INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

Interim period income tax expense or recovery is determined by multiplying the year-to-date earnings or losses before tax by management’s best estimate of the overall annual effective income tax rate, taking into account the tax effect of certain items recognized in the interim period. As a result, the effective income tax rates used in our interim financial statements may differ from management’s estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the annual financial statements. Our estimated annual effective income tax rate varies as the quarters progress, for various reasons, including as a result of the mix and volume of business in various tax jurisdictions within the Americas, Europe and Asia, in jurisdictions with tax holidays and tax incentives, and in jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance has been recognized to reduce net deferred tax assets to nil because management believes that it is more likely than not that the benefit will not be realized (i.e., based on our review of financial projections, no estimated future taxable profit will be available against which tax losses and deductible temporary differences could be utilized). Our annual effective income tax rate can also vary due to the impact of restructuring charges, foreign exchange fluctuations, operating losses, cash repatriations, and changes in our provisions related to tax uncertainties.

Our Q1 2025 net income tax expense of $27.5 included a $6.8 withholding tax expense incurred to minimize the impact of the enactment of Pillar Two (global minimum tax) legislation in Canada and a $3.0 tax expense for tax uncertainties relating to one

of our Asian subsidiaries, offset in part by $1.9 of reversals of tax uncertainties relating to another of our Asian subsidiaries. Taxable foreign exchange impacts were not significant in Q1 2025.

Our Q1 2024 net income tax expense of $13.4 was favorably impacted by $5.6 in reversals of tax uncertainties relating to one of our Asian subsidiaries, largely offset by a $4.5 tax expense arising from taxable temporary differences associated with the anticipated repatriation of undistributed earnings from certain of our Asian subsidiaries. Taxable foreign exchange impacts were not significant in Q1 2024.