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Note 1 - Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements  
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]
(1)
NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Nature of Operations
 
GulfMark Offshore, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “we”, “us”, “our” or the “Company”) own and operate offshore supply vessels, principally in the North Sea, offshore Southeast Asia and offshore the Americas. The vessels provide transportation of materials, supplies and personnel to and from offshore platforms and drilling rigs. Some of these vessels also perform anchor handling and towing services.
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include significant estimates for allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, depreciable lives of vessels and equipment, valuation of goodwill, income taxes and commitments and contingencies. While we believe current estimates are reasonable and appropriate, actual results could differ from these estimates.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
 Our investments, consisting of U.S. Government securities and commercial paper with original maturities of up to
three
months, are included in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of cash flows.
 
Vessels and Equipment
 
Vessels and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, which is provided by the straight-line method over their estimated useful life of
25
years for all vessels other than crew boats which are depreciated over
20
years. Interest is capitalized in connection with the construction of vessels. The capitalized interest is included as part of the asset to which it relates and is depreciated over the asset’s estimated useful life. In
 
2016,
2015,
and
2014,
interest of
$2.6
million,
$5.0
million and
$8.4
million, respectively, was capitalized. Office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and vehicles are depreciated over
two
to
five
years.
 
Major renovation costs and modifications that extend the life or usefulness of the related assets are capitalized and depreciated over the assets’ estimated remaining useful lives. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. Included in the consolidated statements of operations for
2016,
2015,
and
2014,
are
$9.3
million,
$19.3
million and
$31.6
 
million, respectively, of costs for maintenance and repairs.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever there is evidence that the carrying amount of such assets
may
not be recoverable. This review consists of comparing the carrying amount of the asset with its expected future undiscounted cash flows before tax and interest costs. If the asset’s carrying amount is less than such cash flow estimate, it is written down to its fair value on a discounted cash flow basis. Estimates of expected future cash flows represent management’s best estimate based on currently available information and reasonable and supportable assumptions. Any impairment recognized is permanent and
may
not be restored. See Note
3
for the results of our impairment analyses.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
As of
December
 
31,
2016
and
2015,
our financial instruments consisted primarily of accounts receivable and payable (which are stated at carrying value which approximates fair value) and long-term debt. Periodically, we enter into forward derivative contracts to hedge our exposure to interest rate or foreign currency fluctuations. In the past we have had open positions in such derivative contracts that are considered financial instruments for which we would disclose certain fair value information. As of
December
 
31,
2016
and
2015,
we had no forward derivative open contracts.
 
Deferred Costs and Other Assets
 
Deferred costs and other assets consist primarily of deferred financing costs and deferred vessel mobilization costs. Deferred financing costs are amortized over the expected term of the related debt. Should the debt for which a deferred financing cost has been recorded terminate by means of payment in full,
tender
offer or lender termination, the associated deferred financing costs would be immediately expensed.
 
In connection with new long-term contracts, costs incurred that directly relate to mobilization of a vessel from
one
region to another are deferred and recognized over the primary contract term. Should either party terminate the contract prior to the end of the original contract term, the deferred amount would be immediately expensed. Costs of relocating vessels from
one
region to another without a contract are expensed as incurred.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Revenue from charters for offshore marine services is recognized as performed based on contractual charter rates and when collectability is reasonably assured. Currently, charter terms range from as short as several days to as long as
10
 
years in duration. Management services revenue is recognized in the period in which the services are performed.
 
Income Taxes
 
We recognize the amount of current year income taxes payable or refundable and deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns previously filed. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates and laws in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The likelihood and amount of future taxable income and tax planning strategies are included in the criteria used to determine the timing and amount of net deferred tax assets recognized for net operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards in our consolidated financial statements. These deferred tax assets are, when appropriate, reduced by a valuation allowance resulting in net deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized.
 
A significant amount of judgment in our use of assumptions and estimates is required in our methodology for determining and recording income taxes. In some instances we use forecasts of expected operations and related tax implications and we consider the possibility of implementing tax planning strategies. Such variables can result in uncertainty and measurable variation between anticipated and actual results can occur. Changes to these variables as a result of unforeseen events
may
have a material impact on our income tax accounts.
 
In recent years we have had operations in over
40
 countries and are or have been subject to a significant number of taxing jurisdictions. Our income earned in these jurisdictions is taxed on various bases, including actual income earned, deemed profits, and revenue based withholding taxes. Our income tax determinations involve the interpretation of applicable tax laws, tax treaties, and related tax rules and regulations of those jurisdictions. Changes in tax law, currency/repatriation controls and interpretation of local tax laws by the relevant tax authority could impact our income tax liabilities or assets in those jurisdictions.
 
In addition, we also account for uncertainty in income taxes by utilizing a more likely than not, or greater than
50%
probability, minimum recognition threshold for measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return that would be sustained upon examination by the relevant tax authorities. We recognize penalties and/or interest related to uncertain tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. Numerous factors contribute to our evaluation and estimation of our tax positions and related tax liabilities and /or benefits, which
may
be adjusted periodically and
may
be resolved differently than we anticipate.
 
We reduce the carrying value of certain deferred tax assets by the tax effect of the amount of excess stock compensation income tax deductions until such time as those tax deductions can be realized. This
may
result in our not recognizing any tax benefits for those excess tax deductions in the period in which they arise. Future recognition will result in a credit to additional paid-in capital rather than a reduction of income tax expense.
 
Foreign Currency Translation
 
The local currencies of the majority of our foreign operations have been determined to be their functional currencies, except for certain foreign operations whose functional currency has been determined to be the U.S. Dollar, based on an assessment of the economic circumstances of the foreign operations. Assets and liabilities of our foreign affiliates are translated at year-end exchange rates, while revenue and expenses are translated at average rates for the period. As a result, amounts related to changes in assets and liabilities reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree to changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets. We consider most intercompany loans to be long-term investments; accordingly, the related translation gains and losses are reported as a component of stockholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses are reported directly in the consolidated statements of operations. During the years ended
December
 
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014,
we reported net foreign currency losses in the amounts of
$2.3
million,
$1.2
 
million and
$2.0
 
million, respectively.
 
Concentration of Credit Risk
 
We extend credit to various companies in the energy industry that
may
be affected by changes in economic or other external conditions. Our policy is to manage our exposure to credit risk through credit approvals and limits. Our trade accounts receivable are aged based on contractual payment terms and an allowance for doubtful accounts is established in accordance with our written corporate policy. The age of the trade accounts receivable, customer collection history and management’s judgment as to the customer’s ability to pay are considered in determining whether an allowance is necessary. In
2014,
we reserved
$3.2
million related to
two
North Sea customers. In
2015,
there were no significant write-offs or increases in our allowance for doubtful accounts. In
2016,
we reserved
$1.8
million related to
three
Southeast Asia customers. For the year ended
December
31,
2016,
no customer accounted for
10%
or more of our total consolidated revenue.
For the year ended
December
 
31,
2015,
we had revenue from
one
customer in our North Sea region and
one
customer in our Americas region which each accounted for
10%
or more of our total consolidated revenue, totaling
$32.4
million and
$31.9
million, respectively, or
23.5%
of our total consolidated revenue. For the year ended
December
 
31,
2014,
we had revenue from
one
customer in our Americas region and
one
customer in our North Sea region which each accounted for
10%
or more of our total consolidated revenue, totaling
$88.7
 
million and
$50.0
 
million, respectively, or
28.2%
of our total consolidated revenue.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
We have share-based compensation plans covering officers and other employees as well as our Board of Directors. Stock-based grants made under our stock plans are recorded at fair value on the date of the grant and the cost is recognized ratably over the vesting period for the restricted stock and the stock options. The fair value of stock option awards is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Restricted stock awards are valued using the market price of our Class A common stock on the grant date. Our stock-based compensation plans are more fully described in Note
 
9
.
 
Our employee stock purchase plan would be considered compensatory whereby it allows all of our U.S. employees and employees of participating subsidiaries to acquire shares of our Class A common stock at
85%
of the fair market value of the Class A common stock under a qualified plan as defined by Section
 
423
of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan has a look-back option that establishes the purchase price as an amount based on the lesser of the Class A common stock’s market price at the grant date or its market price at the exercise date. The total value of the look-back option imbedded in the plan is calculated using the component approach where each award is computed as the sum of
15%
of a share of non-vested stock, a call option on
85%
of a share of non-vested stock, and a put option on
15%
of a share of non-vested stock.
 
Earnings Per Share
 
Basic earnings per share, or EPS, is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is computed using the treasury stock method for common stock equivalents.
 
Reclassifications
 
Certain reclassifications of previously reported information have been made to conform to the current year presentation.
 
New Accounting Pronouncements
 
In
May
2014,
the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB,
issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU,
2014
-
09,
“Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The FASB subsequently issued ASU
2015
-
14
which delayed the effective date from
January
1,
2017
until
January
1,
2018.
Early application is permitted only to the original effective date. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We are evaluating this standard in conjunction with the new lease standard (ASU
2016
-
02)
discussed in the next paragraph.
 
    In
February
2016,
the FASB issued ASU
2016
-
02,
“Leases” to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing all leases on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The main difference between current accounting standards and ASU
2016
-
02
is the recognition of assets and liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under current accounting standards. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December
15,
2018.
We are evaluating this standard in conjunction with the new revenue standard discussed in the previous paragraph.
 
    We intend to adopt the new revenue and lease standards on
January
1,
2018.
While we are continuing to assess all potential impacts of these standards, we expect our revenues related to the offshore marine support and transportation services to remain substantially unchanged. However, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under the new standards
may
be dependent on contract-specific terms and
may
vary in some instances. In addition, we anticipate that our revenues will be classified into
two
general categories – lease revenue and service revenue. The lease revenue will reflect the consideration earned while our vessels are being chartered to our customers while the service revenue component will be primarily composed of the services rendered by our crews that operate the vessels.
 
On
August
27,
2014,
the FASB issued ASU
2014
-
15,
 Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic
205
-
40),
which requires management to evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within
one
year after the financial statements are issued for both annual and interim reporting periods. We adopted the standard effective for the year ended
December
31,
2016.
 
    In
November
2015,
the FASB issued ASU
2015
-
17,
“Income Taxes.” Current accounting requires an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified balance sheet. ASU
2015
-
17
requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. We adopted this standard in the
first
quarter of
2017.
This standard did not have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
 
    In
April
2016,
the FASB issued ASU
2016
-
09,
“Improvements to Employee Share-based Payments.” The ASU allows entities to record excess tax benefits or tax deficiencies as tax benefit or expense, allows entities to elect a methodology of using actual forfeitures instead of estimated forfeitures, and allows entities to withhold up to the maximum individual statutory tax rate without classifying the awards as liabilities. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December
15,
2016.
We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on financial condition or results of operations.
 
    In
August
2016,
the FASB issued ASU
2016
-
15,
“Statement of Cash Flows
Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” The objective of the new standard is to eliminate diversity in practice related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments by adding or clarifying guidance on
eight
classification issues related to the statement of cash flows: debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; settlement of
zero
-coupon bonds; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; distributions received from equity method investees; beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. This standard is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after
December
15,
2017.
Early adoption is permitted. The standard should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
 
    In
October
2016,
the FASB issued ASU 
2016
-
16,
“Income Taxes, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” This standard requires recognition of tax consequences in the period in which a transfer takes place, with the exception of inventory transfers. There will be an immediate effect on earnings if the tax rates in the tax jurisdictions of the selling entity and buying entity are different. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December
15,
2017.
We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
 
      
In
January
2017,
the FASB issued ASU
2017
-
01,
“Business Combinations - Clarifying the Definition of a Business”
to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. ASU
2017
-
01
is effective in annual periods beginning after
December
15,
2017.
We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.