW. Pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 850, Related Party Disclosures, the Company has determined that DCW is a related party. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, transactions between the Company and DCW were not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The Company’s operating leases consist of office facilities, office equipment, and automobiles, and the Company’s finance lease consists of computer equipment. The finance lease is not material for the periods presented. As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than one year to nine years, some of which include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms from one year to ten years and some of which include options to terminate the leases from less than one year to five years.

For contracts with lease and non‑lease components, the Company has elected not to allocate the contract consideration, and account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Payments under the Company’s lease arrangements are primarily fixed, however, certain lease agreements contain variable payments, which are expensed as incurred and not included in the operating lease assets and liabilities. Variable lease cost may include common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities, and fluctuations in rent due to a change in an index or rate. The Company has elected not to recognize a right‑of‑use asset or lease liability for short‑term leases (leases with a term of twelve months or less). Short‑term leases are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight‑line basis over the lease term.

The components of operating lease cost reflected in the consolidated statements of operations were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Operating lease cost (1)	$	5,753	$	4,543
Variable lease cost	1,273		968
Short-term lease cost	5		4
Total operating lease cost	$	7,031	$	5,515

(1)Operating lease cost includes rent cost related to operating leases for office facilities of $5,553 and $4,351 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Other information related to leases was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	5,114	$	4,686
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1)	$	2,876	$	614

(1)Right‑of‑use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities does not include the impact from acquisitions of $1,237 and $192 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 4.1 years as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The weighted average discount rate was 2.6% and 2.5% as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Maturities of operating lease liabilities are as follows:

	March 31, 2022
Remainder of 2022	$	14,267
2023	14,311
2024	9,624
2025	6,911
2026	4,440
Thereafter	6,146
Total future lease payments	55,699
Less: Imputed interest	(3,829)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	51,870

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had additional operating lease minimum lease payments of $956 for executed leases that have not yet commenced, primarily for office locations.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the financing lease was as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Property and equipment	$	471	$	484
Accumulated depreciation	(471)		(453)
Property and equipment, net	$	—	$	31
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	48	$	98
Total financing lease liabilities	$	48	$	98

Leases

Leases

The Company’s operating leases consist of office facilities, office equipment, and automobiles, and the Company’s finance lease consists of computer equipment. The finance lease is not material for the periods presented. As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than one year to nine years, some of which include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms from one year to ten years and some of which include options to terminate the leases from less than one year to five years.

For contracts with lease and non‑lease components, the Company has elected not to allocate the contract consideration, and account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Payments under the Company’s lease arrangements are primarily fixed, however, certain lease agreements contain variable payments, which are expensed as incurred and not included in the operating lease assets and liabilities. Variable lease cost may include common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities, and fluctuations in rent due to a change in an index or rate. The Company has elected not to recognize a right‑of‑use asset or lease liability for short‑term leases (leases with a term of twelve months or less). Short‑term leases are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight‑line basis over the lease term.

The components of operating lease cost reflected in the consolidated statements of operations were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Operating lease cost (1)	$	5,753	$	4,543
Variable lease cost	1,273		968
Short-term lease cost	5		4
Total operating lease cost	$	7,031	$	5,515

(1)Operating lease cost includes rent cost related to operating leases for office facilities of $5,553 and $4,351 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Other information related to leases was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	5,114	$	4,686
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1)	$	2,876	$	614

(1)Right‑of‑use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities does not include the impact from acquisitions of $1,237 and $192 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 4.1 years as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The weighted average discount rate was 2.6% and 2.5% as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Maturities of operating lease liabilities are as follows:

	March 31, 2022
Remainder of 2022	$	14,267
2023	14,311
2024	9,624
2025	6,911
2026	4,440
Thereafter	6,146
Total future lease payments	55,699
Less: Imputed interest	(3,829)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	51,870

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had additional operating lease minimum lease payments of $956 for executed leases that have not yet commenced, primarily for office locations.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the financing lease was as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Property and equipment	$	471	$	484
Accumulated depreciation	(471)		(453)
Property and equipment, net	$	—	$	31
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	48	$	98
Total financing lease liabilities	$	48	$	98

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Accruals and Other Current Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accruals and Other Current Liabilities

Accruals and Other Current Liabilities

Accruals and other current liabilities consist of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
CSS deposits	$	200,589	$	162,046
Accrued benefits	41,927		36,656
Accrued compensation	29,437		37,725
Due to customers	14,500		12,798
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	7,779		7,309
Accrued indirect taxes	6,457		7,520
Accrued acquisition stay bonus	5,838		9,461
Accrued cloud provisioning costs	5,396		5,862
Accrued professional fees	3,945		6,940
Non-contingent consideration from acquisitions	3,522		4,751
Contingent consideration from acquisitions	3,401		5,382
Employee stock purchase plan contributions	3,118		4,818
Other accrued and current liabilities	25,364		22,335
Total accruals and other current liabilities	$	351,273	$	323,603

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Long‑Term Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long‑Term Debt

Long‑term debt consists of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Bank credit facility:
Revolving loan facility	$	440,216	$	—
Term loan:
Principal	198,750		200,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(500)		(534)
Term loan net carrying value	198,250		199,466
Bank credit facility net carrying value	638,466		199,466
2026 Notes:
Principal	690,000		690,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,769)		(14,677)
2026 Notes net carrying value	676,231		675,323
2027 Notes:
Principal	575,000		575,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,170)		(13,797)
2027 Notes net carrying value	561,830		561,203
Total net carrying value	1,876,527		1,435,992
Less: Current portion of long-term debt	(5,000)		(5,000)
Total long-term debt	$	1,871,527	$	1,430,992

Bank Credit Facility

The Company has an amended and restated Credit Agreement, which provides for an $850,000 senior secured revolving loan facility with a maturity date of November 15, 2025 and a $200,000 senior secured term loan as described further below (the “Credit Facility”).

The Company’s $200,000 senior secured term loan has a maturity of November 15, 2025 (the “2021 Term Loan”). The 2021 Term Loan requires principal repayment at the end of each calendar quarter. Beginning with March 31, 2022 and ending with December 31, 2023, the Company is required to repay $1,250 per quarter. Beginning with March 31, 2024 and ending with the last such date prior to the maturity date, the Company is required to repay $2,500 per quarter. The Company incurred $540 of debt issuance costs related to the 2021 Term Loan. The Company used borrowings under the 2021 Term Loan to pay down borrowings under the swingline sub‑facility and revolving loan facility under the Credit Facility.

In addition to the senior secured revolving loan facility, the Credit Facility also provides up to $50,000 of letters of credit and other borrowings subject to availability, including a $85,000 U.S. Dollar swingline sub‑facility and a $200,000 incremental “accordion” sub‑facility. The Company had $150 of letters of credit and surety bonds outstanding as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $409,634 and $849,850, respectively, available under the Credit Facility.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by all of the Company’s first tier domestic subsidiaries and are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantors’ U.S. assets and 65% of the stock of their directly owned foreign subsidiaries. The Credit Facility contains both affirmative and negative covenants, including maximum net leverage ratios. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all covenants in its Credit Facility.

Convertible Senior Notes

2026 Notes

On January 26, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $690,000 of 0.125% convertible senior notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”). The 2026 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of January 26, 2021, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “2026 Indenture”). Interest will accrue from January 26, 2021 and will be payable semi‑annually in arrears in cash on January 15 and July 15 of each year, with the first payment due on July 15, 2021. The 2026 Notes will mature on January 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The Company incurred $18,055 of expenses in connection with the 2026 Notes offering consisting of the payment of initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions, professional fees, and other expenses (“transaction costs”). The Company used $25,530 of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2026 Notes to pay the premiums of the capped call options described further below, and approximately $250,500 to repay outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility and to pay related fees and expenses. The Company used the remainder of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2026 Notes for general corporate purposes and towards funding certain acquisitions, including Seequent (see Note 4).

Prior to October 15, 2025, the 2026 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (such ten consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s Class B Common Stock, as described in the 2026 Indenture; and (4) if the Company calls the 2026 Notes for redemption. On or after October 15, 2025 until 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, the 2026 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder at any time.

The Company will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, at the Company’s election, based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 15.5925 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $64.13 per share, and is subject to adjustment as described in the 2026 Indenture. If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2026 Indenture) occurs, then the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.

The Company will have the option to redeem the 2026 Notes in whole or in part at any time on or after January 20, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Upon a fundamental change (as defined in the 2026 Indenture), holders may, subject to certain exceptions, require the Company to purchase their 2026 Notes in whole or in part for cash at a price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date (as defined in the 2026 Indenture). In addition, upon a Make‑Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2026 Indenture), the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the applicable conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its 2026 Notes in connection with such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change. No adjustment to the conversion rate will be made if the stock price in such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change is either less than $44.23 per share or greater than $210.00 per share. The Company will not increase the conversion rate to an amount that exceeds 22.6090 shares per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes, subject to adjustment. The 2026 Indenture also contains a customary merger covenant.

The 2026 Notes were accounted for as debt, with no bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature. Transaction costs were recorded as a direct deduction from the related debt liability in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Notes. The effective interest rate for the 2026 Notes is 0.658%.

As of March 31, 2022, none of the conditions of the 2026 Notes to early convert has been met.

The 2026 Notes contain both affirmative and negative covenants. As of March 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants in the 2026 Notes.

Capped Call Options — In connection with the pricing of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into capped call options with certain of the initial purchasers or their respective affiliates and certain other financial institutions. The Company incurred $150 of expenses in connection with the capped call options. The capped call options are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s Class B Common Stock upon any conversion of 2026 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the capped call options is initially $72.9795 per share, which represents a premium of 65% above the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on January 21, 2021 and is subject to customary adjustments under the terms of the capped call options.

The capped call options were entered into in conjunction with the issuance of the 2026 Notes, however, they are legally separate agreements that can be separately exercised, with the receipt of shares under the capped call options having no effect on the 2026 Notes, and are legally detachable. As the capped call options are both legally detachable and separately exercisable from the 2026 Notes, the Company accounts for the capped call options separately from the 2026 Notes. The capped call options are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity. As such, the premiums paid for the capped call options have been included as a net reduction to Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet.

2027 Notes

On June 28, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $575,000 of 0.375% convertible senior notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2027 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 28, 2021, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “2027 Indenture”). Interest will accrue from June 28, 2021 and will be payable semi‑annually in arrears in cash on January 1 and July 1 of each year, with the first payment due on January 1, 2022. The 2027 Notes will mature on July 1, 2027, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The Company incurred $15,065 of expenses in connection with the 2027 Notes offering consisting of transaction costs. The Company used $25,875 of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2027 Notes to pay the premiums of the capped call options described further below, and $536,062 to repay outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility and to pay related fees and expenses.

Prior to April 1, 2027, the 2027 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (such ten consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s Class B Common Stock, as described in the 2027 Indenture; and (4) if the Company calls the 2027 Notes for redemption. On or after April 1, 2027 until 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, the 2027 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder at any time.

The Company will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, at the Company’s election, based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 12.0153 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $83.23 per share, and is subject to adjustment as described in the 2027 Indenture. If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2027 Indenture) occurs, then the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.

The Company will have the option to redeem the 2027 Notes in whole or in part at any time on or after July 5, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Upon a fundamental change (as defined in the 2027 Indenture), holders may, subject to certain exceptions, require the Company to purchase their 2027 Notes in whole or in part for cash at a price equal to the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date (as defined in the 2027 Indenture). In addition, upon a Make‑Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2027 Indenture), the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the applicable conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its 2027 Notes in connection with such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change. No adjustment to the conversion rate will be made if the stock price in such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change is either less than $61.65 per share or greater than $325.00 per share. The Company will not increase the conversion rate to an amount that exceeds 16.2206 shares per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes, subject to adjustment. The 2027 Indenture also contains a customary merger covenant.

The 2027 Notes were accounted for as debt, with no bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature. Transaction costs were recorded as a direct deduction from the related debt liability in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2027 Notes. The effective interest rate for the 2027 Notes is 0.864%.

As of March 31, 2022, none of the conditions of the 2027 Notes to early convert has been met.

The 2027 Notes contain both affirmative and negative covenants. As of March 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants in the 2027 Notes.

Capped Call Options — In connection with the pricing of the 2027 Notes, the Company entered into capped call options with certain of the initial purchasers or their respective affiliates and certain other financial institutions. The Company incurred $50 of expenses in connection with the capped call options. The capped call options are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s Class B Common Stock upon any conversion of 2027 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the capped call options is initially $95.5575 per share, which represents a premium of 55% above the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 23, 2021 and is subject to customary adjustments under the terms of the capped call options.

The capped call options were entered into in conjunction with the issuance of the 2027 Notes, however, they are legally separate agreements that can be separately exercised, with the receipt of shares under the capped call options having no effect on the 2027 Notes, and are legally detachable. As the capped call options are both legally detachable and separately exercisable from the 2027 Notes, the Company accounts for the capped call options separately from the 2027 Notes. The capped call options are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity. As such, the premiums paid for the capped call options have been included as a net reduction to Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Bank credit facility (1):
Revolving loan facility	$	2,225	$	729
Term loan	1,067		—
Interest rate swap	294		301
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	243		575
	3,829		1,605
2026 Notes:
0.125% Coupon interest	216		154
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	908		654
	1,124		808
2027 Notes:
0.375% Coupon interest	539		—
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	627		—
	1,166		—
Other obligations	1,005		(12)
Total interest expense	$	7,124	$	2,401

(1)The weighted average interest rate was 2.32% and 1.90% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Interest rate risk associated with the Credit Facility is managed through an interest rate swap which has a termination date of April 2, 2030. Under the terms of the interest rate swap, the Company fixed its LIBOR borrowing rate at 0.73% on a notional amount of $200,000. The interest rate swap is not designated as a hedging instrument for accounting purposes. The Company accounts for the interest rate swap as either an asset or a liability in the consolidated balance sheets and carries the derivative at fair value. Gains and losses from the change in fair value are recognized in Other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a swap related asset at fair value of $22,201 and $10,117, respectively, in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

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Executive Bonus Plan

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]

Executive Bonus Plan

Executive Bonus Plan

Certain of the Company’s key employees, including its named executive officers, participate in the amended and restated Bentley Systems, Incorporated Bonus Pool Plan (the “Bonus Plan”). Pursuant to the Bonus Plan, participants are eligible to receive incentive bonuses that are determined based on the Company’s adjusted Management Report Operating Income (“MROI”), as defined in the plan agreement and before deduction for such plan payments. For purposes of the Bonus Plan, the bonus pool thereunder may be funded with up to an aggregate of 20% of the Company’s adjusted MROI, subject to approval by the board of directors, with payments made to plan participants based on each such participant’s allocated interest in the bonus pool. The plan permits the deduction of certain holdback amounts from the plan’s pool, from which amounts can then be allocated to fund items including equity and/or cash incentive compensation for non‑plan participants and participant charitable contributions.

A participant may defer any portion, or all, of such participant’s incentive bonus payable pursuant to the Bonus Plan into the deferred compensation plan (see Note 12). A participant’s non‑deferred incentive bonus is payable in cash, however, the Bonus Plan provides, in part, that a participant may elect to receive any portion, or all, of such participant’s non‑deferred incentive bonus in the form of shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock issued under the Bentley Systems, Incorporated 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, subject to the limitation described below. The Company records the election of non‑deferred incentive bonus in the form of shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock as stock‑based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations (see Note 15). Such election must be made prior to the start of the applicable calendar quarter for which the incentive bonus is to be paid, and the number of shares of Class B Common Stock payable in respect of such elected amount is calculated using a volume-weighted average price of the Company’s Class B Common Stock for the period commencing on the tenth trading day prior to the end of the applicable calendar quarter and ending on the tenth trading day following the end of the applicable calendar quarter. Notwithstanding participants’ elections to receive shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock in respect of their non‑deferred incentive bonus payments, if, in any calendar quarter, the aggregate U.S. Dollar value of shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock payable in respect of the non‑deferred incentive bonuses exceeds $7,500, the portion of each participant’s non‑deferred incentive bonus payable in shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock will be reduced pro rata such that the $7,500 limit is not exceeded, and, for each affected participant, the amount of such reduction will be payable in cash.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the incentive compensation, including cash payments, election to receive shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock, and deferred compensation to plan participants, recognized under this plan (net of all applicable holdbacks) was $9,719 and $8,875, respectively.

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Retirement Plans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Retirement Plans

Retirement Plans

Deferred Compensation Plan

Under the Company’s unfunded amended and restated Bentley Systems, Incorporated Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “DCP”), certain officers and key employees may defer all or any part of their incentive compensation, and the Company may make discretionary awards on behalf of such participants. Elective participant deferrals and discretionary Company awards are received in the form of phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, which are valued for tax and accounting purposes in the same manner as actual shares of Class B Common Stock, and are recorded as stock‑based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations (see Note 15).

DCP participants’ holdings in phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock are equity classified as they will be settled in shares of Class B Common Stock upon eventual distribution.

In August 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved an amendment to the DCP, which offered to certain active executives in the DCP a one‑time, short‑term election to reallocate a limited portion of their DCP holdings from phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock into other phantom investment funds. For further discussion of the aforementioned DCP reallocation, see Note 12 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

DCP participants’ holdings in phantom investment funds and amounts in the DCP attributable to certain non‑colleague participants are classified as liabilities in either Accruals and other current liabilities or Deferred compensation plan liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as they will be settled in cash upon eventual distribution. The deferred compensation plan liabilities are marked to market at the end of each reporting period, with changes in the liabilities recorded as an expense (income) to Deferred compensation plan in the consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred compensation plan (income) expense was $(5,138) and $167 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, DCP elective participant deferrals were $669 and $854, respectively. No discretionary contributions were made to the DCP during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock issuable by the DCP were 24,111,988 and 25,384,449, respectively.

The total liabilities related to the DCP is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	7,779	$	7,309
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	89,282		94,890
Total DCP liabilities	$	97,061	$	102,199

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Common Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Common Stock

Common StockCommon Stock Issuances, Sales, and Repurchases

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 1,401,249 shares of Class B Common Stock to colleagues who exercised their stock options, net of 314,659 shares withheld at exercise to pay for the cost of the stock options, as well as for $7,651 of applicable income tax withholdings. The Company received $2,768 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company issued 1,263,121 shares of Class B Common Stock to colleagues who exercised their stock options, net of 262,210 shares withheld at exercise to pay for the cost of the stock options, as well as for $7,158 of applicable income tax withholdings. The Company received $1,751 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 149,855 shares of Class B Common Stock related to the exercise of acquisition options (see Note 15), net of 585,145 shares withheld at exercise to pay for the cost of the options. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the exercise of these options.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company issued 72,105 and 79,961 shares of Class B Common Stock, respectively, in connection with Bonus Plan incentive compensation, net of shares withheld. Of the total 128,496 shares awarded for the three months ended March 31, 2022, 56,391 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $2,192. Of the total 126,038 shares awarded for the three months ended March 31, 2021, 46,077 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $2,037.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company issued 809,751 and 339,503 shares of Class B Common Stock, respectively, to DCP participants in connection with distributions from the plan. The distribution in shares for the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled 1,310,061 shares of which 500,310 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $24,246. The distribution in shares for the three months ended March 31, 2021 totaled 556,475 shares of which 216,972 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $8,859.

Dividends

The Company declared cash dividends during the periods presented as follows:

	Dividend
	Per Share		Amount
2022:
First quarter	$	0.03	$	8,353
2021:
First quarter	$	0.03	$	8,219

Global Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Bentley Systems, Incorporated Global Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) provides eligible colleagues of the Company with an opportunity to contribute up to 15% of their eligible compensation toward the purchase of the Company’s Class B Common Stock at a discounted price, up to a maximum of $25 per year and subject to any other plan limitations. Unless otherwise determined by the board of directors, offering periods will run from January 1st (or the first trading day thereafter) through June 30th (or the first trading day prior to such date), and from July 1st (or the first trading day thereafter) through December 31st (or the first trading day prior to such date). The purchase price per share at which shares of Class B Common Stock are sold in an offering period under the ESPP will be equal to the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of a share of Class B Common Stock (i) on the first trading day of the offering period, or (ii) on the purchase date (i.e., the last trading day of the purchase period). During the three months ended March 31, 2022, colleagues who elected to participate in the ESPP purchased a total of 109,749 shares of Class B Common Stock, net of shares withheld, resulting in cash proceeds to the Company of $4,611. Of the total 112,249 shares purchased, 2,500 shares were sold back to the Company to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $121. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, no shares were issued under the ESPP. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $3,118 and $4,818 of ESPP withholding via colleague payroll deduction were recorded in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

	Foreign		Actuarial (Loss)
	Currency		Gain on
	Translation		Retirement Plan		Total
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	(90,867)	$	(907)	$	(91,774)
Other comprehensive income, before taxes	16,437		18		16,455
Tax expense	—		(5)		(5)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes	16,437		13		16,450
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	(74,430)	$	(894)	$	(75,324)

	Foreign		Actuarial (Loss)
	Currency		Gain on
	Translation		Retirement Plan		Total
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	(25,219)	$	(1,014)	$	(26,233)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before taxes	(9,182)		29		(9,153)
Tax expense	—		(8)		(8)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes	(9,182)		21		(9,161)
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	(34,401)	$	(993)	$	(35,394)

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Equity Awards and Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Equity Awards and Instruments

Equity Awards and Instruments

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Total stock‑based compensation expense was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Bonus Plan expense (see Note 11)	$	8,161	$	6,124
Restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) expense (1)	5,365		1,497
Stock option expense	756		998
ESPP expense (see Note 13)	680		449
DCP elective participant deferrals expense (2) (see Note 12)	137		—
Total stock-based compensation expense (3)	$	15,099	$	9,068

(1)Includes acquisition‑related shares for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (see Note 4).

(2)DCP elective participant deferrals expense excludes deferred incentive bonus payable pursuant to the Bonus Plan.

(3)As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $8,658 and $6,749 remained in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

Total stock‑based compensation expense is included in the consolidated statements of operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	$	385	$	89
Cost of services	383		243
Research and development	5,395		3,955
Selling and marketing	1,454		788
General and administrative	7,482		3,993
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	15,099	$	9,068

Stock‑based compensation expense is measured at the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized ratably over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Specifically for performance‑based RSUs, stock‑based compensation expense is measured at the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized ratably over the requisite service period based on the number of awards expected to vest at each reporting date. The Company accounts for forfeitures of equity awards as those forfeitures occur.

Stock Options

The following is a summary of stock option activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:

				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Stock	Exercise Price		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Options	Per Share		Life (in years)	Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	6,917,925	$	5.26
Exercised	(1,715,908)	4.42
Forfeited	(25,125)	5.56
Outstanding, March 31, 2022	5,176,892	$	5.54	1.6	$	200,026
Exercisable, March 31, 2022	3,144,392	$	5.55	1.6	$	121,455

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company received cash proceeds of $2,768 and $1,751, respectively, related to the exercise of stock options. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $62,025 and $61,267, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, there was $1,873 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.9 years.

Acquisition Options — In addition to stock options granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans, in connection with an acquisition completed in March 2018, the Company issued to certain selling shareholder entities options to acquire an aggregate of up to 900,000 shares of Class B Common Stock. The options have a five‑year term, were exercisable on March 27, 2022, and have an initial exercise price of $6.805 per share. The exercise price of the options is subject to a cap and collar adjustment mechanism that automatically reduces (but not to less than $0.01) or increases the exercise price based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the exercise date. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, 735,000 shares were exercised. As of March 31, 2022, 165,000 shares remain outstanding and have an aggregate intrinsic value of $1,465.

Restricted Stock and RSUs

Under the equity incentive plans, the Company may grant both time‑based and performance‑based shares of restricted Class B Common Stock and RSUs to eligible colleagues. Time‑based awards generally vest ratably on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date. Performance‑based awards vesting is determined by the achievement of certain business profitability and growth targets, which include growth in annualized recurring revenues, as well as actual bookings for perpetual licenses and non‑recurring services, and certain non‑financial performance targets. Performance targets are generally set for annual performance periods.

The following is a summary of unvested restricted stock and RSU activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:

							Time-		Performance-
							Based		Based
			Time-		Performance-		Weighted		Weighted
	Total		Based		Based		Average		Average
	Restricted		Restricted		Restricted		Grant Date		Grant Date
	Stock		Stock		Stock		Fair Value		Fair Value
	and RSUs		and RSUs		and RSUs		Per Share		Per Share
Unvested, December 31, 2021	1,708,545		1,611,862		96,683	(4)	$	32.81	$	49.93
Granted	1,377,889	(1)	1,072,104	(3)	305,785	(5)	39.26		39.26
Vested	(95,877)		(4,707)		(91,170)	(4)	44.20		49.93
Forfeited	(20,044)		(14,531)		(5,513)		39.27		49.93
Unvested, March 31, 2022	2,970,513	(2)	2,664,728		305,785		$	35.35	$	39.26

(1)For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company only granted RSUs.

(2)Includes 67,957 RSUs which are expected to be settled in cash.

(3)Includes 199,076 time‑based RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 to certain officers and key employees, which cliff vest on January 31, 2025.

(4)Relates to the 2021 annual performance period. Total stock‑based compensation expense associated with these awards was fully recognized as of December 31, 2021.

(5)Relates to the 2022 annual performance period, except for 185,186 performance‑based RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 with extraordinary terms, which are described below.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted 185,186 performance‑based RSUs to certain officers and key employees, which vest subject to the achievement of certain performance goals over a three‑year performance period (the “Performance Period”). For each year of the Performance Period, one‑third of the performance‑based RSUs will be subject to a cliff, whereby no vesting of that portion will occur unless the Company’s Adjusted EBITDA margin also equals or exceeds the relevant target level for such year. Provided Adjusted EBITDA margin targets are met, the total number of performance‑based RSUs that will vest is determined by the achievement of certain business profitability and growth targets, which include growth in annualized recurring revenues, as well as actual bookings for perpetual licenses and non‑recurring services. Final actual vesting will be determined on January 31, 2025.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted 120,599 performance‑based RSUs to certain officers and key employees, which vest subject to the achievement of certain performance goals related to the 2022 annual performance period. Provided Adjusted EBITDA margin targets are met, the total number of performance‑based RSUs that will vest is determined by the achievement of certain business profitability and growth targets, which include growth in annualized recurring revenues, as well as actual bookings for perpetual licenses and non‑recurring services. To the extent performance exceeds the applicable targets for 2022, these grantees could realize a maximum of 1.25x the number of annual performance‑based RSUs granted or 150,749 performance‑based RSUs.

In 2016, the Company granted RSUs subject to performance‑based vesting as determined by the achievement of certain business growth targets. Certain colleagues elected to defer delivery of such shares upon vesting. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, 10,888 and 10,864 shares, respectively, were delivered to colleagues, and 7 and 14 additional shares, respectively, were earned as a result of dividends. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, 9,340 and 20,221 shares, respectively, of these vested and deferred RSUs remained outstanding.

The weighted average grant date fair values of RSUs granted were $39.26 and $45.32, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, restricted stock and RSUs were issued net of 38,955 and 14,869 shares, respectively, which were sold back to the Company to settle applicable income tax withholdings of $1,555 and $708, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, there was $83,341 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested time‑based restricted stock and RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.2 years. There was no remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested performance‑based restricted stock. As of March 31, 2022, there was $11,676 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested performance‑based RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.0 years.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company calculates its interim income tax provision in accordance with ASC Topics 270, Interim Reporting, and 740, Income Taxes. At the end of each interim period, the Company makes an estimate of the annual U.S. domestic and foreign jurisdictions’ expected effective tax rates and applies these rates to its respective year to date taxable income or loss. The computation of the estimated effective tax rates at each interim period requires certain estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the fiscal year, projections of the proportion of income (or loss) earned and taxed in the U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions, along with permanent differences, and the likelihood of deferred tax asset utilization. The Company’s estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained, or as the tax environment changes. Should facts and circumstances change during a period causing a material change to the estimated effective income tax rate, a cumulative adjustment will be recorded.

The income tax provisions for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were based on the estimated annual effective income tax rates adjusted for discrete items occurring during the periods presented. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized an aggregate consolidated income tax expense of $3,231 and $10,358, respectively, for U.S. domestic and foreign income taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded discrete tax benefits of $12,728 and $7,485, respectively, primarily associated with significant windfall tax benefits from stock‑based compensation, net of the impact from officer compensation limitation provisions. The effective income tax rate of 5.4% on Income before income taxes of $60,191 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was lower than the effective income tax rate of 15.3% on Income before income taxes of $67,810 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily due to an increase in discrete tax benefits as discussed above.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company repatriated $100,000 of undistributed previously taxed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. Subsequent to March 31, 2022, the Company repatriated $50,000 of accumulated undistributed previously taxed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries as of March 31, 2022 to the U.S. The repatriation was used to fund a portion of the acquisition of Power Line Systems (see Note 4). The cash repatriations did not have a material impact on Provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instrument

The Company has an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $200,000 and a termination date of April 2, 2030 to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the Company’s Credit Facility. The interest rate swap is not designated as a hedging instrument for accounting purposes. The Company accounts for the interest rate swap as either an asset or a liability in the consolidated balance sheets and carries the derivative at fair value.

The following is a summary of the interest rate swap activity:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Recognized in Consolidated
	2022		2021		Statements of Operations
Interest rate swap:
Gain from change in fair value	$	12,084	$	13,661	Other income, net
Payments	294		301		Interest expense, net

Fair Value

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, for fair value measurements of financial assets and financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of non‑financial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, account receivables, certain other assets, accounts payable, accruals, certain other current and long‑term liabilities, and long‑term debt.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

Current assets and current liabilities — In general, the carrying amounts reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short‑term nature of those instruments.

Acquisition contingent consideration — The fair value of these liabilities is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of contingent consideration uses assumptions the Company believes would be made by a market participant.

Interest rate swap — The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap is measured based on the implied forward rates from the U.S. Dollar one‑month LIBOR yield curve and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

Long-term debt — The fair value of the Company’s borrowings under its Credit Facility approximated its carrying value based upon discounted cash flows at current market rates for instruments with similar remaining terms. The Company considers these valuation inputs to be Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. As of March 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes was $681,030 and $502,257, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes was $720,284 and $531,915, respectively. The estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes is based on quoted market prices of the Company’s instrument in markets that are not active and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret the market data and develop estimates of fair values. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold, or settled.

Deferred compensation plan liabilities — The fair value of deferred compensation plan liabilities, including the liability classified phantom investments in the DCP, are marked to market at the end of each reporting period.

A financial asset or liability classification is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on management’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.

The following tables provide the financial assets and financial liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis:

March 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	21	$	—	$	—	$	21
Interest rate swap (2)	—		22,201		—		22,201
Total assets	$	21	$	22,201	$	—	$	22,222
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration (3)	$	—	$	—	$	4,361	$	4,361
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (4)	97,061		—		—		97,061
Cash-settled equity awards (5)	497		—		—		497
Total liabilities	$	97,558	$	—	$	4,361	$	101,919

December 31, 2021	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	21	$	—	$	—	$	21
Interest rate swap (2)	—		10,117		—		10,117
Total assets	$	21	$	10,117	$	—	$	10,138
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration (3)	$	—	$	—	$	6,613	$	6,613
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (4)	102,199		—		—		102,199
Cash-settled equity awards (5)	353		—		—		353
Total liabilities	$	102,552	$	—	$	6,613	$	109,165

(1)Included in Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Included in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

(3)Included in Other liabilities, except for current liabilities of $3,401 and $5,382 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Acquisition contingent consideration liability is measured at fair value and is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of contingent consideration uses assumptions the Company believes would be made by a market participant.

(4)Included in Deferred compensation plan liabilities, except for current liabilities of $7,779 and $7,309 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

(5)Included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table is a reconciliation of the changes in fair value of the Company’s financial liabilities which have been classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:

	Three Months Ended		Year Ended
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Balance, beginning of year	$	6,613	$	4,299
Payments	(2,721)		(2,371)
Addition	—		4,544
Change in fair value	500		294
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(31)		(153)
Balance, end of period	$	4,361	$	6,613

The Company did not have any transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Commitment — In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various purchase commitments for goods and services. As of March 31, 2022, the non‑cancelable future cash purchase commitment for services related to the cloud provisioning of the Company’s software solutions was $41,947 through May 2023. The Company expects to fully consume its contractual commitment in the ordinary course of operations.

Operating Leases — The Company leases certain office facilities, office equipment, and automobiles under operating leases having initial or remaining non‑cancelable terms in excess of one year (see Note 8).

Litigation — From time to time, the Company is involved in certain legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In management’s opinion, based upon the advice of counsel, the outcome of such actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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Geographic Data

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Geographic Data

Geographic Data

Revenues by geographic area are presented in Note 3. The following table presents the Company’s long‑lived assets (other than goodwill), net of depreciation and amortization by geographic region (see Notes 5, 6, and 8):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Americas (1)	$	188,292	$	99,500
EMEA	40,574		44,730
APAC	181,638		184,245
Total long-lived assets	$	410,504	$	328,475

(1)Americas includes the U.S., Canada, and Latin America (including the Caribbean).

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Interest Expense, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Interest Expense, Net

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net is comprised of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Interest expense (see Note 10)	$	(7,124)	$	(2,401)
Interest income	82		82
Interest expense, net	$	(7,042)	$	(2,319)

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Other Income, Net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Other Income, Net

Other Income, Net

Other income, net is comprised of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Foreign exchange (loss) gain (1)	$	(3,071)	$	792
Other income, net (2)	13,712		13,690
Total other income, net	$	10,641	$	14,482

(1)Foreign exchange (loss) gain is primarily attributable to foreign currency translation derived primarily from U.S. Dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, account receivables, customer deposits, and intercompany balances held by foreign subsidiaries.

(2)For the three months ended March 31, 2022, other income, net includes a gain from the change in fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap of $12,084 (see Note 17) and a gain on the sale of 50% of the Company’s interest in its aircraft of $2,029 (see Note 5), partially offset by a loss from the change in fair value of acquisition contingent consideration of $500. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, other income, net includes a gain from the change in fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap of $13,661 (see Note 17).

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Net Income Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income Per Share

Net Income Per ShareThe Company issues certain performance-based RSUs determined to be participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of the Company’s declaration of a dividend for common shares. As of March 31, 2022, there were 305,785 participating securities outstanding. As of March 31, 2021, there were no participating securities outstanding.

Undistributed net income allocated to participating securities are subtracted from net income in determining basic net income attributable to common stockholders. Basic net income per share is computed by dividing basic net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares, inclusive of undistributed shares held in the DCP as phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock.

For the Company’s diluted net income per share numerator, interest expense, net of tax, attributable to the conversion of the convertible senior notes is added back to basic net income attributable to common stockholders. For the Company’s diluted net income per share denominator, the basic weighted average number of shares is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including awards under the Company’s equity compensation plans and ESPP, and by the dilutive effect of the assumed conversion of the convertible senior notes. Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing diluted net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of fully diluted common shares.

Except with respect to voting and conversion, the rights of the holders of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and the Company’s Class B Common Stock are identical. Each class of shares has the same rights to dividends and allocation of income (loss) and, therefore, net income per share would not differ under the two‑class method.

The details of basic and diluted net income per share are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Numerator:
Net income	$	56,388	$	57,006
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities	(9)		—
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic	56,379		57,006
Add: Interest expense, net of tax, attributable to assumed conversion of convertible senior notes	1,695		130
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, diluted	$	58,074	$	57,136
Denominator:
Weighted average shares, basic	307,969,672		302,583,452
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs	5,542,252		11,388,113
Dilutive effect of ESPP	150,709		114,364
Dilutive effect of assumed conversion of convertible senior notes	17,667,623		7,650,720
Weighted average shares, diluted	331,330,256		321,736,649
Net income per share, basic	$	0.18	$	0.19
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.18	$	0.18

The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would have been anti‑dilutive for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022	2021
Stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs	1,282,161	6,714
Total anti-dilutive securities	1,282,161	6,714

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Bentley Systems, Incorporated (“Bentley” or the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements.

Consolidation

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K on file with the SEC. In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring and non-recurring adjustments) that were considered necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows at the dates and for the periods indicated. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The December 31, 2021 consolidated balance sheet included herein is derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

Business Combinations — On January 31, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Power Line Systems, a leader in software for the design of overhead electric power transmission lines and their structures, for $695,968 in cash, net of cash acquired. On June 17, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Seequent Holdings Limited (“Seequent”), a leader in software for geological and geophysical modeling, geotechnical stability, and cloud services for geodata management and collaboration, for $883,336 in cash, net of cash acquired, plus 3,141,342 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock (see Note 4).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

Recent Accounting PronouncementsIn March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020‑04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020‑04”), which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. ASU 2020‑04 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The expedients and exceptions provided by ASU 2020‑04 do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The Company had no transactions that were impacted by ASU 2020‑04 during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Revenue Recognition

Nature of Products and Services

The Company generates revenues from subscriptions, perpetual licenses, and services.

Subscriptions

SELECT subscriptions — The Company provides prepaid annual recurring subscriptions that accounts (which are based on distinct contractual and billing relationships with the Company, where affiliated entities of a single parent company may each have an independent account with the Company) can elect to add to a new or previously purchased perpetual license. SELECT provides accounts with benefits, including upgrades, comprehensive technical support, pooled licensing benefits, annual portfolio balancing exchange rights, learning benefits, certain Azure‑based cloud collaboration services, mobility advantages, and access to other available benefits. SELECT subscriptions revenues are recognized as distinct performance obligations are satisfied. The performance obligations within the SELECT offering, outside of the portfolio balancing exchange right, are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of recognition. These performance obligations are accounted for ratably over the term as a single performance obligation.

Enterprise subscriptions — The Company also provides Enterprise subscription offerings, which provide its largest accounts with complete and unlimited global access to the Company’s comprehensive portfolio of solutions. Enterprise License Subscriptions (“ELS”) provide access for a prepaid fee, which is based on the account’s usage of software in the preceding year, to effectively create a fee‑certain consumption‑based arrangement. ELS contain a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, and performance consulting days. The SELECT maintenance and support benefits under ELS do not include a portfolio balancing performance obligation. Revenue is allocated to the various performance obligations based on their respective standalone selling price (“SSP”). Revenue allocated to the term license component is recognized upon delivery at the start of the subscription term while revenues for the SELECT maintenance and support and the performance consulting days are recognized as delivered over the subscription term. Billings in advance are recorded as Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets.

Enterprise 365 (“E365”) subscriptions provide unrestricted access to the Company’s comprehensive software portfolio, similar to ELS, however, the accounts are charged based upon daily usage. The daily usage fee also includes a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, hosting, and Success Blueprints, which are designed to achieve business outcomes through more efficient and effective use of the Company’s software. E365 revenues are recognized based upon usage incurred by the account. Usage is defined as distinct user access on a daily basis. E365 subscriptions can contain quarterly usage floors or collars as accounts transition to the usage model or for accounts within the public sector. The term of E365 subscriptions aligns with calendar quarters and revenue is recognized based on actual usage.

Term license subscriptions — The Company provides annual, quarterly, and monthly term licenses for its software products. Term license subscriptions contain a term license component and SELECT maintenance and support. Revenue is allocated to the various performance obligations based on their SSP. Annual term licenses (“ATL”) are generally prepaid annually for named user access to specific products and include the Company’s Virtuoso subscriptions sold via the Company’s Virtuosity eStore for practitioner licenses. Virtuoso subscriptions are bundles with customizable training and expert consultation administered through “keys” or credits. Quarterly term license (“QTL”) subscriptions allow accounts to pay quarterly in arrears for license usage that is beyond their prepaid subscriptions. Monthly term license (“MTL”) subscriptions are identical to QTL subscriptions, except for the term of the license, and the manner in which they are monetized. MTL subscriptions require a Cloud Services Subscription (“CSS”), which is described below. For ATL, revenue allocated to the term license component is recognized upon delivery at the start of the subscription term while revenue for the SELECT maintenance and support is recognized as delivered over the subscription term. For Virtuoso keys, revenue is recognized as services are delivered. Billings in advance are recorded as Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets. For usage‑based QTL and MTL subscriptions, revenues are recognized based upon usage incurred by the account. Usage is defined as peak usage over the respective terms. The terms of QTL and MTL subscriptions align with calendar quarters and calendar months, respectively, and revenue is recognized based on actual usage.

Visas and Passports are quarterly or annual term licenses enabling users to access specific project or enterprise information and entitles users to certain functionality of the Company’s ProjectWise and AssetWise systems. The Company’s standard offerings are usage based with monetization through the Company’s CSS program as described below.

CSS is a program designed to streamline the procurement, administration, and payment process. The program requires an estimation of annual usage for CSS eligible offerings and a deposit of funds in advance. Actual consumption is monitored and invoiced against the deposit on a calendar quarter basis. CSS balances not utilized for eligible products or services may roll over to future periods or are refundable. Paid and unconsumed CSS balances are recorded in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Software and services consumed under CSS are recognized pursuant to the applicable revenue recognition guidance for the respective software or service and classified as subscriptions or services based on their respective nature.

Perpetual licenses

Perpetual licenses may be sold with or without attaching a SELECT subscription. Historically, attachment and retention of the SELECT subscription has been high given the benefits of the SELECT subscription discussed above. Perpetual licenses revenues are recognized upon delivery of the license to the user.

Services

The Company provides professional services, including training, implementation, configuration, customization, and strategic consulting services. The Company performs projects on both a time and materials and a fixed fee basis. Certain of the Company’s fixed‑fee arrangements, including its Success Services offerings, are structured as subscription‑like, packaged offerings that are annually recurring in nature. Success Services are standard service offerings that provide a level of dedicated professional services above the standard technical support offered to all accounts as part of their SELECT or Enterprise agreement. Revenues are recognized as services are performed.

The Company primarily utilizes its direct internal sales force and also has arrangements through independent channel partners to promote and sell Bentley products and subscriptions to end‑users. Channel partners are authorized to promote the sale of an authorized set of Bentley products and subscriptions within an authorized geography under a Channel Partner Agreement.

Significant Judgments and Estimates

The Company’s contracts with customers may include promises to transfer licenses (perpetual or term‑based), maintenance, and services to a user. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations, and if so, the allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation. When an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations which are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, the Company accounts for those performance obligations as a single performance obligation. For contracts with more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative SSP of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP when it sells each of the products and services separately and needs to determine whether there is a discount that should be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services.

The Company’s SELECT agreement provides users with perpetual licenses a right to exchange software for other eligible perpetual licenses on an annual basis upon renewal. The Company refers to this option as portfolio balancing and has concluded that the portfolio balancing feature represents a material right resulting in the deferral of the associated revenue. Judgment is required to estimate the percentage of users who may elect to portfolio balance and considers inputs such as historical user elections. This feature is available once per term and must be exercised prior to the respective renewal term. The Company recognizes the associated revenue upon election or when the portfolio balancing right expires. This right is included in the initial and subsequent renewal terms and the Company reestablishes the revenue deferral for the material right upon the beginning of the renewal term.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customer (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Contract assets	$	309	$	336
Deferred revenues	228,454		232,593

Disaggregation of Revenue by Type and Location

The following table details revenues:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Subscriptions:
SELECT subscriptions	$	66,598	$	66,140
Enterprise subscriptions (1)	81,827		71,015
Term license subscriptions	92,808		50,970
Subscriptions	241,233		188,125
Perpetual licenses	10,205		10,116
Subscriptions and licenses	251,438		198,241
Services:
Recurring	4,701		6,077
Other	19,378		17,687
Services	24,079		23,764
Total revenues	$	275,517	$	222,005

(1)Enterprise subscriptions includes revenue attributable to E365 subscriptions of $68,598 and $48,265 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Revenue to external customers is attributed to individual countries based upon the location of the customer.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Americas (1)	$	154,260	$	108,862
Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (“EMEA”) (2)	77,480		73,848
Asia-Pacific (“APAC”)	43,777		39,295
Total revenues	$	275,517	$	222,005

(1)Americas includes the United States (“U.S.”), Canada, and Latin America (including the Caribbean). Revenue attributable to the U.S. totaled $116,133 and $92,940 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2)Revenue attributable to the United Kingdom totaled $22,291 and $22,383 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Acquisitions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Business Acquisitions Aggregate Details

The aggregate details of the Company’s acquisition activity are as follows:

	Acquisitions Completed in
	Three Months Ended		Year Ended
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Number of acquisitions	1		13
Cash paid at closing (1)	$	715,114	$	1,072,820
Cash acquired	(19,146)		(37,837)
Net cash paid	$	695,968	$	1,034,983

(1)Of the cash paid at closing for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021, $3,000 and $8,701, respectively, was deposited into an escrow account to secure any potential indemnification and other obligations of the seller.

Schedule of Business Acquisitions Contingent Consideration

The fair value of the contingent consideration from acquisitions is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	3,401	$	5,382
Other liabilities	960		1,231
Contingent consideration from acquisitions	$	4,361	$	6,613

The fair value of non-contingent consideration from acquisitions is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	3,522	$	4,751
Other liabilities	6,180		6,177
Non-contingent consideration from acquisitions	$	9,702	$	10,928

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The following summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the weighted average useful lives assigned to acquired intangible assets at the respective date of each acquisition (including contingent consideration):

	Acquisitions Completed in
	Three Months Ended		Year Ended
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Consideration:
Cash paid at closing	$	715,114	$	1,072,820
Shares issued at closing (1)(2)	—		182,390
Contingent consideration	—		4,544
Deferred, non-contingent consideration, net	—		10,090
Total consideration	$	715,114	$	1,269,844
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	19,146	$	37,837
Accounts receivable and other current assets	1,098		24,174
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,237		12,095
Property and equipment	963		4,383
Other assets	—		874
Software and technology (weighted average useful life of 5 years)	9,700		43,560
Customer relationships (weighted average useful life of 10 and 9 years, respectively)	78,300		158,555
Trademarks (weighted average useful life of 10 years)	5,200		38,256
In-process research and development	—		3,700
Total identifiable assets acquired excluding goodwill	115,644		323,434
Accruals and other current liabilities	(610)		(27,649)
Deferred revenues	(10,219)		(26,245)
Operating lease liabilities	(1,237)		(11,988)
Deferred income taxes	(6,865)		(53,342)
Other liabilities	—		(716)
Total liabilities assumed	(18,931)		(119,940)
Net identifiable assets acquired excluding goodwill	96,713		203,494
Goodwill	618,401		1,066,350
Net assets acquired	$	715,114	$	1,269,844

(1)Of the total 3,141,342 shares issued at closing, 83,627 shares are subject to forfeiture if post‑closing employment service conditions are not met. Accordingly, $5,452 is being recorded as stock‑based compensation expense over the related forfeiture period of two years (see Note 15).

(2)A fair value adjustment of $16,943 was applied to the stock consideration due to restrictions on the transfer of securities.

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Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Land	$	2,811	$	2,811
Building and improvements	36,366		35,188
Computer equipment and software	49,169		47,651
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment	14,400		14,274
Aircraft	2,038		4,075
Other	59		61
Property and equipment, at cost	104,843		104,060
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(72,800)		(72,237)
Total property and equipment, net	$	32,043	$	31,823

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in the Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

Balance, December 31, 2021	$	1,588,477
Acquisitions	618,401
Foreign currency translation adjustments	10,828
Other adjustments	(128)
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	2,217,578

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

Details of intangible assets other than goodwill are as follows:

		March 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Estimated Useful Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Software and technology	3-5 years	$	95,909	$	(50,327)	$	45,582	$	101,588	$	(63,225)	$	38,363
Customer relationships	3-10 years	324,657		(91,288)		233,369		245,325		(83,799)		161,526
Trademarks	3-10 years	68,703		(22,422)		46,281		63,080		(20,893)		42,187
Non-compete agreements	5 years	350		(156)		194		350		(139)		211
		489,619		(164,193)		325,426		410,343		(168,056)		242,287
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
In-process research and development		3,603		—		3,603		3,547		—		3,547
Total intangible assets		$	493,222	$	(164,193)	$	329,029	$	413,890	$	(168,056)	$	245,834

Finite-lived Intangible Assets Amortization Expense

The aggregate amortization expense for purchased intangible assets with finite lives was reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	$	3,022	$	1,151
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,906		3,438
Total amortization expense	$	12,928	$	4,589

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Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Schedule of Investments

Investments consist of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cost method investments	$	8,538	$	6,438
Equity method investment	142		—
Total investments	$	8,680	$	6,438

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow and Other Information Related to Leases

The components of operating lease cost reflected in the consolidated statements of operations were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Operating lease cost (1)	$	5,753	$	4,543
Variable lease cost	1,273		968
Short-term lease cost	5		4
Total operating lease cost	$	7,031	$	5,515

(1)Operating lease cost includes rent cost related to operating leases for office facilities of $5,553 and $4,351 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Other information related to leases was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	5,114	$	4,686
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1)	$	2,876	$	614

(1)Right‑of‑use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities does not include the impact from acquisitions of $1,237 and $192 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Operating Lease Maturity

Maturities of operating lease liabilities are as follows:

	March 31, 2022
Remainder of 2022	$	14,267
2023	14,311
2024	9,624
2025	6,911
2026	4,440
Thereafter	6,146
Total future lease payments	55,699
Less: Imputed interest	(3,829)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	51,870

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the financing lease was as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Property and equipment	$	471	$	484
Accumulated depreciation	(471)		(453)
Property and equipment, net	$	—	$	31
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	48	$	98
Total financing lease liabilities	$	48	$	98

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Accruals and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accruals and Other Current Liabilities

Accruals and other current liabilities consist of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
CSS deposits	$	200,589	$	162,046
Accrued benefits	41,927		36,656
Accrued compensation	29,437		37,725
Due to customers	14,500		12,798
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	7,779		7,309
Accrued indirect taxes	6,457		7,520
Accrued acquisition stay bonus	5,838		9,461
Accrued cloud provisioning costs	5,396		5,862
Accrued professional fees	3,945		6,940
Non-contingent consideration from acquisitions	3,522		4,751
Contingent consideration from acquisitions	3,401		5,382
Employee stock purchase plan contributions	3,118		4,818
Other accrued and current liabilities	25,364		22,335
Total accruals and other current liabilities	$	351,273	$	323,603

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Long‑Term Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments

Long‑term debt consists of the following:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Bank credit facility:
Revolving loan facility	$	440,216	$	—
Term loan:
Principal	198,750		200,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(500)		(534)
Term loan net carrying value	198,250		199,466
Bank credit facility net carrying value	638,466		199,466
2026 Notes:
Principal	690,000		690,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,769)		(14,677)
2026 Notes net carrying value	676,231		675,323
2027 Notes:
Principal	575,000		575,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,170)		(13,797)
2027 Notes net carrying value	561,830		561,203
Total net carrying value	1,876,527		1,435,992
Less: Current portion of long-term debt	(5,000)		(5,000)
Total long-term debt	$	1,871,527	$	1,430,992

Schedule of Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Bank credit facility (1):
Revolving loan facility	$	2,225	$	729
Term loan	1,067		—
Interest rate swap	294		301
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	243		575
	3,829		1,605
2026 Notes:
0.125% Coupon interest	216		154
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	908		654
	1,124		808
2027 Notes:
0.375% Coupon interest	539		—
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	627		—
	1,166		—
Other obligations	1,005		(12)
Total interest expense	$	7,124	$	2,401

(1)The weighted average interest rate was 2.32% and 1.90% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Interest expense, net is comprised of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Interest expense (see Note 10)	$	(7,124)	$	(2,401)
Interest income	82		82
Interest expense, net	$	(7,042)	$	(2,319)

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Retirement Plans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Compensation Plan Liabilities

The total liabilities related to the DCP is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accruals and other current liabilities	$	7,779	$	7,309
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	89,282		94,890
Total DCP liabilities	$	97,061	$	102,199

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Common Stock (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Dividends Declared

The Company declared cash dividends during the periods presented as follows:

	Dividend
	Per Share		Amount
2022:
First quarter	$	0.03	$	8,353
2021:
First quarter	$	0.03	$	8,219

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

	Foreign		Actuarial (Loss)
	Currency		Gain on
	Translation		Retirement Plan		Total
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	(90,867)	$	(907)	$	(91,774)
Other comprehensive income, before taxes	16,437		18		16,455
Tax expense	—		(5)		(5)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes	16,437		13		16,450
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	(74,430)	$	(894)	$	(75,324)

	Foreign		Actuarial (Loss)
	Currency		Gain on
	Translation		Retirement Plan		Total
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	(25,219)	$	(1,014)	$	(26,233)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before taxes	(9,182)		29		(9,153)
Tax expense	—		(8)		(8)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes	(9,182)		21		(9,161)
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	(34,401)	$	(993)	$	(35,394)

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Equity Awards and Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Total stock‑based compensation expense was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Bonus Plan expense (see Note 11)	$	8,161	$	6,124
Restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) expense (1)	5,365		1,497
Stock option expense	756		998
ESPP expense (see Note 13)	680		449
DCP elective participant deferrals expense (2) (see Note 12)	137		—
Total stock-based compensation expense (3)	$	15,099	$	9,068

(1)Includes acquisition‑related shares for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (see Note 4).

(2)DCP elective participant deferrals expense excludes deferred incentive bonus payable pursuant to the Bonus Plan.

(3)As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $8,658 and $6,749 remained in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

Total stock‑based compensation expense is included in the consolidated statements of operations as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	$	385	$	89
Cost of services	383		243
Research and development	5,395		3,955
Selling and marketing	1,454		788
General and administrative	7,482		3,993
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	15,099	$	9,068

Schedule of Options

The following is a summary of stock option activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:

				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Stock	Exercise Price		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Options	Per Share		Life (in years)	Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	6,917,925	$	5.26
Exercised	(1,715,908)	4.42
Forfeited	(25,125)	5.56
Outstanding, March 31, 2022	5,176,892	$	5.54	1.6	$	200,026
Exercisable, March 31, 2022	3,144,392	$	5.55	1.6	$	121,455

Schedule of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Activity

The following is a summary of unvested restricted stock and RSU activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:

							Time-		Performance-
							Based		Based
			Time-		Performance-		Weighted		Weighted
	Total		Based		Based		Average		Average
	Restricted		Restricted		Restricted		Grant Date		Grant Date
	Stock		Stock		Stock		Fair Value		Fair Value
	and RSUs		and RSUs		and RSUs		Per Share		Per Share
Unvested, December 31, 2021	1,708,545		1,611,862		96,683	(4)	$	32.81	$	49.93
Granted	1,377,889	(1)	1,072,104	(3)	305,785	(5)	39.26		39.26
Vested	(95,877)		(4,707)		(91,170)	(4)	44.20		49.93
Forfeited	(20,044)		(14,531)		(5,513)		39.27		49.93
Unvested, March 31, 2022	2,970,513	(2)	2,664,728		305,785		$	35.35	$	39.26

(1)For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company only granted RSUs.

(2)Includes 67,957 RSUs which are expected to be settled in cash.

(3)Includes 199,076 time‑based RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 to certain officers and key employees, which cliff vest on January 31, 2025.

(4)Relates to the 2021 annual performance period. Total stock‑based compensation expense associated with these awards was fully recognized as of December 31, 2021.

(5)Relates to the 2022 annual performance period, except for 185,186 performance‑based RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 with extraordinary terms, which are described below.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Interest Rate Derivatives

The following is a summary of the interest rate swap activity:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Recognized in Consolidated
	2022		2021		Statements of Operations
Interest rate swap:
Gain from change in fair value	$	12,084	$	13,661	Other income, net
Payments	294		301		Interest expense, net

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following tables provide the financial assets and financial liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis:

March 31, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	21	$	—	$	—	$	21
Interest rate swap (2)	—		22,201		—		22,201
Total assets	$	21	$	22,201	$	—	$	22,222
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration (3)	$	—	$	—	$	4,361	$	4,361
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (4)	97,061		—		—		97,061
Cash-settled equity awards (5)	497		—		—		497
Total liabilities	$	97,558	$	—	$	4,361	$	101,919

December 31, 2021	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	21	$	—	$	—	$	21
Interest rate swap (2)	—		10,117		—		10,117
Total assets	$	21	$	10,117	$	—	$	10,138
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration (3)	$	—	$	—	$	6,613	$	6,613
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (4)	102,199		—		—		102,199
Cash-settled equity awards (5)	353		—		—		353
Total liabilities	$	102,552	$	—	$	6,613	$	109,165

(1)Included in Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Included in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

(3)Included in Other liabilities, except for current liabilities of $3,401 and $5,382 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Acquisition contingent consideration liability is measured at fair value and is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of contingent consideration uses assumptions the Company believes would be made by a market participant.

(4)Included in Deferred compensation plan liabilities, except for current liabilities of $7,779 and $7,309 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

(5)Included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following table is a reconciliation of the changes in fair value of the Company’s financial liabilities which have been classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:

	Three Months Ended		Year Ended
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Balance, beginning of year	$	6,613	$	4,299
Payments	(2,721)		(2,371)
Addition	—		4,544
Change in fair value	500		294
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(31)		(153)
Balance, end of period	$	4,361	$	6,613

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Geographic Data (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Long-lived Assets by Geographic Areas

The following table presents the Company’s long‑lived assets (other than goodwill), net of depreciation and amortization by geographic region (see Notes 5, 6, and 8):

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Americas (1)	$	188,292	$	99,500
EMEA	40,574		44,730
APAC	181,638		184,245
Total long-lived assets	$	410,504	$	328,475

(1)Americas includes the U.S., Canada, and Latin America (including the Caribbean).

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Interest Expense, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense consists of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Bank credit facility (1):
Revolving loan facility	$	2,225	$	729
Term loan	1,067		—
Interest rate swap	294		301
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	243		575
	3,829		1,605
2026 Notes:
0.125% Coupon interest	216		154
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	908		654
	1,124		808
2027 Notes:
0.375% Coupon interest	539		—
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	627		—
	1,166		—
Other obligations	1,005		(12)
Total interest expense	$	7,124	$	2,401

(1)The weighted average interest rate was 2.32% and 1.90% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Interest expense, net is comprised of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Interest expense (see Note 10)	$	(7,124)	$	(2,401)
Interest income	82		82
Interest expense, net	$	(7,042)	$	(2,319)

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Other Income, Net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Income, Net

Other income, net is comprised of the following:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Foreign exchange (loss) gain (1)	$	(3,071)	$	792
Other income, net (2)	13,712		13,690
Total other income, net	$	10,641	$	14,482

(1)Foreign exchange (loss) gain is primarily attributable to foreign currency translation derived primarily from U.S. Dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, account receivables, customer deposits, and intercompany balances held by foreign subsidiaries.

(2)For the three months ended March 31, 2022, other income, net includes a gain from the change in fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap of $12,084 (see Note 17) and a gain on the sale of 50% of the Company’s interest in its aircraft of $2,029 (see Note 5), partially offset by a loss from the change in fair value of acquisition contingent consideration of $500. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, other income, net includes a gain from the change in fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap of $13,661 (see Note 17).

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Net Income Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Income Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The details of basic and diluted net income per share are as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Numerator:
Net income	$	56,388	$	57,006
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities	(9)		—
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic	56,379		57,006
Add: Interest expense, net of tax, attributable to assumed conversion of convertible senior notes	1,695		130
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, diluted	$	58,074	$	57,136
Denominator:
Weighted average shares, basic	307,969,672		302,583,452
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs	5,542,252		11,388,113
Dilutive effect of ESPP	150,709		114,364
Dilutive effect of assumed conversion of convertible senior notes	17,667,623		7,650,720
Weighted average shares, diluted	331,330,256		321,736,649
Net income per share, basic	$	0.18	$	0.19
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.18	$	0.18

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would have been anti‑dilutive for the periods presented:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022	2021
Stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs	1,282,161	6,714
Total anti-dilutive securities	1,282,161	6,714

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Basis of Presentation - Business Combinations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2022	Jun. 17, 2021	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Net cash paid			$ 695,968	$ 57,975
Power Line Systems
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Net cash paid	$ 695,968
Seequent
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Net cash paid		$ 883,336
Seequent | Class B Common Stock
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Number of shares sold (in shares)		3,141,342

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Revenue from Contracts with Customer - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenues	$ 228,454,000		$ 232,593,000
Contract asset impairment	0		0
Contract with customer, liability, revenue recognized	97,005,000	$ 91,125,000
Contract with customer liability additions	94,522,000	78,210,000
Total revenues	$ 275,517,000	$ 222,005,000
Customer Concentration Risk | Revenue Benchmark | Channel Partners
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	7.00%	8.00%
Portfolio Balancing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenues	$ 17,724,000		$ 18,020,000
Licenses
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	125,225,000	$ 95,625,000
Term Licenses
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 115,020,000	$ 85,509,000

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Revenue from Contracts with Customer - Schedule of Contract Assets and Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets	$ 309	$ 336
Deferred revenues	$ 228,454	$ 232,593

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Revenue from Contracts with Customer - Performance Obligation (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation amount	$ 228,454
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-04-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, percent to be recognized over next twelve months	94.30%
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction period	12 months

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Revenue from Contracts with Customer - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregation by Type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 275,517	$ 222,005
Subscriptions and licenses
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	251,438	198,241
Subscriptions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	241,233	188,125
SELECT subscriptions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	66,598	66,140
Enterprise subscriptions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	81,827	71,015
Term license subscriptions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	92,808	50,970
Perpetual licenses
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	10,205	10,116
Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	24,079	23,764
Recurring
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	4,701	6,077
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	19,378	17,687
Enterprise subscriptions, E365
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 68,598	$ 48,265

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Revenue from Contracts with Customer - Schedule of Revenue Disaggregation by Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 275,517	$ 222,005
Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	154,260	108,862
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	116,133	92,940
Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (“EMEA”)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	77,480	73,848
United Kingdom
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	22,291	22,383
Asia-Pacific (“APAC”)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 43,777	$ 39,295

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Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 17, 2021 USD ($) shares	Apr. 30, 2022 acquisition	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) acquisition	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) acquisition
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Net cash paid				$ 695,968	$ 57,975
Subsequent Event
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Number of acquisitions | acquisition			1
Power Line Systems
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Net cash paid	$ 695,968
Acquisition and integration costs				9,773
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Net cash paid				695,968		$ 1,034,983
Total consideration				715,114		$ 1,269,844
Acquisition and integration costs				10,574	6,861
Goodwill from acquisition, expected tax deductible amount				$ 519,564
Number of acquisitions | acquisition				1		13
Seequent
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Net cash paid		$ 883,336
Acquisition and integration costs					6,716
Business acquisition, pro forma revenue					$ 255,783
Seequent | Class B Common Stock
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Number of shares sold (in shares) | shares		3,141,342

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Acquisitions - Schedule of Cash Paid and Acquired for Acquisitions (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) acquisition	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) acquisition
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Net cash paid	$ 695,968	$ 57,975
Escrow deposit	$ 3,000		$ 8,701
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Number of acquisitions | acquisition	1		13
Cash paid at closing	$ 715,114		$ 1,072,820
Cash acquired	(19,146)		(37,837)
Net cash paid	$ 695,968		$ 1,034,983

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Acquisitions - Schedule of Contingent and Non-Contingent Consideration Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Accruals and other current liabilities	$ 3,401	$ 5,382
Accruals and other current liabilities	3,522	4,751
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Accruals and other current liabilities	3,401	5,382
Other liabilities	960	1,231
Contingent consideration from acquisitions	4,361	6,613
Accruals and other current liabilities	3,522	4,751
Other liabilities	6,180	6,177
Non-contingent consideration from acquisitions	$ 9,702	$ 10,928

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Acquisitions - Schedule of Consideration and Net Assets Acquired (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 17, 2021	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Goodwill		$ 2,217,578		$ 1,588,477
Stock-based compensation expense		15,099	$ 9,068
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Cash paid at closing		715,114		1,072,820
Shares issued at closing		0		182,390
Contingent consideration		0		4,544
Deferred, non-contingent consideration, net		0		10,090
Total consideration		715,114		1,269,844
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash		19,146		37,837
Accounts receivable and other current assets		1,098		24,174
Operating lease right-of-use assets		1,237		12,095
Property and equipment		963		4,383
Other assets		0		874
Total identifiable assets acquired excluding goodwill		115,644		323,434
Accruals and other current liabilities		(610)		(27,649)
Deferred revenues		(10,219)		(26,245)
Operating lease liabilities		(1,237)		(11,988)
Deferred income taxes		(6,865)		(53,342)
Other liabilities		0		(716)
Total liabilities assumed		(18,931)		(119,940)
Net identifiable assets acquired excluding goodwill		96,713		203,494
Goodwill		618,401		1,066,350
Net assets acquired		715,114		1,269,844
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions | Software and technology
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles		$ 9,700		$ 43,560
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions | Software and technology | Weighted Average
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life		5 years		5 years
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions | Customer relationships
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles		$ 78,300		$ 158,555
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions | Customer relationships | Weighted Average
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life		10 years		9 years
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions | Trademarks
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles		$ 5,200		$ 38,256
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions | Trademarks | Weighted Average
Business Combination, Separately Recognized Transactions [Line Items]
Acquired finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life		10 years		10 years
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions | In-process research and development
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Finite-lived intangibles		$ 0		$ 3,700
Seequent
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Award service period		2 years
Fair value adjustment of stock consideration		$ 16,943
Seequent | Common Class B Stock Subject to Service Conditions
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Stock-based compensation expense		$ 5,452
Seequent | Class B Common Stock
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Number of shares sold (in shares)	3,141,342
Number of shares sold subject to employment service conditions (in shares)		83,627

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Property and Equipment, Net - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 104,843	$ 104,060
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(72,800)	(72,237)
Total property and equipment, net	32,043	31,823
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	2,811	2,811
Building and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	36,366	35,188
Computer equipment and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	49,169	47,651
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	14,400	14,274
Aircraft
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	2,038	4,075
Other
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 59	$ 61

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Property and Equipment, Net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Feb. 01, 2022	Jan. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense			$ 2,490	$ 2,497
Proceeds from sale of aircraft			2,380	0
Gain on disposition of property plant equipment			2,029	$ 0
Aircraft | Entity Controlled By CEO
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Sale of interest percent		50.00%
Proceeds from sale of aircraft	$ 2,380
Gain on disposition of property plant equipment			$ 2,029

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill beginning balance	$ 1,588,477
Acquisitions	618,401
Foreign currency translation adjustments	10,828
Other adjustments	(128)
Goodwill ending balance	$ 2,217,578

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets Other than Goodwill (Details ) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 489,619	$ 410,343
Accumulated Amortization	(164,193)	(168,056)
Net Book Value	325,426	242,287
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Gross Carrying Amount	493,222	413,890
Accumulated Amortization	(164,193)	(168,056)
Net Book Value	329,029	245,834
In-process research and development
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
In-process research and development	3,603	3,547
Software and technology
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	95,909	101,588
Accumulated Amortization	(50,327)	(63,225)
Net Book Value	45,582	38,363
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Accumulated Amortization	$ (50,327)	(63,225)
Software and technology | Minimum
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Software and technology | Maximum
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Customer relationships
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 324,657	245,325
Accumulated Amortization	(91,288)	(83,799)
Net Book Value	233,369	161,526
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Accumulated Amortization	$ (91,288)	(83,799)
Customer relationships | Minimum
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Customer relationships | Maximum
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Estimated Useful Life	10 years
Trademarks
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 68,703	63,080
Accumulated Amortization	(22,422)	(20,893)
Net Book Value	46,281	42,187
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Accumulated Amortization	$ (22,422)	(20,893)
Trademarks | Minimum
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Trademarks | Maximum
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Estimated Useful Life	10 years
Non-compete agreements
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 350	350
Accumulated Amortization	(156)	(139)
Net Book Value	194	211
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Accumulated Amortization	$ (156)	$ (139)

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Finite-lived Intangible Assets Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	$ 3,022	$ 1,151
Amortization of purchased intangibles	9,906	3,438
Total amortization expense	$ 12,928	$ 4,589

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Investments - Schedule of Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Cost method investments	$ 8,538	$ 6,438
Equity method investment	142	0
Total investments	$ 8,680	$ 6,438

XML

Investments - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Payments to acquire cost method investments	$ 2,111
Equity Method Investee
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Payments to acquire equity method investments	$ 700
Digital Construction Works, Inc. | Equity Method Investee
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50.00%
Digital Construction Works, Inc. | Topcon
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership percentage	50.00%

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Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term	4 years 1 month 6 days	4 years 1 month 6 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	2.60%	2.50%
Operating lease payments, leases not yet commenced	$ 956
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term (less than)	1 year
Renewal term	1 year
Termination period (less than)	1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term (less than)	9 years
Renewal term	10 years
Termination period (less than)	5 years

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Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 5,753	$ 4,543
Variable lease cost	1,273	968
Short-term lease cost	5	4
Total operating lease cost	7,031	5,515
Payments for rent	$ 5,553	$ 4,351

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Leases - Other Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 5,114	$ 4,686
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	2,876	614
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities, business acquisitions	$ 1,237	$ 192

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Leases - Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Remainder of 2022	$ 14,267
2023	14,311
2024	9,624
2025	6,911
2026	4,440
Thereafter	6,146
Total future lease payments	55,699
Less: Imputed interest	(3,829)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 51,870

XML

Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Property and equipment	$ 471	$ 484
Accumulated depreciation	$ (471)	$ (453)
Finance lease, right-of-use asset, statement of financial position [Extensible List]	Property and equipment, net	Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment, net	$ 0	$ 31
Finance lease, liability, current, statement of financial position [Extensible List]	Accruals and other current liabilities	Accruals and other current liabilities
Accruals and other current liabilities	$ 48	$ 98
Total financing lease liabilities	$ 48	$ 98

XML

Accruals and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
CSS deposits	$ 200,589	$ 162,046
Accrued benefits	41,927	36,656
Accrued compensation	29,437	37,725
Due to customers	14,500	12,798
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	7,779	7,309
Accrued indirect taxes	6,457	7,520
Accrued acquisition stay bonus	5,838	9,461
Accrued cloud provisioning costs	5,396	5,862
Accrued professional fees	3,945	6,940
Non-contingent consideration from acquisitions	3,522	4,751
Contingent consideration from acquisitions	3,401	5,382
Employee stock purchase plan contributions	3,118	4,818
Other accrued and current liabilities	25,364	22,335
Total accruals and other current liabilities	$ 351,273	$ 323,603

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Long‑Term Debt - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total net carrying value	$ 1,876,527	$ 1,435,992
Less: Current portion of long-term debt	(5,000)	(5,000)
Total long-term debt	1,871,527	1,430,992
Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total net carrying value	638,466	199,466
Convertible Debt | 2026 Notes:
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	690,000	690,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,769)	(14,677)
Total net carrying value	676,231	675,323
Convertible Debt | 2027 Notes:
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	575,000	575,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(13,170)	(13,797)
Total net carrying value	561,830	561,203
Revolving Credit Facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	440,216	0
Secured Debt | Line of Credit | Term loan:
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross	198,750	200,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(500)	(534)
Total net carrying value	$ 198,250	$ 199,466

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Long‑Term Debt - Bank Credit Facility (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	$ 1,876,527,000	$ 1,435,992,000
Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	638,466,000	199,466,000
Credit Facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Remaining borrowing capacity	409,634,000	849,850,000
Revolving Credit Facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Accordion feature, increase limit	200,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility | New Credit Facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 850,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility | Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowings guaranteed through stock of foreign subsidiaries percentage	0.65
Secured Debt | 2021 Term Loan | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount	$ 200,000,000
Debt issuance costs	540,000
Total long-term debt	198,250,000	199,466,000
Secured Debt | 2021 Term Loan | Line of Credit | March 31,2022 - December 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of term loan per quarter	1,250,000
Secured Debt | 2021 Term Loan | Line of Credit | March 31, 2024 - November 14, 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of term loan per quarter	2,500,000
Letter of Credit | Credit Facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	50,000,000
Multi‑Currency Swing‑Line Sub‑Facility | Credit Facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	85,000,000
Letters of Credit And Surety Bonds | Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total long-term debt	$ 150,000	$ 150,000

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Long‑Term Debt - 2026 Convertible Senior Notes (Details)		3 Months Ended
	Jan. 26, 2021 USD ($) share_rate day $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payments of debt issuance costs | $		$ 0	$ 3,777,000
2026 Notes: | Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount | $	$ 690,000,000
Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage	0.125%
Payments of debt issuance costs | $	$ 18,055,000
Payments of expenses associated with initial public offering | $	25,530,000
Repayment of credit facility | $	$ 250,500,000
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger	130.00%
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days	20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days	30
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	98.00%
Debt instrument, convertible, number of equity instruments, conversion rate (shares per USD) | share_rate	15.5925
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 64.13
Number of trading days after maturity date, debt redeemable	40 days
Effective interest rate	0.658%
2026 Notes: | Convertible Debt | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Share price threshold, adjustment to conversion rate (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 44.23
2026 Notes: | Convertible Debt | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, number of equity instruments, conversion rate (shares per USD) | share_rate	22.6090
Share price threshold, adjustment to conversion rate (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 210.00
2026 Notes: | Convertible Debt | Debt Conversion Terms One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days	20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days	30
2026 Notes: | Convertible Debt | Debt Conversion Terms Two
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive business days	5
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days, after threshold consecutive business days	10

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Long‑Term Debt - 2026 Notes Capped Call Options (Details) - 2026 Notes: - Convertible Debt - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Jan. 26, 2021	Jan. 21, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Capped call options expense	$ 150
Capped call transaction, cap price (USD per share)		$ 72.9795
Capped call, premium above share price, percentage		65.00%

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Long‑Term Debt - 2027 Convertible Senior Notes (Details)		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 28, 2021 USD ($) share_rate day $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Payments of debt issuance costs | $		$ 0	$ 3,777,000
2027 Notes: | Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount | $	$ 575,000,000
Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage	0.375%
Payments of debt issuance costs | $	$ 15,065,000
Payments of expenses associated with initial public offering | $	25,875,000
Repayment of credit facility | $	$ 536,062,000
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger	130.00%
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days	20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days	30
Debt instrument, redemption price, percentage	98.00%
Debt instrument, convertible, number of equity instruments, conversion rate (shares per USD) | share_rate	12.0153
Debt instrument, convertible, conversion price (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 83.23
Number of trading days after maturity date, debt redeemable	40 days
Effective interest rate	0.864%
2027 Notes: | Convertible Debt | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Share price threshold, adjustment to conversion rate (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 61.65
2027 Notes: | Convertible Debt | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, number of equity instruments, conversion rate (shares per USD) | share_rate	16.2206
Share price threshold, adjustment to conversion rate (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 325.00
2027 Notes: | Convertible Debt | Debt Conversion Terms One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold trading days	20
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days	30
2027 Notes: | Convertible Debt | Debt Conversion Terms Two
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive business days	5
Debt instrument, convertible, threshold consecutive trading days, after threshold consecutive business days	10

XML

Long‑Term Debt - 2027 Notes Capped Call Options (Details) - 2027 Notes: - Convertible Debt - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Jun. 28, 2021	Jun. 23, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Capped call options expense	$ 50
Capped call transaction, cap price (USD per share)		$ 95.5575
Capped call, premium above share price, percentage		55.00%

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Long‑Term Debt - Schedule of Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Jun. 28, 2021	Jan. 26, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	$ 1,778	$ 1,229
Other obligations	1,005	(12)
Total interest expense	7,124	2,401
Interest rate swap
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate swap	294	301
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense for debt	2,225	729
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	243	575
Interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs	3,829	1,605
Term loan: | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense for debt	1,067	0
2026 Notes: | Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense for debt	216	154
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	908	654
Interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs	1,124	808
Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage				0.125%
2027 Notes: | Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense for debt	539	0
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	627	0
Interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs	$ 1,166	$ 0
Debt instrument, interest rate, stated percentage			0.375%
Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate over time	2.32%	1.90%

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Long‑Term Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Apr. 02, 2020
Interest rate swap | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount			$ 200,000,000
Derivative fair value	$ 22,201,000	$ 10,117,000
Credit Facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Effective interest rate			0.73%

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Executive Bonus Plan - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) day	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Excluding Share-based Payments and Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]
Number of trading days prior to end of applicable quarter, shares determined upon election by volume-weighted average price | day	10,000
Number of trading days after the end of applicable quarter, shares determined upon election by volume-weighted average price | day	10
Non-deferred incentive bonus threshold for pro rata adjustment	$ 7,500
Bonus plan compensation expense	$ (5,138)	$ 167
Deferred Bonus
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Excluding Share-based Payments and Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]
Company's adjusted Management Reported Operating Income (MORI) threshold for bonus plan percentage (up to)	20.00%
Bonus plan compensation expense	$ 9,719	$ 8,875

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Retirement Plans (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Deferred compensation plan (income) expense	$ (5,138,000)	$ 167,000
Accruals and other current liabilities	351,273,000		$ 323,603,000
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	89,282,000		94,890,000
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, by Type of Compensation, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Accruals and other current liabilities	7,779,000		7,309,000
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	89,282,000		94,890,000
Total DCP liabilities	97,061,000		$ 102,199,000
Nonqualified Plan | Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, by Type of Compensation, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Deferred compensation plan (income) expense	(5,138,000)	167,000
DCP participant deferrals	669,000	854,000
Contributions by employer	$ 0	$ 0
Nonqualified Plan | Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, by Type of Compensation, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits | Class B Common Stock
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Phantom shares issuable (in shares)	24,111,988		25,384,449

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Common Stock - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Sep. 22, 2020	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Employee stock purchase plan contributions		$ 3,118		$ 4,818
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares exercised (in shares)		1,401,249	1,263,121
ESPP
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Maximum percent of eligible compensation available to contribute		15.00%
Maximum employee annual contribution amount	$ 25
Purchase price of common stock, percent	85.00%
Class B Common Stock | Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, by Type of Compensation, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Share-based compensation tax withholding payment		$ 24,246	$ 8,859
Deferred compensation arrangement with individual, shares issued (in shares)		809,751	339,503
Deferred compensation arrangement with individual, shares issued, gross (in shares)		1,310,061	556,475
Shares withheld for tax withholding obligation (in shares)		500,310	216,972
Class B Common Stock | Bonus Plan Incentive
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares exercised, net of shares withheld (in shares)		72,105	79,961
Shares withheld for cost of options and tax withholding obligation (in shares)		56,391	46,077
Share-based compensation tax withholding payment		$ 2,192	$ 2,037
Shares exercised (in shares)		128,496	126,038
Class B Common Stock | Stock Option
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares exercised, net of shares withheld (in shares)		1,401,249
Shares withheld for cost of options and tax withholding obligation (in shares)		314,659
Share-based compensation tax withholding payment		$ 7,651	$ 7,158
Cash used to settle award		$ 2,768
Class B Common Stock | Stock Option | Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares exercised, net of shares withheld (in shares)			1,263,121
Shares withheld for cost of options and tax withholding obligation (in shares)			262,210
Cash used to settle award			$ 1,751
Class B Common Stock | Stock Option | Acquisition Options
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares exercised, net of shares withheld (in shares)		149,855
Shares withheld for cost of options and tax withholding obligation (in shares)		585,145
Class B Common Stock | ESPP
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares withheld for cost of options and tax withholding obligation (in shares)		2,500
Share-based compensation tax withholding payment		$ 121
Shares issued (in shares)		109,749	0
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		$ 4,611
Shares purchased (in shares)		112,249

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Common Stock - Schedule of Dividends (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Equity [Abstract]
Dividends per share (USD per share)	$ 0.03	$ 0.03
Amount	$ 8,353	$ 8,219

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Rollforward of AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 409,222	$ 341,599
Other comprehensive income, before taxes	16,455	(9,153)
Tax expense	(5)	(8)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes	16,450	(9,161)
Ending balance	457,653	353,997
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(91,774)	(26,233)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes	16,450	(9,161)
Ending balance	(75,324)	(35,394)
Foreign Currency Translations
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(90,867)	(25,219)
Other comprehensive income, before taxes	16,437	(9,182)
Tax expense	0	0
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes	16,437	(9,182)
Ending balance	(74,430)	(34,401)
Accumulated (Loss) Gain on Retirement Plan
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Beginning balance	(907)	(1,014)
Other comprehensive income, before taxes	18	29
Tax expense	(5)	(8)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes	13	21
Ending balance	$ (894)	$ (993)

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Equity Awards and Instruments - Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 15,099	$ 9,068
Stock-based compensation expense accrued	8,658		$ 6,749
Cost of revenues: | Subscriptions and licenses
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	385	89
Cost of revenues: | Services
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	383	243
Research and development
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	5,395	3,955
Selling and marketing
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	1,454	788
General and administrative
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	7,482	3,993
Bonus Plan expense
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	8,161	6,124
Restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) expense
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	5,365	1,497
Stock option expense
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	756	998
ESPP expense
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	680	449
DCP elective participant deferrals expense
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 137	$ 0

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Equity Awards and Instruments - Options Outstanding Rollforward (Details) - 2020 Incentive Award Plan - Stock Option $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Stock Options
Beginning balance (in shares) | shares	6,917,925
Exercised (in shares) | shares	(1,715,908)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(25,125)
Ending balance (in shares) | shares	5,176,892
Stock options, exercisable (in shares) | shares	3,144,392
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Beginning balance (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.26
Exercised (USD per share) | $ / shares	4.42
Forfeited (USD per share) | $ / shares	5.56
Ending balance (USD per share) | $ / shares	5.54
Weighted average exercise price, exercisable (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.55
Weighted remaining contractual life (in years)	1 year 7 months 6 days
Shares exercisable, weighted remaining contractual life (in years)	1 year 7 months 6 days
Shares outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value | $	$ 200,026
Shares exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value | $	$ 121,455

XML

Equity Awards and Instruments - Stock Options Narrative (Details) - Stock Option - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options exercised, intrinsic value	$ 62,025	$ 61,267
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 1,873
Cost not yet recognized, period for recognition	10 months 24 days
2020 Incentive Award Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Proceeds from stock options exercised	$ 2,768	$ 1,751

XML

Equity Awards and Instruments - Acquisition Options (Details) - Stock Option - Equity Incentive Plan - Class B Common Stock - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	900,000
Award vesting period	5 years
Stock options exercise price, upper limit (USD per share)	$ 6.805
Stock options exercise price, lower limit (USD per share)	$ 0.01
Shares exercised (in shares)		735,000
Shares outstanding (in shares)		165,000
Shares outstanding, intrinsic value		$ 1,465

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Equity Awards and Instruments - Restricted Stock and RSUs Activity (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock And Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2020 Incentive Award Plan
Number of Shares
Unvested, beginning balance (in shares)	1,708,545
Granted (in shares)	1,377,889
Vested (in shares)	(95,877)
Forfeited (in shares)	(20,044)
Unvested, ending balance (in shares)	2,970,513
Time-Based Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2020 Incentive Award Plan
Number of Shares
Unvested, beginning balance (in shares)	1,611,862
Granted (in shares)	1,072,104
Vested (in shares)	(4,707)
Forfeited (in shares)	(14,531)
Unvested, ending balance (in shares)	2,664,728
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested, beginning balance (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 32.81
Granted (USD per share) | $ / shares	39.26
Vested (USD per share) | $ / shares	44.20
Forfeited (USD per share) | $ / shares	39.27
Unvested, ending balance (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 35.35
Performance Based Restricted Stock And Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2020 Incentive Award Plan
Number of Shares
Unvested, beginning balance (in shares)	96,683
Granted (in shares)	305,785
Vested (in shares)	(91,170)
Forfeited (in shares)	(5,513)
Unvested, ending balance (in shares)	305,785
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested, beginning balance (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 49.93
Granted (USD per share) | $ / shares	39.26
Vested (USD per share) | $ / shares	49.93
Forfeited (USD per share) | $ / shares	49.93
Unvested, ending balance (USD per share) | $ / shares	$ 39.26
Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2020 Incentive Award Plan
Number of Shares
Granted (in shares)	67,957
Time-Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2020 Incentive Award Plan
Number of Shares
Granted (in shares)	199,076
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Number of Shares
Granted (in shares)	120,599
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2020 Incentive Award Plan
Number of Shares
Granted (in shares)	185,186

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Equity Awards and Instruments - Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	120,599
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2020 Incentive Award Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	185,186
Shares realized to extent performance exceeds the applicable targets (in shares)	150,749
Unrecognized compensation cost, excluding options	$ 0
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs), 2016 | Performance-Based Vesting
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Earned through dividends in period (in shares)	7	14
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs), 2016 | 2020 Incentive Award Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost, excluding options	$ 11,676,000
Cost not yet recognized, period for recognition	2 years
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs), 2016 | 2020 Incentive Award Plan | Performance-Based Vesting
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Delivered in period (in shares)	10,888	10,864
Shares outstanding (in shares)	9,340		20,221
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Grant date fair value (USD per share)	$ 39.26	$ 45.32
Restricted Stock And Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2020 Incentive Award Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	1,377,889
Shares outstanding (in shares)	2,970,513		1,708,545
Shares withheld for tax withholding obligation (in shares)	38,955	14,869
Share-based compensation tax withholding payment	$ 1,555,000	$ 708,000
Time-Based Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | 2020 Incentive Award Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares)	1,072,104
Shares outstanding (in shares)	2,664,728		1,611,862
Grant date fair value (USD per share)	$ 39.26
Unrecognized compensation cost, excluding options	$ 83,341,000
Cost not yet recognized, period for recognition	2 years 2 months 12 days

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	May 10, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax expense		$ 3,231	$ 10,358
Discrete income tax benefit		$ 12,728	$ 7,485
Effective income tax rate		5.40%	15.30%
Income before income taxes		$ 60,191	$ 67,810
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries		$ 100,000
Subsequent Event
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Foreign earnings repatriated	$ 50,000

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Convertible Debt | 2026 Notes: | Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	$ 681,030,000	$ 720,284,000
Convertible Debt | 2027 Notes: | Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	502,257,000	$ 531,915,000
Interest rate swap | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount	$ 200,000,000

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Interest Rate Swap Activity (Details) - Interest rate swap - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Other income, net
Derivative [Line Items]
Gain from change in fair value	$ 12,084	$ 13,661
Interest expense, net
Derivative [Line Items]
Payments	$ 294	$ 301

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Liabilities:
Accruals and other current liabilities	$ 3,401	$ 5,382
Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total assets	22,222	10,138
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration	4,361	6,613
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	97,061	102,199
Cash-settled equity awards	497	353
Total liabilities	101,919	109,165
Accruals and other current liabilities	3,401	5,382
Deferred compensation plan, current	7,779	7,309
Fair Value, Recurring | Interest rate swap
Assets:
Interest rate swap	22,201	10,117
Fair Value, Recurring | Money Market Funds
Assets:
Money market funds	21	21
Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total assets	21	21
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration	0	0
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	97,061	102,199
Cash-settled equity awards	497	353
Total liabilities	97,558	102,552
Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring | Interest rate swap
Assets:
Interest rate swap	0	0
Level 1 | Fair Value, Recurring | Money Market Funds
Assets:
Money market funds	21	21
Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total assets	22,201	10,117
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration	0	0
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	0	0
Cash-settled equity awards	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring | Interest rate swap
Assets:
Interest rate swap	22,201	10,117
Level 2 | Fair Value, Recurring | Money Market Funds
Assets:
Money market funds	0	0
Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration	4,361	6,613
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	0	0
Cash-settled equity awards	0	0
Total liabilities	4,361	6,613
Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring | Interest rate swap
Assets:
Interest rate swap	0	0
Level 3 | Fair Value, Recurring | Money Market Funds
Assets:
Money market funds	$ 0	$ 0

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Reconciliation of the Changes in Fair Value of Financial Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 6,613	$ 4,299
Payments	(2,721)	(2,371)
Addition	0	4,544
Change in fair value	500	294
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(31)	(153)
Balance, end of period	$ 4,361	$ 6,613

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Hosted Software Solutions
Long-term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Long-term purchase commitment, amount	$ 41,947

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Geographic Data (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total long-lived assets	$ 410,504	$ 328,475
Americas
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total long-lived assets	188,292	99,500
EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total long-lived assets	40,574	44,730
APAC
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total long-lived assets	$ 181,638	$ 184,245

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Interest Expense, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Interest expense	$ (7,124)	$ (2,401)
Interest income	82	82
Interest expense, net	$ (7,042)	$ (2,319)

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Other Income, Net - Schedule of Other Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Foreign exchange (loss) gain		$ (3,071)	$ 792
Other income, net		13,712	13,690
Total other income, net		10,641	14,482
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of interest rate swaps		12,084	13,661
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		500	$ 0
Aircraft | Entity Controlled By CEO
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Sale of interest percent	50.00%
Gain on sale of interest in aircraft		$ 2,029

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Net Income Per Share - Narrative (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Participating securities outstanding (in shares)	305,785	0

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Net Income Per Share - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Income Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Numerator:
Net income	$ 56,388	$ 57,006
Less: Net income attributable to participating securities	(9)	0
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	56,379	57,006
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, diluted	$ 58,074	$ 57,136
Denominator:
Weighted average shares, basic (in shares)	307,969,672	302,583,452
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs (in shares)	5,542,252	11,388,113
Dilutive effect of ESPP (in shares)	150,709	114,364
Dilutive effect of assumed conversion of convertible senior notes (in shares)	17,667,623	7,650,720
Weighted average shares, diluted (in shares)	331,330,256	321,736,649
Net income per share, basic (USD per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.19
Net income per share, diluted (USD per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.18
Convertible Debt | 2026 Notes:
Numerator:
Add: Interest expense, net of tax, attributable to assumed conversion of convertible senior notes	$ 1,695	$ 130

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Net Income Per Share - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	1,282,161	6,714
Stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	1,282,161	6,714