-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, DwA0gWzDGAuRjkdzD6bHfD8l6In2sJxrG7uoUAcIoLUkVbJe4c715FTZ4AIflUJu QA0MAbyQCSMzTqqMyGNw7w== 0000893877-98-000262.txt : 19980331 0000893877-98-000262.hdr.sgml : 19980331 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000893877-98-000262 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10KSB PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 6 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 19971231 FILED AS OF DATE: 19980330 SROS: NONE FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: MINERA ANDES INC /WA CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001030219 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: MISCELLANEOUS METAL ORES [1090] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10KSB SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-22731 FILM NUMBER: 98579558 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 3303 N SULLIVAN RD CITY: SPOKANE STATE: WA ZIP: 99216 BUSINESS PHONE: 5099217322 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 3303 NORTH SULLIVAN RD CITY: SPOKANE STATE: WA ZIP: 99216 10KSB 1 ANNUAL REPORT ================================================================================ U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-KSB (Mark One) |X| Annual report under section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 | | Transition report under section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from _______ to _______ Commission file number 000-22731 MINERA ANDES INC. (Name of small business issuer in its charter) Alberta, Canada (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) None ( I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 3303 N. Sullivan Road, Spokane, Washington 99216 (Address of principal executive offices) (509) 921-7322 (Issuer's telephone number) Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered: Common shares without par value The Alberta Stock Exchange Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Act: None Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes |X| No | | Check if there is no disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation S-B is not contained in this form, and no disclosure will be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-KSB or any amendment to this Form 10-KSB. | | State issuer's revenues for its most recent fiscal year: Nil The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates as of February 27, 1998 was $12,435,020. (Issuers involved in bankruptcy proceedings during the past five years) Check whether the issuer has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes o No o State the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date: As of February 27, 1998, 19,216,050 common shares of the Registrant were outstanding. Documents incorporated by reference. If the following documents are incorporated by reference, briefly describe them and identify the part of the Form 10-KSB (e.g., Part I, Part II, etc.) into which the document is incorporated: (1) any annual report to security holders; (2) any proxy or information statement; and (3) any prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) or (c) of the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act"). Transitional Small Business Disclosure Format (Check one:) Yes | | No |X| ================================================================================ TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Page - ------ ---- Item 1 Description of Business 2 Item 2 Description of Properties 9 Item 3 Legal Proceedings 27 Item 4 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 28 PART II Item 5 Market for Common Equity and Related Shareholder Matters 28 Item 6 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 28 Item 7 Financial Statements 31 Item 8 Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 52 PART III Item 9 Directors, Executive Officers, Promoters and Control Persons; Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act 52 Item 10 Executive Compensation 54 Item 11 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management 57 Item 12 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 59 Item 13 Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K 59 1 PART I Preliminary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements; Currency Disclosure The information set forth in this report in Item 1 - "Description of Business" and in Item 6 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Certain factors that realistically could cause results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements are set forth in Item 1 - "Description of Business-Considerations Related to Minera Andes' Business." All currency amounts in this report are stated in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. On March 24, 1998, the late New York trading rate of exchange, as reported by The Wall Street Journal for conversion of United States dollars into Canadian dollars was U.S. $1.00 = Cdn $1.42 or Cdn $1.00 = U.S. $0.705. ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Minera Andes Inc. ("Minera Andes" or the "Corporation") is engaged in the exploration and development of mineral properties located in the Republic of Argentina. The Corporation's objective is to identify and acquire properties with promising mineral potential, explore them to an advanced stage or to the feasibility study stage, and then, if warranted, to pursue development of the properties, typically through joint ventures or other collaborative arrangements with partners that have expertise in mining operations. The Corporation's business grew out of a program begun by N.A. Degerstrom, Inc., a contract mining company based in Spokane, Washington ("Degerstrom"), to identify properties in Argentina that possessed promising mineral potential. Based on the study of available remote sensing satellite data and experience gained from drilling work performed by Degerstrom, beginning in 1991 Degerstrom identified a number of areas which it believed had exploration potential and began the process of filing applications for exploration concessions with the provincial governments in Argentina and negotiating option agreements with private landowners. Degerstrom conveyed these property interests to the Corporation in 1995. See "Description of Properties - The Degerstrom Agreement" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." The Corporation's current properties and projects consist of mineral rights and applications for mineral rights covering approximately 225,736 hectares in six provinces. The lands comprise option to purchase contracts, exploration and mining agreements and direct interests through the Corporation's filings for exploration concessions. The Corporation's properties are all early stage exploration prospects. No proven or probable reserves have yet been identified. See "Description of Properties." The Corporation has no employees, as it is staffed by N.A. Degerstrom, Inc. personnel (4 persons) under the Operating Agreement. Operating Structure The Corporation is the product of an amalgamation in November 1995 of Minera Andes and Scotia Prime Minerals, Incorporated, a then inactive Alberta corporation which had previously had its Common Shares listed for trading on The Alberta Stock Exchange ("ASE"). The Corporation's interests in its Argentina properties are held through two Argentinean subsidiaries: Minera Andes S.A. ("MASA") and NAD S.A. ("NADSA"). MASA was incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Argentina in September 1994. NADSA was incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Argentina in July 1994. 2 |----------------------| | Minera Andes Inc. | |----------------------| | 95%--------------------------91.6% | | | | |---------| | | Minera | |-----------| | Andes | | NAD S.A. | | S.A. | |-----------| |---------| The Corporation holds 19 of the 20 issued and outstanding shares of MASA and 11 of the 12 issued and outstanding shares of NADSA as well as an irrevocable transferrable option to purchase the one remaining MASA share and an irrevocable transferrable option to purchase the one remaining NADSA share. Each of those single shares are held by a natural person shareholder as required by local law. Degerstrom provides management services to the Corporation and acts as operator of the Corporation's properties and projects pursuant to an operating agreement entered into in March 1995 ("Operating Agreement"). Under the Operating Agreement, Degerstrom operates and manages the exploration program on all properties and provides related offsite administrative assistance as required. This agreement allows the Corporation to minimize its overhead by providing for reimbursement to Degerstrom of direct out of pocket and certain allocated indirect costs and expenses and the payment of a management fee of 15%. See "Description of Properties - the Degerstrom Agreement" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Degerstrom is principally involved in contract mining and operates its own independently owned mines and mines in joint venture with other mining companies. Degerstrom provides a full range of contract services including geological studies, site drilling, metallurgical analysis, and engineering of pit, process and recovery systems. The Corporation's management office is 3303 North Sullivan Road, Spokane, Washington, 99216, while the principal business address of the Corporation is Coronel Moldes 837, (5500) Mendoza, Argentina. The registered address of the Corporation is 1600, 407 2nd Street S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P 2Y3 Canada. Considerations Related to Minera Andes' Business Ownership of the Corporation's Common Shares involves a high degree of risk. Shareholders should consider, among other things, the following factors relating to the Corporation's business and properties and its present stage of development: Risks Inherent in Minerals Exploration. There are a number of uncertainties inherent in any exploration or development program, including location of economic ore bodies, the development of appropriate metallurgical processes, and the receipt of necessary governmental permits. Substantial expenditures may be required to pursue such exploration and, if warranted, development activities. Assuming discovery of an economic ore body and depending on the type of mining operation involved, several years may elapse from the initial stages of development until commercial production is commenced. New projects frequently experience unexpected problems during exploration and development stages and frequently result in abandonment of the properties as 3 potential development projects. Most exploration projects do not result in the discovery of minable deposits of ore. There can be no assurance that the Corporation's exploration efforts will yield reserves or result in any commercial mining operations. Many of the properties that the Corporation intends to explore in Argentina are the subject of applications for concessions, many of which have not yet been granted. The filing of an application for concession grants the holder the exclusive right to obtain the concession conditioned on the outcome of the approval process. The approval process is an administrative procedure under the authority of the province in which the property is located. The process includes a public notice and approval procedure allowing third parties to give notice of opposition or prior claim, if any, before the title to the concession is granted. The approval process may take many months to complete. Although the Corporation believes that it has taken all necessary steps with respect to the application, approval and registration process for the property concessions it has currently applied for and property transactions to which it is a party, there is no assurance that any or all applications will result in issued concessions or that the public registrations will be timely approved. Risks Inherent in the Mining Industry. Exploration, development and mining operations are subject to a variety of laws and regulations relating to exploration, development, employee safety and environmental protection; mining activities are subject to substantial operating hazards including rock bursts, cave-ins, fires and flooding, some of which are not insurable or may not be insured for economic reasons. The Corporation currently has no insurance against such risks. The Corporation may also incur liability as a result of pollution and other casualties involved in the drilling and mining of ore. There may be limited availability of water and power, which are essential to mining operations; and interruptions may be caused by adverse weather conditions. The Corporation or joint venture or investment partners must obtain necessary governmental approvals and make necessary capital expenditures before production may commence on most of its projects. Significant capital expenditures will also be required to bring them into production. The Corporation may obtain funds for a portion of these capital expenditures from joint venture or investment partners. However, there can be no assurance that such joint venture or investment partners will provide such funds or that such project financing will be available to the Corporation on acceptable terms. The number of potential sources of third-party project financing for mining projects is limited. Minera Andes is subject to additional risks, including that a large number of companies, many of which are significantly larger and have greater financial and technical resources than Minera Andes, compete in the acquisition, exploration and development of mining properties; mining projects are highly speculative and involve substantial risks, even when conducted on properties known to contain significant quantities of mineralization. Need for Additional Capital. The exploration and, if warranted, development of Minera Andes' properties will require substantial financing. The Corporation's ability to obtain additional financing will depend, among other things, on the price of gold, silver, copper and other metals and the industry's perception of their future price. Therefore, availability of funding depends largely on factors outside of the Corporation's control, and cannot be accurately predicted. Failure to obtain sufficient financing could result in delay or indefinite postponement of exploration, development or production on any or all of Minera Andes' projects or loss of properties. For example, certain of the agreements pursuant to which the Corporation has the right to conduct exploration activities carry work commitments which, if not met, could result in the Corporation losing its right to acquire an interest in the subject property. There can be no assurance that additional capital or other types of financing will be available when needed or that, if available, the terms of such financing will be favorable to Minera Andes. Competitive Business Conditions. The exploration and development of mineral properties in the Republic of Argentina is a highly competitive business. A large number of companies compete with the Corporation in the acquisition, exploration and development of mining properties. Many of these competing companies are significantly larger than the Corporation and have substantially greater economic and technical resources than the 4 Corporation. While the Corporation seeks to compete by identifying properties for exploration, acquiring exclusive rights to conduct such exploration and carrying out exploration and development of the properties with joint venture or investment partners, there can be no assurance that the Corporation will be successful in any of these efforts. Foreign Operations. All of Minera Andes' properties are located in Argentina. Argentina has recently emerged from periods of political and economic instability. While current indications are that such instability is diminishing, there are no guarantees that this will continue. Foreign properties, operations and investments may be adversely affected by local political and economic developments, including nationalization, exchange controls, currency fluctuations, taxation and laws or policies as well as by laws and policies of the United States and Canada affecting foreign trade, investment and taxation. It is important that the Corporation maintain good relationships with the governments in Argentina. The Corporation may not be able to maintain such relationships if the governments change. Argentina has and is developing new bodies of law that will impact the conduct of business generally and mining operations in particular. Future laws (including tax laws) could adversely affect the conduct of business and mining operations. Difficulties in Developing Remote Areas. Many of the areas in which the Corporation is conducting exploration and, if warranted, development activities are in particularly remote and mountainous regions, with limited infrastructure and limited access to essential resources. Exploration or development projects in these areas may require the Corporation or its joint venture partners to develop power sources, transportation systems and communications systems, and to secure adequate supplies of fuel, machinery, equipment and spare parts. Consequently, exploration and development in these areas is particularly difficult, requiring significant capital expenditures, and may be subject to cost over-runs or unanticipated delays. Fluctuation in the Price of Minerals. The market price of minerals is volatile and beyond the control of the Corporation. If the price of a mineral should drop dramatically, the value of the Corporation's properties which are being explored or developed for that mineral could also drop dramatically and the Corporation might not be able to recover its investment in those properties. The decision to put a mine into production, and the commitment of the funds necessary for that purpose, must be made long before the first revenues from production will be received. Price fluctuations between the time that such a decision is made and the commencement of production can change completely the economics of the mine. Although it is possible to protect against price fluctuations by hedging in certain circumstances, the volatility of mineral prices represents a substantial risk in the mining industry generally which no amount of planning or technical expertise can eliminate. Environmental and Other Laws and Regulations. Mining operations and exploration activities in Argentina are subject to various federal, provincial and local laws and regulations governing mineral rights, exploration, development and mining, exports, taxes, labor, protection of the environment and other matters. Compliance with such laws and regulations may necessitate significant capital outlays, materially affect the economics of a given project, or cause material changes or delays in the Corporation's intended activities. Minera Andes has obtained or is in the process of obtaining authorizations currently required to conduct its operations. New or different standards imposed by governmental authorities in the future or amendments to current laws and regulations governing operations and activities of mining companies or more stringent implementation thereof could have an adverse impact on Minera Andes' activities. Control by Single Shareholder; Conflicts of Interest. Degerstrom beneficially owns approximately 26% of the outstanding voting securities of the Corporation and therefore can exert significant influence in the election of the Corporation's directors and have substantial voting power with respect to other matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders. The interests of Degerstrom with respect to any transaction involving actual or potential change in control of the Corporation or other transactions may differ from those of the Corporation's other shareholders. 5 Certain directors and officers of the Corporation are also directors, officers or employees of the Corporation's majority shareholder, Degerstrom and of other natural resource and mining companies. As a result, conflicts may arise between the obligations of these directors to the Corporation and to these other entities. Certain directors and officers of the Corporation have other full time employment or other business or time restrictions placed on them and accordingly, these directors and officers may not be able to devote full time to the affairs of the Corporation. Transactions With Degerstrom; Dependence on Key Personnel. The Corporation has entered into an Operating Agreement with Degerstrom. See "Description of Properties - The Degerstrom Agreement." This agreement is not the result of arm's-length negotiations between independent parties. There can be no assurance that the Operating Agreement or any future agreements will be effected on terms comparable to those that would have resulted from negotiations between unaffiliated parties. Such agreements may be amended by the Corporation and Degerstrom, by mutual agreement. Degerstrom is not required to devote its personnel and resources exclusively to, or for the benefit of, the Corporation. There can be no assurance that the services to be provided by Degerstrom will be available to the Corporation at all times. Moreover, the Corporation's success will be dependent upon the services of certain executive officers, including Allen Ambrose and Brian Gavin, who are also employees of Degerstrom. Degerstrom pays compensation and provides other benefits to these individuals. Minera Andes does not have employment contracts with nor does it maintain key person life insurance for Mr. Ambrose or Mr. Gavin. Liquidity; Limited Trading Market. There currently is a limited trading market for the Corporation's securities. There is no assurance that an active trading market will ever develop. Investment in the Corporation is not suitable for any investor who may have to liquidate such investment on a timely basis and should only be considered by investors who are able to make a long-term investment in the Corporation. Glossary of Geologic and Mining Terms; Statement of Abbreviations and Conversion Factors "anomalous" means either a geophysical response that is higher or lower than the average background or rock samples that return assay values greater than the average background; "Bankable Feasibility Study" means the study, prepared to industry standards, based upon which a bank or other lending institution may loan the Corporation, MASA or NADSA funds for production development on the Claims; "breccia" means a course grained rock, composed of angular broken rock fragments held together by a finer grained matrix; "Cateo" means an exploration concession for mineral rights granted to an individual or company in the Republic of Argentina, as defined by the Republic of Argentina Mining Code, as amended; "Claims" means the Cateos, Manifestacion de Descubrimiento, Mina, Estaca Mina (as defined by the Republic of Argentina Mining Code, as amended) described herein issued to NADSA, MASA or the Corporation by the government of Argentina or any provincial government; "Estaca Mina" means areas granted to extend the area covered by existing Minas; "grab sample" means one or more pieces of rock collected from a mineralized zone that when analyzed do not represent a particular width of mineralization nor necessarily the true mineral concentration of any larger portion of a mineralized area; "igneous rock" means a rock formed by the cooling of molten rock either underground or at the surface of the earth; 6 "intrusive rock" means an igneous rock that, when in the molten or partially molten state, penetrated into or between other rocks, but cooled beneath the surface. "Manifestacion de Descubrimiento" (literally, manifestation of discovery) means the intermediate stage between the exploration phase and exploitation phase of development; "metamorphic rock" means an igneous or sedimentary rock that has been altered by exposure to heat and pressure (resulting from deep burial, contact with igneous rocks, compression in mountain building zones or a combination of these factors) but without complete melting. Metamorphosis typically results in partial recrystallization and the growth of new minerals. "Metasediment" refers to metamorphosed sedimentary rock. "Metavolcanics" refers to metamorphosed volcanic rock; "Mina" means an exploitation grant based on Manifestacion de Descubrimiento; "net smelter return royalty" is a form of royalty payable as a percentage of the value of the final product of a mine, after deducting the costs of transporting ore or concentrate to a smelter, insurance charges for such transportation, and all charges or costs related to smelting the ore. Normally, exploration, development and mining costs are not deducted in calculating a net smelter return royalty. However, such royalties are established by contract or statute (in the case of property owned by governments), and the specific terms of such contracts or statutes govern the calculation of the royalty. "net profits royalty" is a form of royalty payable as a percentage of the net profits of a mining operation. In contrast to net smelter return royalties, costs relating to exploration, development and mining may be deducted from the net proceeds of the operation in calculating the royalty. However, such royalties are established by contract or statute (in the case of property owned by governments), and the specific terms of such contracts or statutes govern the calculation of the royalty. "porphyry" means an igneous rock of any composition that contains conspicuous large mineral crystals in a fine-grained ground mass; "Underlying Royalty" means any royalties on the Claims that are part of the lease, purchase or option of said Claim from the owner or any royalties that may be imposed by the provincial government; "vein" means a mineral filling of a fault or fracture in the host rock, typically in tabular or sheet-like form; "VLF-EM" means a very low frequency electromagnetic geophysical instrument used in exploration to measure variances of conductivity in surficial sediments and bedrock; "volcanic rock" (basalt, pillowed-flows, rhyolite) means an igneous rock that has been poured out or ejected at or near the earth's surface; "volcanoclastic rock" (wacke, tuff, turbidite) means a sedimentary rock derived from the transportation and deposition of volcanic rock fragments by air (tuff) or water (wacke or turbidite) The following is a list of abbreviations used throughout this Report for technical terms: Ag silver Au gold As arsenic Cu copper 7 g/t Au grams per tonne gold g/t Ag grams per tonne silver g/t grams per tonne ha hectare(s) Hg mercury IP/RES induced polarization and resistivity (survey) kg kilogram(s) km kilometer(s) m meter(s) Mo molybdenum NSR Net Smelter Return oz ounce Pb lead ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million Sb antimony sq. square VLF-EM very low frequency electromagnetic (survey) Zn zinc The following table sets forth certain standard conversions from Standard Imperial units to the International System of Units (or metric units). To Convert From Imperial To Metric Multiply by acres hectares 0.404686 feet meters 0.30480 miles kilometers 1.609344 tons tonnes 0.907185 ounces (troy)/ton grams/tonne 34.2857 1 mile = 1.609 kilometers 1 yard = 0.9144 meters 1 acre = 0.405 hectares 2,204.62 pounds = 1 metric ton = 1 tonne 2,000 pounds (1 short ton) = 0.907 tonnes 1 ounce (troy) = 31.103 grams 1 ounce (troy)/ton = 34.2857 grams/tonne ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES The principal business of the Corporation is the exploration and development of mineral properties ("Claims") located in the Republic of Argentina. The Corporation's interests in the Claims are held through MASA and NADSA. MASA holds properties and is the company in which the daily business operations are conducted. NADSA holds properties and drilling equipment under a temporary importation permit. MASA and NADSA were formed and registered as mining companies in order for the Corporation to receive the benefits of the new mining laws in Argentina. The principal properties of the Corporation are described under the heading "Principal Properties" below. The Degerstrom Agreement A number of the Claims were originally held by Degerstrom. Pursuant to the March 1995 Asset and Share Acquisition Agreement to which the Corporation, MASA, NADSA and Degerstrom are parties (the "Degerstrom Agreement"), Degerstrom transferred its interest in those Claims to NADSA and MASA in consideration for a royalty. Degerstrom also conveyed the MASA and NADSA capital stock it held to the Corporation. In consideration for those shares, Minera Andes (i) issued to Degerstrom 4,000,000 Common Shares and the right to acquire an additional 1,213,409 Common Shares if any of the properties comprising the Claims became the subject of a Bankable Feasibility Study, (ii) agreed to pay a royalty on any existing or future properties held by 8 the Corporation or its affiliates as described below, and (iii) agreed to pay the aggregate amount of the cost and expenses incurred by Degerstrom on behalf of the Corporation from July 1, 1994 through March 15, 1995. Minera Andes also acquired from Brian Gavin, an officer of the Corporation, the shares he held in MASA. The royalty payable to Degerstrom by both NADSA and MASA will be a percentage of the net smelter return earned on those Claims or any future Claims acquired by those parties. The Claims are subject to a royalty equal to the difference between 3 percent and the Underlying Royalty, subject to a maximum royalty of 2 percent. If any party acquires all or part of the Underlying Royalty, the royalty payable, if any, to Degerstrom will not increase. If Degerstrom collects a royalty on any of the Claims held by the parties, each party shall at any time have the option, upon giving notice to Degerstrom, to repurchase up to one-half of the royalty payable to Degerstrom upon payment of $1,500,000, for each one percent of the royalty repurchased. NADSA, MASA, Degerstrom and the Corporation also entered into an Operating Agreement, appointing Degerstrom as operator of the Claims and any future Claims acquired in Argentina. Under the terms of the Operating Agreement, Degerstrom operates and manages the exploration program on all properties and provides related offsite administrative assistance as required. In consideration for these operating services, Degerstrom is entitled to reimbursement for its costs of labor, materials and supplies incurred in connection with its services plus an additional 15% of such costs as a management fee. Included in the Operating Agreement are fixed rates for the equipment owned by Degerstrom. Degerstrom has the right to terminate the Operating Agreement if the Corporation does not maintain a program and budget in excess of Cdn $300,000 per year. If the Corporation elects to develop a property and contract with a third party for development or production, the Corporation must give notice to Degerstrom of the terms and conditions of the proposed arrangement. Degerstrom has the right for a period of 30 days to meet the contract bid by a third party. PRINCIPAL PROPERTIES Recent Mining and Economic History in Argentina Argentina is the second largest country in South America, over 2.7 million square km in area. In 1983, Argentina returned to a multi-party democracy, which brought to an end nearly a half century of military intervention and political instability. The country then began to stabilize; however, it was not until 1989, with the election of the current government under president Carlos Menem, that Argentina's economy began to improve. Menem initiated serious economic reforms that included the privatization of many state companies and the implementation of the Convertibility Plan, which fixed the Argentine peso to the US dollar at par, fully backed by reserves of foreign exchange, gold and dollar-denominated bonds of the Central Bank of Argentina. Results of the reforms have been positive; Argentina's gross domestic product grew at up to 8% per annum in the early 1990s and inflation has dropped to between 1 and 3% per annum. However, Argentina is currently recovering from a recession. The government is focused on diversifying the economy to increase exports and decrease Argentina's dependency on imports. The country is encouraging foreign investment. The government is actively revitalizing the mineral sector. In 1993, the Mining Investments Act instituted a new system for mining investment to encourage mineral exploration and foreign investment in Argentina. Key incentives provided by the Act include: guaranteed tax stability for a 30 year period, 100% income tax deductions on exploration costs, accelerated amortization of investments in infrastructure, machinery and equipment, and the exemption from import duties on capital goods, equipment and raw materials used in mining and exploration. Repatriation of capital or transfer of profits are unrestricted. Argentina's mineral resources, owned by its 23 provinces, are subject to a provincial royalty capped at 3% of the "mouth of mine" value of production, although provinces may opt to waive their royalties. Argentina's mineral potential is largely unknown, particularly in comparison to that of its immediate neighbors. Until recently, Argentina has been relatively under-explored and, as a consequence, there is a lack of 9 information pertaining to the country's resource base. Copper and gold mineralization discovered to date occurs predominantly in the southern Andean copper belt which extends over 1,000 km through northwestern Argentina. Deposits that are currently under development include the Bajo de la Alumbrera, Agua Rica and El Pachon deposits. In addition, gold deposits are concentrated in the Argentine portion of the Central Andes' Maricunga-El Indio gold belts and in the newly discovered Santa Cruz gold belt in southern Patagonia. In 1989, fewer than a dozen foreign exploration companies had offices in Argentina; currently there are approximately 60 such companies. Exploration expenditures have grown from $5 million in 1991 to over $90 million in 1995. The Corporation initiated gold exploration in Argentina in 1991, in conjunction with Degerstrom. As of December 1997, the Corporation had Argentine land holdings totaling 225,736 ha in six Argentine provinces (Figure 1). The Corporation's exploration efforts initially focused on evaluating prospects generated by 1960's United Nations development exploration programs and on targets generated by satellite image analysis. The Corporation developed techniques of processing and interpreting satellite imagery to assist in identifying promising exploration targets. Currently, the Corporation is completing exploration work that includes geophysical surveys, mechanical trenching and reverse-circulation drilling on the most advanced targets in their property portfolio, and conducting grassroots exploration to evaluate their other properties and to generate new targets. Property And Title The laws, procedures and terminology regarding mineral title in Argentina differ considerably from those in the United States and in Canada. Mineral rights in Argentina are separate from surface ownership and are owned by the federal government or the provinces, depending on the territory in which they are located. Mineral rights are administered by the provinces. The following summarizes some of the Argentinean mining law terminology in order to aid in understanding the Corporation's land holdings in Argentina. 1. Cateo: A cateo is an exploration concession which does not permit mining but gives the owner a preferential right to a mining concession for the same area. Cateos are measured in 500 ha unit areas. A cateo cannot exceed 20 units (10,000 ha). No person may hold more than 400 units in a single province. The term of a cateo is based on its area: 150 days for the first unit (500 ha) and an additional 50 days for each unit thereafter. After a period of 300 days, 50% of the area over 4 units (2,000 ha) must be dropped. At 700 days, 50% of the area remaining must be dropped. Time extensions may be granted to allow for bad weather, difficult access, etc. Cateos are identified by a file number or "expediente" number. Cateos are awarded by the following process: (a) Application for a cateo covering a designated area. The application describes a minimum work program for exploration; (b) Approval by the province and formal placement on the official map or graphic register; (c) Publication in the provincial official bulletin; (d) A period following publication for third parties to oppose the claim. (e) Awarding of the cateo. The length of this process varies depending on the province, and commonly takes up to 2 years. Accordingly, cateo status is divided into those that are in the application process and those that have been awarded. If two companies apply for cateos on the same land, the first to apply has the superior right. During the application period, the first applicant has rights to any mineral discoveries made by third parties in the cateo without its prior consent. While it is theoretically possible for a junior applicant to be awarded a cateo, because applications can be denied, the Corporation knows of no instances where this has happened. 10 Applicants for cateos may be allowed to explore on the land pending formal award of the cateo, with the approval of the surface owner of the land. The time periods after which the owner of a cateo must reduce the quantity of land held does not begin to run until 30 days after a cateo is formally awarded. The Corporation's goal is to determine whether its cateos contain commercial grade ore deposits before portions of the cateos must be relinquished. The Corporation's ability to do so is dependent upon adequate financing for exploration activities. It is likely that several of the Corporation's cateos will be relinquished after preliminary exploration because no promising mineral deposits have been discovered. Until August 1995, a "canon fee", or tax, of $400 per unit was payable upon the awarding of a cateo. A recent amendment to the mining act requires that this canon fee be paid upon application for the cateo. 2. Mina: To convert an exploration concession to a mining concession, some or all of the area of a cateo must be converted to a "mina". Minas are mining concessions which permit mining on a commercial basis. The area of a mina is measured in "pertenencias". Each mina may consist of two or more pertenencias. "Common pertenencias" are six hectares in size and "disseminated pertenencias", 100 ha (relating to disseminated deposits of metals rather than discrete veins). The mining authority may determine the number of pertenencias required to cover the geologic extent of the mineral deposit in question. Once granted, minas have an indefinite term assuming exploration development or mining is in progress. An annual canon fee of $80 per pertenencia is payable to the province. Minas are obtained by the following process: (a) Declaration of manifestation of discovery ("MD"), in which a point within a cateo is nominated as a discovery point. The MD is used as a basis for location of pertenencias of the sizes described above. MD's do not have a definite area until pertenencias are proposed. Within a period following designation of an MD, the claimant may do further exploration, if necessary, to determine the size and shape of the orebody. (b) Survey ("mensura") of the mina. Following a publication and opposition period and approval by the province, a formal survey of the pertenencias (together forming the mina) is completed before the granting of a mina. The status of a surveyed mina provides the highest degree of mineral land tenure and rights in Argentina. 3. Estaca Minas: These are six-hectare extensions to existing surveyed minas that were granted under previous versions of the mining code. Estaca minas are equivalent to minas. Estaca minas were eliminated from the mining code in August 1996. 4. Provincial Reserve Areas: Provinces are allowed to withdraw areas from the normal cateo/mina process. These lands may be held directly by the province or assigned to provincial companies for study or exploration and development. All mineral rights described above are considered forms of real property and can be sold, leased or assigned to third parties on a commercial basis. Cateos and minas can be forfeited if minimum work requirements are not performed or if annual payments are not made. Generally, notice and an opportunity to cure defaults is provided to the owner of such rights. Grants of mining rights include water rights, subject to the rights of prior users. Further, the mining code contains environmental and safety provisions, administered by the provinces. Prior to conducting operations, miners must submit an environmental impact report to the provincial government, describing the proposed operation and the methods to be used to prevent undue environmental damage. The environmental impact report 11 must be updated biennially, with a report on the results of the protection measures taken. If protection measures are deemed inadequate, additional environmental protection may be required. Mine operators are liable for environmental damage. Violators of environmental standards may be caused to shut down mining operations. General Discussion of Andean Geology as it Relates to Mineral Deposits The Andes Mountain Range running along the western edge of South America, including the western portions of Argentina, is a dynamic portion of the earth's crust. Conditions there have been favorable for the formation of metal ore deposits for the past 100 million years. Since the late 1960s geologists around the world have realized that the continents and ocean floors of the earth's crust consist of many individual plates which move against each other, more or less "floating" on the next deeper layer of the earth, referred to as the mantle. Where these crustal plates rub against each other, earthquakes are common. Where one plate is overridden by another (referred to as a "subduction zone"), the lower plate may partially melt, causing liquid rock to rise through the plates. In particular, along the western edge of South America, the Pacific Ocean floor is being overridden by South America, creating many folds and faults in the edge of the continent, with attendant earthquakes. As the ocean floor is pushed under the continent, parts of the slab (up to 70 km thick) are melted and rise upward, intruding into the crust of South America. Some of this melted rock cools underground, creating bodies of granite. The granite may later be exposed by erosion of the mountain ranges. Other portions of the molten rock reach the surface and form the volcanoes of the Andes. With the molten rock come superheated fluids that carry sulphur and metals such as copper and gold. These minerals are deposited in and around the intrusive and volcanic rocks. Persistent hot springs, as in Yellowstone National Park, may concentrate deposits of metals. Weathering of ore deposits can cause metals in the rock and soil to dissolve and be concentrated at lower levels. There has been relatively continuous intrusive and volcanic activity along the Andean chain for over 100 million years, creating a very good environment for metal deposits. As explained above, while numerous gold and copper deposits have been developed in the Andes Mountains in neighboring Chile, the similar terrain in Argentina has only recently been opened to exploration. Minera Andes was one of the first companies to obtain valuable exploration rights in Argentina, and has a substantial number of promising properties which it is systematically exploring for metal deposits. Minera Andes Properties The sections that follow discuss certain of the properties that are or have been the subject of joint venture agreements with third parties or which have been more intensively explored by the Corporation. Figure 1 [Map illustrating Minera Andes current projects and mines] 13 A. Santa Clara Project Summary 1. Santa Clara Project Location The Santa Clara Project area is located in northwest Mendoza Province, approximately 63 km west of the city of Tupungato, at latitude 33(degree)12'00"S and longitude 69(degree)7'00"W. Good road access exists to the project area. Elevations at Santa Clara range from 2,500 m to 4,600 m with moderate to rugged relief. 2. Santa Clara Project Geology The Santa Clara Project is located within metamorphic and intrusive rocks of the Frontal Cordillera. Basement rocks at Santa Clara comprise metasediments and igneous rocks and volcanic sediments ranging in age from billions of years old to about 300 million years old. These rocks are intruded by granite and other intrusive and volcanic rocks with ages ranging from 200 million years old to the present. 3. Santa Clara Project Exploration The Santa Clara Project was first explored in the 1960s under the United Nations-Argentine Government Plan Cordillerano. The property was recognized as hosting porphyry copper potential and an exploration campaign consisting of geological mapping, geochemical surveys (stream sediment, soil and rock chip) and an induced polarization geophysical survey was completed. In addition, diamond drilling was completed in 28 holes to depths ranging from 70 m to 110. In 1982-83, Fabricaciones Militares explored a portion of the Santa Clara area for molybdenum. The work consisted of geologic mapping, planimetric surveys, an induced polarization geophysical survey and two drill holes. Since 1994, MASA has completed property-wide prospecting and stream sediment sampling surveys which clearly defined a porphyry copper center at Tres Quebradas . In addition, four areas of anomalous gold values were outlined; Tres Quebradas (north of the copper zone), Quebrada del Norte, Quebrada del Azufre and Arroyo Metales. Each of these targets was systematically explored by detailed mapping and sampling in subsequent exploration programs. In 1997, prior to the termination of the joint venture, the Corporation's partner, Cominco, constructed access roads and drilled four diamond drill holes to explore the copper potential of the Quebrada del Azufre zone. The continued focus of exploration at Santa Clara is the evaluation of the area's porphyry copper potential. Minera Andes is currently offering the project for joint venture with major mining companies. 4. Santa Clara Project Ownership The Santa Clara Project comprises at total of 26,580 ha in 8 cateos and 14 manifestations of discovery. All landholdings are currently held by MASA under an option to purchase agreement, or directly. MASA is party to an option-to-purchase agreement with Messrs. Carotti and Giustozzi, of the city of Mendoza. MASA can earn 100% interest in the property by making payments totaling $1,950,000 by October, 1998. The property is subject to a 0.5% net smelter return royalty to the owner or, in the case of their cateo being superseded by a manifestation of discovery from an adjacent cateo belonging to MASA, a 2.5% net smelter royalty on ore mined from their cateo capped at the total option price. MASA may also exercise the Santa Clara option at any time by paying the balance in five semi-annual payments from the date of exercise. In 1995, the owners and the Corporation rescheduled the payments due under the option to purchase contract. This was done because two of the seven cateos and one of the twelve manifestations of discovery were pending in a provincial park boundary dispute which could have affected a portion of the property. The boundaries of the Volcan Tupungato Provincial Park were extended in April 1994 to cover sixty percent of the pre-existing mineral rights at Santa Clara. This status would have prohibited mining. The provincial mining authorities confirmed the validity of the mining rights at Santa Clara in January 1996, and permission was received for continued exploration in March 1996. Provincial Law 6459 was passed on January 2, 1997 to exclude existing mineral properties from the provincial park. 14 Through December 31, 1997, option payments totaling $265,000 have been made. Due to current conditions in the equity markets for junior exploration and mining companies and metal prices, the Corporation is currently renegotiating the contract with the landowners. Canon fees due on these Santa Clara properties in 1998 total $12,280. Mina survey costs are estimated at $30,000 for 1998. Mendoza Province has waived its rights to a royalty. The Corporation signed a Memorandum of Understanding in March 1996 with Cominco providing for a joint venture on the Santa Clara and Pino Andino properties. However, after compiling and evaluating data on the Santa Clara and Pino Andino properties during the first six months of 1997, Cominco terminated the Memorandum of Understanding with respect to Pino Andino in February 1997 and with respect to Santa Clara in July 1997. B. Pino Andino Project Summary 1. Pino Andino Project Location The Pino Andino Project property package is located 250 km northwest of the city of Neuquen, in Neuquen Province at latitude 38(0)02'00"S and longitude 70(0)29'00"W in an area that consists of gentle rolling hills; elevations range from 900 m to 2,300 m. 2. Pino Andino Project Geology The Pino Andino Project area is principally underlain by Jurassic sedimentary rocks that dip gently to the east into the Neuquen Basin. Cretaceous diorite and granodiorite intrudes the Jurassic sequence in the western property area. The stocks are part of an extensive north-south belt of intrusions. Late Tertiary to Quaternary tuffs occur in the extreme west. 3. Pino Andino Project Exploration A number of old trenches, test pits and minor open cuts are evidence of historical exploration of galena-bearing quartz veins. Similar evidence exists at numerous copper carbonate (malachite) occurrences scattered throughout the property. Following the acquisition of the property in 1994, MASA completed property-scale and detailed exploration work at Pino Andino, including a 10-hole reverse-circulation drill program in 1995 and ground geophysical surveys in 1996 which outlined a zone of gold mineralization and a potentially large zone of porphyry copper mineralization. In late 1995, a 10-hole, 1,005 m reverse-circulation drill program was completed at Pino Andino. Eight of 10 holes returned significant intercepts of copper and/or gold mineralization.. In 1996, with Cominco as operator of the joint venture, an exploration program including geophysical surveys and reverse-circulation drilling was completed. Also in 1996, Cominco completed a campaign of reverse-circulation drilling (10 holes totaling 2,000 m). Cominco concluded that within the drill zone there is little possibility of encountering an open pittable economic reserve. Work by Cominco did not include additional exploration of the gold mineralization encountered in the 1995 drilling campaign Cominco terminated the Memorandum of Understanding with respect to Pino Andino in February 1997. In April of 1997 the Corporation completed a nine hole reverse-circulation drilling program to test gold targets left untested by the Cominco drilling. This drilling failed to delineate gold or copper mineralization in economic quantities. 15 4. Pino Andino Project Ownership In December 1997, due to prevailing conditions in the junior mining equity markets and low precious metal prices, the Pino Andino Project was abandoned and all contracts with underlying landowners were terminated, resulting in a write-off of deferred expenditures of $1,083,862. C. San Juan Project Summary 1. San Juan Project Location The San Juan Province Project comprises seven properties totaling 43,070 ha in southwestern San Juan Province. Elevation ranges from 2,500 m to 5,500 m and moderate to high relief. 2. San Juan Area Project Geology The project area extends from the western margin of the Cordillera Frontal to the Cordillera Principal. The area is principally underlain by Permo-Triassic Choiyo Group volcanic rocks, a multi-phase igneous sequence comprising volcanic breccias, ignimbrites, tuffs and rhyolites, intruded by granites and overlain by extrusive acidic volcanic rocks. Jurassic continental, marine and volcanic derived sedimentary rocks unconformably overly Permo-Triassic rocks. The youngest rocks in the project area comprise Tertiary volcanic and intrusive rocks, which are common hosts of epithermal gold mineralization as evidenced by deposits in the Chilean Andes. 3. San Juan Project Exploration No formal records of previous exploration in the project area exist. Evidence of prospecting (small trenches or pits) exists on some of the cateos. The area is currently active with predevelopment at the El Pachon copper deposit and advanced exploration at the Araya (Cu), Los Piuquenes (Cu), Cenicero (Au) and La Poposa (Au) projects. The San Juan Province Project is a regional reconnaissance program, focussed on epithermal gold and gold porphyry targets in the eastern cordillera. Work during 1997 was divided into two categories: a) Work on lands controlled by the Corporation; and, b) Generative work on lands being considered for acquisition. a. The Corporation Lands All of the lands in the project were acquired based on the results of satellite image analysis. Preliminary field examination, including rock chip sampling and property-wide stream sediment sampling, has been completed on all properties Detailed work at Los Chonchones included reconnaissance scale geologic mapping and geochemical surveys. Results returned a number of anomalous gold and/or copper values in all sample types, scattered throughout the colour anomalies and concentrating in the center of the southwest anomaly. Several major mining companies are looking at Los Chonchones for a possible joint venture. b. Generative Program Due to the intense competitor activity in western San Juan Province generative work is concentrated on evaluating available third-party properties. A large number of property submittals are under review by the Corporation. Through December 31, 1997, the Corporation expended $367,431 on the San Juan Project (net of write-offs for properties abandoned). 16 4. San Juan Area Project Ownership The seven applications for cateos total 43,070 ha. At present, these lands are not subject to a royalty, however, the government of San Juan has not waived its rights to retain up to a 3% "mouth of mine" royalty from production. Property canon fees for all properties are $34,240. D. Agua Blanca Project Summary 1. Agua Blanca Project Location The Agua Blanca Project is located approximately 220 km northwest of the city of San Juan in San Juan Province, at latitude 30(degree)08'00"S, longitude 69(degree)45'00"W . The property (totaling 39,426 ha) lies in the southeastern extension of the El Indio Gold Belt which hosts the El Indio, Tambo and Pascua (Nevada) epithermal Au-Ag deposits. Agua Blanca is accessed by paved Provincial Route 436 to the town of Las Flores, 180 km northwest of San Juan, and from there by 25 km of gravel road to the base of the Quebrada Mondaca. A rough, four wheel drive road continues 25 km up the quebrada to reach the center of the property. The city of San Juan offers the most complete range of services and camp supplies. Elevations on the property range from 3,300 m to 5,300 m, with moderate relief that permits foot access to most areas of the property. Water is plentiful and the climate consistent with semi-arid to arid Andean locations, hot dry days and cool nights for much of the year. Winter months are snowy with sub-zero temperatures. 2. Agua Blanca Project Geology The eastern portion of the property is underlain by Carboniferous age Agua Blanca Formation sedimentary rocks and Permo-Triassic Colanguil Batholith granitoids. To the west, volcanic rocks of probable Tertiary age predominate. The sequence of volcanic rocks ranges in composition from andesite to rhyolite and includes flows, tuffs and, possibly, volcaniclastic rocks. The stratigraphy strikes northerly and dips gently to the east. A number of diorite plugs intrude the volcanic package. Exploration to date has focussed on the Tertiary sequence in two main areas, Quebrada Mondaca and Arroyo del Agua Blanca, where numerous zones of intense hydrothermal alteration occur that are also visible on satellite images of the area. Argillic (kaolinite) and sericitic alteration predominates in volcanic rocks; intense potassic alteration occurs in diorite. Silicification occurs locally in all rock types and magnetite veining to magnetite breccias occur extensively throughout the dioritic unit. Weak, propylitic alteration is widespread on the property. Disseminated pyrite mineralization occurs variably throughout the zones of alteration. Minor chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite mineralization occur locally, associated with potassic alteration and silicification respectively. 3. Agua Blanca Project Exploration Between 1985 and 1994, a number of limited prospecting and sampling excursions were conducted in the Agua Blanca property area by the Asociacion Cooperadora Instituto de Investigaciones Mineras ("ACIIM") in conjunction with the property owner, Adonis Cantoni. Their work succeeded in outlining zones of intense hydrothermal alteration with anomalous values of gold and silver. Since 1994, MASA has completed three exploration programs at Agua Blanca to explore the Quebrada Mondaca and Arroyo del Agua Blanca areas. In 1995, MASA constructed a 25 km road to access the property from the head of Quebrada Mondaca drainage. Exploration efforts have included property-scale geologic mapping, prospecting and detailed sampling. Results indicated the presence of a gold or copper- gold porphyry system in the area of the Quebrada Mondaca. A total of 532 rock chip, talus and stream sediment samples have been collected on the property. 17 The Corporation signed an agreement with Newcrest Resources, Inc. creating a joint venture on the property in April 1996. During 1996 Newcrest, as operator of the joint venture, completed a work program consisting of geologic mapping and rock chip sampling at Quebrada Mondaca. Some 330 rock chip samples and 144 trench samples were collected. Geologic and alteration mapping was done over 24 sq km. Geophysical surveys (IP, resistivity and ground magnetics) indicated areas with magnetic signatures indicative potassic alteration and quartz-magnetite stock work zones, while chargeability anomalies flank the magnetic anomalies, and appear to correspond in part to outcropping phyllic (quartz-sericite-pyrite) alteration, and in part to propylitic assemblages which also contain some disseminated pyrite. In March 1997 Newcrest completed a 12-hole, 2,819-meter RC drilling program, which showed the area to be widely mineralized in both gold and copper. Gold mineralization is present in both potassically altered rock, and, at higher concentrations, in zones of phyllic alteration. The grade tends to improve with depth. Potassic alteration, including zones of quartz-magnetite stockwork, and phyllic alteration, are mapped as scattered occurrences over an area in excess of ten square km, and extend from the site of the current drilling in Quebrada Mondaca into the adjacent Quebrada Agua Blanca drainage. Additional drilling, particularly to target the phyllic alteration zones, appears to be warranted. As of December 31, 1997, the Corporation had spent $680,717 on Agua Blanca. Newcrest paid all expenditures on the project between April 1996 and March 1997, and incurred expenses of approximately $429,000 during that time. 4. Agua Blanca Project Ownership The Agua Blanca property package (39,426 ha) is currently held by MASA under two agreements: a) A four-year option-to-purchase with Adonis Cantoni dated June 21, 1995. This option-to-purchase calls for option payments totaling $920,000 and a final buy out of $1,080,000 to earn 100% interest in the property claims. The property is subject to a net smelter royalty equal to the difference between 4.5% and the amount charged by the province, with a maximum of 3% to the owner. This agreement was renegotiated in December of 1997 resulting in extension of the option period to March 2001. Option payments for 1998 amount to $150,000. b) A three-year option-to-purchase with Juan Lirio dated October 2, 1997. This agreement calls for payments of $225,000 over three years and a final purchase payment of $575,000. Under the agreement signed in April 1996, Newcrest was given the option to earn a 51% interest in the joint venture by making exploration expenditures of $3,800,000 over four years, paying all associated land and option payments, and making cash payments totaling $350,000 during the first year. After conducting the drilling program during 1996, Newcrest elected to return the property to the Corporation in March 1997. The Corporation is now responding to expressions of interest from other mining companies who wish to participate in exploration of the property. Management believes that the results on the property to date justify further exploration expenditures. E. Mendoza Project Summary 1. Mendoza Project Location The Mendoza Project consists of five properties totaling 32,080 ha and a generative program targeting the 18 western or Andean part of Mendoza Province. Most of the properties are only workable on a seasonal basis as they are located at elevations greater than 3,000 m in generally rugged terrain with limited water and minimal vegetation. 2. Mendoza Project Geology The Mendoza Project is focussed on those areas of Cordilleran Mendoza that are underlain by a generally north-trending fold and thrust belt of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. These rocks host the numerous known skarn occurrences in western Mendoza and are permissive for sediment-hosted epithermal gold deposits. The Mesozoic sediments overlie a basement of Paleozoic metasedimentary and igneous rocks, and are intruded by Tertiary stocks, dykes, and sills. The sediments are locally overlain by Tertiary volcanics that constitute possible hosts for epithermal gold. 3. Mendoza Project Exploration The cordilleran part of Mendoza Province was explored in the late 1960s and early 1970s under the Plan Cordillerano of the United Nations and the Argentine government. That program identified skarn copper and iron occurrences as well as several significant copper and/or molybdenum resources and prospects. Work to date has consisted of evaluation of lands held by MASA and generative exploration efforts. a. MASA Properties Cateos held or controlled by MASA were selected on the basis of satellite image anomalies, compilation of available geologic information, and/or the presence of known alteration or mineralization. At the Palau Mahuida property sampling identified an anomalous Au-As + Zn-Ag-Sb metal association with up to 230 ppb Au. A colour anomaly near the Chilean border is to be evaluated on the Paso Pehuenche property. Work in late 1996 identified a large altered area and led to staking the Diamante cateo. b. Generative Work Generative work will continue in conjunction with evaluation of property submittals. Periodic review of the land status in Cordilleran Mendoza will enable identification of additional opportunities. Through December 31, 1997, the Corporation has expended a total of $343,788 on Mendoza (net of write-offs for properties abandoned). 4. Mendoza Project Ownership The Mendoza Project area properties are held as five applications for cateos comprising 32,080 ha owned by MASA. Land holding costs for 1998 are estimated at $25,160. F. Santa Cruz Project Summary 1. Santa Cruz Project Location MASA's properties are located in the Andean Cordillera, near the Chilean-Argentine border and in the Deseado massif of north central Santa Cruz. The Rio Late property (10,000 ha) is located 140 km southwest of Perito Moreno in northwestern Santa Cruz and the contiguous El Pluma/Cerro Saavedra properties (29,400 ha) are located 50 km east of Perito Moreno. Access to the properties ranges from road access to El Pluma and Cerro Saavedra to mule or helicopter access at Rio Late. 19 2. Santa Cruz Project Geology The Rio Late cateo is underlain by quartz-mica schists of the Paleozoic Rio Lacteo Formation, silicic pyroclastic rocks of the Jurassic El Quemado formation, and granodiorite of the Creteceous-Tertiary San Lorenzo complex (Granodiorita Penitentes). The El Pluma and Cerro Saavedra cateos are underlain by andesitic to rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks of the Jurassic Bahia Laura Group. The Bahia Laura Group rocks host the Cerro Vanguardia epithermal gold deposit and are the target of MASA's generative program in Santa Cruz Province. 3. Santa Cruz Project Exploration Santa Cruz is one of Argentina's lesser-explored provinces. The area was under the Argentine government-United Nations' regional exploration Plan Patagonia-Comahue in the 1970s. In the 1980s FOMICRUZ, S.E., a state owned company, completed reconnaissance surveys in the province to delineate areas of interest for mineral reserves. The recent discovery of the Cerro Vanguardia epithermal gold deposit in eastern Santa Cruz and the commencement of production at the Fachinal epithermal gold deposit located immediately over the border in Chile, has attracted a great deal of exploration activity to the region. Reconnaissance exploration has been completed at Rio Late. Since MASA's discovery of the El Pluma/Cerro Saavedra area in March of 1997 the Corporation has completed reconnaissance and detailed geologic mapping, stream sediment sampling, soil sampling and rock chip sampling. Additionally, ground magnetic and CSAMT geophysical resistivity surveys have been completed. A 2000 m program of reverse- circulation drilling commenced in January of 1998. The Corporation has expended approximately $239,753 through December 31, 1997, on the Santa Cruz Project and $335,704 on the El Pluma/Cerro Saavedra properties. 4. Santa Cruz Project Ownership The Santa Cruz Project area is made up of eight applications for cateos totaling 39,400 ha. Seven of these cover the El Pluma/Cerro Saavedra properties. The cateos are located in the western half of the province of Santa Cruz. All of the cateos are presently controlled 100% by MASA subject to the Degerstrom Agreement and may be subject to a provincial royalty. Holding costs for 1998 are $8,000. G. Chubut Project Property Summary 1. Chubut Project Location Minera Andes currently holds five applications for cateo on properties in the Precordilleran region of Chubut. These properties are located at moderate elevations (500 to 1500 m above sea level) in western Chubut Province in a belt 60 km north and 100 km south of the city of Esquel. Access to the properties is by dirt road and trail. 2. Chubut Project Geology Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanic terranes have been the focus of exploration in the southern Chilean Cordillera over the past decade. These rocks are potential hosts of epithermal gold and gold rich replacement deposits attested to by the discoveries, in Chile, at Fachinal (epithermal Au-Ag) and El Toque (base metal, strata bound replacement deposit with a minor precious metal credit). In Argentina, rocks of the same age and type occur in both Andean and extra-Andean Patagonia which are relatively unexplored. 20 3. Chubut Project Exploration Chubut was included in the United Nations and Argentina government's Plan Patagonia-Comahue exploration program in the 1960s and 1970s. This campaign delineated several prospects with weak to moderate base metal anomalies. The samples were not analyzed for their precious metal content. In 1997 Minera completed reconnaissance surface sampling and mapping on five properties in the western Chubut Province, Argentina. This work indicates the potential for mineralized epithermal and porphyry or intrusive-related systems. At the El Valle property the initial exploration located a north-northeast trending zone of illitic alteration and mineralization about 1.5 km wide and three km long. Numerous northwest and northeast trending veins, some up to five meters wide and more than 500 m long, have also been located in tuffaceous rocks within the zone of alteration. The zone is open to the west and south under Quaternary alluvium in valleys, and open-ended to the north and east under Quaternary alluvium and post-mineral Tertiary basalt. Results from the 40-sample reconnaissance program on this property show gold values ranging from below detection limit to 7.9 g/t. Several high values, above 3 g/t gold, are from outcrops and float from multi-stage epithermal quartz veins. Some of the samples with low gold values show strongly anomalous pathfinder elements such as mercury (in the low 2,000 to 13,000 ppb range) that may indicate higher levels in the gold system. The Corporation has expended $127,256 through December 31, 1997, on the Chubut Project. 4. Chubut Project Ownership The Corporation currently controls five applications (totaling 29,520 ha) for cateos in Chubut Province. H. La Horqueta Project Summary 1. La Horqueta Project Location The La Horqueta Project is located in central Mendoza Province, approximately 200 km south of the city of Mendoza, at latitude 34(degree)36'00"S and longitude 68(degree)55'00"W. Access is provided to the project by paved road from Mendoza to the city of San Rafael, and then by approximately 85 km of paved and gravel roads. Elevations range from 1,150 m to 1,600 m. 2. La Horqueta Project Geology The project area is underlain by a Precambrian and Paleozoic sequence of marine sediments and Carboniferous sedimentary and volcanic rocks and pyroclastics in the San Rafael Block. The property straddles the contact between Precambrian La Horqueta Formation metasediments (phyllites and schists) and Carboniferous Lower Imperial Group sediments (feldspathic sandstones, argillites and quartzites). A dacitic, quartz-feldspar phyric porphyry stock is exposed in the central property area and has been assigned a Tertiary age, although the stock may be as old as Permian. A westerly trending zone of intense argillic and(quartz) sericite-pyrite alteration and mineralization approximately 400 m x 1,500 m in area occurs in the porphyry in the central property area. Disseminated pyrite mineralization occurs in variable amounts throughout the zone. Anomalous gold mineralization trends westerly along N70(degree)E and N70(degree)W structures and occurs in zones of intense fracturing associated with phyllic alteration and quartz-pyrite veins and stock works. 21 3. La Horqueta Project Exploration A number of very small adits and trench-like excavations are present on the La Horqueta cateo which attest to the historical exploitation of narrow fluorite veins. In 1995, the Corporation completed mapping and sampling programs to evaluate the La Horqueta cateo property-wide and a detailed program that focussed on the central area. In July 1996, a campaign of detailed structural mapping, induced polarization and ground magnetic geophysical surveys and mechanical trenching was completed over 45 line km of grid in the central area and dipole-dipole induced polarization was conducted in areas of gradient array anomalies. Three km of road access and 1.2 km of trenching were completed in the central basin area between geophysical anomalies. In late 1996, a 17-hole reverse-circulation reconnaissance drilling program totaling 2,260 m tested portions of the 1500 x 400 meter altered zone with coincident geophysical and geochemical anomalies. 4. La Horqueta Project Ownership Following the equivocal results from the Corporation's drilling and difficulty of attracting a joint venture partner to continue exploration work, the La Horqueta properties were abandoned in December 1997, and mineral properties and deferred exploration costs of $1,116,156 were written-off. I. Arroyo Nuevo Project Summary 1. Arroyo Nuevo Project Location The Arroyo Nuevo Project is located 35 km west of the town of Chos Malal, in northwest Neuquen Province at latitude 37(degree)17'00"S, longitude 70(degree)40'00"W. Good road access is provided to the property area by a combination of paved highway and gravel road. Local topography is of moderate relief with elevation ranges from 900 m to 2,100 m. 2. Arroyo Nuevo Project Geology The area is underlain by a sequence of gently dipping Jurassic volcano-sedimentary rocks intruded by small stocks of Cretaceous-Tertiary porphyritic dacite. Tertiary andesite and basalt flows cap the sequence. Jurassic rocks include tuffaceous sandstone, pyroclastic tuff breccias, quartzite, shale and carbonate rocks. Steeply dipping, northeast trending faults and structures predominate in the property area. In the area around the barite mine, flat lying barite veins to 5 m in thickness occur along bedding-parallel faults within a large zone of weakly silicified and pyritized sedimentary rocks. Carbonate rocks are locally jasperoidal. 3. Arroyo Nuevo Project Exploration At the turn of the century, placer gold mining operations were working drainages in the project area and numerous small trenches and old workings attest to the historical exploitation of narrow, polymetallic veins. At Arroyo Nuevo, a small barite mine has been in operation since the 1970s. Between 1993 and 1995, Placer Dome completed an exploration program over a large area of reserve land leased from CORMINE S.E.P. that included the Arroyo Nuevo Project area. In 1994, MASA investigated the Arroyo Nuevo project area in a regional reconnaissance program. The program focussed on the barite mine area and included 1:1250 scale mapping, rock chip sampling and soil sampling over a zone of jasperoid in carbonate rocks over 1,000 m along strike, with a strong multi-element (Au, Ag, Zn, As) soil anomaly. Several jasperoid rock samples returned significant gold assays, including values of up to 3.0 g/t and 9.0 g/t Au. A sample collected from Agua Mallin drainage returned a gold value of 291.4 g/t. 22 Detailed exploration in 1997 consisted of geologic mapping and stream sediment sampling over 37 square km. The geochemical soil surveys, induced polarization and ground magnetic geophysical surveys covered about nine square km, and revealed anomalies in gold and mercury in both soils and rocks and areas of silicification in Mesozoic sediments intruded by younger igneous rocks. Also in 1997 the Corporation drilled 26 reverse-circulation holes totaling 1,220 m. Minor amounts of gold mineralization were encountered (up to 3.5 g/t over five feet), with similar intercepts ranging up to eight percent lead and one percent zinc. The Arroyo Nuevo property will likely be offered for joint venture. 4. Arroyo Nuevo Project Ownership The Arroyo Nuevo Project comprised a total of 4,958 ha under two titles; Cura Mallin, a provincial mineral reserve leased from CORMINE S.E.P.(Corporacion Minera del Neuquen, Sociedad del Estado Provincial) and 13 minas held under a option-to-purchase agreement with Sapag Hermanos S.A. of the city of Zapala. Details pertinent to the project properties are outlined below. Neuquen Province has waived its right to a net smelter return royalty. a. Provincial Mining Reserve The Cura Mallin reserve area comprises 4,700 ha, acquired in 1997 under an exploration contract, with a mining option, from CORMINE S.E.P. The contract required MASA to make monthly exploration payments of $0.40 per hectare, cash payments of $205,000 and a total of $1,075,000 in work expenditures over four years. A 2% net smelter return royalty is payable to CORMINE upon production. Cash payments to CORMINE are considered advance royalty payments. b. Sapag Option On September 30, 1996, MASA entered an option-to-purchase agreement with Sapag Hnos S.A. on 13 minas that comprise 258 ha within the Cura Mallin Reserve Area. MASA could earn 100% interest in the minas by making quarterly payments totaling $350,000 over four years with a final purchase price of $2,000,000. The agreement is subject to a 2% net smelter return royalty. c. Abandonment Following a review of late 1997 exploration results, the Corporation elected to abandoned its interest in the Arroyo Nuevo project and to return the property, resulting in a write-off of deferred expenditures of $558,674. J. Los Bueyes Project Summary 1. Los Bueyes Project Location The Los Bueyes Project is located 250 km northwest of the city of Neuquen in Norquin department at 70(degree)24'W and 37(degree)43'S. Elevations range from 1,300 to 2,248 m above sea level. 2. Los Bueyes Project Geology The Los Bueyes Project area is underlain by a thick section of Mesozoic sediments intruded by Tertiary porphyritic sill and dykes. Hydrothermal alteration/mineralization occurs over a 2.5 square kilometer zone of highly fractured, pyritized, silicified, and argillized feldspathic sandstones. Barite veins also occur in the region. Jasperoid bodies within altered sandstone are some of the most strongly mineralized samples (Au up to 65 ppb, Cu up to 0.15%, Zn up to 1,200 ppm, and As up to 9,000 ppm). Stream sediment sampling on a portion of the 23 property have anomalous concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, and Sb. The main focus on this project is an unexposed porphyry copper target. 3. Los Bueyes Project Previous Exploration Numerous small pits indicate minor historic prospecting at Los Bueyes. Stream sediment, soil and rock chip geochemical sampling and geologic mapping have been completed by MASA at Los Bueyes. Numerous stream sediment samples from drainages at Los Bueyes are anomalous in gold (up to 1,036 ppb) and soil samples range up to 145 ppb gold. Results of the soil surveys show a 200 m by 200 m zone anomalous in copper at the 100 ppm level with values up to 14,240 ppm copper. 4. Los Bueyes Project Ownership The Los Bueyes Project consists of two manifestations of discovery (2,000 ha). Maintenance costs are currently $160 per year. K. Northwest Argentina Project Summary 1. Northwest Argentina Project Location The Northwest Argentina Project includes the provinces of La Rioja, Catamarca, Salta, Jujuy and Tucuman. Located in northwestern Argentina these provinces cover a variety of physiographic and geologic terrains ranging from the high desert of the Puna region of Jujuy and Salta to the principal cordillera of La Rioja. The region has a moderately good road access in the east and a poorly developed network of roads in the more mountainous west. 2. Northwest Argentina Project Geology The westernmost geologic terrane, extending from northeastern Salta to western La Rioja consists of the Andean Cordillera (up to 100 km wide). This mountain range, formed by magmatism and uplift along a convergent plate margin since Jurassic time, is product of subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American continent. Igneous rocks of Permian to Triassic age form the basement of this mountain chain. Average elevation of the Andean Cordillera is 4,600 m. To the east of the Andean Cordillera is the Puna, the southern continuation of the Bolivian Altiplano. The Puna is a coherent basement block studded with active volcanoes. The plateau (average 4,000 m in elevation) is dissected by young faults that form numerous closed basins and low mountain ranges with 300 to 400 m relief. The Pre Cordillera flanks the Puna to the east and is a belt about 250 km wide that is similar to the Basin and Range extensional regime in the western United States. Extension-related Cenozoic volcanism is manifested as numerous calc-alkaline to alkaline volcanic centers. To the east of the Pre Cordillera in Tucuman are the Pampean and Transpampean ranges. These ranges are almost entirely composed of Precambrian and Paleozoic granitic and metamorphic rocks, sparsely covered by Paleozoic and Triassic continental sedimentary rocks. 3. Northwest Argentina Project Exploration Long a target for exploration, the region has received renewed interest in recent years with the development of the Bajo de la Alumbrera copper-gold deposit and the delineation of a significant copper-gold-molybdenum resource at Agua Rica in Catamarca Province, and the discovery of new porphyry copper targets at Taca Taca and Cerro Samenta in Salta Province. Additionally, the frontier region of Catamarca and La Rioja Provinces shares a similar geologic and metallogenic environment with Chile's Maricunga gold belt which hosts over 10 million ounces of gold. 25 The Corporation has initiated exploration in this region consisting of generative reconnaissance exploration, satellite image analysis and evaluation of airborne geophysical data and property submittals. Additional exploration is contingent upon the recognition and availability for acquisition and subsequent exploration of lands demonstrating reasonable indications of potentially economic quantities and concentrations of gold and/or copper. 4. Northwest Argentina Project Ownership The Corporation neither currently owns nor controls land in the project area. L. Arroyo Verde Project 1. Arroyo Verde Project Location Arroyo Verde, located in northeast Chubut Province 70 km north northeast of the coastal town of Puerto Madryn is easily accessed by road at about 400 to 500 m above sea level. 2. Arroyo Verde Project Geology The project area is underlain by Jurassic rhyolitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Marifil Formation on the Northen Patagonian Massif. These volcanic flows, flow breccias and pyroclastic rocks appear to be associated with a rhyolite dome structure. Gold mineralization is hosted by silicified quartz porphyries and controlled by high angle east-west striking faults and, to a lesser extent, by subsidiary northeast striking structures. About 85 percent of the property is covered by colluvium of variable thickness which mask undiscovered mineralization. 3. Arroyo Verde Project Exploration At Arroyo Verde, a grassroots discovery by Pegasus in 1994, an inferred resource of 2 million tonnes has been identified based on 25 shallow, reverse-circulation holes totaling 2,500 m drilled in 1996. Within the core mineralized area, gold grade ranges between 3-8 g/t, and silver ranges between 10-80 g/t. The holes were drilled in a 700 meter by 700 meter area with mineralization open at depth. In the area tested, the gold and silver mineralization occurs in hydrothermal breccias, sheeted veins and stockwork zones. In November of 1997, Minera Andes initiated a program of surface sampling and mapping, as well as geophysical work in areas adjacent to the earlier Pegasus work. A reconnaissance drilling program is planned for 1998. 4. Arroyo Verde Project Ownership In October 1997, the Corporation and Pegasus Gold International, Inc. signed a definitive joint venture agreement on the Arroyo Verde Project. Under terms of the agreement, Minera Andes, as the operator, is earning an 80 percent interest in this epithermal gold/silver property by spending US$1.3 million over four years, including US$200,000 in field evaluations in the first year. The property package comprises 13,660 ha consisting of two cateo applications and two manifestations of discovery. Land holding costs for 1998 are estimated at $10,000. M. Rio Negro Project Summary 1. Rio Negro Project Location 25 A province-wide reconnaissance program encompasses both the Northern Patagonian Massif and Cordilleran Region. The Cordilleran Region encompasses the Andean mountain chain and its eastern foothills and runs from approximately the city of Bariloche in Rio Negro Province southward to the border with Chubut. The western-most portion of this mountainous area shared with Chile consists of a rugged high relief terrain (200-2,500 m) and the pre-cordilleran area consists of a basin and range type topography. Access to most of the region is excellent, with the exception of the area immediately adjacent to the Chilean border, which is largely roadless and heavily vegetated. The North Patagonia Massif encompasses a major portion of the southern half of Rio Negro Province, east of the Cordillera and is characterized by a relatively high base level (900 m) above which rise isolated subdued mountain ranges. Vehicular access is generally good. 2. Rio Negro Project Geology Three distinct, mostly Mesozoic, volcanic terranes are the target of nearly all gold exploration in the region. These are 1) The Lonco Trapial Formation and equivalents of southernmost central Rio Negro, 2) The Marifil Formation of eastern Rio Negro, and 3) The Los Menucos Formation of south-central Rio Negro. The Lonco Trapial Formation is comprised of Jurassic-age intermediate to mafic-pyroclastic rocks with some intercalated sedimentary rocks. Gold is hosted by epithermal quartz veins, stock works, and breccia fillings emplaced within regionally extensive fault zones. The Marifil Formation is also Jurassic in age, but is comprised almost exclusively of rhyolitic ignimbrite flows and subvolcanic intrusions. Gold is hosted in epithermal quartz veins and silicified zones rhyolite domes and caldera structures. The Los Menucos Formation is older than the above formations, with estimated ages being Permo-Triassic to Triassic-Jurassic. The formation is comprised of extrusive and intrusive silicic quartz porphyries. The geology of the cordillera of southern-most Rio Negro Provinces is complex. Rocks range in age from Precambrian to Quaternary and consist of an array of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary lithologies. The most important host to known gold mineralization is the predominately silicic pyroclastic rocks of the Jurassic Lago La Plata Formation. 3. Rio Negro Project Exploration Some of the areas have had small scale prospecting by individuals. At present, exploration in the province is being done by Pegasus Gold, Rio Tinto Zinc and others who have focused their attention on the area's epithermal gold potential. To date, work by the Corporation in the area has been restricted to air-photo interpretation and compilation of geologic data and field evaluation of cateos which were subsequently dropped due to negative results. A regional reconnaissance program will continue in Rio Negro Province. This program would include prospecting, regional mapping and stream sediment sampling. If targets are generated, a campaign of geologic studies, mechanical trenching and reverse-circulation drilling, will follow. Through December 31, 1997, the Corporation has spent $64,119 on the Rio Negro Project. 4. Rio Negro Project Ownership 26 The Corporation currently neither owns nor controls land in the province of Rio Negro. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS The Corporation is not currently aware of any material legal proceeding, actual, contemplated or threatened, to which the Corporation is party or of which any of its property interests is subject. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 1997. PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS The Corporation's Common Shares are traded on the Alberta Stock Exchange ("ASE") under the trading symbol MAI and, since November 5, 1997, the Common Shares have also been traded on the NASD over-the-counter market under the trading symbol MNEAF. The high and low prices for the Common Shares reported by the ASE for each of the quarters during the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 are set forth in the table below: High ($Cdn) Low($Cdn ) 1996 January - March 3.15 1.35 April - June 3.75 2.45 July - September 2.90 1.90 October - December 2.95 1.75 1997 January - March 3.40 2.06 April - June 3.30 2.00 July - September 2.55 1.36 October - December 1.95 1.10 The high and low prices for the Common Shares reported for the NASD over-the-counter market for the period from November 5, 1997 to December 31, 1997 are set forth in the table below: High ($US) Low ($US) November 5, 1997 - December 31, 1997 1.1875 0.76 As of December 31, 1997 there were approximately 191 holders of Common Shares of the Corporation. No dividends have ever been paid on the Common Shares of the Corporation, and the Corporation intends to retain its earnings for use in the business and does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. ITEM 6. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Corporation's audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 included elsewhere in this report. The Corporation's 27 financial condition and results of operations are not necessarily indicative of what may be expected in future years. Overview The principal business of the Corporation is the locating, acquiring, exploring, and, if warranted, developing mineral properties located in the Republic of Argentina. The Corporation carries out its business by acquiring, exploring, and evaluating mineral properties through its ongoing exploration program, and either joint-venturing or developing these properties further, or disposing of them if the properties do not meet the Corporation's requirements. The Corporation's current properties and projects consist of mineral rights and applications for mineral rights covering approximately 225,000 hectares in six Argentine provinces. The lands comprise option-to-purchase contracts, exploration, and mining agreements and direct interests through the Corporation's filings for exploration concessions. The Corporation's properties are all early stage exploration prospects. No proven or probable reserves have yet been identified. See "Description of Properties." The Corporation was incorporated in Alberta in July 1994. In November 1995, the Corporation effected an amalgamation with Scotia Prime Minerals, Incorporated, also an Alberta corporation, which at that time was an inactive corporation that previously had been a reporting issuer under Alberta law and its common shares traded on The Alberta Stock Exchange. The business combination between Minera Andes and Scotia Prime Minerals was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, whereby Minera Andes is identified as the acquiror. See "Note 2 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements." Plan of Operations The Corporation has budgeted and plans to spend approximately $1.9 million for mineral property and exploration activities on its properties in Argentina through 1998. See "Description of Properties." The Corporation believes that its existing funds and projected sources of funds will be sufficient to finance this planned exploration and the related operating activities for this future period. If the Corporation were to develop a property or a group of properties beyond the exploration stage, substantial additional financing would be necessary. Such financing would likely be in the form of equity, debt, or a combination of equity and debt. The Corporation has no current plan to seek such financing and there is no assurance that such financing, if necessary, would be available to the Corporation on favorable terms. Results of Operations 1997 Compared to 1996 The Corporation's net loss of $4.3 million in 1997, was $3.1 million more than the net loss of $1.2 million in 1996. This was a net loss of 24 cents per share in 1997 compared with 10 cents per share in 1996. The increase in net loss was primarily a result of the write-off of mineral properties and deferred exploration costs of $3.0 million in 1997, compared with a write-off of $0.5 million in 1996. General and administrative expenses increased from $0.75 million to $1.35 million mainly because of the increased activity of the Corporation during 1997. Legal and office overhead costs increased as a result of the registration of the Corporation's Common Stock under the Exchange Act, which allowed the Corporation to list its shares on the NASD over-the-counter market, and the increased investor relations activities. The Corporation also suffered a foreign exchange loss of $0.2 million resulting from the fall in value of the Canadian dollar, in which the Corporation had certain invested balances denominated. 28 At the end of 1997, the Corporation undertook a complete review of its exploration properties and elected to write-off a total of $3.0 million in deferred costs. The properties abandoned and returned to the underlying landowners included the Pino Andino property ($1.1 million), La Horqueta ($1.1 million) and Arroyo Nuevo ($0.6 million). While these properties had demonstrated some geological potential from exploration activities, they were abandoned because they did not meet the Corporation's continuing investment requirements. The Corporation's exploration program involves nearly continuous prospecting, acquisition, exploration, and evaluation for further exploration of property interests. If a property does not meet the Corporation's requirements, costs associated with abandonment of the property will result in a charge to operations. The Corporation expects to incur additional write-offs in future periods, although the amounts of such write-offs are difficult to predict as they will be determined by the results of future exploration activities. Mineral property and deferred exploration costs amounted to $2.7 million in 1997, up from $2.1 million in 1996. Geological expenses, assaying, and analytical costs and travel expenses increased partly as a result of the acquisition and early-stage exploration of additional property interests in the southern provinces of Chubut and Santa Cruz. Property and mineral rights also increased in 1997 ($0.5 million in 1997 compared with $0.1 million in 1996) with new properties and the increases in holding costs for properties the Corporation has held for several years. (Acquisition agreements usually provide for escalating payments over the term of an agreement.) After the write-offs of deferred expenditures described above, deferred expenditures for mineral properties and exploration decreased from $3.4 million in 1996 to $3.2 million in 1997. 1996 Compared to 1995 The Corporation had a net loss of $1.2 million in 1996 compared with a net loss of $1.5 million in 1995. The reduction in the loss for the year was a function of higher general and administrative expenditures, more than offset by a reduced write-off of deferred expenditures in connection with the abandonment of certain property interests. The write-off of mineral property and deferred exploration costs was $0.5 million in 1996, compared with $1.0 million in 1995. General and administrative expenses increased from $0.5 million to $0.75 million primarily because 1996 was the Corporation's first full year as a Canadian reporting company. Legal and travel expenses in 1996 reflected the financing activity undertaken during the year, which included two special warrant financings. Office overhead costs also increased as a result of the Corporation's leasing of additional office space in Mendoza, Argentina, printing and copying expenses and the costs of preparing shareholder reports and investor relations materials. Total mineral property costs and exploration costs were $2.1 million in 1996 and in 1995, but there were some significant differences within categories of expenditure in 1996 compared to 1995. In 1996 the Corporation reached a more advanced stage of work on several properties. As a result, the Corporation incurred greater expenses in 1996 than in 1995 for construction, trenching, and drilling, with the bulk of these expenses being incurred on the 100%-owned La Horqueta property. Proceeds were received from mineral property options which offset deferred acquisition and exploration costs. After the effect on operations of the write-offs described above and the offsetting impact of option payments, deferred expenditures related to mineral properties and exploration increased from $2.5 million in 1995 to $3.4 million in 1996. Liquidity and Capital Resources Due to the nature of the mining business, the acquisition, exploration, and development of mineral properties requires significant expenditures prior to the commencement of production. To date, the Corporation has financed its activities through the sale of equity securities and joint venture arrangements. The Corporation expects to use similar financing techniques in the future. 29 The Corporation's exploration and development activities and funding opportunities, as well as those of its joint venture partners, may be materially affected by precious and base metal price levels and changes in those levels. The market prices of precious and base metals are determined in world markets and are affected by numerous factors which are beyond the Corporation's control. At December 31, 1997 the Corporation had cash and cash equivalents of $4.0 million, compared to cash and cash equivalents of $6.7 million as of December 31, 1996. Working capital at December 31, 1997 was also $4.0 million. Net cash used in operating activities during 1997 was $1.4 million, compared with $0.7 million in 1996. This change reflects the increased general and administrative expenditures described above. Investing activities in 1997 used $2.9 million in cash, compared with $1.4 million in 1996. This increase results from the higher level of mineral property and exploration costs during 1997, while 1996 also benefitted from $0.7 million received in mineral property option proceeds. The principal financing activity during 1997 was the receipt of $1.8 million from the exercise of share purchase warrants. During 1996, the Corporation had completed two equity private placements, a private placement to Cominco Ltd. in conjunction with the property joint venture and the exercise of share purchase warrants. The Corporation's working capital also improved during 1996 as a result of the satisfaction of the debt owing to Degerstrom in connection with a private issuance of Common Shares to Degerstrom. See "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions." ITEM 7. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Page Auditor's Reports 32 Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 1997 and 1996 34 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Accumulated Deficit for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 and for the period July 1, 1994 (commencement) through December 31, 1997 35 Consolidated Statements of Mineral Properties and Deferred Exploration Costs for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 and for the period July 1, 1994 (commencement) through December 31, 1997 36 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Financial Position for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 and for the period July 1, 1994 (commencement) through December 31, 1997 37 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 38 30 COOPERS & LYBRAND L.L.P. AUDITOR'S REPORT To the Shareholders of Minera Andes Inc. We have audited the consolidated balance sheet of Minera Andes Inc., as at December 31, 1997 and the consolidated statements of operations and accumulated deficit, mineral properties and deferred explorations costs and changes in financial position for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. In our opinion, these consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Corporation as at December 31, 1997 and the results of its operations and the changes in its financial position for the year then ended in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Coopers & Lybrand Vancouver, B.C. Canada Chartered Accountants March 3, 1998 31 MACKAY & PARTNERS AUDITOR'S REPORT INSERT OHLHAUSER'S REPORT HERE 32
MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (U.S. Dollars) December 31, December 31, 1997 1996 ---------------------- ---------------------- ASSETS Current: Cash and cash equivalents $ 4,003,519 $ 6,660,633 Receivables and prepaid expenses 212,533 167,110 ---------------------- ---------------------- Total current assets 4,216,052 6,827,743 Mineral properties and deferred exploration costs (Note 5) 3,226,856 3,440,879 Capital assets, net (Note 6) 220,981 48,575 ---------------------- ---------------------- Total assets $ 7,663,889 $10,317,197 ====================== ====================== LIABILITIES Current: Accounts payable and accruals $ 79,168 $ 147,474 Due to related parties (Note 9) 118,273 80,355 ---------------------- ---------------------- Total current liabilities 197,441 227,829 ---------------------- ---------------------- Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Share capital (Note 7) Preferred shares, no par value, unlimited number authorized, none issued Common shares, no par value, unlimited number authorized Issued 1997--19,216,050 shares Issued 1996--14,499,336 shares 15,132,262 13,365,014 Accumulated deficit (7,665,814) (3,275,646) ---------------------- ---------------------- Total shareholders' equity 7,466,448 10,089,368 ---------------------- ---------------------- Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 7,663,889 $10,317,197 ====================== ====================== The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
33
MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND ACCUMULATED DEFICIT (U.S. Dollars) Period from Years Ended July 1, 1994 --------------------------------------------------- (commencement) December 31, December 31, through 1997 1996 December 31,1997 --------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- Administration fees $ 33,154 $ 27,205 $ 120,035 Audit and accounting 49,930 37,629 97,310 Consulting fees 167,540 143,120 440,360 Depreciation 3,144 0 3,144 Equipment rental 3,945 1,192 6,872 Foreign exchange (gain) loss 244,062 (62,736) 192,511 Insurance 18,576 0 18,576 Legal 133,830 74,564 243,416 Maintenance 165 0 165 Materials and supplies 8,090 13,559 43,277 Office overhead 487,266 249,535 765,332 Telephone 59,735 54,158 187,372 Transfer agent 16,365 11,046 49,155 Travel 96,862 91,696 194,399 Wages and benefits 215,339 184,250 501,806 Write-off of deferred expenditures 2,956,001 494,492 4,484,648 --------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- Total expenses 4,494,004 1,319,710 7,348,378 Interest income (187,107) (69,204) (260,911) --------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- Net loss 4,306,897 1,250,506 7,087,467 Accum. deficit, beginning of the period 3,275,646 1,798,026 0 Share issue costs 83,271 227,114 561,132 Deficiency on acquisition of subsidiary 0 0 17,215 --------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- Accumulated deficit, end of the period $7,665,814 $3,275,646 $7,665,814 ===================== ====================== ===================== Net loss per common share $ 0.24 $ 0.10 $ 0.62 ===================== ====================== ===================== Weighted average shares outstanding 17,724,935 12,722,871 11,483,718 ===================== ====================== ===================== The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
34
MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF MINERAL PROPERTIES AND DEFERRED EXPLORATION COSTS (U.S. Dollars) Period from Years Ended July 1, 1994 --------------------------------------------------- (commencement) December 31, December 31, through 1997 1996 December 31,1997 --------------------- ---------------------- --------------------- Administration fees $ 25,843 $ 61,760 $ 282,719 Assays and analytical 235,524 127,511 571,902 Construction and trenching 57,718 254,349 466,693 Consulting fees 121,553 70,175 592,360 Depreciation 44,503 14,784 59,287 Drilling 112,348 205,900 337,593 Equipment rental 46,325 63,242 215,000 Geology 821,870 606,239 1,984,005 Geophysics 109,825 75,536 186,627 Insurance 43,767 38,327 118,006 Legal 110,706 64,129 379,339 Maintenance 37,506 37,347 97,555 Materials and supplies 82,879 89,692 324,947 Project overhead 47,191 38,811 209,304 Property and mineral rights 452,036 111,763 1,018,452 Telephone 9,066 6,452 34,023 Travel 253,449 120,773 523,734 Wages and benefits 129,869 113,611 433,819 -------------------- ------------------- --------------------- Costs incurred during the period 2,741,978 2,100,401 7,835,365 Deferred costs, beginning of the period 3,440,879 2,534,970 0 Deferred costs, acquired 0 0 576,139 Deferred costs written off (2,956,001) (494,492) (4,484,648) Mineral property option proceeds 0 (700,000) (700,000) -------------------- ------------------- --------------------- Deferred costs, end of the period $ 3,226,856 $3,440,879 $3,226,856 ==================== =================== ===================== The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
35
MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN FINANCIAL POSITION (U.S. Dollars) Period from Years Ended July 1, 1994 ------------------------------------------------ (commencement) December 31, December 31, through 1997 1996 December 31,1997 --------------------- ---------------------- ------------------ Operating Activities Net loss for the period $( 4,306,897) $(1,250,506) $(7,087,467) Non-cash items: Write-off of incorporation costs 0 0 665 Write-off of deferred expenditures 2,956,001 494,492 4,484,648 Depreciation 3,144 0 3,144 ---------------------- ------------------- ----------------- (1,347,752) (754,184) (2,599,010) Net changes in non-cash working capital items (75,811) 30,401 (15,090) ---------------------- ------------------- ----------------- Cash used in operating activities (1,423,563) (723,783) (2,614,100) ---------------------- ------------------- ----------------- Investing Activities Incorporation costs 0 0 (665) Purchases of capital assets (220,053) (63,359) (283,412) Mineral properties and deferred exploration (2,741,978) (2,100,401) (7,835,365) exploratio costs Non-cash item: depreciation 44,503 14,784 59,287 Acquisition of subsidiaries 0 0 (593,354) Mineral property option proceeds 0 700,000 700,000 ---------------------- ------------------- ----------------- Cash used in investing activities (2,917,528) (1,448,976) (7,953,509) ---------------------- ------------------- ----------------- Financing Activities Shares issued for cash 1,767,248 4,939,161 9,683,387 Share subscription received 0 4,873,336 4,873,336 Shares issued for subsidiaries 0 0 575,537 Advances from related parties 0 (1,278,181) 0 Share issue costs (83,271) (227,114) (561,132) ---------------------- ------------------- ----------------- Cash provided by financing activities 1,683,977 8,307,202 14,571,128 ---------------------- ------------------- ----------------- Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (2,657,114) 6,132,613 4,003,519 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period 6,660,633 528,020 0 ---------------------- ------------------- ----------------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period $ 4,003,519 $ 6,660,633 $ 4,003,519 ====================== =================== ================= The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
36 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (U.S. Dollars) 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS The Corporation is in the business of acquiring, exploring and evaluating mineral properties, and either joint venturing or developing these properties further or disposing of them when the evaluation is completed. At December 31, 1997, the Corporation was in the exploration stage and had interests in 25 properties in six provinces in the Republic of Argentina. The recoverability of amounts shown as mineral properties and deferred exploration costs is dependent upon the existence of economically recoverable reserves, the ability of the Corporation to obtain necessary financing to complete their development, and future profitable production or disposition thereof. Although the Corporation has taken steps to verify title to mineral properties in which it has an interest, in accordance with industry standards for the current stage of exploration of such properties, these procedures do not guarantee the Corporation's title. Property title may be subject to unregistered prior agreements and non-compliance with regulatory requirements. 2. ORGANIZATION The Corporation, Minera Andes Inc., was incorporated in Alberta on July 19, 1994, although operations are considered to have commenced on July 1, 1994, the effective date of the acquisition of the Argentine properties (see Note 4a). On November 6, 1995, the amalgamation of Minera Andes Inc. with Scotia Prime Minerals, Incorporated (Scotia), a reporting issuer, pursuant to section 186 of the Business Corporations Act (Alberta), became effective. The business combination was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, Minera Andes Inc. has been identified as the acquiror and accordingly, the comparative figures are those of Minera Andes Inc. 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES These consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada. The statements are expressed in United States dollars because the majority of the Corporation's exploration activities are incurred in U.S. dollars. a) Consolidation/Reporting These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Minera Andes Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (see Note 4a), Minera Andes S.A. (MASA) and NAD S.A. (NADSA), both Argentine corporations. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements. b) Foreign Currency Translation The Corporation's consolidated operations are integrated and balances denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars are translated into U.S. dollars using the temporal method. This method translates monetary balances at the rate of exchange at the balance sheet date, non-monetary balances at historic exchange rates and revenues and expense items at average exchange rates. The resulting gains and losses are included in the statement of operations in the reporting period. 37 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) c) Cash Equivalents The Corporation considers cash equivalents to consist of highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less when purchased. d) Mineral Properties and Deferred Exploration Costs Mineral properties consist of exploration and mining concessions, options and contracts. Acquisition and leasehold costs and exploration costs are capitalized and deferred until such time as the property is put into production or the properties are disposed of either through sale or abandonment. If put into production, the costs of acquisition and exploration will be written off over the life of the property, based on estimated economic reserves. Proceeds received from the sale of any interest in a property will first be credited against the carrying value of the property, with any excess included in operations for the period. If a property is abandoned, the property and deferred exploration costs will be written off to operations. e) Capital Assets and Depreciation Capital assets are recorded at cost, and depreciation is provided on a declining balance basis over their estimated useful lives of up to five years at an annual rate of up to 40% to a residual value of 10%. f) Share Issue Costs Commissions paid to underwriters on the issuance of the Corporation's shares are charged directly to share capital. Other share issue costs, such as legal, accounting, auditing and printing costs, are charged to accumulated deficit. g) Loss per Share Net loss per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Due to the net losses incurred during each of the periods presented, common stock equivalents are anti-dilutive and have been excluded from the computation. h) Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenditures during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those reported. 4. ACQUISITION OF SUBSIDIARIES a) Pursuant to an agreement dated March 8, 1995, the Corporation acquired on March 15, 1995, 95% (19 of the 20 shares issued) of MASA and 91.66% (11 of the 12 shares issued) of NADSA in exchange for the issue of 4,000,000 shares, an additional bonus issue of shares payable if any of the properties reach bankable feasibility (which shall be 11% or 1,213,409 shares of the issued and outstanding common shares of the Corporation after the amalgamation--see Note 2), a royalty on all existing and future properties equal to the difference between 3%of net smelter returns and any underlying royalties subject to a maximum of 2% of net smelter returns, and reimbursement of all property costs incurred from July 1, 1994 through the closing date March 15, 1995. An additional $602 was paid in cash to certain minority shareholders of MASA and NADSA. Concurrent with the agreement, the Corporation also entered into option agreements, 38 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) having an initial term of four years each and renewable every four years to acquire the remaining shares of MASA and of NADSA for an exercise price of $100 per share. For accounting and reporting purposes, MASA and NADSA are considered to be wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Corporation. MASA and NADSA have no assets or liabilities other than mineral property rights which had been purchased or directly staked. The deemed value of the 4,000,000 shares issued was equal to the accumulated property acquisition costs and exploration expenditures acquired by MASA and NADSA effective July 1, 1994, which totaled $575,537. The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method with an effective date of July 1, 1994 through the closing date March 15, 1995. being the date from which the Corporation agreed to reimburse the property costs incurred. b) As disclosed in Note 2, the business combination of Minera Andes Inc. and Scotia, which was made effective November 6, 1995, has been accounted for using the purchase method whereby Minera Andes Inc. acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Scotia. The acquisition has been recorded as follows: Assets acquired $ 1,986 Less: liabilities assumed 19,201 --------- Net liabilities assumed (17,215) Asset deficiency allocated to accumulated deficit 17,215 --------- Purchase price $ 0 ========= Consideration given: 336,814 common shares $ 0 ========= As a result of the acquisition (amalgamation), Minera Andes Inc. became a reporting issuer. All fees paid with respect to the amalgamation (legal, audit, accounting, printing) were considered to be share issue costs. Scotia was an inactive company which from December 31, 1994 to the date of acquisition had only the following transactions: general and administrative expenses of $6,248, forgiveness of indebtedness owed of $13,391 and the issue of shares to settle debts of $20,000. 5. MINERAL PROPERTIES AND DEFERRED EXPLORATION COSTS At December 31, 1997, the Corporation, through its subsidiaries, held interests in a total of 225,736 hectares of mineral rights and mining lands in six Argentine provinces: San Juan, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Chubut and Santa Cruz. Under its present acquisition and exploration programs, the Corporation is continually acquiring additional mineral property interests and exploring and evaluating its properties. If, after evaluation, a property does not meet the Corporation's requirements, then the property and deferred exploration costs are written off to operations. All properties are subject to a royalty agreement as disclosed in Note 8b. Mineral property costs and deferred exploration costs are as follows: 39 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars)
Table 1 of 2 =========================================================================================== Exploration Deferred Acquisition and Deferred December Costs Overhead Write-Offs December Province Property 31, 1994 1995 1995 1995 31, 1995 =========================================================================================== San Juan Agua Blanca $ 0 $ 111,591 $ 393,464 $ 0 $ 505,055 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cateos 468,713 17,061 168,477 (402,932) 251,319 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mendoza Santa Clara 348,444 37,479 173,683 0 559,606 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ La Horqueta 0 20,732 194,595 0 215,327 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cateos 425,996 101,382 181,262 (631,223) 77,417 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Neuquen Pino Andino 227,427 48,514 428,276 0 704,217 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cateos 0 0 0 0 0 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Santa Cruz Cateos 0 1,349 69,185 0 70,534 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rio Negro Cateos 0 2,915 15,475 0 18,390 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chubut Cateos 2,487 13,560 117,058 0 133,105 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Northern Cateos 0 0 0 0 0 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL $1,473,067 $ 354,583 $1,741,475 $(1,034,155) $2,534,970 ===========================================================================================
Table 2 of 2 ========================================================================== Exploration Mineral Acquisition and Option Deferred Costs Overhead Write-Offs Proceeds December Province 1996 1996 1996 1996 31, 1996 ========================================================================== San Juan $ 4 $ 26,678 $ 0 $(100,000) $ 431,737 ------------------------------------------------------------- 25,015 123,420 (164,647) 0 235,107 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mendoza 1,201 280,702 0 (250,000) 591,509 ------------------------------------------------------------- 37,988 659,753 0 0 913,068 ------------------------------------------------------------- 7,207 166,156 (16,693) 0 234,087 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Neuquen 8,136 424,603 0 (350,000) 786,956 ------------------------------------------------------------- 20,000 58,080 0 0 78,080 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Santa Cruz 500 114,545 (97,012) 0 88,567 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rio Negro 4,414 42,726 (25,333) 0 40,197 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chubut 7,266 60,879 (190,807) 0 10,443 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Northern 32 31,096 0 0 31,128 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL $ 111,763 $ 1,988,638 $ (494,492) $(700,000) $3,440,879 ==========================================================================
a) Agua Blanca Project The Agua Blanca project is located approximately 220 km northwest of the city of San Juan in San Juan Province. Agua Blanca is currently held by the Corporation under a four year option-to-purchase agreement, dated June 21, 1995, which calls for option payments totaling $920,000 and a final buy-out payment of $1,080,000 to earn a 100% interest in the property claims. 40 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) The Corporation signed a letter agreement in 1996 with Newcrest Resources, Inc. with respect to a joint venture on the Agua Blanca property. Newcrest made a $100,000 cash payment to the Corporation upon formation of the joint venture. After conducting a drilling program during 1996, Newcrest elected to return the property to the Corporation in March 1997. b) Santa Clara and Pino Andino Projects The Santa Clara project is located in northwest Mendoza Province, approximately 63 km west of the city of Tupungato. The bulk of the property is held by the Corporation under an option-to-purchase agreement, whereby the Corporation can earn a 100% interest in the property by making option payments totaling $1,950,000 by October 1998. During 1995, the Corporation negotiated and received a four month extension of the option-to-purchase agreement to allow for resolution of the provincial park boundary dispute. Approximately 70% of the area of the optioned property lies within the disputed boundary of the park. The provincial mining authorities confirmed the validity of the mining rights at Santa Clara in January 1996, and in January 1997 a provincial law was passed excluding existing mineral properties from the provincial park. The Pino Andino project consisted of three contiguous properties approximately 250 km northwest of the city of Neuquen and 20 km east of the city of Loncopue in Neuquen Province. The individual properties included: a reserve area acquired under an exploration contract with a mining option from CORMINE S.E.P., a provincial corporation; a four-year option-to-purchase contract; and a cateo and manifestation of discovery owned by the Corporation. In March 1996, the Corporation signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Cominco Ltd. regarding a joint venture on the Santa Clara and Pino Andino properties. Under this agreement, Cominco could have earned a 51% interest in each of the properties by making cash payments and exploration expenditures of $5,000,000 at each property over four years, in addition to paying all associated option payments and land costs. Cominco made cash payments of $250,000 in the case of the Santa Clara property and $350,000 in the case of the Pino Andino property. The Memorandum of Understanding also included Cominco subscribing to a private placement of Cdn$3,000,003 in the Corporation. After exploration programs on both the Santa Clara and Pino Andino properties, Cominco terminated the Memorandum of Understanding with respect to Pino Andino in February 1997 and with respect to Santa Clara in July 1997. The Corporation evaluated the prospects for the Pino Andino property late in 1997, the property was abandoned and all underlying contracts with landowners were terminated, with a write-off to operations of $1,083,862. c) La Horqueta Project The La Horqueta project is located 200 km south of the city of Mendoza and 95 km from the city of San Rafael in central Mendoza Province. The property comprised cateos wholly-owned by the Corporation in addition to two separate four-year options to purchase. Following exploration programs in 1995 and 1996, including a drilling program, the Corporation notified the landowners in late 1997 that it was abandoning the property. The write-off to operations amounted to $1,116,156. 41 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) d) Arroyo Nuevo Project The Arroyo Nuevo project is located in northwest Neuquen Province, 35 km west of the town of Chos Malal. The property was held under two titles; Cura Mallin, a provincial mineral reserve leased from CORMINE S.E.P., and 13 minas held under an option-to-purchase agreement. The contract with CORMINE was terminated and the decision was made to abandon the property early in 1998, with a write-off to operations of $558,674. e) El Pluma/Cerro Saavedra Project The contiguous El Pluma and Cerro Savvedra properties are located in north central Santa Cruz Province, 50 km east of the town of Perito Moreno. The properties, made up of seven applications for cateos, were located during the Corporation's regional exploration program. f) Arroyo Verde Project The Arroyo Verde project is located in northeast Chubut Province, 70 km northeast of the coastal town of Puerto Madryn. In October 1997, the Corporation and Pegasus Gold International, Inc. entered into a joint venture agreement whereby the Corporation, as operator, is earning into an 80% interest by spending $1,300,000 over four years, including $200,000 in the first year. g) Write-Off of Mineral Property and Deferred Exploration Costs The Corporation has acquired exploration concessions, entered into option agreements and contracts, and carried out exploration on certain properties where it has determined that it would be unlikely that additional work would result in the discovery of economic ore reserves. Accordingly, any acquisition payments and the accumulated cost of exploration on those properties have been written off to operations. These write-offs totaled $2,956,001 in 1997 (including the amounts for Pino Andino, La Horqueta and Arroyo Nuevo as noted above) and $494,492 in 1996. 6. CAPITAL ASSETS
December 31, 1997 December 31, 1996 ------------------------------------ -------------------------------------- Accumulated Accumulated Cost Depreciation Net Cost Depreciation Net -------- ------------ -------- ------- ------------ --------- Vehicles $267,620 $59,287 $208,333 $63,359 $14,784 $48,575 Office Eqpmt. 15,791 3,143 12,648 0 0 0 -------- ------------ -------- ------- ------------ --------- $283,411 $62,430 $220,981 $63,359 $14,784 $48,575 ======== ============ ======== ======= ============ =======
7. SHARE CAPITAL a) Authorized The Corporation has authorized capital of an unlimited number of common shares, with no par value, and an unlimited number of preferred shares, with no par value. 42 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) b) Issued, Allotted and/or Subscribed:
Number of Shares Amount --------------- -------------- Common shares issued: Issued for cash on incorporation 1 $ 1 Allotted for acquisition of subsidiaries (Issued March 15, 1995-see Note 4) 4,000,000 575,537 Subscriptions received for private placement 0 57,069 --------------- -------------- Balance, December 31, 1994 4,000,001 632,607 Issued for cash (Cdn$0.10 each) 1,000,000 70,850 Issued for cash (Cdn$0.40 each) 2,345,094 669,058 Issued for cash (Cdn$1.00 each) 3,031,000 2,237,071 Issued for finder's fee 150,000 0 Issued for services 168,000 0 Issued for subsidiary (see Note 4) 336,814 0 Subscriptions applied 0 57,069 --------------- -------------- Balance, December 31, 1995 11,030,909 3,552,517 Issued for cash (Cdn$1.50 each) 1,433,333 1,535,553 Issued for broker special warrants 90,400 0 Issued for cash (Cdn$3.42 each) 877,194 2,174,388 Issued to N.A. Degerstrom, Inc. For cash (Cdn$1.44 each) 500,000 514,608 For cash on exercise of warrants (Cdn$1.75 each) 500,000 625,392 Issued for cash on exercise of warrants (Cdn$1.80 each) 67,500 89,220 Subscriptions received for private placement 0 4,873,336 --------------- ------------- Balance, December 31, 1996 14,499,336 13,365,014 Issued for cash on exercise of warrants (Cdn$1.80 each) 1,271,233 1,689,102 Issued for cash (private placement-Cdn$2.10 each) 3,370,481 4,873,336 Subscriptions applied 0 (4,873,336) Issued for cash on exercise of warrants (Cdn$1.44 each) 75,000 78,146 ------------ -------------- Balance, December 31, 1997 19,216,050 $15,132,262 ============ ==============
i) In February 1996, the Corporation concluded a private placement of 1,433,333 special warrants at a price of Cdn$1.50 per special warrant for total gross proceeds of Cdn$2,150,000 (US$1,565,265). Each special warrant comprised a unit consisting of one common share and one share purchase warrant. Each warrant entitled the holder to purchase one additional common share at any time up to February 1997 at a price of Cdn$1.80 per 43 share. The agents received 90,400 broker special warrants (each convertible into one common share and one share purchase warrant), cash commission of Cdn$25,650, Cdn$15,000 as a corporate finance fee, and a finder's fee of Cdn$16,500 was also paid. ii) In May 1996, the Corporation concluded the Cominco private placement (see Note 5b) with the issuance of 877,194 common shares and 877,194 Cominco warrants at a price of Cdn$3.42 for gross proceeds of Cdn$3,000,003 (US$2,174,388). Two Cominco warrants entitled Cominco to acquire one additional common share at any time on or before May 10, 1997 at a price of Cdn$3.98 per share. In May 1997, the Corporation extended the date for the exercise of the Cominco warrants until May 10, 1998. iii) Following regulatory and shareholder approval, in July 1996 the Corporation issued 500,000 units under the Degerstrom Subscription Agreement (see Note 9b) at a price of Cdn$1.44 per unit. Each unit was comprised of one common share and one share purchase warrant. Each warrant entitled the holder, N. A. Degerstrom, Inc. (NAD), to purchase one additional common share for Cdn$1.75 at any time until January 11, 1998. The warrants were also exercised in July 1996. iv) On December 13, 1996 and December 19, 1996, the Corporation raised gross proceeds of Cdn$7,078,010 (US$5,197,540) in aggregate by way of a private placement of special warrants at a price of Cdn$2.10 per unit. Each unit comprised one common share and one share purchase warrant. Two warrants will entitle the holder to purchase one additional common share at a price of Cdn$2.50 per share if exercised on or before December 13, 1997 or at a price of Cdn$2.88 if exercised before December 13, 1998. In connection with the private placement, the Corporation granted 140,420 broker special warrants for commission, 200,000 broker special warrants for a corporate finance fee (with each broker special warrant convertible into a broker share purchase warrant), and cash commissions totaling Cdn$441,501. The Corporation filed a prospectus to qualify the shares and warrants on the exercise of the special warrants and the warrants on exercise of the broker special warrants and received final approval of the prospectus on May 8, 1997. Upon the exercise of the special warrants the Corporation issued 3,370,481 common shares. In December 1997, the Corporation amended the terms of the share purchase warrants to allow the first exercise of warrants at a price of Cdn$1.60 on or before February 27, 1998. Other terms of the warrants remain unchanged. c) Stock Options As at December 31, 1997, there were options held by directors, officers and employees of the Corporation for the purchase of common shares as follows: 44 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars)
Number of Shares Exercise Price Expiry Date ---------------- -------------- ----------- 205,000 Cdn$1.44 January 10, 1998 550,000 Cdn$2.18 August 16, 1999 500,000 Cdn$2.00 February 17, 2000 120,000 Cdn$1.73 August 29, 2000 ---------- 1,375,000
d) Warrants As at December 31, 1997, the following warrants were outstanding:
Number of Warrants Exercise Price Expiry Date ----------------- -------------- ----------- 877,194 Cdn$3.98* May 10, 1998 3,710,901 Cdn$1.60* February 28, 1998 --------- 4,588,095 (or Cdn$2.88 expiring ========= December 13, 1998)
* Two warrants entitle the holder to acquire one common share at this price. e) Escrow As at December 31, 1997 there were 1,333,334 common shares held in escrow. These common shares will be released from escrow upon obtaining the consent of The Alberta Stock Exchange, at the earn-out rate of Cdn$0.375 per share of deferred expenditures as defined in the Escrow Agreement, with a maximum of one-third of the escrowed securities to be released in any one year. 8. AGREEMENTS, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES a) Mineral rights in Argentina are owned by the federal government and administered by the provinces. The provinces can levy a maximum 3% "mouth of mine" (gross proceeds) royalty. The provinces of Mendoza and Neuquen have waived their right to a royalty. The provinces of Rio Negro, San Juan, Santa Clara and Chubut have not yet established a policy regarding the royalty. b) While the operating agreement between the Corporation and NAD is in effect (see Note 9a), a net smelter royalty on all existing and future properties is payable to NAD equal to the difference between 3% and any underlying royalties, subject to a maximum of 2% payable to NAD. The Corporation may purchase up to one half of the royalty upon payment of $1,500,000 per percent purchased. c) Under the terms of the acquisition agreement disclosed in Note 4a, the Corporation may be obligated to issue additional common shares as consideration for the acquisition of its subsidiaries. The number of shares to be issued to NAD upon a property reaching bankable feasibility shall be 1,213,409 common shares of the Corporation. 45 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) 9. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS a) Concurrent with the acquisition of the Corporation's wholly-owned subsidiaries as disclosed in Note 4a, the Corporation also entered into an operating agreement effective March 15, 1995 with the vendor, NAD. As a result of the acquisition agreement, NAD is currently the controlling shareholder of the Corporation. Under the terms of the operating agreement, NAD will operate and manage the exploration program on all properties and provide related off-site administrative assistance, as required. Consideration will be 15% of the costs incurred by NAD on behalf of the Corporation. Costs paid directly by the Corporation are not subject to the fee. Included in the agreement are fixed rental rates for equipment owned by NAD. During the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, administrative fees were paid to NAD of $58,997 and $65,646, on total costs incurred by the Corporation of $841,131 and $437,640, respectively. Equipment rentals of $50,270 and $67,060 were included in the total costs for 1997 and 1996, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 1997, the Corporation acquired six vehicles in Argentina from NAD for $112,140. b) On November 6, 1995, certain debt the Corporation had with NAD was formalized into a promissory note. Terms of payment to NAD called for $365,000 to be paid on November 15, 1995, and this payment was made as specified. The remainder of the debt, $1,140,000, was carried as a convertible interest bearing note. The Corporation and NAD entered into a Debt Settlement Agreement on January 11, 1996 and an amendment dated May 13, 1996, whereby a promissory note dated May 13, 1996 replaced the earlier note. Under the May 13, 1996 promissory note, the Corporation agreed to make payments of Cdn$720,000 by July 15, 1996 and Cdn$875,000 by August 15, 1996. As per Note 7b(iii) above, under the terms of the Degerstrom Subscription Agreement, in July 1996, the Corporation issued 500,000 units to NAD and NAD exercised the 500,000 warrants it received. The funds received from NAD on the Degerstrom Private Placement were used to repay the debt outstanding, pursuant to the Debt Settlement Agreement, as amended. c) During 1997, the Corporation incurred the following transaction with related parties: financial consulting to a director and officer totaling $51,330, and legal fees to a firm in which a director and officer is an associate, totaling $84,898. 10. INCOME TAXES Due to the losses incurred by the Corporation, there is no income tax provision or benefit recorded for all periods presented. The Corporation has Canadian non-capital losses available to carry forward to apply against future taxable income of approximately Cdn$1.9 million expiring at various dates through the year 2002. 11. COMPARATIVE FIGURES Certain financial statement line items from prior years have been reclassified to conform with the current year's presentation. 46 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) 12. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS Subsequent to December 31, 1997, the following occurred: a) Options to acquire 205,000 shares at Cdn$1.44 were extended to a new expiry date of January 10, 2001. b) Options to acquire 550,000 shares (expiry date August 16, 1999), 500,000 shares (expiry date February 17, 2000) and 120,000 shares (expiry date August 29, 2000) were repriced at Cdn$1.15, Cdn$1.15 and Cdn$1.55, respectively. c) The Corporation granted options, subject to regulatory approval, whereby directors and employees can acquire up to 250,000 shares at Cdn$1.10 per share, up to March 2, 2003. 13. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CANADIAN AND UNITED STATES GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES As discussed in Note 3, these consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada. Differences in accounting principles as they pertain to these consolidated financial statements are as follows: a) Accounting for Share Issue Costs All costs related to the issuance of shares are offset against proceeds under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and the net amount is credited to share capital. b) Loss Per Share In February 1996, the United States Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No.128, "Earnings per Share". For U.S. GAAP, SFAS 128 simplified the existing standards and requires a basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS), unless the effect of including common stock equivalents is anti-dilutive. The application of this new standard does not have a material effect on the presentation of EPS for U.S. GAAP purposes, and the calculation of EPS under SFAS No.128 more closely approximates EPS under Canadian GAAP. c) Non-Cash Issuance of Common Shares Under U.S. GAAP, value is assigned to issuances of common shares for non-cash consideration and the basis for valuing the consideration is stated. 47 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) i) During 1995, the Corporation issued 150,000 common shares as a finder's fee and 168,000 common for services, in connection with a financing. Under U.S. GAAP, these issuances would be valued at Cdn$1.00 per share or $110,710 and $123,995, respectively, being the fair market value of the shares issued. ii) During 1996, the Corporation issued 90,400 common shares for broker special warrants, in connection with a financing. Under U.S. GAAP, these shares would be valued at Cdn$1.50 per share or $96,847, being the fair market value of the shares issued. iii) These share issuance costs are offset against share proceeds resulting in no net change to share capital. d) Acquisition of Scotia During 1995, the Corporation issued 336,814 commons shares for the acquisition of Scotia (see note 4b). Under U.S. GAAP, these shares would be valued at $248,590, the fair market value of the shares issued. This value, plus the $17,215 of net liabilities of Scotia assumed by the Corporation, would have been recorded as goodwill and expensed immediately at the acquisition date under U.S. GAAP. e) Compensation Expense Associated with Release of Shares from Escrow Under U.S. GAAP, stock compensation expense is recorded as shares held in escrow become eligible for release based upon the number of shares eligible for release and the market value of the shares at that time. Under Canadian GAAP, no value is attributed to such shares released and no compensation expense is recorded. Shares become eligible for release from escrow based on deferred exploration expenditure in accordance with the Degerstrom Agreement (see Note 4a) and with the consent of The Alberta Stock Exchange. During the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 and for the period from July 1, 1994 (commencement) through December 31, 1997 the Corporation would have recorded compensation expense of $2,503,975, $2,403,613 and (cumulative) $6,324,914 respectively, under U.S. GAAP. f) Mineral Properties and Deferred Exploration Costs In 1995, the FASB issued SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of", which requires that long-lived assets and associated intangibles be written down to fair value whenever an impairment review indicates that the carrying value cannot be recovered on an undiscounted cash-flow basis. Management believes that on the adoption of SFAS No. 121 there would be no material difference in the consolidated financial statements as presented. g) Stock-Based Compensation At December 31, 1997, the Corporation has one stock option plan. Under Canadian generally accepted accounting principles, the Corporation is not required to report, and has not reported, any stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated financial statements. Had compensation expense for the stock option plan been determined based on the fair market value based method, in accordance with the FASB SFAS No. 123, the Corporation's net loss for the year and net loss per common share would have been increased to the pro forma amounts below: 48 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars)
1997 1996 ---- ---- Net loss for the year As reported $4,306,897 $1,250,506 Pro forma $4,746,790 $1,857,570 Net loss per common share As reported $ 0.24 $ 0.10 Pro forma $ 0.27 $ 0.15
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions used for grants in 1997 and 1996, respectively: dividend yield of 0% for both years; expected volatility of 52.0% and 53.1%; risk-free interest rates of 5.65% to 6.65% and expected lives of two years. A summary of the status of the Corporation's stock option plan as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, and changes during the years ended on those dates is:
1997 1996 ---- ---- ($CDN) ($CDN) Weighted Weighted Ave. Ave. Exercise Exercise Options Price Options Price --------- ----- -------- -------- Outstanding and exercisable at beginning of year 895,000 $1.94 0 - Granted 681,000 $1.95 895,000 $1.94 Exercised (75,000) $1.44 0 - Forfeited (126,000) $2.06 0 - --------- -------- Outstanding and exercisable at end of year 1,375,000 $1.96 895,000 $1.94 ========= ======== Weighted average fair value $1.95 $1.94 of options granted during the year
The range of exercise prices is from Cdn$1.44 to Cdn$2.18 with a weighted average remaining contractual life of 1.66 years at December 31, 1997. h) Non-Cash Working Capital The following table sets forth the components of the net changes in non-cash working capital items related to operations as reflected in the consolidated statements of changes in financial position under U.S. GAAP: 49 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars)
Years Ended July 1, 1994 ----------------------------- through December 31, December 31, December 31, 1997 1996 1997 ----------- ----------- ----------- Add (deduct) non-cash working capital items: Receivables and prepaid expenses $(45,423) $(167,110) $(212,533) Accounts payable and accruals (56,701) 117,156 90,773 Due to related party 26,313 80,355 106,666 -------- --------- --------- $(75,811) $ 30,401 $ (15,090) ======== ========= =========
i) Impact on Consolidated Financial Statements The impact of the above on the consolidated financial statements is as follows:
Years Ended ---------------------------- December 31, December 31, 1997 1996 ----------- ----------- Accumulated deficit, end of period per Canadian GAAP $ 7,665,814 $ 3,275,646 Adjustment for acquisition of Scotia 248,590 248,590 Adjustment for compensation expense 6,324,914 3,820,939 Adjustment for share issue costs (561,132) (477,861) ----------- ----------- Accumulated deficit, end of period,per U.S. $13,678,186 $ 6,867,314 GAAP =========== ===========
December 31, December 31, 1997 1996 ----------- ----------- Share capital, per Canadian GAAP $15,132,262 $13,365,014 Adjustment for acquisition of Scotia 248,590 248,590 Adjustment for compensation expense 6,324,914 3,820,939 Adjustments for share issue costs (561,132) (477,861) ----------- ----------- Share capital, per U.S. GAAP $21,144,634 $16,956,682 =========== ===========
50
Period from Years Ended July 1, 1994 ------------------------------------------------ (commencement) December 31, December 31, through 1997 1996 December 31,1997 --------------------- ---------------------- ------------------ Net loss for the period, per Canadian GAAP $4,306,897 $1,250,506 $ 7,087,467 Adjustment for acquisition of Scotia 0 0 248,590 Adjustment for compensation expense 2,503,975 2,403,613 6,324,914 --------- --------- ------------ Net loss for the period, per U.S. GAAP $6,810,872 $3,654,119 $ 13,660,971 ========== ========== ============ Basis and diluted net loss per common share, per U.S. GAAP $ 0.38 $ 0.29 $ 1.19 ========== ========== ============
ITEM 8. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE On recommendation of the Board of Directors and by resolution of the Shareholders of the Corporation, dated June 19, 1997, the Corporation replaced its auditors, MacKay & Partners, Chartered Accountants, of Vancouver, British Columbia, with Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P., of Spokane, Washington, effective until the next annual general meeting of the Shareholders of the Corporation or until a successor is appointed. There have been no disagreements, or unresolved issues on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statements, disclosure or auditing scope or procedure during the period in which MacKay & Partners have been auditing the financial statements of the Corporation. MacKay & Partners were initially appointed auditors of the Corporation in November 1994. PART III ITEM 9. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS AND CONTROL PERSONS Information with respect to the directors, executive officers and significant employees of the Corporation is set forth below.
Name Age Positions Held ---- --- -------------- Allen Ambrose 41 President and Director 51 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) Brian Gavin 44 Vice-President of Exploration and Director of MASA Allan J. Marter 50 Chief Financial Officer and Director Jorge Vargas 56 Director and President of MASA & NADSA Armand Hansen 62 Director John Johnson Crabb 72 Director A.D. (Darryl) Drummond 61 Director Bonnie L. Kuhn 32 Director
Allen Ambrose has been President and a Director of the Corporation since November 1995. Mr. Ambrose also serves as an Exploration Manager/Geologist for Degerstrom. He has 18 years of experience in the mining industry including extensive experience in all phases of exploration, project evaluation and project management. He has worked as a geologist consultant in the U.S., Venezuela and most recently Argentina. He holds a B.Sc. degree in Geology from Eastern Washington University. Mr. Ambrose also is a member of the board of directors of Cadre Resources Ltd., a company with mining interests in Venezuela. Brian Gavin has been the Vice President of Exploration and a director of MASA since 1994. He has 18 years of experience in exploration geology, including experience in all phases of exploration, project evaluation and project management. Mr. Gavin has worked in the field as project manager and consultant in the U.S., Mexico, Nigeria and most recently, in Argentina. He holds a B. Sc. (Honours) degree in Geology from the University of London and an M.S. degree in Geology and Geophysics from the University of Missouri. From 1991 to 1994, he was a consultant with Ernst K. Lehman & Associates, which is a geological mining consulting firm. Since 1994, he also has been employed by Degerstrom. Allan J. Marter has been Chief Financial Officer and a director of the Corporation since June 1997. Mr. Marter has been a financial advisor in the mining industry and Principal of Waiata Resources, from April 1996 to present and has provided financial advisory services to the Corporation since April 30, 1996. Mr. Marter is a finance professional with 21 years of experience in the mining industry. From 1992 through 1996, he was employed as a director of Endeavor Financial Inc., a mining financial advisory firm. Mr. Marter also serves as a Director of Addwest Minerals International, Ltd. Jorge Vargas has been the President and a director of NADSA and MASA since July 1994 and September 1994, respectively. Mr. Vargas received his law degree in 1967 from the National University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and has been in private practice since 1967. Mr. Vargas also studied mining law at the Law Faculty of the University of Mendoza and was on the organizing committee of the First International Water Rights Conference in Mendoza in 1968. Mr. Vargas is a registered attorney in the provinces of Mendoza and San Juan, and at the Federal level in Argentina. Armand Hansen has been a director of the Corporation since November 1995. Mr Hansen has served as Vice-President of Operations for Mining Contracting for Degerstrom for the past 16 years. His responsibilities include managing 350 employees at various job sites throughout the U.S. and Latin America. Mr. Hansen has also served as Vice-President and a director of Aresco Inc., a manufacturing company conducting speciality fabrication of mining equipment since 1989. 53 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) John Johnson Crabb has been a director of the Corporation since November 1995. From 1985 to November 1995, Mr. Crabb served as a mining executive and geologist for and as a director of Inland Resources, Inc. From April 1995 to March 1996, Mr. Crabb was a director of Cadre Resources Ltd. Mr Crabb was also a director of Pegasus Gold Inc. from 1984 until 1991. Mr. Crabb graduated from the University of British Columbia in 1951 with an M.Sc. in Geology. A.D. (Darryl) Drummond has been a director of the Corporation since June 1996. Since 1981 Dr. Drummond has been a principal and President of D.D.H. Geomanagement, a mineral exploration firm concentrating on all aspects of mineral deposit evaluation covering precious metal, base metal and industrial mineral types in such countries as Argentina, Canada, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Philippines, the U.S. and Venezuela. Dr. Drummond has also served as a director of The Quinto Mining Corporation since September 1996, of International All-North Resources Ltd. since July 1996, of All-North Resources Ltd. from May 1995 to July 1996, and of Cadre Resources Ltd. from November 1994 to February 1995. Dr. Drummond graduated from the University of British Columbia with a B.A.Sc. in Geological Engineering in 1959 and with an M.A.Sc. in 1961. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1966 from the University of California at Berkeley. He is a member of the Society of Economic Geology and a member of the Geology Section of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Bonnie L. Kuhn has been a director of the Corporation since June 1997. She has been a solicitor with the firm Ogilvie and Company, Barristers and Solicitors, Calgary, Alberta, since January 1994. From August 1993 to December 1994, Ms. Kuhn was a Crown prosecutor with the Government of Alberta, Department of Justice. From July 1990 to June 1993, Ms. Kuhn was an associate with Howard, Mackie, Barristers and Solicitors. Ms. Kuhn is a member of the Law Society of Alberta and the Canadian Bar Association. She obtained her LLB from the University of Manitoba in 1989. Ms. Kuhn currently practices law in the areas of natural resources, corporate and commercial and securities laws. The Corporation has six directors, three of whom are executive officers. Directors serve terms of one year or until their successors are elected or appointed. No remuneration of any kind has been paid to any director, in his capacity as such, and there is no intention that they will be remunerated in that capacity in the immediate future. Expenses incurred by directors in connection with their activities on behalf of the Corporation are reimbursed by the Corporation. ITEM 10. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Summary of Executive Compensation. The following table sets forth compensation paid, directly or indirectly, by Minera Andes during the last fiscal year for services rendered by Allen Ambrose, President, and for services rendered by each other executive officer whose compensation in the last fiscal year was $100,000 or more ("Named Executives").
Summary Compensation Table Annual Compensation Long Term Compensation -------------------------------------------- ---------------------- Other Annual Fiscal Salary Compensation Securities Underlying Year ($) ($) Options/SARs (#) ---- ------- ------------ --------------------- Allen Ambrose (1) 1997 89,126 11,436 (2) 80,000 Brian Gavin (1) 1997 117,510 13,762 (3) 80,000
53 Notes: (1) Allen Ambrose and Brian Gavin, as employees of Degerstrom, provided services under the Operating Agreement (See "Description of the Business") which services were invoiced to the Corporation under the Operating Agreement. (2) During the 1997 fiscal year, the following benefits were provided to Mr. Ambrose by Degerstrom and invoiced to the Corporation: 401K Base 5,292 401K Match 1,764 Medical Insurance 4,380 (3) During the 1997 fiscal year, the following benefits were provided to Mr. Gavin by Degerstrom and invoiced to the Corporation: 401K Base 7,036 401K Match 2,345 Medical Insurance 4,380 Stock Options Granted in 1997. The following table sets forth certain information concerning individual stock options granted to the Named Executives during the year ended December 31, 1997.
Option Grants in the Last Fiscal Year Percentage of Total Options Number of Granted to Exercise Securities Underlying Employees in Price Expiration Options Granted (#) Fiscal Year (Cdn$/Sh) Date --------------------- ------------- --------- ----------------- Allen Ambrose 80,000 11.7% $2.00 (1) February 17, 2000 Brian Gavin 80,000 11.7% $2.00 (1) February 17, 2000 Notes: (1) Subsequent to December 31, 1997, The Alberta Stock Exchange consented to these options being repriced at Cdn$1.15 per share.
Aggregated Option Exercises. The following table sets forth certain information concerning the number of shares covered by both exercisable and unexercisable stock options as of December 31, 1997. Also reported are values of "in-the-money" options that represent the positive spread between the respective exercise prices of outstanding stock options and the fair market value of the Corporation's Common Shares as of December 31, 1997. 54 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars)
Fiscal Year-End Option Values Number of Value of Unexercised Unexercised Options In-the-Money Options at Fiscal Year-End (#) at Fiscal Year-End ($)(1)(2) -------------------------------- -------------------------------- Exercisable Unexercisable Exercisable Unexercisable ----------- ------------- ----------- ------------- Allen Ambrose 240,000 0 $0 $0 Brian Gavin 240,000 0 $0 $0 Notes: (1) The value of unexercised in-the-money options was calculated using the closing price of common shares on The Alberta Stock Exchange on December 31, 1997, less the exercise price of in-the-money stock options. On December 31, 1997 the closing price of the Common Shares on The Alberta Stock Exchange was Cdn$1.20. (2) The currency exchange rate applied in calculating the value of unexercised in-the-money options was the late New York trading rate of exchange for December 31, 1997 as reported by the Wall Street Journal for conversion of United States dollars into Canadian dollars was U.S. $1.00 = Cdn$1.43 or Cdn$1.00 = U.S. $0.70.
Stock Option Plan The Board of Directors has adopted a stock option plan (the "Plan") which was approved with amendments by the shareholders of the Corporation at the Annual and Special Meeting of Shareholders held on June 26, 1996. The purpose of the Plan is to afford the persons who provide services to the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates, whether directors, officers or employees of the Corporation or its subsidiaries or affiliates, an opportunity to obtain a proprietary interest in the Corporation by permitting them to purchase Common Shares of the Corporation and to aid in attracting, as well as retaining and encouraging the continued involvement of such persons with the Corporation. Under the terms of the Plan, the board of directors has full authority to administer the Plan in accordance with the terms of the Plan and at any time amend or revise the terms of the Plan provided, however, that no amendment or revision shall alter the terms of options already granted. The aggregate number of shares to be delivered upon exercise of all options granted under the Plan shall not exceed 10% of the Corporation's issued and outstanding Common Shares up to a maximum of 2,000,000 shares. No participant may be granted an option under the Plan which exceeds the number of shares permitted to be granted pursuant to rules or policies of any stock exchange on which the Common Shares is then listed. Under the Plan, the exercise price of the shares covered by each option shall be determined by the directors and shall be not less than the closing price of the Corporation's shares on the stock exchange or stock exchanges on which the shares are listed on the last trading day immediately preceding the day on which the stock exchange is notified of the proposed issuance of option, less any discounts permitted by the policy or policies of such stock exchange or stock exchanges. If an option is granted within six months of a public distribution of the Corporation's shares by way of prospectus, then the minimum exercise price of such option shall, if the policy of such stock exchange or stock exchanges requires, be the greater of the price determined pursuant to the provisions of the Plan and the price per share paid by the investing public for shares of the Corporation acquired by the public during such public distribution, determined in accordance with the policy of such stock exchange or stock 55 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) exchanges. Options granted under the Plan will not be transferable and, if they are not exercised, will expire one (1) year following the date the optionee ceases to be director, officer, employee or consultant of the Corporation by reason of death, or ninety (90) days after ceasing to be a director, officer, employee or consultant of the Corporation for any reason other than death. As of December 31, 1997, an aggregate of 1,576,000 stock options had been granted under the Plan and 75,000 options granted under the Plan had been exercised at an exercise price of Cdn$1.44 per share. In addition, 126,000 options had been forfeited, leaving 1,375,000 options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 1997. ITEM 11. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership, as of February 27, 1998 of the Common Shares by (i) each person known by the Corporation to own beneficially more than 5% of the Common Shares, (ii) each director of the Corporation, (iii) the Chief Executive Officer and each other officer named in the Summary Compensation Table and (iv) all directors and executive officers as a group. Except as otherwise noted, the Corporation believes the persons listed below have sole investment and voting power with respect to the Common Shares owned by them.
Shares Beneficially Percentage of Name and Address Owned (1) Common Shares (1) - ---------------- --------- ----------------- Named Executive Officers and Directors Allen Ambrose 429,900 (2) 2.24% 3303 North Sullivan Road Spokane, WA 99216 Armand Hansen 296,000 (3) 1.54% 3303 North Sullivan Road Spokane, WA 99216 John Johnson Crabb 150,000 (3) 0.78% 3303 North Sullivan Road Spokane, WA 99216 Brian Gavin 435,400 (2) 2.27% 3303 North Sullivan Road Spokane, WA 99216 A.D. (Darryl) Drummond 100,000 (4) 0.52% 3303 North Sullivan Road Spokane, WA 99216 56 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) Bonnie L. Kuhn 61,000 (5) 0.32% 1600 Canada Place 407 - 2nd Street S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 2Y3 Allan J. Marter 100,000 (4) 0.52% 4828 W. Fair Place Littleton, CO 80123 5% or Greater Shareholders Neal A. and Joan L. Degerstrom 5,000,000 (6)(7) 26.02% 3303 North Sullivan Road Spokane, WA 99216 Cominco Ltd. 1,315,791 (8)(9) 6.85% 120 Adelaide St. W., Suite 2200 Toronto, Ontario M5H 1T1 All directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons) 1,572,300 8.18% Notes: (1) Shares which the person or group has the right to acquire within 60 days after December 31, 1997 are deemed to be outstanding in determining the beneficial ownership of he person or group and in calculating the percentage ownership of the person or group, but are not deemed to be outstanding as to any other person or group. (2) Includes stock options entitling the holder to acquire 50,000 shares upon payment of Cdn$1.44, 110,000 shares upon payment of Cdn$2.18, or 80,000 shares upon payment of Cdn$2.00. (3) Includes stock options entitling the holder to acquire 20,000 shares upon payment of Cdn$1.44, 60,000 shares upon payment of Cdn$2.18, or 40,000 shares upon payment of Cdn$2.00. (4) Includes stock options entitling the holder to acquire 60,000 shares upon payment of Cdn$2.18, or 40,000 shares upon payment of Cdn$2.00. (5) Includes stock options entitling the holder to acquire 60,000 shares upon payment of Cdn$1.73. (6) The Common Shares are owned beneficially by Mr. and Mrs. Degerstrom by virtue of their combined majority control of the record owner, N.A. Degerstrom, Inc. (7) Includes 1,333,334 Common Shares held in escrow at December 31, 1997. Does not include 1,213,409 Common Shares reserved for issuance to Degerstrom upon the satisfaction of certain performance criteria. See "Description of Properties - the Degerstrom Agreement." 57 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) (8) Includes 438,597 Common Shares reserved for issuance to Cominco upon the exercise of share purchase warrants at a price of Cdn$3.98. (9) The Chairman of the Board of Cominco Ltd. is Norman B. Keevil and the President and Chief Executive Officer is David A. Thompson. Cominco Ltd. is a public corporation.
ITEM 12. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS The Corporation, MASA, NADSA and Degerstrom are party to an Operating Agreement whereby Degerstrom operates and manages the exploration program relating to the Corporation Claims in return for a management fee and certain other consideration. See "Description of Properties The Degerstrom Agreement." Allen Ambrose and Brian Gavin both serve as employees of Degerstrom and receive all of their compensation for management services provided to the Corporation under the Operating Agreement from Degerstrom. Neither Mr. Ambrose nor Mr. Gavin perform any services as employees of Degerstrom other than in their capacities as President and Vice President of Exploration of the Corporation respectively. All of the compensation paid to Messrs. Ambrose and Gavin has been invoiced back to the Corporation by Degerstrom. See "Description of the Business Operating Structure" and "Executive Compensation." In 1996 the Corporation entered into a Debt Restructuring Agreement with Degerstrom in connection with the issuance of Common Shares to Degerstrom in a private placement. From June 30, 1994 through March 31, 1995, Degerstrom had spent approximately $1,505,000 on Argentinean exploration on the Corporation's behalf. Under the terms of a Debt Restructuring Agreement dated January 11, 1996, as amended on May 13, 1996, the Corporation agreed to repay the sum plus interest. On January 11, 1996, the Corporation and Degerstrom also entered into a subscription agreement whereby Degerstrom subscribed for 500,000 units of the Corporation at a price of Cdn$1.44 per unit. Each unit consisted of one share of the Corporation's Common Shares and a warrant to purchase an additional share at a price of Cdn$1.75. On July 8, 1996, Degerstrom received 500,000 units from the Corporation and exercised the 500,000 warrants. The funds received from Degerstrom pursuant to the subscription and the exercise of the warrants were used to retire the debt outstanding under the Debt Restructuring Agreement. During the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, administrative fees were paid to NAD of $58,997 and $65,646, on total costs incurred by the Corporation of $841,131 and $437,640, respectively. Equipment rentals of $50,270 and $67,060 were included in the total costs for 1997 and 1996, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 1997 the Corporation acquired six vehicles in Argentina from NAD for $112,140. During 1997, the Corporation incurred the following transaction with related parties: financial consulting to a director and officer totaling $51,330, and legal fees to a firm in which a director and officer is an associate, totaling $84,898. ITEM 13. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8K (a) Exhibits The Exhibits as indexed on pages 60 through 62 of this report are included as part of this Form 10-KSB. (b) Reports on Form 8K There were no reports on Form 8K filed in the quarter ended December 31, 1997. 58 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) INDEX TO EXHIBITS Exhibit Number Description - ------- ----------- 2.1 Asset and Share Acquisition Agreement between MASA, NADSA, the Corporation Degerstrom, Brian Gavin, Jorge Vargas, and Enrique Rufino Marzari Elizalde, dated March 8, 1995, as amended on April 19, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Corporation's Registration Statement on Form 10-SB, Commission File No. 000-22731 (the "Form 10-SB")). 2.2 Arrangement between the Corporation and Scotia Prime Minerals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Form 10-SB). 3.1 Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-SB). 3.2 Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 10-SB). 4.1 Warrant Certificate describing the rights of Broker Special Warrants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 10-SB). 4.2 Warrant Certificate describing the rights of Cominco Warrants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 10-SB). 10.1 Conveyance Agreement between NADSA and N.A. Degerstrom, Inc., dated July 1, 1994 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-SB). 10.2 Conveyance Agreement between NADSA and N.A. Degerstrom, Inc., dated July 1, 1994 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-SB). 10.3 Operating Agreement between the Corporation and N.A. Degerstrom, Inc. dated March 15, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 10-SB). 10.4 Share Option Agreement between the Corporation and Jorge Vargas, dated March 15, 1995 (incorporated by the reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Form 10-SB). 10.5 Share Option Agreement between the Corporation and Enrique Rufino Marzari Elizalde, dated March 15, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Form 10-SB). 10.6 Option to Purchase (Santa Clara) between the N.A. Degerstrom, Inc. and Martin Antonio Carotti and Carlos Giustozzi, dated May 12, 1994, as amended on June 30, 1995 and again on December 13, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Form 10-SB). 10.7 Letter Agreement (Agua Blanca) between the Corporation and Newcrest Minera Argentina S.A., dated April 4, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Form 10-SB). 10.8 Option to Purchase (Agua Blanca) between MASA and Adonis Cantoni, dated June 21, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Form 10-SB). 59 MINERA ANDES INC. "An Exploration Stage Corporation" NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) (U.S. Dollars) 10.9 Debt Restructuring Agreement between the Corporation and N.A. Degerstrom, Inc., dated January 11, 1996, as amended May 13, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Form 10-SB). 10.10 Escrow Agreement between the Corporation, N.A. Degerstrom, Inc. and Montreal Trust Company of Canada, dated November 30, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Form 10-SB). 10.11 Agency Agreement between the Corporation, C.M. Oliver & Company Limited and Majendie Charlton Securities Ltd., dated November 22, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Form 10-SB). 10.12 Special Warrant Indenture between the Corporation and Montreal Trust Company of Canada, dated December 13, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Form 10-SB). 10.13 Purchase Warrant Indenture between the Corporation and Montreal Trust Company of Canada, dated December 13, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Form 10-SB). 10.14 Agreement dated April 30, 1996 between the Corporation and Waiata Resources for the provision of financial advisory services (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Form 10-SB). 10.15 Amended Stock Option Plan, dated June 26, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Form 10-SB). 10.16 Joint Venture Agreement (Arroyo Verde) dated October 23, 1997 between the Corporation and Pegasus Gold International, Inc. 11.1 Statement regarding the computation of per share loss. 21.1 Description of MASA and NADSA (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Form 10- SB). 23.1 Consent of Coopers & Lybrand. 27.1 Financial Data Schedule. 99.1 Letter of agreement of MacKay & Partners regarding disclosure of the change of the Corporation's auditors. 60 SIGNATURES In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf be the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, effective March 27, 1998. MINERA ANDES INC. Registrant By: /s/ ALLEN V. AMBROSE By: /s/ ALLAN J. MARTER ----------------------------- ----------------------------- Allen V. Ambrose, President Allan J. Marter, Chief Financial Officer In accordance with the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Date: March 27, 1998 By: /s/ ALLEN V. AMBROSE ----------------------------- ----------------------------- Allen V. Ambrose, President Date: March 27, 1998 By: /s/ JOHN JOHNSON CRABB ----------------------------- ----------------------------- John Johnson (Jack) Crabb, Director Date: March 27, 1998 By: /s/ A.D. DRUMMOND ----------------------------- ----------------------------- A.D. (Darryl) Drummond, Director Date: March 27, 1998 By: /s/ ARMAND G. HANSEN ----------------------------- ----------------------------- Armand G. Hansen, Director Date: March 27, 1998 By: /s/ BONNIE L. KUHN ----------------------------- ----------------------------- Bonnie L. Kuhn, Director Date: March 27, 1998 By: /s/ ALLAN J. MARTER ----------------------------- ----------------------------- Allan J. Marter, Director 61
EX-10.16 2 LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT PEGASUS GOLD INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND MINERA ANDES INC. October 23, 1997 Table of Contents Page ARTICLE 1. DEFINITIONS....................................................-1- 1.1 "Accounting Procedure".........................................-1- 1.2 "Act"..........................................................-1- 1.3 "Affiliate"....................................................-1- 1.4 "Agreement"....................................................-1- 1.5 "Area of Interest".............................................-1- 1.6 "Assets".......................................................-2- 1.7 "Authorized Person"............................................-2- 1.8 "Budget".......................................................-2- 1.9 "Certificate"..................................................-2- 1.10 "Claims".......................................................-2- 1.11 "Company"......................................................-2- 1.13 "Construction Period"..........................................-2- 1.14 "Continuing Obligations".......................................-2- 1.15 "Contract Year"................................................-2- 1.16 "Development"..................................................-2- 1.17 "Development Area".............................................-2- 1.18 "Dollars" and "$"..............................................-3- 1.19 "Environmental Compliance".....................................-3- 1.20 "Environmental Laws"...........................................-3- 1.21 "Environmental Liabilities" ...................................-3- 1.22 "Exploration"..................................................-3- 1.23 "Exploration Period"...........................................-3- 1.24 "Feasibility Study"............................................-3- 1.25 "Initial Contribution".........................................-4- 1.26 "Initial Contribution Period"..................................-4- 1.27 "Law" or "Laws" ...............................................-4- 1.28 "Management Committee".........................................-4- 1.29 "Managers".....................................................-4- 1.30 "Member".......................................................-4- 1.31 "Mining".......................................................-4- 1.32 "Mining Period"................................................-4- 1.33 "Non-Operator".................................................-4- 1.34 "Operations"...................................................-4- 1.35 "Operator".....................................................-5- 1.36 "Participating Interest".......................................-5- 1.37 "Person".......................................................-5- 1.38 "Production Royalty"...........................................-5- 1.39 "Products".....................................................-5- i 1.40 "Program"......................................................-5- 1.41 "Property".....................................................-5- 1.42 "Successor Company"............................................-5- ARTICLE 2. FORMATION OF THE COMPANY INFORMATION FOR CERTIFICATE....................................-5- 2.1 Formation......................................................-5- 2.2 Name and Principal Place of Business...........................-6- 2.3 Purposes.......................................................-6- 2.4 Limitations....................................................-7- 2.5 Other Business Opportunities...................................-7- 2.6 Effective Date and Term........................................-7- 2.7 Termination of Rights to Assets................................-8- 2.8 Registered Office..............................................-8- 2.9 Agent for Service of Process...................................-8- ARTICLE 3. CONTRIBUTIONS BY MEMBERS.......................................-8- 3.1 Members' Initial Contributions.................................-8- 3.1.1 Pegasus' Contribution................................-8- 3.1.2 Minera Andes' Contribution...........................-8- (1) Minimum Obligation...........................-8- (2) Nature of Qualifying Expenses................-9- 3.2 Withdrawal During Initial Contribution Period..................-9- 3.2.1 Elective Withdrawal..................................-9- 3.2.2 Failure to Make Initial Contribution................-10- 3.3 Additional Cash Contributions.................................-10- ARTICLE 4. INTERESTS OF MEMBERS..........................................-10- 4.1 Initial Participating Interests...............................-10- 4.2 Changes in Participating Interests............................-10- 4.3 Voluntary Reduction in Participation..........................-11- 4.4 Dilution......................................................-11- 4.5 Rights of Nondiluting Member..................................-12- 4.6 Adjustment for Actual Expenditures--Restoration of Diluted Interests.............................................-12- 4.7 Default in Making Contributions...............................-12- 4.8 Conversion to Production Royalty..............................-13- 4.9 Continuing Rights and Liabilities upon Adjustments of Participating Interests.......................................-13- ii ARTICLE 5. MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE..........................................-13- 5.1 Organization and Composition..................................-13- 5.2 Decisions.....................................................-13- 5.3 Meetings......................................................-13- 5.4 Action Without Meeting........................................-14- 5.5 Management Committee Duties...................................-14- 5.5.1 Matters Requiring Approval..........................-14- 5.5.2 Matters Requiring Unanimous Approval................-15- ARTICLE 6. OPERATOR......................................................-16- 6.1 Appointment...................................................-16- 6.2 Powers and Duties of Operator.................................-16- 6.3 Transactions with Affiliates..................................-19- 6.4 Standard of Care and Liability................................-19- 6.5 Compensation of Operator......................................-19- 6.6 Resignation, Removal or Change of Operator....................-19- 6.7 Change of Operator--Development...............................-20- 6.8 Operator's Default and Remedies of Non-Operator...............-20- 6.8.1 Notice..............................................-20- 6.8.2 Opportunity to Cure.................................-21- 6.8.3 Rights of Non-Operator..............................-21- ARTICLE 7. PROGRAMS AND BUDGETS..........................................-22- 7.1 In General....................................................-22- 7.1.1 Operations Pursuant to Programs and Budgets.........-22- 7.1.2 Content of Programs and Budgets.....................-22- 7.1.3 Presentation of Programs and Budgets................-22- 7.1.4 Budget Overruns; Program Changes....................-22- 7.1.5 Emergency or Unexpected Expenditures................-23- 7.2 Initial Contribution Period and Exploration Period............-23- 7.2.1 Review and Approval.................................-23- 7.2.2 Minera Andes' Vote Controls During Initial Contribution Period.................................-23- 7.2.3 Activities During Deadlock--Exploration Period......-23- 7.2.4 Election to Participate--Exploration Period.........-23- 7.3 Feasibility Study and Development.............................-24- 7.3.1 Preparation.........................................-24- 7.3.2 Nonconsent Study....................................-24- 7.3.3 Review..............................................-25- 7.3.4 Notice of Development Proposal......................-25- 7.3.5 Authorization of Development by Management Committee...........................................-25- iii 7.3.6 Commitments upon Management Committee Authorization.......................................-25- 7.3.7 Unilateral Development Commitment...................-26- 7.3.8 Designation of Development Area.....................-27- 7.3.9 Participation in Development Commitment.............-27- 7.3.10 Adjustment of Participating Interests...............-27- 7.3.11 Development Budget and Operations...................-28- 7.3.12 Restoration of Participating Interest...............-28- 7.3.13 Cost Increases and Price Declines...................-29- 7.4 Mining and Operations.........................................-29- 7.4.1 Review and Approval.................................-29- 7.4.2 Activities During Deadlock--Mining Period...........-30- ARTICLE 8. ACCOUNTS AND SETTLEMENTS......................................-30- 8.1 Monthly Cash Budget...........................................-30- 8.2 Cash Calls....................................................-31- 8.3 Failure to Meet Cash Calls....................................-31- 8.4 Accounts......................................................-31- 8.5 Audits........................................................-31- 8.6 Annual Reports and Records....................................-32- 8.7 Monthly Report................................................-32- 8.8 Inspection and Access.........................................-33- 8.9 Additional Information........................................-33- ARTICLE 9. DISPOSITION OF PRODUCTION.....................................-33- 9.1 Disposition in General........................................-33- 9.2 Taking in Kind................................................-34- 9.3 Futures Contracts.............................................-34- ARTICLE 10. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES; TITLE TO ASSETS...............-34- 10.1 Capacity of Members...........................................-34- 10.2 Representations and Warranties of Each Member.................-35- 10.3 Joint Loss of Title...........................................-36- 10.4 Compliance with Agreements....................................-36- 10.5 Review of Title...............................................-36- ARTICLE 11. MEMBERS' DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES................................-37- 11.1 Events of Default.............................................-37- 11.2 Notice of Default.............................................-37- 11.3 Opportunity to Cure...........................................-37- 11.4 Rights upon Default...........................................-38- iv 11.4.1 Loan................................................-38- 11.4.2 Dilution............................................-38- 11.4.3 Termination.........................................-38- 11.5 Remedies Not Exclusive........................................-38- ARTICLE 12. CONTRIBUTION TO LIABILITIES...................................-39- 12.1 Contribution..................................................-39- 12.2 Indemnification...............................................-39- ARTICLE 13. TERMINATION...................................................-40- 13.1 Termination...................................................-40- 13.1.1 Termination by Agreement............................-40- 13.1.2 Termination by Withdrawal...........................-40- 13.1.3 Termination by Completion of Product Development....-40- 13.1.4 Termination by Elimination of Participating Interest-40- 13.1.5 Termination by Default..............................-41- 13.2 Continuing Obligations........................................-41- 13.3 Disposition of Assets on Termination..........................-41- 13.4 Termination at Election of Minera Andes During Initial Contribution Period...................................-41- 13.5 Tax Consequences..............................................-41- 13.6 Noncompete Covenants..........................................-41- 13.7 Right to Data After Termination...............................-41- 13.8 Continuing Authority..........................................-42- ARTICLE 14. ACQUISITIONS WITHIN AREA OF INTEREST..........................-42- 14.1 General.......................................................-42- 14.2 Notice to Nonacquiring Member.................................-42- 14.3 Option Exercised..............................................-42- 14.4 Option Not Exercised..........................................-43- ARTICLE 15. ABANDONMENT AND SURRENDER OF PROPERTY.........................-43- 15.1 During Initial Contribution Period............................-43- 15.2 Surrender or Abandonment of Property..........................-43- 15.3 Reacquisition.................................................-43- v ARTICLE 16. TRANSFER OF INTEREST..........................................-44- 16.1 General.......................................................-44- 16.2 Limitations on Free Transferability...........................-44- 16.3 Preemptive Right..............................................-45- 16.4 Exceptions to Preemptive Right................................-45- 16.5 Insolvency....................................................-46- ARTICLE 17. GENERAL PROVISIONS............................................-46- 17.1 Notices......................................................-46- 17.2 Waiver........................................................-47- 17.3 Modification..................................................-47- 17.4 Force Majeure.................................................-47- 17.5 Contest of Governmental Regulation............................-48- 17.6 Governing Law.................................................-48- 17.7 Dispute Resolution............................................-48- 17.7.1 Agreement to Arbitrate..............................-48- 17.7.2 Submission to Arbitration and Selection of Arbitrators......................................-48- 17.7.3 Arbitration Procedures..............................-49- 17.7.4 Successor Arbitrators...............................-49- 17.7.5 Status of Member-Appointed Arbitrators..............-49- 17.7.6 Cost of Arbitration.................................-49- 17.8 Further Assurances............................................-49- 17.9 Survival of Terms and Conditions..............................-50- 17.10 Confidentiality and Public Statements.........................-50- 17.11 Entire Agreement; Successors and Assigns......................-51- Exhibit A The Property Exhibit B Accounting Procedure Exhibit C Tax Provisions Exhibit D Net Profits Royalty Deed vi LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT THIS LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT is made as of the 23rd day of October, 1997 (the "Effective Date") by and between PEGASUS GOLD INTERNATIONAL, INC. ("Pegasus"), a Washington corporation authorized to transact business in the Republic of Argentina ("Argentina"), and MINERA ANDES INC., an Alberta corporation ("Minera Andes"), a corporation authorized to transact business in Argentina. RECITALS A. Pegasus owns or leases certain mineral properties in Argentina, which are described in the attached Exhibit A (the "Property"). B. Minera Andes and Pegasus wish to form a Limited Liability Company to explore, evaluate and develop mineral resources within the Property or any other properties acquired pursuant to this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements contained in this Agreement, Pegasus and Minera Andes agree as follows: ARTICLE 1. DEFINITIONS 1.1 "Accounting Procedure" means the procedures set forth in Exhibit B. 1.2 "Act" shall mean the Washington Limited Liability Company Act, codified as Chapter 25.15 of the Revised Code of Washington, including any amendments thereto that become effective after the date hereof. 1.3 "Affiliate" means any person or entity related to a Member in such a way that either the Member or such person or entity directly or indirectly controls or is controlled by or is under common control with the other. For this purpose, "control" means the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause direction of management and policies through ownership of voting securities, contract, voting trust or otherwise. 1.4 "Agreement" means this Limited Liability Company Agreement, as it may be amended from time to time, together with all exhibits to it. 1.5 "Area of Interest" means the area within one (1) kilometer from the perimeter of any portion of the Property. 1.6 "Assets" means the Property, Products and all other real and personal property of the Limited Liability Company, tangible and intangible, held or acquired for the benefit of the Company, including, without limitation, water rights. 1.7 "Authorized Person" means each of the Members and their authorized representatives and designees, including but not limited to the lenders to a Member or to an Affiliate. 1.8 "Budget" means a detailed estimate of all costs to be incurred by the Company with respect to a Program and a schedule of cash advances to be made. 1.9 "Certificate" shall mean the Certificate of Formation described in Section 2.1, including any amendment to such certificate. 1.10 "Claims" means those exploration concessions and pending exploitation concessions under the laws of Argentina identified on Exhibit A and any subsequent amendments to that exhibit, including without limitation cateos, manifestations of discovery, minas and estaca minas. 1.11 "Company" shall mean Arroyo Verde, LLC, a Washington limited liability company. 1.12 "Company Account" means the account maintained in accordance with the Accounting Procedure showing the charges and credits accruing to the Company. 1.13 "Construction Period" means the period of time from the approval of a Feasibility Study until completion of the Development activities described in the approved study, as it may be modified from time to time under Section 7.3. 1.14 "Continuing Obligations" means obligations or responsibilities that are reasonably expected to continue or arise after Operations on a particular area of the Property have ceased or are suspended, such as future monitoring, stabilizing, or Environmental Compliance. 1.15 "Contract Year" means the year, beginning July 1 and ending June 30. - ------------- 1.16 "Development" means all preparation for the removal and recovery of Products, including the construction, installation or expansion of a mine or mill or any other improvements to be used for the Mining. 1.17 "Development Area" means a portion of the Property identified by the Management Committee under Section 7.3.4 as the area to be developed pursuant to an approved Feasibility Study. 1.18 "Dollars" and "$" means lawful currency of the United States of America. --------------- -2- 1.19 "Environmental Compliance" means actions performed during or after Operations to comply with the requirements of all Environmental Laws or contractual commitments related to reclamation of the Property or other compliance with Environmental Laws. 1.20 "Environmental Laws" means Laws aimed at reclamation or restoration of the Property; abatement of pollution; protection of the environment; protection of wildlife, including endangered species; ensuring public safety from environmental hazards; protection of cultural or historic resources; management, storage or control of hazardous materials and substances; releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, chemicals or industrial, toxic or hazardous substances as wastes into the environment, including without limitation, ambient air, surface water and groundwater; and all other Laws relating to the manufacturing, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, handling or transport of pollutants, contaminants, chemicals or industrial, toxic or hazardous substances or wastes. 1.21 "Environmental Liabilities" means any and all claims, actions, causes of action, damages, losses, liabilities, obligations, penalties, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, assessments, costs, disbursements, or expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys' fees and costs, experts' fees and costs, and consultants' fees and costs) of any kind or of any nature whatsoever that are asserted against either Member, by any person or entity other than the other Member, alleging liability (including, without limitation, liability for studies, testing or investigatory costs, cleanup costs, response costs, removal costs, remediation costs, containment costs, restoration costs, corrective action costs, closure costs, reclamation costs, natural resource damages, property damages, business losses, personal injuries, penalties or fines) arising out of, based on or resulting from (i) the presence, release, threatened release, discharge or emission into the environment of any hazardous materials or substances existing or arising on, beneath or above the Properties and/or emanating or migrating and/or threatening to emanate or migrate from the Properties to off-site properties; (ii) physical disturbance of the environment; or (iii) the violation or alleged violation of any Environmental Laws. 1.22 "Exploration" means all activities directed toward ascertaining the existence, location, quantity, quality or commercial value of deposits of Products. 1.23 "Exploration Period" means the period of time from the termination of the Initial Contribution Period until approval or deemed approval of a Feasibility Study. 1.24 "Feasibility Study" means a report to ascertain whether minerals can profitably be extracted, treated and sold in circumstances that would provide long-term return to the Members with due regard to the profitable recovery of low-grade minerals and in a form and level of detail acceptable to a recognized major international bank. Such study shall report on the economic feasibility of establishing a mine on and constructing facilities for removing and processing deposits of Products and shall be prepared and adopted in accordance with Section 7.3. Such study shall consider, but not be limited to, review of geology, ore reserves, metallurgy, environmental considerations, mining methods, mine capital and operating costs -3- estimates, process flow sheets, process plant capital and operating costs estimates, refining alternatives, surface facilities specifications, surface building requirements, surface utility requirements, surface transportation requirements, surface facilities arrangements, surface mobile and miscellaneous equipment requirements, surface and ancillary facilities capital and operating costs estimates and general personnel requirements. 1.25 "Initial Contribution" means the contribution each Member agrees to make, or is deemed to have made, pursuant to Section 3.1. 1.26 "Initial Contribution Period" means the time period from the Effective Date through and including June 30, 2000 or through and including the date upon which Minera Andes completes its Initial Contribution under Section 3.1.2, whichever occurs first, unless this Agreement is sooner terminated. 1.27 "Law" or "Laws" means all applicable federal, state and local laws (statutory or common), rules, ordinances, regulations, grants, concessions, franchises, licenses, orders, directives, judgments, decrees, and other governmental restrictions, including permits and other similar requirements, whether legislative, municipal, administrative or judicial in nature. 1.28 "Management Committee" means the committee established under Article 5. 1.29 "Managers" means the Persons designated as the Managers in Section 5.1 and any other person who may become a successor or substitute Manager as provided in Section 5.1. 1.30 "Member" means each Person who executes this Agreement, and is admitted as a Member in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Pegasus and Minera Andes are the initial members of the Company. 1.31 "Mining" means the mining, extracting, producing, handling, milling or other processing of Products. 1.32 "Mining Period" means the period of time after completion of the Development activities described in an approved Feasibility Study during which Mining occurs on the Property. 1.33 "Non-Operator" means the Member of the Company, other than the Operator. 1.34 "Operations" means the activities carried out under this Agreement within the Area of Interest, including Exploration, Development and Mining. 1.35 "Operator" means the Member designated as Operator under Article 6 of this Agreement, when acting in its capacity as Operator. -4- 1.36 "Participating Interest" means the respective percentage ownership interests of the Members in the Company as specified and determined under Article 4. Participating Interests shall be calculated to three decimal places and rounded to two. Decimals of .005 or more shall be rounded up to .01, and decimals of less than .005 shall be rounded down. 1.37 "Person" shall mean any individual, partnership, corporation, trust, limited liability company or other entity. 1.38 "Production Royalty" shall mean the 10 percent royalty determined and distributed in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Royalty Deed attached as Exhibit D. 1.39 "Products" means all ores, dore, slag, bullion or refined material, minerals and mineral resources produced from the Property under this Agreement. 1.40 "Program" means a description in reasonable detail of Operations to be conducted by the Operator for a designated period, which is adopted by the Management Committee under Article 7. 1.41 "Property" means those interests in real property, including but not limited to the Claims, described in Exhibit A, and all other interests in real property within the Area of Interest which are acquired or located under this Agreement after the Effective Date. 1.42 "Successor Company" shall mean a new limited liability company, formed pursuant to an agreement substantially in the form of this Agreement, under Section 7.3.4. ARTICLE 2. FORMATION OF THE COMPANY INFORMATION FOR CERTIFICATE 2.1 Formation. Upon execution of this Agreement, Pegasus and Minera Andes shall form the Company by filing a Certificate with the office of the Secretary of State for the State of Washington for the limited purposes set forth in this Agreement. Pegasus and Minera Andes shall organize the Company and shall conduct the Company's business and affairs in a manner consistent with this Agreement, the Act, and the Certificate. Prior to the expiration of the Initial Contribution Period, the Property and Assets contributed to the Company may be held in the name of the contributing Member but shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Company. If the Company continues to conduct business after the end of the Initial Contribution Period, all the Property within the Area of Interest and Assets owned or controlled by the Company shall be held in the Company name and not in the names of the individual Members. Neither Member shall have any individual ownership in such Property except for its property rights as a Member of the Company. All agreements, permits, and transactions shall be executed and performed by the Company in its own name and not in the names of the individual Members; provided, however, that pursuant to Section 6.2.4, all employees shall be employees of the -5- Operator or one of its Affiliates and not employees of the Company. The Company shall operate in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement. 2.2 Name and Principal Place of Business. The name of the Company is Arroyo Verde, LLC, and the Operator shall conduct the business of the Company under this name. The principal place of business shall be at offices in the United States as may be designated by the Operator (during the period Minera Andes is the Operator, the offices shall be at the offices of Minera Andes in Spokane, Washington). The principal place of business may be changed from time to time, and other places of business may be established by actions taken in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement governing management of the Company's business and affairs. The Operator shall make any registration required by applicable assumed or fictitious name statutes and similar statutes and qualify and register the Company to do business in Argentina. 2.3 Purposes. This Company is formed for the following limited purposes: 2.3.1 To conduct Exploration within the Area of Interest; 2.3.2 To acquire additional property within the Area of Interest; 2.3.3 To evaluate and engage in Development and Mining of the Property; 2.3.4 To acquire by purchase, lease or otherwise all of the Assets necessary to explore, develop and mine Property within the Area of Interest; 2.3.5 To obtain all permits, licenses, consents and other authorizations necessary or appropriate to carry out Operations; 2.3.6 To enter into contracts for transportation, smelting, refining, assaying and testing of Products; 2.3.7 To dispose of Products produced from the Property, to the extent permitted in Article 9; 2.3.8 To engage in reclamation of the Property and to complete and satisfy all Environmental Compliance obligations and Continuing Obligations affecting the Property; and 2.3.9 To perform any other Operations or activities necessary, appropriate or incidental to the conduct of the Company as permitted by the Act or the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Company may do business. 2.4 Limitations. The Company shall have all powers provided for in the Act. However, unless the Members otherwise agree in writing, Operations shall be limited to the purposes stated in Section 2.3, and nothing in this Agreement shall be construed: -6- 2.4.1 To create a general partnership between the Members; 2.4.2 To authorize either Member to act as agent for the other Member except as provided in this Agreement; 2.4.3 To permit either Member to undertake the development of any other property on behalf of the other Member; or 2.4.4 To permit either Member to undertake the conduct of any other business on behalf of the other Member. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Agreement, a Member shall not have any authority to act for, or to assume any obligation or responsibility on behalf of, the other Member or the Company. Neither Member shall have the right to borrow money or incur obligations on behalf of the Company, to use the credit of the other Member or of the Company for any purpose, or to pledge, assign or otherwise encumber the Assets, except as herein provided, without the prior written consent of the other Member. Each Member shall be responsible only for its obligations under this Agreement and shall be liable only for its share of the costs and expenses as provided in this Agreement. 2.5 Other Business Opportunities. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, each Member shall have the right to independently engage in and receive full benefits from business activities, whether or not competitive with Operations of the Company, without consulting the other. The doctrine of "corporate opportunity" or "business opportunity" shall not be applied to any other activity, venture or operation of either Member, and, except as otherwise provided in Article 14, neither Member shall have any obligation to the other with respect to any opportunity to acquire any property outside the Area of Interest at any time or within the Area of Interest after the termination of this Agreement. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, neither Member shall have any obligation to mill, beneficiate or otherwise treat any Products or the other Member's share of Products in any facility owned or controlled by the other Member. 2.6 Effective Date and Term. The Effective Date of this Agreement shall be the date first recited above. The term of this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue for twenty (20) years, unless (a) Mining or Environmental Compliance is ongoing, in which case the Agreement shall be extended from year to year so long as Mining or Environmental Compliance continues; or (b) the Agreement is earlier dissolved and terminated by the occurrence of any one of the conditions described in Section 13.1, in which case the Agreement shall continue in force only until all Assets have been salvaged and disposed of and a final accounting has been made between the Parties as provided in Section 13.3. 2.7 Termination of Rights to Assets. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, neither Member shall permit or cause all or any part of its interest in the Assets or -7- the Company to be sold, exchanged, encumbered, surrendered, abandoned, or otherwise terminated. 2.8 Registered Office. The initial registered office of the Company is as follows: Minera Andes Inc. 3303 N. Sullivan Road Spokane, WA 99216 Fax: (509) 921-7325 Phone: (509) 921-7322 2.9 Agent for Service of Process. The name and address of the agent for service of process of the Company shall be: Jerry R. Fish Stoel Rives LLP One University Square 600 University Street, Suite 3600 Seattle, WA 98101-3197 Fax: (206) 386-7500 Phone: (206) 624-0900 ARTICLE 3. CONTRIBUTIONS BY MEMBERS 3.1 Members' Initial Contributions. 3.1.1 Pegasus' Contribution. Pegasus' Initial Contribution shall be the contribution of its interest in the Property and all data about the Property in Pegasus' possession. This contribution shall be deemed made upon execution of this Agreement though Pegasus shall continue to hold legal title to the Property in trust for the Company. The value of Pegasus' Initial Contribution shall be deemed to be $ 325,000. During the Initial Contribution Period, Pegasus shall have no obligation to make any additional contributions for Operations, including but not limited to property acquisition. 3.1.2 Minera Andes' Contribution. (1) Minimum Obligation. Minera Andes' Initial Contribution shall be $ 1,300,000, which shall be contributed to the Company as follows: -8-
Contract Year Qualifying Expenditures Cash ------------- ----------------------- ---- 1997-1998 $ 200,000 $ 50,000 1998-1999 $ 300,000 $100,000 1999-2000 $ 400,000 $250,000
Of the above amounts, the Company shall distribute cash payments to Pegasus in the following amounts: (i) on the first anniversary of the Effective Date, $50,000; (ii) on the second anniversary of the Effective Date, $100,000; (iii) on the third anniversary of the Effective Date, $250,000. All other contributions shall be in the form of qualifying expenditures (as described in Section 3.1.2(2)). Qualifying expenditures made by Minera Andes during any Contract Year in excess of the amount set forth above for such Contract Year shall be carried over and credited toward satisfaction of Minera Andes' required expenditures for subsequent Contract Years. If Minera Andes fails to make its minimum contribution, as stated above, in any Contract Year, Minera Andes shall be deemed to have withdrawn and this Agreement shall terminate, as provided in Section 3.2.2. (2) Nature of Qualifying Expenses. Expenditures credited toward Minera Andes' Initial Contribution requirement shall include all direct project costs, leasehold payments and land-related costs, tax payments for cateos, if any, made directly by Pegasus and reimbursed by Minera Andes, costs of locating Claims within the Area of Interest, costs of acquiring any other interest in real property within the Area of Interest that becomes a part of the Property pursuant to Section 14.3 below, and all directly applicable personnel costs, including salaries, benefits and travel costs, but in each case, only to the extent such costs and expenditures are chargeable to the Joint Account in accordance with the provisions of Exhibit B. "Qualifying expenses" shall include any off-site administrative expenses, management fees and insurance costs incurred or charged by Operator during the Initial Contribution Period and subsequently provided that the amount of such expenses during the Initial Contribution Period shall not exceed 5% of all other qualifying expenses during the Initial Contribution Period. 3.2 Withdrawal During Initial Contribution Period. 3.2.1 Elective Withdrawal. During the Initial Contribution Period, Minera Andes may elect to withdraw as a Member from the Company and terminate the Agreement upon 30 days' written notice to Pegasus; provided, however, that such elective withdrawal shall not relieve Minera Andes of its obligation to fund and satisfy its share of liabilities to third persons arising out of the Operations conducted prior to Minera Andes' withdrawal and shall not relieve Minera Andes from 100% liability for all contracts unfulfilled at the time of Minera Andes' withdrawal and that were entered into by Minera Andes. Minera Andes shall return the property reclaimed in good condition and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. If Minera Andes has not incurred qualifying expenditures of $200,000 as of the date of withdrawal, Minera Andes shall pay any shortfall to Pegasus in cash; provided that Minera Andes shall have no obligation to make such payment if Pegasus has breached its title representations and warranties set forth in Section 10.2 and has not cured such default within -9- the time allowed under Section 10.5. Upon withdrawal under this Section 3.2.1 or under 3.2.2 below, Minera Andes shall convey to Pegasus any Assets held in Minera Andes' name or in the name of the Company, including, without limitation, Claims and water rights and all information relating to the Property. Minera Andes' obligations under Article 12 and Section 17.10 shall survive withdrawal. 3.2.2 Failure to Make Initial Contribution. If Minera Andes fails to make its Initial Contribution for any Contract Year as required by Section 3.1, Minera Andes shall be deemed to have withdrawn from the Company, and this Agreement shall terminate. Upon such event, Minera Andes shall have no further right, title or interest in the Assets of the Company. Minera Andes' withdrawal shall be effective upon such failure, but such withdrawal shall not: (1) relieve Minera Andes of its obligation to the Company to fund Operations in Contract Year 1997-1998 to $ 200,000; or (2) relieve Minera Andes of its responsibility to fund and satisfy its share of liabilities to third persons arising out of the Operations conducted prior to Minera Andes' withdrawal; or (3) relieve Minera Andes from 100% liability for all contracts unfilled at the time of Minera Andes' withdrawal and that were entered into by Minera Andes; or (4) relieve Minera Andes from its obligation to return the property reclaimed in good condition and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. If Minera Andes has not incurred qualifying expenditures of $200,000 as of the date of withdrawal, Minera Andes shall pay any shortfall to Pegasus in cash; provided that Minera Andes shall have no obligation to make such payment if Pegasus has breached its title representations and warranties set forth in Section 10.2 and has not cured such default within the time allowed under Section 11.3. 3.3 Additional Cash Contributions. After Minera Andes and Pegasus have completed their Initial Contributions, at the call of the Operator and with the approval of the Management Committee, if required by Section 5.5, the Members shall contribute funds for approved Programs in proportion to their respective Participating Interests, subject to the election permitted under Section 4.3. ARTICLE 4. INTERESTS OF MEMBERS 4.1 Initial Participating Interests. The Members shall have the following initial Participating Interests: Minera Andes 80% Pegasus 20% 4.2 Changes in Participating Interests. A Member's Participating Interest may be changed as follows: 4.2.1 After the completion of the Initial Contribution Period, upon an election by a Member pursuant to Section 4.3 not to contribute or to contribute less to an approved Program and Budget than the percentage reflected by its Participating Interest; or -10- 4.2.2 In the event of default by a Member in making its agreed-upon contribution to an approved Program and Budget, followed by an election by the other Member to invoke dilution as a remedy for default under Section 11.4.2; or 4.2.3 By conversion to a Production Royalty as provided in Section 4.8; or 4.3 Voluntary Reduction in Participation. After the completion of the Initial Contribution Period, a Member may elect to limit its contributions to an approved Program and Budget as follows: 4.3.1 To some lesser amount than in proportion to its Participating Interest; or 4.3.2 To no contribution at all for that Contract Year. The Participating Interest of that Member electing either Section 4.3.1 or 4.3.2 above shall be adjusted effective July 1 of the Contract Year in which the diluting Member will not make its full share of required contributions. A Member must make its election not to contribute to the next Contract Year's approved Program by written notice to the Operator within 60 days after the Program is approved by the Management Committee under Article 7. Said notice shall describe the portion of the Program that the Member elects not to fund. Failure to provide timely written notice shall be deemed an election to contribute in proportion to the Member's Participating Interest. 4.4 Dilution. If a Member elects not to contribute or to contribute a lesser amount than in proportion to its Participating Interest, the Participating Interest of that Member shall be adjusted to a percentage obtained by dividing (A) by (B) where (A) is the sum of (x), the value of the diluting Member's Initial Contribution, plus (y), the total of the diluting Member's contributions under Section 3.2, plus (z), the amount the diluting Member elects to contribute to the approved Program; and (B) is the sum of (r), the value of all the Parties' Initial Contributions, plus (s), the total of all the Parties' contributions under Section 3.2, plus (t), the total Budget for the approved Program; and then multiplying the quotient by 100 percent. That is: (A) x (100%) = [(x) + (y) + (z)] x (100%) = The diluting Member's --- --------------- (B) [(r) + (s) + (t)] Adjusted Participating Interest The Participating Interest of the nondiluting Member shall then be the difference between 100 percent and the diluting Member's adjusted Participating Interest. The nondiluting Member shall -11- then have the options described in Section 4.5. If the Company expends or incurs obligations of less than 80 percent of the Budget upon which the diluting Member made the election, the diluting Member may restore its Participating Interest pursuant to Section 4.6. 4.5 Rights of Nondiluting Member. If a Member elects a voluntary reduction in participation under Section 4.3, the nondiluting Member shall have 20 days from the date it receives notice of the election to decide whether it will fund all of the Program and Budget not funded by the diluting Member. The nondiluting Member may choose to: (1) fund the diluting Member's share of the Program and Budget, or (2) propose an alternative Program and Budget. Dilution under Section 4.4 shall occur only if the nondiluting Member chooses (1) above. No dilution shall occur if the nondiluting Member chooses (2) above. Any alternative Program and Budget proposed shall be considered a new program and budget subject to approval under Article 7 and a noncontribution election under Section 4.3. 4.6 Adjustment for Actual Expenditures--Restoration of Diluted Interests. Within 30 days after the conclusion of a Program and Budget with respect to which a Member's Participating Interest was diluted under Section 4.4, the Operator shall report to the diluting Member the total amount of money expended plus the total obligations incurred by the Operator for the Budget upon which the diluting Member made the election under Section 4.3. 4.6.1 If the Operator expended or incurred obligations of 80 percent or more of the Budget, the Members' Participating Interests shall not be readjusted. 4.6.2 If the Operator expended or incurred obligations of less than 80 percent of the Budget, within 30 days of receiving the Operator's report on expenditures, the diluting Member may notify the nondiluting Member of its election to reimburse the nondiluting Member for the diluting Member's proportionate share (at the diluting Member's former Participating Interest) of the actual amount expended or incurred for the Program. The diluting Member shall meet the nondiluting Member's cash calls in addition to its own under Section 9.2 for the succeeding Contract Years' Programs and Budgets until an amount of cash equivalent to the diluting Member's proportionate share (at the diluting Member's former Participating Interest) of the actual amount expended or incurred for the Program has been contributed. Such reimbursement shall restore and maintain the Participating Interest of the diluting Member that existed prior to the election under Section 4.3. Restoration of the diluting Member's Participating Interest shall be effective as of the date provided in Section 4.3. If the diluting Member does not elect to restore its Participating Interest, the Members' Participating Interests shall be readjusted pursuant to Section 4.6.1 above. 4.7 Default in Making Contributions. Unless a Member makes a timely election under Article 7 and Section 4.3 to not contribute funds to an approved Program and Budget, such Member shall be in default if it fails to contribute and the provisions of Article 11 shall apply. -12- 4.8 Conversion to Production Royalty. Upon the reduction of its Participating Interest to less than 20 percent, a Member shall be deemed to have withdrawn as a Member from the Company and shall relinquish its entire Participating Interest. Such relinquished Participating Interest shall be deemed to have accrued automatically to the other Member. Upon such relinquishment of a Member's Participating Interest, that Member shall promptly execute assignments and documents to transfer its Participating Interest to the other Member and shall receive a Royalty Deed from the Company substantially in the form attached as Exhibit D. Once a Member's Participating Interest has been reduced to less than 20 percent, that Member shall have no right to elect to reimburse the nondiluting Member under Section 4.6.2 above. 4.9 Continuing Rights and Liabilities upon Adjustments of Participating Interests. Any reduction of a Member's Participating Interest under this Article 4 shall not relieve such Member of its share of any liability, whether said liability accrues before or after such reduction, arising out of Operations conducted prior to such reduction. For purposes of this Article 4, such Member's share of such liability shall be equal to its Participating Interest at the time such liability was incurred. The increased Participating Interest accruing to a Member as a result of the reduction of the other Member's Participating Interest shall be free of royalties, liens, or other encumbrances arising by, through or under such other Member, other than those existing at the time the Property was acquired or those to which both Members have given their written consent. Any reduction of a Member's Participating Interest shall not affect such Member's right, title, and interest in any work in process as of the date the reduction in Participating Interest is effective. ARTICLE 5. MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE 5.1 Organization and Composition. The Members shall conduct the Company through a Management Committee, which shall determine overall policies, objectives, procedures, methods, and actions under this Agreement. The Management Committee shall be composed of two Managers appointed by Pegasus and two Managers appointed by Minera Andes. Each Member may appoint one or more alternates to act in the absence of the regular Managers. Any alternate so acting shall be deemed to be a Manager. Appointments shall be made or changed by written notice to the other Member. Each Member may bring such technical and other advisors as it deems appropriate to all Management Committee meetings. 5.2 Decisions. Each Member, acting through its appointed members, shall have a vote on the Management Committee equal to its Participating Interest, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement. Each Member's vote may be exercised by a Manager appointed by the Member or, in his absence, by his alternate. Except as specifically provided below, decisions made by the Management Committee shall be by majority vote. 5.3 Meetings. The Management Committee shall hold regular meetings at least semi-annually. Meetings shall be held at any mutually agreed place. The Operator shall give 30 days' notice to the other Member of regular meetings. Either Member may call a special meeting upon 10 days' notice to the other Member. In case of emergency, reasonable notice of -13- a special meeting shall suffice. A quorum for any meeting shall consist of one Manager representing each Member; except that if one Member fails to attend two consecutive properly called meetings for the purpose of preventing any action from being taken at such meeting, then a quorum shall consist of the members representing the other Member, and such Member's vote shall be considered a majority vote for the purposes of the conduct of all business properly noticed and not requiring a unanimous vote. Each meeting notice shall include an itemized agenda prepared by the Operator in the case of a regular meeting, or by the Member calling the meeting in the case of a special meeting, but any matters may be considered if either Member adds the matter to the agenda by notice to the other Member at least 48 hours before the meeting. Each notice shall include a copy of any document as to which action is to be taken. Supplemental information may be requested by either Member. Notice may be waived by the written consent of the Management Committee Managers. The Operator shall prepare minutes of all meetings and shall distribute copies of the minutes to the Members within 30 days after the meeting. Each Member shall return to the Operator signed minutes or specific objections within 20 days of receipt. If the Operator does not receive signed minutes or objections within such period, approval shall be deemed. If an objection to the minutes is received and not resolved by the Members within 30 days, a meeting of the Management Committee shall be called at which time the minutes in dispute shall again be considered and final minutes shall be agreed upon. The minutes, when signed by both Members, shall be the official record of the decisions made by the Management Committee and shall be binding on the Operator and the Members. If personnel employed in Operations are required by the Management Committee to attend a Management Committee meeting, reasonable costs incurred in connection with such attendance shall be Company costs. All other costs shall be paid for by the Members individually. 5.4 Action Without Meeting. In lieu of meetings, the Management Committee may hold telephone conferences, so long as minutes of such meetings are immediately distributed to the Members and signed by the Managers on the Management Committee. The Management Committee, in lieu of deciding any matter at a meeting or by telephone conference, may act by instrument in writing signed by each Manager on the Management Committee. 5.5 Management Committee Duties. 5.5.1 Matters Requiring Approval. Except as otherwise delegated to the Operator in Section 6.2, the Management Committee shall have exclusive authority to determine all management matters related to this Agreement, including but not limited to approving Programs and Budgets and approving plans or standards for distribution of Company cash and selection of the Operator, provided, however, that if a transfer of the Operator's entire interest in the Company is made to an Affiliate under Article 16, the Affiliate may become the Operator without the approval of the Management Committee. 5.5.2 Matters Requiring Unanimous Approval. The Management Committee shall be responsible for approving the following actions by the Company, all of which shall require the unanimous approval of all members of the Management Committee: -14- (1) Acquisition or disposition of any asset of the Company, the acquisition or disposition of which would materially impair or change the conduct of the ordinary business of the Company as contemplated by this Agreement. (2) Acquisition of any interest in real property outside of the Area of Interest or disposition of any portion of the Property within the Area of Interest. (3) Except as provided in Sections 6.2.3 and 6.2.12, a call for contribution from the Members not previously approved as part of a Program and Budget pursuant to Article 7 hereof. (4) Any settlement or adjustment of any suit or claim involving Company Assets for an amount in excess of $25,000; provided, however, that a Member withholding consent to any such settlement or adjustment shall be solely responsible for all amounts subsequently paid in settlement, in adjustment or on any judgment of such claim or suit in excess of the amount for which consent was withheld, plus all attorneys' fees incurred by the Company because of such claim or suit after the date consent was withheld. (5) Any subsequent changes in the definition of the authority and responsibilities of the Operator described in Section 6.2. (6) Approval of any revisions in the Accounting Procedure set forth in Exhibit B. (7) Except for Development authorized under Sections 7.3.5 or 7.3.7, the assumption, guarantee or approval of the incurrence of any obligation for borrowed money on behalf of or in the name of the Company (including without limitation (i) any obligation owed for all or any part of the purchase price of property or other assets or for the cost of property or other assets constructed or of improvements, other than accounts payable included in current liabilities and incurred in respect of property purchased in the ordinary course of business, and (ii) any obligation for borrowed money secured by any encumbrance in respect of the Company, even though the Company has not assumed or become liable for the payment of such obligation). (8) Except for Development authorized under Sections 7.3.5 or 7.3.7, entering into any lease of personal property on behalf of or in the name of the Company having a term (including without limitation terms of renewal or extension at the option of the lessor or lessee, whether or not such option has been exercised) of more than two years or entering into any lease of property on behalf of or in the name of the Company that in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles should be capitalized on the balance sheet of the Company. -15- (9) Making any investment not in the ordinary course of business, whether by stock purchase, capital contribution, loan or advance or by purchase of property or otherwise, on behalf of or in the name of the Company. (10) Selling any notes or accounts receivable of the Company with recourse, at a discount or otherwise for less than the fair market value thereof. (11) Except pursuant to a Member's right under Section 7.3.2, undertaking a Feasibility Study. (12) Except pursuant to a Member's right under Section 7.3.7, commencing Production. ARTICLE 6. OPERATOR 6.1 Appointment. The Members appoint Minera Andes as the Operator with overall management responsibility for Operations. Minera Andes agrees to serve until it resigns, is replaced, or is deemed to have resigned as provided in Section 6.6. If Development is authorized under Section 7.3.5, Minera Andes shall be appointed Operator for the designated Development Area under a Successor Limited Liability Company Agreement pursuant to Section 7.3.4 and Minera Andes shall remain the Operator of the Property that has not been designated as a Development Area. If a unilateral Development commitment is deemed approved as provided in Section 7.3.7, then the Member proposing such commitment shall be the Operator for the Development Area designated in the Feasibility Study upon which the commitment is based. If the Operator transfers all or part of its interest in or to the Agreement pursuant to Section 16.1 and following such transfer the Operator's Participating Interest is less than 50 percent (50%), then the Member that is not one of the parties to the transfer shall become the Operator. The Members direct the Operator to perform, and the Operator agrees to perform, the duties of Operator of the Company subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. The Members agree that at all times the Operator shall be the agent of the Company for conducting Operations on behalf of the Company and for the performance of such other duties as are imposed on the Operator by the Members under or pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement. The Operator shall consult freely with the Management Committee. 6.2 Powers and Duties of Operator. Subject to the terms and provisions of this Agreement, and to the supervision and direction of the Management Committee, the Operator shall have the powers and duties to: 6.2.1 Manage, direct, and control all Operations in accordance with approved Programs and Budgets and in accordance with the other provisions of this Agreement. 6.2.2 Take all actions, perform all duties and make or incur such expenditures as are required to maintain the titles and interests of the Company in and to the Property, including, without limitation, the payment of all taxes (subject to the provisions of this -16- Agreement for payment of such taxes by Pegasus during the Initial Contribution Period, with subsequent reimbursement by Minera Andes), royalties, rentals and other amounts required to be paid with respect to the Property. 6.2.3 Arrange for and carry out Operations on and with respect to the Property, including but not limited to obtaining such competent consultants, technicians, agents and independent contractors as may be required and purchasing and selling such materials, supplies, equipment and services as may be required in connection with Operations and entering into such contracts as may be necessary in connection therewith. As to Operations conducted pursuant to an approved Program and Budget, the Operator may not exceed an approved Budget of less than $1,000,000 by an amount of more than ten percent nor an approved Budget equal to or greater than $1,000,000 by an amount of more than five percent without the prior approval of the Management Committee. Equipment shall be sold by the Operator only if it meets all of the following criteria: (1) It is no longer required for Operations; and (2) It has a fair market value of $20,000 or less; and (3) The fair market value equals or exceeds the net book value of the equipment. Any other sales of equipment must be specifically approved by the Management Committee as part of a Program and Budget. 6.2.4 Hire, transfer, or discharge from its own personnel all executive and other employees required for the Company. All employees shall be employees of the Operator or one of its Affiliates and not employees of the Company. 6.2.5 Locate additional Claims (including without limitation federal and provincial) and acquire additional prospecting sites and maintain and protect the Claims and the Assets in connection with Operations and manage and supervise work, services and other activities to maintain the Property in good standing and, to the extent provided in a Program, perfect Mining rights, including but not limited to acquiring access rights, surface rights, water rights, Claims, leases of Claims, mineral rights and other appurtenant rights and interests necessary for Operations and performing and filing all work required to maintain all Claims under Argentinean (including without limitation federal and provincial) legal requirements. 6.2.6 Protect the interests of the Members in connection with the valuation by public authorities for tax purposes of the Property and Assets. 6.2.7 Prepare and file (or cause to be prepared and filed) with governmental authorities all tax and other reports required by law to be filed by either of the Members or the Company and disburse funds for all taxes and other governmental charges, other than taxes on -17- or measured by net income, that are imposed on the Members by virtue of their conduct of the Operations. 6.2.8 Secure and maintain in full force and effect at all times in financially sound and reputable insurers, for the benefit and at the expense of the Company, (a) all workers' compensation or similar insurance as may be required under the laws of any jurisdiction, (b) public liability insurance in the amount of $2,000,000 for personal injury, death or property damage suffered upon, in or about any premises owned or occupied by the Company or occurring as a result of the ownership, maintenance or operation by the Company of any automobile, truck or other vehicle, or as a result of the use of products manufactured, constructed or sold by the Company, or services rendered by the Company, and (c) such other insurance as required by the Management Committee. Insurance specified in clauses (b) and (c) above shall be maintained in such amounts (and with co-insurance and deductibles) as required by the Management Committee. The Operator shall name the Non-Operator as an additional insured on all policies and shall provide the Non-Operator with certificates of such insurance on the Effective Date, annually thereafter, and at such other times as may be reasonably requested by the Non-Operator. 6.2.9 Conduct Operations in compliance with all applicable statutes, regulations, and orders of Argentinean governmental bodies (including federal, provincial, and local bodies), including but not limited to those relating to safety requirements, working conditions, workers' compensation, employee benefits, environmental protection and mine reclamation, and secure all licenses, permits and approvals necessary for Operations. The Operator shall not be in default of this provision during any period in which the Operator is in good faith contesting an alleged violation so long as the violation occurred in spite of the Operator's good faith efforts to comply and the Operator timely cures through appropriate performance or payment of assessed fines or penalties. 6.2.10 Keep full and accurate records and accounts of all transactions entered into on behalf of the Members and of all Company costs and of all funds disbursed by it or under its direction in accordance with the Accounting Procedure. 6.2.11 Prepare and distribute to each Member reports on Operations and finances in accordance with Article 8. 6.2.12 Prepare and maintain minutes of all Management Committee meetings and related correspondence. 6.2.13 In case of emergency, take any action the Operator deems necessary to protect life, limb or property, to protect the Assets or to comply with law or government regulation as provided in Section 7.1.5. 6.2.14 Notify the Management Committee of any material event or action affecting Operations as soon as possible following such event or action. -18- 6.2.15 The Operator shall not be in default of its duties under this Section 6.2 if its failure to perform is caused by the failure of the Non-Operator to perform acts or make contributions required of it by this Agreement. 6.3 Transactions with Affiliates. If the Operator engages Affiliates to provide services hereunder, it shall do so on terms no less favorable to the Company than would be the case with unrelated persons in arm's-length transactions. 6.4 Standard of Care and Liability. The Operator shall conduct and manage the Operations and perform all of its obligations as Operator in a workmanlike and commercially reasonable manner in accordance with sound geological, engineering, Mining and processing methods and practices using its prudent business judgment for the benefit of both Members. The Operator shall indemnify and hold each Member and the Company harmless from all losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including attorneys' fees, arising out of any act or omission related to the responsibilities of the Operator that is done or undertaken in bad faith or that results from the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Operator or breach of this Agreement by the Operator; provided that such indemnity shall not extend to any breach of this Agreement or other matter arising out of an act or omission of the Operator, its employees, contractors or other agents that is judged to be negligence but not gross negligence or willful misconduct. 6.5 Compensation of Operator. The Members agree that the Operator shall be advanced funds or reimbursed for Company costs as provided in Article 8 and in accordance with the Accounting Procedure (Exhibit B). 6.6 Resignation, Removal or Change of Operator. The Operator shall be deemed to have resigned from its duties and obligations upon the occurrence of any of the following events: 6.6.1 On the date 120 days after tender of written notice to the Management Committee of its desire to resign as Operator; 6.6.2 By transfer of all or part of the Operator's interest in the Company to the Non-Operator or a third party, except as to a transfer to an Affiliate permitted by Section 3.1, which shall not be deemed to be a resignation; 6.6.3 If the Operator defaults in any of its duties and obligations under this Agreement and does not cure such default or begin to cure such default in accordance with Section 6.8 after receipt of written notice of such default from the Non-Operator; 6.6.4 By the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, insolvency or termination of the Operator's corporate existence; -19- 6.6.5 By removal of the Operator by a majority vote of the Management Committee; 6.6.6 By the elimination under Section 4.8 of the Operator's Participating Interest; or 6.6.7 By a default of the Operator as a Member pursuant to Section 11.1 that is not cured or begun to be cured, to the extent cure is permitted by this Agreement, in accordance with Section 11.3 after receipt of written notice of such default under Section 11.2. In the event the Operator has been deemed to have resigned, the Management Committee may select a new Operator; provided, however, that a non-party to this Agreement may not serve as Operator without the unanimous consent of all Managers on the Management Committee. If the Operator is in default under Section 6.8 below or under Section 11.1, the Non-Operator shall choose the Operator (which can include the Non-Operator itself). The resigning Operator shall not be relieved of its duties sooner than 120 days from the date of resignation, unless the Management Committee, by vote, not including the vote of the Operator, waives this time period in writing. The Operator, upon ceasing to act as Operator, shall deliver to its successor custody of all Assets, including but not limited to the real and personal property records and books. A successor Operator shall have the rights and obligations of the Operator pursuant to this Agreement. 6.7 Change of Operator--Development. If a unilateral Development commitment is made under Section 7.3.7, the Operator shall change as provided in Section 6.1. The existing Operator shall deliver to the new Operator all Assets, including but not limited to the real and personal property records and books, as they relate to the Development Area. The new Operator shall be responsible for preparing the Development Program and Budget pursuant to Section 7.3.12. 6.8 Operator's Default and Remedies of Non-Operator. 6.8.1 Notice. Failure of the Operator to perform any material obligation imposed upon it under this Article 6 shall constitute an event of default by the Operator in its capacity as Operator. The Non-Operator shall have the right to give the Operator a Notice of Default, which shall be in writing, shall set forth the nature of the default, and shall, if the default is curable, set forth the date by which such default must be cured or by which such cure shall be initiated, which date shall be at least 30 days after receipt of Notice of Default, except in the case of a failure to make payments to third parties, in which case the date shall be 10 days after receipt of such Notice of Default and except as to Sections 6.6.2, 6.6.4, and 6.6.6, as to which there will be no cure period. Failure of the Non-Operator to give any such notice shall not release the Operator from any of its obligations under this Agreement. -20- 6.8.2 Opportunity to Cure. If within 30 days after receipt of the Notice of Default (or 10 days if the default is a failure to make payments to third parties) the Operator cures such default, or if the failure is one that cannot be corrected within 30 days but can be corrected within a reasonable period of time and the Operator begins correction of such failure to perform within such 30 days and continues corrective efforts with reasonable diligence until a cure is effected, the Notice of Default shall be inoperative, and the Operator shall lose no rights hereunder. If, within such specified period, the Operator does not cure such default, or if within such specified period the Operator notifies the Non-Operator that it disputes the existence of the alleged default and the Operator shall not have commenced correction of the default within a specified period after a final nonappealable decision by a court of law that the Operator was in default, the Non-Operator at the expiration of such period, or upon notice where no cure period is allowed, shall have the rights hereinafter specified. 6.8.3 Rights of Non-Operator. If the Operator within said 30-day period (or 10-day period) does not cure such default or begin to cure such default, the Operator shall be deemed to have resigned pursuant to Section 6.6.3 and shall be replaced as provided in Section 6.6. The Non-Operator may seek to recover any damages sustained as a result of the Operator's breach of its obligations hereunder. The Operator shall be and remain liable for any and all damages sustained by the Non-Operator as a result of any such breach of its obligations hereunder, except that no default by the Operator shall affect its rights and obligations hereunder as a Member (the Non-Operator may also seek any other remedy now or hereafter provided at law or in equity including the right to specific performance) and each and every power and remedy of the Non-Operator may be exercised from time to time and simultaneously and as often and in such order as the Non-Operator may deem expedient. All such powers and remedies shall be cumulative, and the exercise of one shall not be deemed a waiver of the right to exercise any other or others. No delay or omission in the exercise of any such power or remedy shall impair any such power or remedy or shall be construed to be a waiver of any default or an acquiescence in such default. ARTICLE 7. PROGRAMS AND BUDGETS 7.1 In General. 7.1.1 Operations Pursuant to Programs and Budgets. Operations shall be conducted, expenses shall be incurred, and Assets shall be acquired only pursuant to approved Programs and Budgets. 7.1.2 Content of Programs and Budgets. Each annual Program and Budget shall describe in reasonable detail the full nature and extent of the proposed Operations, including, if applicable to that Contract Year, geologic research and reconnaissance to be undertaken; real property acquisition proposals; proposed drilling activities; proposed regulatory permit applications; proposed engineering studies and Mining and Construction plans; a long-range plan for the Mining of all minable reserves that logically would be mined at the same time or in sequence with the first scheduled mine under good mining practices; the kind and capacity -21- of any plant or milling facilities to be acquired or constructed; a plan for refining of mineral concentrates; and the estimated period of time required to complete the proposed Operations. The Program and Budget shall also include, if applicable, all anticipated costs and expenses, including but not limited to operation and maintenance expenditures, capital expenditures, working capital requirements, a statement of expected cash calls and the annual and other rentals, filing fees or other payments required to maintain the Property in good standing during the Contract Year, and all anticipated distributions of Products. Each request for funds to acquire capital items shall include a detailed description of such items, including but not limited to equipment or construction specifications. If applicable, each Program and Budget shall also include monthly production schedules and forecasts, cost estimates and budgets in sufficient detail to accord with industry standards. The Program and Budget for the first year of the term of this Agreement is attached hereto as Exhibit E. 7.1.3 Presentation of Programs and Budgets. Proposed Programs and Budgets shall be prepared by the Operator and shall be for one Contract Year except that the Program and Budget for Development may extend over several years. 7.1.4 Budget Overruns; Program Changes. The Operator shall immediately notify the Management Committee of any material departure from an approved Program and Budget. If the Operator exceeds an approved Budget of less than $1,000,000 by more than ten percent, or an approved Budget equal to or greater than $1,000,000 by more than five percent, then the excess over such percentage, unless directly caused by an emergency or unexpected expenditure made pursuant to Section 7.1.5 or unless otherwise authorized by the Management Committee, shall be for the sole account of the Operator and such excess shall not be included in the calculation of the Participating Interests pursuant to Section 4.4. Budget overruns of less than the above percentages shall be borne by the Company as of the beginning of the Contract Year covered by the then current Program and Budget. 7.1.5 Emergency or Unexpected Expenditures. In case of emergency, the Operator may take any action it deems necessary to protect life, limb or property, to protect the Assets, or to comply with law or government regulation. In the case of an emergency, the Operator shall promptly notify the Members of the emergency by telephone, telex, or other electronic communication, and the Operator shall be reimbursed therefor by the Members in proportion to each Member's respective Participating Interest as of the beginning of the Contract Year covered by the then current Program and Budget. 7.2 Initial Contribution Period and Exploration Period. 7.2.1 Review and Approval. The Operator shall, on or before May 15 of each year during the Initial Contribution Period and the Exploration Period, submit in writing to each Manager on the Management Committee a proposed Program for Operations during the next Contract Year. During the Exploration Period, semi-annual Management Committee meetings shall be held during the first week of September and the first week of April. Within 10 days after receipt of the Operator's proposed Program and Budget, the Non-Operator may propose -22- modifications to the Operator's proposal or alternatives to the proposed Program and Budget. At the annual meeting, the Management Committee shall consider the proposed Program and Budget and any suggested modifications or alternatives. If the Non-Operator proposes a modification or alternative, then the Management Committee shall seek to develop a Program and Budget acceptable to both Members. The Management Committee shall then vote to approve or reject a Program and Budget. 7.2.2 Minera Andes' Vote Controls During Initial Contribution Period. During the Initial Contribution Period, the vote of Minera Andes on Programs and Budgets shall be controlling, subject to the provisions of Section 5.5.2 on matters requiring unanimous approval; provided, that (a) if the Initial Contribution will be completed before the Program and Budget for that Contract Year is completed, Pegasus shall have full voting rights on any expenditures beyond those required to complete the Initial Contribution; and (b) a Program and Budget for the accomplishment of Development under an approved Feasibility Study shall be approved only as set forth in Section 7.3.5. 7.2.3 Activities During Deadlock--Exploration Period. If the Management Committee for any reason fails to approve a Program and Budget on or before July 1 of any Contract Year during the Exploration Period, the then-proposed or alternative Program and Budget (whether submitted by the Operator or another Member) proposing the larger Exploration Budget shall be deemed to be approved. 7.2.4 Election to Participate--Exploration Period. By notice to the Management Committee within 30 days after the final vote approving a Program and Budget by the Management Committee during the Exploration Period, a Member may elect to contribute to such Program and Budget: (1) In proportion to its Participating Interest as of the beginning of the Contract Year covered thereby; or (2) To some lesser extent than in proportion to its Participating Interest; or (3) Not at all, as provided in Section 4.3. If a Member elects (2) or (3) above, the Members' Participating Interests shall be adjusted pursuant to Section 4.4. If within such 30-day period a Member fails to notify the Management Committee in writing of an election not to contribute to a Program and Budget, such Member shall be deemed to have agreed to contribute funds to such Program and Budget in proportion to its Participating Interest. 7.3 Feasibility Study and Development. -23- 7.3.1 Preparation. At the request of the Management Committee, or at the request of either Member and with the approval of the Management Committee, the Operator shall conduct or have conducted a Feasibility Study as a part of an approved Program and Budget and upon conclusion submit a written report to the Management Committee evaluating the commercial potential of any mineral deposit lying in one or more areas within the Property. A Feasibility Study will conclude with a recommendation to commence Development, conduct further Exploration, or take such other action as the preparer deems appropriate. The cost of preparing such study shall be charged to the Company Account. 7.3.2 Nonconsent Study. If either Member requests the Management Committee to direct the Operator to prepare a Feasibility Study when, in the reasonable, good faith opinion of such Member, sufficient geological and metallurgical testing has been completed to justify preparation of a Feasibility Study, and if the Management Committee fails or refuses to direct that such study be prepared, then that Member may prepare and submit a Feasibility Study to the Management Committee, which shall be referred to as a "nonconsent study." The cost of preparing such study shall be for the account of the Member preparing the study, unless the Development proposed by the study is subsequently authorized by the Management Committee, in which event 150% of the cost of preparing such study shall be paid to such Member and charged to the Joint Account. If the other Member chooses not to contribute at all to Operations under a nonconsent Feasibility Study that is authorized or deemed authorized, 150% of the cost of preparing the Feasibility Study shall be added to the denominator of the formula in Section 4.4 in calculating the noncontributing Member's adjusted Participating Interest pursuant to Section 7.3.9(2). 7.3.3 Review. The first Feasibility Study submitted shall be designated the "initial Feasibility Study," whether prepared under Section 7.3.1 or 7.3.2. Within 90 days after submission of the initial Feasibility Study, the Member that did not prepare it may prepare or have prepared an alternative Feasibility Study, which shall be presented to the Management Committee within such 90-day period. The cost of preparing such study shall be for the account of the Member preparing the study, unless the Development proposed by the study is subsequently authorized by the Management Committee, in which event 150% of the cost of preparing such study shall be paid to such Member and charged to the Joint Account. Any such alternative Feasibility Study shall be considered by the Management Committee along with the initial Feasibility Study. The Management Committee shall also have the right to direct the Operator to perform additional work or to otherwise revise any Feasibility Study. If the initial Feasibility Study or any alternative Feasibility Study recommends that Development commence, the Management Committee will meet within 180 days after submission of the initial Feasibility Study and consider whether to authorize such Development pursuant to Section 7.3.6. 7.3.4 Notice of Development Proposal. If a Feasibility Study or any alternative Feasibility Study recommends that Development commence, any Member may request the Management Committee to commence Development on a proposed Development Area if: -24- (1) Notice of the request is furnished to each Member at least 45 days before the meeting of the Management Committee at which the request is to be considered; and (2) If such Feasibility Study was completed more than one year before the date of such meeting, an addendum, prepared as of a date not more than 90 days before the date of such meeting, updating all information contained in the Feasibility Study affected by the time delay has been distributed to all Members. 7.3.5 Authorization of Development by Management Committee. The Management Committee will meet and consider any request made under Section 7.3.4 or any Feasibility Study recommending Development proposed under Section 7.3.3 and may, if Members holding not less than 75 percent of total Participating Interests concur, authorize Development, provided that unless the Management Committee otherwise determines, the Development so approved will require commencement of construction within one year's time and will be based upon a timetable for completion of Development within four years' time. Prompt notice of such authorization will be given to each Member that did not vote in favor of Development. 7.3.6 Commitments upon Management Committee Authorization. Each Member that votes in favor of commencing Development will be deemed to have committed to participate in placing the Development Area into production at a rate of participation not less than its Participating Interest plus, pro rata to its share of the Participating Interests of the Members that joined in the authorization, a proportionate amount of the Participating Interest of any Member that, having voted against the Development authorized under Section 7.3.5, elects not to participate, or to participate at a reduced rate, but not less, in any event, than a 20 percent Participating Interest. 7.3.7 Unilateral Development Commitment. Any Member holding not less than a 20 percent Participating Interest may commit to Development of a proposed Development Area if: (1) Within six months before the date of the commitment, authorization of Development on the proposed Development Area was considered by the Management Committee pursuant to Section 7.3.5, but was not given; (2) The commitment contains (i) an undertaking by it, alone or with one or more other Members, to commence Development within one year's time, (ii) a timetable for completion of Development, which will be not more than four years from the date of commitment, and (iii) the budget for such Development; (3) If any Feasibility Study that recommended Development commence was completed more than one year before the date of such commitment, an addendum thereto, prepared as of a date not more than 90 days before the date of such commitment, updating all -25- information contained in the Feasibility Study affected by the time delay has been distributed to all Members; and (4) There is furnished to all Members a commitment letter from one or more banks confirming that on the basis of such Feasibility Study such bank or banks will lend to the Members on a project finance basis, and at prevailing interest rates for major construction projects in Argentina, amounts, to be secured by first mortgage liens on the interests of the Members in the Development Area, aggregating not less than 90 percent of the capital cost to place the Property into production and that no deficiency or other guarantees will be required except for completion guarantees providing for overrun financing and timely completion of the project on terms customarily contained in project finance completion guarantees. If more than one Member makes a unilateral commitment to Development of a proposed Development Area, the commitment proposing the larger budget shall be the commitment to which other Members subscribe, as provided below. The commitment will be delivered to all Members, and upon delivery each Member subscribing will, subject to Section 7.3.10, be obliged, subject to force majeure, to place the proposed Development Area into production in accordance with the Feasibility Study and the timetable for completion submitted to the Members, but nothing will oblige any Member to borrow from or give security to any person, including any bank referred to in subsection (d) above. 7.3.8 Designation of Development Area. If Development is authorized under Section 7.3.5 or if Development is deemed to be authorized under Section 7.3.7, then the Management Committee shall designate part of the Property covered by such study as a Development Area. If any Development Area is designated that includes less than all of the Property, this Agreement shall be modified to exclude the Development Area. After completion of the Initial Contribution Period, each Development Area designated shall be transferred to a Successor Company, the interests in which shall be distributed to the Members according to their respective Participating Interests in this Agreement as of the date of distribution. The Members shall execute, with respect to the Successor Company, a limited liability company agreement substantially in the form of this Agreement and agree upon a method of allocating the total income and expenses under this Agreement between the Company and each Successor Company. The Operator shall serve as operator for the Successor Company. If a Development Area appears likely to be the only or the last Development Area to be designated within the Area of Interest, it shall not be contributed to a Successor Company but shall be developed under the terms of this Agreement. Then, if another Development Area is later designated, it shall be contributed to a Successor Company. 7.3.9 Participation in Development Commitment. In case of -26- (1) Development authorized under Section 7.3.5, each Member that did not vote in favor will, during a period of 120-days after the authorization; or (2) A unilateral Development commitment under Section 7.3.7, each Member other than Members referred to in subsection 7.3.7(2) will, during a period of 120- days after delivery of such commitment; have the right, subject to Section 7.3.10, to elect to participate in such Development, either at the rate of its Participating Interest or at a reduced rate, but not less, in any event, than a 20 percent Participating Interest. When a reduced rate of participation is elected, the Member must contribute to all expenditures in proportion to the Participating Interest then elected, but if the Member's Participating Interest is reduced to less than 20 percent, Section 4.8 will apply. A Member that fails to make any timely election under this Section 7.3.9 will be deemed to have elected not to participate in the proposed Development. 7.3.10 Adjustment of Participating Interests. If fewer than all Members elect to participate in Development under Section 7.3.6 or 7.3.9, the Members that voted in favor of Development under Section 7.3.5, or that joined in the commitment pursuant to Section 7.3.7, as the case may be, will, pro rata to their Participating Interests, increase their respective Participating Interests in the Development Program and Budget for the implementation of the Feasibility Study such that the Participating Interests in such Program and Budget of all Members will total 100 percent. 7.3.11 Development Budget and Operations. As soon as reasonably practicable after Development is authorized or deemed authorized under Sections 7.3.6 or 7.3.9, and in no event later than 30 days prior to commencement of Development work, the Operator shall submit to the Management Committee: (a) a Program and Budget, based upon the Feasibility Study, for the accomplishment of the Development together with a Program and Budget for the period commencing on the date of such submission and ending on the next following June 30, and (b) long-term projections with respect to development, construction, maintenance and operation of the project. At any time prior to commencement of Development, the Management Committee shall have the right, with unanimous consent and upon consultation with the Operator, to make revisions in such Development Program and Budget that are not at substantial variance with the Feasibility Study. At the time of submission of the Program and Budget as provided above, the Operator shall report on bids obtained for accomplishment of the Development work (i.e., plant construction, major equipment purchases, etc.). On or before April 25 of each year during the Construction Period, the Operator shall submit to the Management Committee a proposed Program and Budget for the following Contract Year, together with any necessary revisions to the long-term projections with respect to development, construction, maintenance and operation of the project. The Operator shall call a meeting of the Management Committee not earlier than May 20 and no later than June 15 of each year for the purpose of considering the Program and Budget. Such Program and Budget, as modified and approved by the Management Committee, shall constitute the Program and -27- Budget for the Company for the following Contract Year. All Members shall contribute in proportion to their respective Participating Interest. As provided in Sections 7.3.6 and 7.3.9, once a Member elects to participate in Development to any extent, it shall be liable to contribute to all costs and obligations of Development to the extent of its initial election with no further elections or opportunity to reduce its Participating Interest until Mining commences, except as provided in Section 7.3.13. 7.3.12 Restoration of Participating Interest. (1) If one Member elects to reduce its participation in Development under Section 7.3.6 or 7.3.9 and has its Participating Interest adjusted pursuant to Section 4.4, and if the nondiluting Member has not commenced Development consistent with the Feasibility Study within one year from the effective date of the adjustment of the diluting Member's Participating Interest, then the Participating Interest of the diluting Member shall be restored to its level before the adjustment, effective as of the effective date of the first adjustment. No further work shall be conducted, except to maintain and protect the Property, until a new or revised Feasibility Study has been prepared and Development has been authorized pursuant to this Section 7.3. As used in this Section 7.3.12, the phrase "commence Development" shall mean expending and contractually committing to expend either (i) 50 percent of the first 12 months' Development Budget or (ii) ten percent of the total cost of Development as projected in the approved Feasibility Study. (2) If the nondiluting Member timely commences Development but later ceases Development prior to completion, and such cessation continues for more than six months, exclusive of any period of cessation attributable to force majeure, the nondiluting Member shall not resume Development, except to maintain and protect the Property, until a new or revised Feasibility Study has been prepared and Development has been authorized pursuant to this Section 7.3. The diluting Member's Participating Interest shall be restored to its level prior to the adjustment based on the Feasibility Study just abandoned. (3) If a new or revised Feasibility Study is prepared and approved following a failure to commence or a cessation of Development under Section 7.3.12(1) or 7.3.12(2) above, any amounts paid by the nondiluting Member under the earlier Feasibility Study for Development prior to cessation that are of benefit to the Operations under the new Feasibility Study as determined by the Management Committee shall be credited to the nondiluting Member's account, and that Member shall have no obligation to bear any further costs until the amounts spent by the Members on all Development (under either Feasibility Study) are in proportion to their Participating Interests. 7.3.13 Cost Increases and Price Declines. If bids submitted for Development work result in cost increases of more than 25 percent above the approved Feasibility Study estimates, or if the spot price of the commodity planned to be developed drops more than 25 percent below the previous Contract Year's average price for a period of 180 days or more, the Operator shall immediately notify the Management Committee in writing. The Management -28- Committee shall hold a meeting within 30 days of the Operator's notice and decide by majority vote what action should be taken in response to the cost increase or price decline. If the Management Committee decides to continue with Development, each Member shall have the right, for a period of 45 days following the Management Committee decision, to reconsider its participation under Sections 7.3.6 or 7.3.9. Failure to elect one of the options under such sections within such time shall bind the Member to participate at its Participating Interest. No right to reconsider a Member's election shall exist once Development is continued or commences, unless subsequent cumulative cost increases by an additional 25 percent of the approved Feasibility Study estimates or spot price declines an additional ten percent for a period of 180 days or more. If the Management Committee fails to approve continued Development, then a Program and Budget sufficient to maintain the Members' interest in the Agreement, and no more, shall be prepared by the Operator and shall be deemed approved by the Management Committee for the next Contract Year. 7.4 Mining and Operations. 7.4.1 Review and Approval. As soon as practicable after completion of the Development, the Operator shall submit to the Management Committee a proposed Mining Program and Budget for the period commencing on the date of such submission and ending on the next following June 30. On or before April 25 of each year after the commencement of Mining, the Operator shall submit to the Management Committee a proposed Program and Budget for the following Contract Year. The Management Committee shall call a meeting of the Management Committee for not earlier than May 20 and no later than May 25 of such Contract Year for the purpose of considering such Program and Budget. Such Program and Budget, as modified and approved by the Management Committee, shall constitute the Program and Budget for the following Contract Year. All Members shall contribute in proportion to their Participating Interests. If the Operator fails to submit a Program and Budget by May 25 of any Contract Year during Mining Operations, or if the Management Committee fails to approve a Program and Budget submitted by the Operator, then any Member holding at least a 20 percent Participating Interest shall have the right to submit to the Management Committee a Program and Budget on or before June 20 of such Contract Year or within 30 days of any Management Committee rejection of the Operator's proposed Program and Budget, whichever is later. If the Management Committee approves any such Program and Budget, it shall become the Mining Program for the following Contract Year. Unless otherwise agreed by the Management Committee, the rate of production under the first Mining Program and Budget shall be the standard rate of production set forth in the final Feasibility Study. The rate of production for each subsequent Contract Year shall be determined by the Management Committee at the time of approval of the annual Program and Budget for that Contract Year. -29- 7.4.2 Activities During Deadlock--Mining Period. If the Management Committee fails to approve any Program and Budget by June 1 of any Contract Year, then the proposed Program and Budget (whether submitted by the Operator or another Member) proposing the larger Mining Budget shall be deemed to be approved. ARTICLE 8. ACCOUNTS AND SETTLEMENTS 8.1 Monthly Cash Budget. The Operator shall promptly submit to the Members monthly statements of account reflecting in reasonable detail the charges and credits to the Company Account. The monthly statement shall show: 8.1.1 The estimated amount that will be required to be contributed during the succeeding calendar month (or such longer period as may be determined by the Management Committee) for the approved Program and Budget; 8.1.2 The extent, if any, to which said amount may be satisfied by funds (in excess of a proper amount of Company working capital) previously furnished to the Operator under this Agreement; 8.1.3 Credits, if any, to the Company, including those arising from adjustment of accruals to actual expenditures; and 8.1.4 A summary of the Operator's activities and the results of such activity. The monthly cash budget shall include an amount to cover the monthly general expenses of the Operator, an amount to cover the anticipated expenditures during the succeeding month for approved Operations and an amount required to maintain working capital (in accordance with Section 8.2), all in accordance with Exhibit B. 8.2 Cash Calls. After the end of the Initial Contribution Period, the Operator shall submit to each Member, prior to the last day of each month, a billing for estimated cash requirements for the next month. The billings shall be reconciled to the monthly statement provided for in Section 8.1. The billing shall, if appropriate, include adjustments for any excess or deficiency arising from any differences between estimated and actual costs. Within 15 days after receipt of each billing, each Member shall advance to the Operator its proportionate share of the estimated amount, based on Participating Interests. Time is of the essence of payment of such billings. The Operator shall at all times maintain a cash balance approximately equal to the rate of disbursement for up to 45 days. 8.3 Failure to Meet Cash Calls. A Member that fails to meet cash calls in the amount and at the times specified in Section 8.2 shall be in default. The nondefaulting Member shall have those rights, remedies and elections specified in Section 4.5 and Article 11. -30- 8.4 Accounts. The Operator shall maintain at its offices complete financial books and records, on the accrual basis for financial reporting, in accordance with the Accounting Procedure and generally accepted accounting principles, showing all costs, expenditures, sales, receipts, disbursements, assets and liabilities, and profits and losses. These accounts shall include general ledgers and supporting and subsidiary journals, invoices, checks, and other customary documentation. The Operator shall also maintain at such offices all other records necessary, convenient or incidental to the recording of the Company's affairs. The accounts shall be retained for the duration of the period allowed the Members for audit or the period required by the Internal Revenue Code or by the needs of either Member. All such books of account and other records of the Company may be examined and copies thereof made by any Authorized Person, all at such reasonable times as the Authorized Person may upon reasonable notice request. 8.5 Audits. Any Member and any Authorized Person may, upon reasonable notice, at its sole expense and at reasonable times, inspect, examine and audit the accounts and records of Operations under this Agreement. All written exceptions to and claims upon the Operator for discrepancies disclosed by such audit shall be made within the 12-month period after such an audit is made available to the Members. Following the Exploration Period, the annual accounting and financial records shall be audited within three months after the end of each Contract Year by a firm of independent certified public accountants of national reputation selected by the Operator. Upon prior written notice from the Operator to the other Members, the Operator may use a firm of accountants that is otherwise performing audit services for the Operator or its Affiliates unless within 10 days after such notice is mailed by the Operator another Member makes reasonable objection to the use of such accountants. The cost of such audit shall be borne by the Company. Upon the request of the Non-Operator, the Operator shall provide a detailed accounting reconciling beginning and ending balances in any of the Company accounts. In addition, the Operator shall promptly deliver to the Non-Operator a copy of any report as to material inadequacies in accounting controls (including reports as to the absence of any inadequacies) submitted by the independent public accountants in connection with any audit of the Company. The Non-Operator may make written exception to and claim upon the Operator for any discrepancies disclosed by such audit within a reasonable time after the delivery of the audit report. The Operator shall retain all documents and invoices pertaining to charges and credits to the Company Account for a period of not less than 24 months after the end of the Contract Year in which such charges and credits take place or until the Non-Operator's exceptions have been satisfied, whichever is the longer. The Non-Operator and any Authorized Person shall have the right to at any time meet with and discuss the affairs, finances and accounts of the Company with the independent public accountants conducting any such audit. Any disputes arising out of audits shall be addressed promptly by the Management Committee at a meeting called for such purpose. If the Management Committee fails to resolve such dispute to the satisfaction of all Members, then they shall be left with all of their remedies at law and equity and all of their remedies under the Agreement. 8.6 Annual Reports and Records. By May 15 of each Contract Year, the Operator shall furnish to each of the Members a detailed report on the activities of the Company during -31- that Contract Year, reporting the results of all Operations, including but not limited to copies of all geologic maps, drill hole analysis data, assay reports, and the Operator's recommended long-term and short-term plans. Within three months after the end of each Contract Year, the Operator shall furnish to each of the Members an annual Company financial statement, which shall include statements of income, changes in financial position, and balance sheets for the Contract Year then ended and any additional information that the Members may reasonably require. 8.7 Monthly Report. On or before the 20th day of each month, the Operator shall prepare and submit to the Members a monthly report showing the actual results of Operations for the preceding month in sufficient detail for computation and monitoring of all phases of Operations, including but not limited to, as applicable, the following: maintenance costs by unit, detailed ore production reports, labor costs by category, drifting costs, costs per ton of ore, costs per ton of waste, processing costs, work in process, summaries of all geological results, including without limitation, and if applicable, copies of all geological maps, drill hole analysis data, assay reports, and the Operator's recommended long-term and short-term plans. The report shall also include other information consistent with generally accepted accounting principles and cost accounting procedures consistent with standards in the industry. The monthly report shall include comparative actual to budget information, anticipated Operations over the next six months with notations of any material events, and explanation of any significant differences between actual results and those budgeted or previously forecast. 8.8 Inspection and Access. Both Members or any Authorized Person shall be entitled to enter upon the Area of Interest at any and all reasonable times, after reasonable advance notice, at the respective Member's sole risk and expense, to inspect the Assets and Operations. The Members or any Authorized Person shall also be permitted, at any and all reasonable times, to inspect and copy the Operator's books, records and data pertaining to the Company. 8.9 Additional Information. Each Company or its Authorized Person shall have the right to discuss the affairs, finances, and accounts of the Company with the officers and employees of the Operator. The Operator shall, in addition to the foregoing, make available to the Non-Operator and its Authorized Person such other information relating to the affairs of the Company (including such information as may be within the knowledge of the Operator concerning the Development, Construction, Operation and maintenance of the Company) as the Member or any Authorized Person may from time to time reasonably request. ARTICLE 9. DISPOSITION OF PRODUCTION 9.1 Disposition in General. To the extent permitted by the laws of Argentina in effect from time to time, the Company shall distribute Products in kind to the Members, and, under extraordinary circumstances, in the discretion of the Management Committee, the Company may distribute cash to the Members. Products shall be distributed by the Operator as soon as possible after they have been refined to the standards set forth below as to gold and silver or otherwise processed into readily marketable form. (However, except as provided -32- below, the Operator will not sell Products and distribute cash since all Products shall be distributed in kind.) Except upon termination, the Operator shall not distribute Company Assets (other than Products or cash) without the consent of the Members. Gold and silver Products shall be distributed in kind at the refiner's place of business as soon as, but only after, they have been refined to a final gold and silver bullion standard of at least 99.9 percent pure silver and at least 99.95 percent pure gold. The Operator shall direct the refiner to deposit each Member's share of the refined Products in proportion to each Member's Participating Interest as of the date of distribution into a separate consignment account at the refinery in the Member's name. After such distributions, all storage costs and risk of loss shall be borne by the Member receiving the distribution. As to Products other than gold and silver, the Operator shall give the Members notice at least 30 days in advance of the delivery date upon which their respective shares of Products will be available. Such dispositions shall be made only when such Products have been processed into readily marketable form. If a Member fails to take such Products in kind, the Operator shall have the right, but not the obligation, for a period of time consistent with the minimum needs of the industry, but not to exceed one year, to sell such share as agent for the other Member at not less than the prevailing market price in the area. Subject to the terms of any such contracts of sale then outstanding, during any period that the Operator is purchasing or selling a Member's share of production, the Member may elect by notice to the Operator to take in kind. The Operator shall be entitled to deduct from proceeds of any sale by it for the account of a Member reasonable expenses incurred by the Operator in such a sale. 9.2 Taking in Kind. Any extra expenditure incurred in the taking in kind or separate disposition by either Member of its proportionate share of Products shall be borne by such Member. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as providing authority, directly or indirectly, for any marketing or selling of Products. 9.3 Futures Contracts. The Members agree that neither Member shall have any obligation to account to the other Member nor have any interest or right of participation in any profits or proceeds of futures contracts, forward sales, hedging or any other similar marketing mechanism employed by the other Member with respect to any minerals produced or to be produced from the Property. ARTICLE 10. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES; TITLE TO ASSETS 10.1 Capacity of Members. Each of the Members represents and warrants as follows: 10.1.1 That it is a corporation duly incorporated and in good standing in its state of incorporation and that it is qualified to do business and is in good standing in Argentina; -33- 10.1.2 That it has the capacity to enter into and perform this Agreement and all transactions contemplated in this Agreement and that all corporate and other actions required to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement have been properly taken; 10.1.3 That it will not breach any other agreement or arrangement by entering into or performing this Agreement and that this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by it and is valid and binding upon it in accordance with its terms; 10.1.4 That it has not engaged or employed any broker or finder in connection with the negotiation, execution or delivery of this Agreement; and 10.1.5 That it has not made any assignment for the benefit of creditors, filed any petition in bankruptcy, been adjudicated insolvent or bankrupt, petitioned or applied to any tribunal for any receiver, conservator or trustee of it under any reorganization arrangement, readjustment of debt, conservation, dissolution or liquidation law or statute of any jurisdiction, and no such action or proceeding has been commenced against it by any creditor, claimant, governmental agency, or other person. 10.2 Representations and Warranties of Each Member. 10.2.1 With respect to any portions of the Property in which Pegasus held an interest under contracts or leases prior to the Effective Date, Pegasus warrants and represents that Pegasus has not received any notice of default of any of the terms or provisions of the contracts, and to the best of Pegasus' knowledge and belief the contracts or leases are valid and are in good standing and there are no pending or threatened actions, suits, claims, or proceedings related to them. 10.2.2 With respect to any portion of the Property comprised of Claims, subject to the paramount title of Argentina and the Province of Chubut and to the best of Pegasus' knowledge, Pegasus warrants and represents that: (1) All work required to be performed by Pegasus, and as far as Pegasus is aware, all other work, payments or other actions required to hold such Claims, have been performed or made when required; (2) The Claims are free and clear of defects, liens and encumbrances arising by, through or under Pegasus; and (3) Except as may be disclosed at Exhibit A, Pegasus has no knowledge of the existence of third party claims or property rights that conflict with the Claims comprising the Property. 10.2.3 Without limiting Minera Andes' right to rely on the representations and warranties of Pegasus, Minera Andes represents and warrants that (1) it has entered into the -34- Agreement based solely on its own due diligence as to the Property and Assets and on its own geologic and engineering interpretations; (2) the Assets (if any other than funds) contributed by Minera Andes are free and clear of defects, liens and encumbrances arising by, through or under Minera Andes; and (3) Minera Andes has no knowledge of the existence of third party claims or property rights that conflict with its title to the Assets. Nothing in this Article, however, shall be deemed to be a representation or warranty that each or any of the Claims has a discovery of minerals within its boundaries. Pegasus disclaims any representation or warranty as to the value of any minerals located on such claims or the ability to develop and recover the same. The representations and warranties above shall apply only to the period prior to the Effective Date but shall survive the Effective Date. Pegasus further warrants that it has not entered into any agreements, either written or oral, with any other party obligating Pegasus to perform any duty or convey or burden any interest in the Property, nor is the Property subject to any rights of first offer or first refusal. Pegasus further warrants that no action, suit, claim proceeding, arbitration or investigation is pending or to its knowledge threatened against the Property at law or in equity. Pegasus has provided all material data relevant to the Properties that is in possession of Pegasus, but Pegasus makes no representation as to accuracy of such data except that Pegasus is not aware that any of such data is materially false or incorrect and Pegasus is not aware of any material adverse fact concerning the Property which it has failed to disclose to Minera Andes. EXCEPT AS EXPLICITLY SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION 10.2, PEGASUS DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, ARISING BY LAW, OR OTHERWISE. Each Member shall indemnify, protect, defend, save and hold harmless the other Member from and against any and all damage, loss, liability, obligation, claim, demand, cost, expense, or fees (including without limitation reasonable attorneys' fees) arising from the activities of the first Member, its agents, contractors, employees and representatives conducted on or for the benefit of the Property or the Assets prior to the Effective Date. 10.3 Joint Loss of Title. Any failure or loss of title to the Assets, except for losses arising out of a breach of the representations and warranties by Pegasus or Minera Andes, shall be charged to the Members in proportion to their Participating Interests, and all costs of defending title (except costs arising out of a breach of the representations and warranties by Pegasus) shall be charged to the Company. 10.4 Compliance with Agreements. Each Member agrees that it will comply with all of the terms, conditions, and provisions on its part to be observed or performed under any lease, agreement, or other instrument pursuant to which Assets have been acquired, including but not limited to the leases and agreements listed in Exhibit A, and that it will not terminate or cancel any such lease, agreement or other instrument and will take all action requisite on its part to prevent any termination or cancellation thereof, other than termination by consent of both Members or termination for reasons beyond the control of either Member. Each Member agrees -35- to notify the other Member promptly in writing if it receives notice of any default or alleged default under such leases and agreements or notice of any title defect or alleged title defect affecting property within the Area of Interest. 10.5 Review of Title. Minera Andes shall be entitled to review Pegasus' title to the Property Pegasus has contributed to the Company during the Initial Contribution Period. Pegasus agrees to provide all of its data about the Property, including title opinions, if any, to Minera Andes, and Minera Andes may undertake, at its sole expense, any additional title review and investigation. If Minera Andes determines, that title to the Property is unsatisfactory, it shall provide written notice of title defects to Pegasus, along with Minera Andes' recommendations for title curative work. Within 30 days after receipt of such report, Pegasus may elect to commence and diligently complete title curative work at its sole expense. If Pegasus does not undertake within 30 days to cure title defects, Minera Andes may either (a) cure such title defects and credit all required expenditures to its initial contribution to the Company, or (b) elect to withdraw from the Company and terminate this Agreement under Section 13.1.2. Minera Andes shall be liable for its share of liabilities arising out of Operations conducted prior to such withdrawal but shall not be liable for any further payment to Pegasus. ARTICLE 11. MEMBERS' DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES 11.1 Events of Default. The following events shall constitute events of default: 11.1.1 Failure of a Member to meet a cash call pursuant to Section 8.2, or to contribute funds pursuant to Section 3.2, without having elected not to contribute pursuant to Section 4.3 or, if the Member elected to contribute, making contributions less than those it committed to make; 11.1.2 Any transfer by a Member to its interest in the Company in contravention of the provisions of Article 16; 11.1.3 Failure of a Member to perform any other obligation imposed upon such Member by this Agreement, including, without limitation, any obligation it may have as Operator; 11.1.4 Filing of a petition in bankruptcy by or against a Member if such petition is not withdrawn or dismissed within 60 days after its filing; 11.1.5 General assignment by a Member for the benefit of creditors; or 11.1.6 Allowance by a Member of the appointment of a receiver or trustee of all or any substantial part of its property if such receiver or trustee is not discharged within 60 days after his appointment. -36- 11.1.7 Any breach by a Member of any representation and warranty it has made in this Agreement. Upon the occurrence of any such event, the Member failing to perform shall be deemed to be in default hereunder and shall be referred to as the "Defaulting Member," and the other Member shall be referred to as the "Non-Defaulting Member." 11.2 Notice of Default. The Non-Defaulting Member shall have the right to give the Defaulting Member a Notice of Default, which shall be in writing, shall set forth the nature of the event of default, and shall set forth the date by which such default must be cured, which date shall be at least 30 days after receipt of the Notice of Default, except in the case of a failure to advance funds, in which case the date shall be 10 days after receipt of said Notice of Default and except as to subsections 11.1.2, 11.1.4, 11.1.5 and 11.1.6, as to which there will be no cure period. Failure of the Non-Defaulting Member to give any such notice shall not release the Defaulting Member from any of its obligations under this Agreement. 11.3 Opportunity to Cure. If within such 30-day period (or 10-day period) the Defaulting Member cures such default, or if the failure is one that cannot in good faith be corrected within 30 days but is ultimately curable and the Defaulting Member begins correction of such failure to perform within such 30 days and continues corrective efforts with reasonable diligence until a cure is effected, the Notice of Default shall be inoperative, and the Defaulting Member shall lose no rights under this Agreement. If, within such specified period, the Defaulting Member does not cure such default, or if within such 30-day period the Defaulting Member notifies the Non-Defaulting Member that it disputes the existence of the alleged default and the Defaulting Member shall not have commenced correction of the default within 30 days after a final nonappealable decision by a court of law that the Defaulting Member was in default, the Non-Defaulting Member at the expiration of such period, or upon notice where no cure period is allowed, shall have the rights specified below. 11.4 Rights upon Default. The Non-Defaulting Member, after providing notice and an opportunity to cure as provided in Sections 11.2 and 11.3 above, shall be entitled to (but not required to) exercise any of the following powers and remedies: 11.4.1 Loan. The Non-Defaulting Member may pay or assume the obligations of the Defaulting Member and elect to treat it as a loan to the Defaulting Member that shall be immediately due and payable and that shall bear interest from the date due at an annual rate equal to five percentage points over the publicly announced prime rate or reference rate for commercial loans in effect from time to time quoted by Citibank, New York (or, if Citibank should discontinue such rate, the publicly announced prime or reference rate of any other U.S. commercial bank selected by the Non-Defaulting Member that is among the 50 largest in the U.S., by assets) or at the maximum rate permitted by law, whichever is less. Any such loan shall be secured by a security interest in the Defaulting Member's interest in the Company, and by this Agreement each Member grants to the other Member a security interest for that purpose, -37- and, additionally, any such loan shall create a separate contract right in favor of the Non-Defaulting Member. 11.4.2 Dilution. If the event of default occurs under Section 11.1.1, the Non-Defaulting Member may, at its option, pay or assume the obligations of the Defaulting Member. In such event, the Non-Defaulting Member's Participating Interest shall be increased and the Defaulting Member's Participating Interest shall be decreased in accordance with the provisions of Section 4.4 effective as of the end of the month preceding the month in which the event of default occurred. The Non-Defaulting Member shall be treated as the nondiluting Member and the Defaulting Member shall be treated as the diluting Member thereunder, the event of default being treated as an "election not to contribute" under Section 4.3. 11.4.3 Termination. The Non-Defaulting Member may terminate this Agreement upon 10 days' written notice to the Defaulting Member of its intent to do so. 11.5 Remedies Not Exclusive. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, each and every power and remedy hereby specifically given to the Non-Defaulting Member shall be in addition to every other power and remedy now or hereafter exercised at law or in equity (including the right to specific performance), and each and every power and remedy may be exercised from time to time and as often and in such order as may be deemed expedient. All such powers and remedies shall be cumulative, and the exercise of one shall not be deemed a waiver of the right to exercise any other or others. No delay or omission in the exercise of any such power or remedy and no renewal or extension of any payments due hereunder shall impair any such power or remedy or shall be construed to be a waiver of any default or an acquiescence therein. The Defaulting Member shall cease to have the right to participate in the management of the Company beginning immediately after the period for cure expires and continuing for so long as the default is continuing, and the Defaulting Member during such period shall have no vote in Management Committee decisions. In continuing to manage the Company, the Non-Defaulting Member shall have absolute discretion and may remove and replace the Defaulting Member as Operator and manage the Operations in conformity with Article 6 above, and no action taken by it shall subject it to a claim for breach of duty, on the ground of conflict of interest, negligence or any other theory, except fraud or gross negligence. ARTICLE 12. CONTRIBUTION TO LIABILITIES 12.1 Contribution. If either Member pays any Company liability or obligation, except where such payment requires the prior approval of the Management Committee under the terms of this Agreement, in any manner other than in accordance with its Participating Interest, that Member shall be entitled to contribution from the other Member for such excess. This right of contribution is in addition to any other right that might be provided by law or under this Agreement. Any reduction in a Member's Participating Interest under Article 4 shall not relieve such Member of its share of any liability, whether it accrues before or after such reduction, -38- arising out of Operations conducted prior to such reduction. For purposes of this Article 12, such Member's share of such liability shall be in proportion to its Participating Interest at the time such liability was incurred. 12.2 Indemnification. Except (1) as otherwise provided in Section 12.1; and (2) in cases in which the Operator failed to obtain the required insurance, each Member agrees to and does hereby indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the other Member, its directors, officers, employees, and agents and to the extent set forth below each Affiliate of the other Member from and against all claims, causes of action, liabilities, payments, obligations, expenses (including without limitation reasonable fees of and disbursements of counsel) or losses arising out of a Company liability or obligation to the extent necessary to accomplish the result that neither Member or its Affiliates shall bear any portion of a liability or obligation of the Company in any manner other than in accordance with its Participating Interest; provided, however, that each Member (other than the Operator in the course of its duties as Operator, as to which liabilities and obligations the Members shall contribute in proportion to their Participating Interests unless the Operator breaches its standard of care under Section 6.4) shall indemnify the other and the Company from any claims of personal injury to or death of that Member's agents, contractors, or employees (or those of its Affiliates) unless due to the gross negligence, willful misconduct of the other Member. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, a claim, loss or liability shall be deemed to arise out of a Company liability or obligation if it arises out of, or is based upon, the conduct of the business of the Company or the ownership or operation of the Company Assets. The foregoing indemnification shall be available to an Affiliate of a Member with respect to a claim, liability or loss arising out of a Company liability or obligation that is paid by or incurred by such Affiliate solely as a result of such Affiliate directly or indirectly owning or controlling a Member. The foregoing shall not inure to the benefit of any Member or Affiliate in respect of any claim, liability or loss that (1) arises out of, or is based upon, the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Member or Affiliate or out a breach of such Member's or Affiliates obligations under this Agreement or (2) is a tax, levy or similar law or governmental charge not imposed upon the Company or upon its Assets. The foregoing indemnity shall apply only to a claim, liability or loss to the extent that it is uninsured by the Company and shall survive the dissolution or other termination of the Company. ARTICLE 13. TERMINATION 13.1 Termination. This Agreement is subject to termination and the Company is subject to dissolution as follows: 13.1.1 Termination by Agreement. The Members may terminate this Agreement and dissolve the Company at any time by written agreement. Alternatively, one Member may agree to convey its Participating Interest in the Company to the other. 13.1.2 Termination by Withdrawal. During the Initial Contribution Period, Minera Andes may withdraw or be deemed to have withdrawn pursuant to Section 3.2 subject to the terms of Section 13.4. Any withdrawal under this Section 13.1.2 shall not relieve the -39- withdrawing Member of its share of liabilities arising out of Operations conducted prior to such withdrawal according to their respective Participating Interests immediately prior to such withdrawal. Following the Initial Contribution Period, a Member may elect to withdraw from this Company by giving notice to the other Member of the effective date of withdrawal, which shall be the later of the end of the then current Program and Budget or at least 30 days after the date of the notice. 13.1.3 Termination by Completion of Product Development. This Agreement shall terminate and the Company shall dissolve automatically when the Products within the Area of Interest have been economically developed and exploited and all attendant legal responsibilities, including Environmental Compliance, have been fulfilled and all Company facilities shall have been disposed of and a final accounting made between the Members. 13.1.4 Termination by Elimination of Participating Interest. The Agreement shall terminate automatically upon elimination of a Member's Participating Interest pursuant to Section 4.8. 13.1.5 Termination by Default. This Agreement may be terminated and the Company dissolved by the Non-Defaulting Member (as defined in Section 11.1) in accordance with Section 11.4.3. 13.2 Continuing Obligations. On termination of this Agreement and dissolution of the Company, the Members shall remain liable according to their respective Participating Interests immediately prior to termination for continuing obligations under this Agreement until final settlement of all accounts and for any liability, whether it arises before or after termination, if it arises out of Operations during the term of the Agreement. 13.3 Disposition of Assets on Termination. Promptly after termination, the Operator shall take all action necessary to wind up the activities of the Company, and all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the winding up of the Company shall be expenses chargeable to the Company. The "Capital Accounts" of the Members shall be closed as provided in Exhibit C. A Member shall receive no distribution of any interest in Products or proceeds from their sale if such Member's Participating Interest has been terminated pursuant to Section 4.8. 13.4 Termination at Election of Minera Andes During Initial Contribution Period. If the Agreement is terminated and the Company dissolved by Minera Andes in accordance with Section 3.2 and Section 13.1.2, all of the Property and all Assets within the Area of Interest shall be deemed to be transferred to Pegasus, without cost and free and clear of royalties, liens or other encumbrances arising by, through or under Minera Andes, except those exceptions to title described in Part 1 of Exhibit A and those to which both Members have given their written consent after the date of this Agreement. -40- 13.5 Tax Consequences. Exhibit C shall control the distribution and application to the Members of the net proceeds of liquidation of the Company Assets or, if applicable, the Company Assets themselves upon termination of this Agreement and dissolution of the Company. 13.6 Noncompete Covenants. A Member that withdraws pursuant to Section 13.1.2, or a Member that is deemed to have withdrawn pursuant to Section 4.8, or Minera Andes in the event that it does not complete its Initial Contribution, shall not directly or indirectly acquire any interest in property within the Area of Interest for 24 months after the date of withdrawal, provided that the foregoing restriction shall not apply to Property which the Company elected to not acquire pursuant to the provisions of Section 10.4. If a withdrawing Member, or the Affiliate of a withdrawing Member, breaches this Section 13.6, such Member or Affiliate shall be obligated to offer to convey to the nonwithdrawing Member, without cost, any such property or interest acquired in the Area of Interest. Such offer shall be made in writing and can be accepted by the nonwithdrawing Member at any time within 45 days after such offer is received by the nonwithdrawing Member. 13.7 Right to Data After Termination. After termination of this Agreement pursuant to Section 13.1.1, 13.1.2, 13.1.3 or 13.1.4, each Member shall be entitled to copies of all information acquired under this Agreement as of the date of termination and not previously furnished to it; provided, however, that the Non-Operator shall have only 18 months from the date of any such termination to review and request copies of such information. The terminating or withdrawing Member shall not be entitled to any such copies after any other termination or any withdrawal. 13.8 Continuing Authority. On termination of this Agreement under Section 13.1 or the deemed withdrawal of a Member pursuant to Section 4.8, the Operator shall have the power and authority, subject to control of the Management Committee, if any, to do all things on behalf of the Members that are reasonably necessary or convenient to: (1) wind up operations and (2) complete any transaction and satisfy any obligation unfinished or unsatisfied at the time of such termination or withdrawal, if the transaction or obligation arises out of Operations prior to such termination or withdrawal. The Operator shall have the power and authority to grant or receive extensions of time or change the method of payment of an already existing liability or obligation, prosecute and defend actions on behalf of the Members and the Company, mortgage assets, and take any other reasonable action in any manner with respect to which the former Members continue to have, or appear or are alleged to have, a common interest or a common liability. ARTICLE 14. ACQUISITIONS WITHIN AREA OF INTEREST 14.1 General. Any interest or option to acquire any interest in real property, including Claims, within the Area of Interest, owned on the Effective Date or subsequently acquired during the term of this Agreement by or on behalf of a Member or any Affiliate shall, except -41- as provided in this Article 14, be included in the Property and shall be subject to the terms and provisions of this Agreement. 14.2 Notice to Nonacquiring Member. Within 30 days after the acquisition of any interest or the option to acquire any interest in real property, including Claims, wholly or partially within the Area of Interest (except real property acquired by the Operator pursuant to a Program), by a Member or its Affiliates, the acquiring Member shall notify the other Member of such acquisition. The acquiring Member's notice shall describe in detail the acquisition, the lands and minerals covered thereby, the direct acquisition cost without consideration for management fees or indirect costs, and the reasons why the acquiring Member believes the acquisition of the interest is in the best interests of the Company. In addition to such notice, the acquiring Member shall make any and all information concerning the acquired interest available for inspection by the other Member. 14.3 Option Exercised. If, within 45 days after receiving the acquiring Member's notice, the other Member notifies the acquiring Member of its election to cause the Company to accept the acquired interest (or cause its Affiliates to convey such interest), the acquiring Member shall convey such interest to the Company by deed, assignment or other appropriate document. The acquired interest shall become a part of the Property for all purposes of this Agreement immediately upon the notice of such other Member's election to cause the Company to accept the acquired interest. The other Member shall promptly pay to the acquiring Member its proportionate share (based on Participating Interests) of the latter's actual out-of-pocket acquisition costs and assume any acquisition obligations. 14.4 Option Not Exercised. If the other Member does not give its notice to elect to cause the Company to accept such proportionate interest within the 45-day period set forth in Section 14.3, the Company shall have no interest in the acquired interest, and the acquired interest shall not be a part of the Property or be subject to this Agreement. ARTICLE 15. ABANDONMENT AND SURRENDER OF PROPERTY 15.1 During Initial Contribution Period. As provided in Section 3.2, during the Initial Contribution Period, Minera Andes may surrender part or all of its interest in the Company to Pegasus. Upon Minera Andes' surrender, Minera Andes shall promptly execute and deliver all appropriate documents to assign its interest in the Company to Pegasus. 15.2 Surrender or Abandonment of Property. The Management Committee may authorize the Operator to surrender or abandon part or all of the Property. If the Management Committee authorizes any such surrender or abandonment over the objection of a Member, the Company shall assign to the objecting Member, by appropriate documents, and without cost to the Company, all of the Company's interest in the property to be abandoned or surrendered, and the abandoned or surrendered property shall cease to be part of the Property. Provided, however, the objecting Member shall assume all responsibility and liabilities arising after such assignment, including but not limited to reclamation and restoration, with regard to the -42- surrendered or abandoned property. Liabilities arising out of Operations prior to such assignment shall remain the obligation of the Company. 15.3 Reacquisition. If all or part of the Property is abandoned or surrendered under the provisions of this Article 15 to a third party, then unless this Agreement is earlier terminated, and except as provided for assignment to an objecting Member in Section 15.2, neither Member nor any Affiliate thereof shall acquire any interest in such Property for a period of two years following the date of such abandonment or surrender. If a Member reacquires the Property in violation of this Section 15.3, the other Member may elect by notice to the reacquiring Member, within 45 days after it has actual notice of such reacquisition, to have such properties made subject to the terms of this Agreement. In the event such an election is made, the reacquired properties will thereafter be treated as part of the Property, and the costs of reacquisition shall be borne solely by the reacquiring Member and shall not be included for purposes of calculating the Members' respective Participating Interests. ARTICLE 16. TRANSFER OF INTEREST 16.1 General. A Member shall have the right, subject to the preemptive right under Section 16.3 and the limitations below, to transfer, grant, assign, encumber, pledge or otherwise commit or dispose of ("transfer") to any third party all or part of its interest in or to this Agreement and its Participating Interest in the Company; provided that no transferee of less than all of either Pegasus' or Minera Andes' Participating Interest shall be entitled to a share of the Production Royalty specified in Section 4.8. If a transferee of less than all of Pegasus' or Minera Andes' Participating Interest is subsequently diluted to a Participating Interest of less than 20 percent, that Member will be deemed to have withdrawn from the Company, and its Participating Interest shall be relinquished as provided in Section 4.8 and shall be divided among the remaining Members in proportion to their Participating Interests. Neither Member shall have any right to transfer its interest during the Initial Contribution Period except as provided in Section 16.4. 16.2 Limitations on Free Transferability. The transfer right of a Member in Section 16.1 shall be subject to the following terms and conditions: 16.2.1 No transferee of all of the Participating Interest of a Member shall have the rights of a Member unless and until the transferring Member has provided to the other Member notice of the transfer, and the transferee, as of the effective date of the transfer, has committed in writing to be bound by this Agreement to the same extent and nature as the transferring Member; 16.2.2 No Member, without the consent of the other Member, shall make a transfer that shall cause termination of the tax status of the Company. If contrary to this Section 16.2.2 a transfer is made that causes such termination, the transferring Member and the transferee shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the other Member from and against any and all loss, cost, expense or damage arising from such termination; -43- 16.2.3 No transfer permitted by this Article 16 shall relieve the transferring Member of its share of any liability, whether accruing before or after such transfer, that arises out of Operations conducted prior to such transfer; 16.2.4 The transferring Member and the transferee shall bear all tax consequences of the transfer; 16.2.5 If the transfer is the grant of a security interest by mortgage, deed of trust, pledge, lien or other encumbrance of its interest in this Agreement, to secure a loan or other indebtedness of a Member in a bona fide transaction, such security interest shall be subordinate to the terms of this Agreement and the rights and interests of the other Member hereunder. Upon any foreclosure or other enforcement of rights in the security interest, the acquiring third party shall be deemed to assume the position of the encumbering Member with respect to this Agreement and the other Member, except that the Non-Operator shall become the Operator and the acquiring third party shall not become the Operator, and it shall comply with the terms and conditions of this Article 16; and 16.2.6 No Member may transfer any interest in this Agreement or the Assets, other than Products, except by transfer of all or part of its Participating Interest. 16.3 Preemptive Right. Except as otherwise provided in Section 16.4, if a Member desires to transfer all or part of its interest in this Agreement and its Participating Interest in the Company, the other Member shall have a preemptive right to acquire such interest as provided in this Section 16.3. 16.3.1 A Member intending to transfer all or part of its interest in this Agreement and its Participating Interest in the Company shall promptly notify the other Member of its intentions. The notice shall state the price and all other pertinent terms and conditions, including contingent payments and royalties, if applicable, of the intended transfer, which shall be for a monetary consideration only. The other Member shall have 30 days from the date such notice is delivered to notify the transferring Member whether it elects to acquire the offered interest at the same price and on the same terms and conditions as set forth in the notice. If it does so elect, the transfer shall be consummated within 60 days after notice of such election is delivered to the transferring Member. 16.3.2 If the other Member fails to so elect within the period provided for in Section 16.3.1, the transferring Member shall have 90 days following the expiration of such period to consummate the transfer to a third party at an identical or greater price and on terms no less favorable to the transferring party than those presented to the other Member and set forth in the notice required in Section 16.3.1. 16.3.3 If the transferring Member fails to consummate the transfer or execute a binding agreement to transfer to a third party within the period set forth in Section 16.3.2, or -44- upon change in the price or terms offered to the third party, the preemptive right of the other Member in such offered interest shall be deemed to be revived. Any subsequent proposal to transfer such interest shall be conducted in accordance with all of the procedures set forth in this Section 16.3. 16.4 Exceptions to Preemptive Right. Section 16.3 shall not apply to the following transfers: 16.4.1 Transfer by a Member of all or any part of its interest in this Agreement and its Participating Interest in the Company to an Affiliate; provided, however, that following such a Transfer, the assignor shall remain jointly and severally liable with the assignee Affiliate for all obligations as a Member or as Operator, regardless of whether such obligations arose before or arise after the assignment. 16.4.2 Corporate merger, consolidation, amalgamation or reorganization of a Member by which the surviving entity shall possess substantially all of the stock, or all of the property rights and interests, and be subject to substantially all of the liabilities and obligations, including those created by this Agreement, of that Member; 16.4.3 The grant by a Member of a security interest in its interest in this Agreement and its Participating Interest in the Company by mortgage, deed of trust, pledge, lien or other encumbrance; and 16.4.4 A sale or other commitment or disposition of Products or proceeds from sale of Products by a Member upon distribution to it pursuant to Article 9. 16.5 Insolvency. If either Member commences a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy laws or under any other applicable federal or state law relating to insolvency, if an order for relief or similar determination is entered in an involuntary case under the federal bankruptcy laws or any other federal or state law relating to insolvency, or if a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian or other similar person is appointed, voluntarily or involuntarily, for the assets of either Member, then such Member (the "Insolvent Member") shall cease to have the right to participate in the management of the Company, and the Company thereafter shall be managed by the other Member, who shall, if not theretofore serving as Operator, become the Operator. In continuing to manage the Company, the other Member shall have absolute discretion and no action taken by it shall subject it to a claim for any breach of duty, on the ground of conflict of interest, negligence or any other theory, except fraud, wilful misconduct, or gross negligence. Any transfer, sale, assignment, pledge or other encumbrance or disposition of the Insolvent Member's interest in the Company by a trustee, debtor-in-possession or custodian shall be subject to the provisions of Section 16.3. -45- ARTICLE 17. GENERAL PROVISIONS 17.1 Notices. All notices, payments and other required communications ("Notices") to the Members shall be in writing and shall be addressed respectively as follows: Minera Andes: Minera Andes Inc. 3303 N. Sullivan Rd. Spokane, WA 99216 Fax: (509) 921-7325 Phone: (509) 921-7322 Pegasus: Pegasus Gold International, Inc. 601 West First Avenue Suite 1500 Spokane, WA 99204 Attn: Land/Legal Department Fax: (509) 838-8317 Phone: (509) 624-4653 All Notices shall be given (1) by personal delivery to the Member, or (2) by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, or (3) by electronic communication followed within 24 hours by acknowledgment of receipt from the receiving Member via electronic communication. The term "electronic communication" includes but is not limited to telex and facsimile communication. All Notices shall be effective and shall be deemed delivered (a) if by personal delivery, on the date of delivery, (b) if by electronic communication, on the date the confirmation is delivered to the United States Postal Service as shown on the actual receipt, and (c) if solely by mail, on the day delivered to the United States Postal Service and as shown on the actual receipt. A Member may change its address from time to time by Notice to the other Member. Notice to the Management Committee shall be by notice to the Members as provided herein. 17.2 Waiver. The failure of a Member to insist on the strict performance of any provision of this Agreement or to exercise any right, power or remedy upon a breach hereof shall not constitute a waiver of any provision of this Agreement or limit the Member's right thereafter to enforce any provision or exercise any right. 17.3 Modification. No modification of this Agreement shall be valid unless made in writing and duly executed by the Members. 17.4 Force Majeure. The obligations of a Member, other than (1) the payment of money, or (2) the performance and timely filing of required exploration work for any Claim included in the Property as required by provincial or federal law, shall be suspended to the extent and for the period that performance is prevented by any cause, whether foreseeable or unforeseeable, beyond its reasonable control if the Member is making a good faith effort to -46- resolve or avoid such cause, including without limitation labor disputes (however arising and whether or not employee demands are reasonable or within the power of the Member to grant); acts of God, laws, regulations, orders, proclamations, instructions or requests of any government or governmental entity; judgments or orders of any court; inability to obtain on reasonably acceptable terms any public or private license, permit or other authorization; curtailment or suspension of activities to remedy or avoid an actual or alleged, present or prospective violation of federal, provisional or local environmental standards; acts of war or conditions arising out of or attributable to war, whether declared or undeclared; riot, civil strife, insurrection or rebellion; fire, explosion, earthquake, storm, flood, sinkholes, drought or other adverse weather condition; delay or failure by suppliers or transporters of materials, parts, supplies, services or equipment or by contractors' or subcontractors' shortage of, or inability to obtain, labor, transportation, materials, machinery, equipment, supplies, utilities or services; accidents; breakdown of equipment, machinery or facilities; or any other cause whether similar or dissimilar to the foregoing; provided that the affected Member shall give written notice to the other Member within 30 days of the suspension of performance, stating therein the nature of the suspension, the reasons therefor and the expected duration thereof. The affected Member shall resume performance as soon as reasonably possible. During the period of suspension, the obligations of the Members to advance funds pursuant to Section 8.2 shall be reduced to levels consistent with Operations. 17.5 Contest of Governmental Regulation. Notwithstanding Section 17.4, in the event the Company is or becomes subject, at any time, to environmental regulations or governmental restrictions ("environmental regulations or governmental restrictions" shall include any governmental law, rule, order, regulation, policy, proposal, action or inaction, or restriction relating to air pollution, water pollution, surface mining, surface effects of mining, land use or hazardous or toxic materials) that prohibit or materially affect any Operations, the Operator shall have the right to declare the existence of a condition of force majeure during the period in which the Operator is making a good faith effort to comply with, be exempted from, modify, obtain necessary permits or licenses under, or prevent the enactment or promulgation of said environmental regulations or governmental restrictions. To invoke this provision, the Operator must give the other Member 30 days' advance written notice. 17.6 Governing Law. Except for matters of title to the Property or the Claims, which shall be governed by the law of Argentina, this Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Washington. 17.7 Dispute Resolution 17.7.1 Agreement to Arbitrate. Should any controversy arise under the terms and provisions of this Agreement or arise out of or be in any way related to operations of the Company or the conduct of the Members with respect the Company or the Property as to which the Members are unable to effect a satisfactory resolution, such controversy shall be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the terms and provisions of this Section 17.7.1 and in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Arbitration Act (Title 9 of the United States -47- Code). The provisions of the Federal Arbitration Act and the Commercial Arbitration Rules of American Arbitration Association, as from time to time amended and in effect, will be followed to the extent they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement. Any arbitration hearings conducted pursuant to this Article shall be administered by the American Arbitration Association and shall be conducted in Spokane, Washington at a mutually agreed location. 17.7.2 Submission to Arbitration and Selection of Arbitrators. A Member desiring to submit to arbitration any such controversy shall furnish its demand for arbitration in writing to the other Member, which demand shall contain a brief statement of the matter in controversy, the amount involved, if any, and the remedies sought. Within a period of ten (10) business days after service of such demand, each Member shall name one arbitrator by written notice to the other Member. Within twenty (20) days after the appointment of an arbitrator by each party, the two arbitrators shall choose a third arbitrator. If any Member fails to name an arbitrator within the specified 10-day period or if two arbitrators chosen by the Members fail to select within the 20-day period a third arbitrator, then the American Arbitration Association shall designate such necessary additional arbitrators within twenty (20) days of application by either Member. Each of the arbitrators chosen or appointed pursuant to this Section 17.7.2 shall be an attorney or a person having at least ten (10) years' experience in the United States in a calling related to the subject matter involved in the dispute and shall not be a past or present officer, director, or employee of any of the Members or their Affiliates. 17.7.3 Arbitration Procedures. Each Member may furnish the arbitrators with a written statement of matters it deems to be in controversy for purposes of the arbitration procedures. The arbitrators shall allow for discovery pursuant to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ("FRCP") and shall be entitled to enforce sanctions for failure to make discovery pursuant to FRCP No. 37. Following discovery, the arbitrators shall promptly hold hearings on the matters in controversy and shall render their decision and award, upon the concurrence of at least two of their number, as soon as possible but no later than ninety (90) days after the conclusion of such hearings. Such decision and award shall be in writing and counterpart copies of the decision shall be delivered to each of the parties. Each Member agrees that judgment may be had on the decision and award of the arbitrators so rendered. 17.7.4 Successor Arbitrators. Notwithstanding the above, if any arbitrator appointed by a Member dies, refuses to act, or becomes incapable of acting, then such Member shall appoint a successor arbitrator within five (5) days of such notice of disability. In the event such Member fails to appoint the required successor within such time, the other Member may apply, on notice to the other party, to the American Arbitration Association for the appointment of such necessary arbitrator, and such appointment shall be made within twenty (20) days of such application. 17.7.5 Status of Member-Appointed Arbitrators. Member-appointed arbitrators are expected to be nonneutral and to observe the ethical standards applicable to -48- nonneutral arbitrators under canon VII of the Code of Ethics for Arbitrators in Commercial Disputes of the American Arbitration Association then in effect. 17.7.6 Cost of Arbitration. Each Member shall bear the expense of the arbitrator appointed by or for such Member, its own counsel, experts, and presentation of proof. The Members shall share equally the expense of the additional arbitrator and all other expenses of the arbitration. 17.8 Further Assurances. Each of the Members agrees that it shall take from time to time such actions and execute such additional instruments as may be reasonably necessary or convenient to implement and carry out the intent and purpose of this Agreement. 17.9 Survival of Terms and Conditions. The provisions of this Agreement shall survive its termination to the full extent necessary for their enforcement and the protection of the Member in whose favor they run. 17.10 Confidentiality and Public Statements. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 17.10, the terms and conditions of this Agreement and all data, reports, records and other information of any kind whatsoever developed or acquired by any Member in connection with this Agreement shall be treated by the Members as confidential (hereinafter "confidential information") and neither Member shall reveal or otherwise disclose such confidential information to third parties without the prior written consent of the other Member. The foregoing restrictions shall not apply to the disclosure of confidential information to: 17.10.1 Any Affiliate; 17.10.2 Any Authorized Person; 17.10.3 Any public or private financing agency or institution; 17.10.4 Any contractors or subcontractors that the Members may engage; 17.10.5 Employees and consultants of the Members; 17.10.6 Any third party to which a Member contemplates the transfer, sale, assignment, encumbrance or other disposition of all or part of its Participating Interest pursuant to Article 16; provided, however, that in any such case only such confidential information as such third party shall have a legitimate business need to know shall be disclosed, and the third party shall have agreed in writing supplied to, and enforceable by, the other Member to protect the confidential information from further disclosure, to use such confidential information solely for such purpose and to otherwise be bound by the provisions of this Section 17.10. Such writing shall not preclude parties from discussing and completing a Transfer with the other Member. -49- The Member disclosing confidential information shall be responsible and liable for any use or disclosure of the confidential information by such Members in violation of this Agreement and such other writing; 17.10.7 Confidential information that otherwise comes into the public domain through no fault of the Members; or 17.10.8 Confidential information that is required, in the opinion of either Member's counsel, to be disclosed to any federal, state or local government or appropriate agencies and departments thereof or that is required, in the opinion of either Member's counsel, to be publicly announced, to the extent required by law. The provisions of this Section 17.10 shall apply during the term of this Agreement and shall continue to apply to any Member that forfeits, surrenders, assigns, transfers or otherwise disposes of its Participating Interest for the two-year period following the date of such occurrence. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or except as required by law in the opinion of either Member's counsel, neither Member shall make any public announcement or public disclosure with regard to the Company, including confidential and nonconfidential information, without the prior written consent of the other Member as to the content and timing of such announcement or disclosure, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. In the event a public announcement or disclosure is required by law, the Member making such announcement or disclosure shall consult with the other Member as to the contents of such announcement or disclosure prior to making it. 17.11 Entire Agreement; Successors and Assigns. This Agreement, including all attached Exhibits, contains the entire understanding of the Members and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings between the Members related to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the respective successors and permitted assigns of the Members. The Members have executed this Agreement as of the Effective Date. PEGASUS GOLD MINERA ANDES INC. INTERNATIONAL, INC. By: /s/ THOMAS BURKHART By: /s/ ALLEN V. AMBROSE ------------------------- ------------------------- Thomas Burkhart Allen V. Ambrose Its: Vice President, Exploration Its: President -50- EXHIBIT B --------- ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE -------------------- The financial and accounting procedures to be followed by the Operator and the Members under the Agreement are set forth in this Exhibit. References in this Accounting Procedure to Sections and Articles are to those located in this Accounting Procedure unless it is expressly stated that they are references to the Agreement. The purpose of this Accounting Procedure is to establish equitable methods for determining charges and credits applicable to Operations under this Agreement. The Operator and the Members intend that none of them shall lose or profit by reason of the division of responsibility between the Operator and the other Members, but that the Operator should be fully reimbursed by the Members for its costs, expenses and overhead in carrying out the work of the Company and reasonably compensated for its service. The Members shall meet and in good faith endeavor to agree upon changes deemed necessary to correct any unfairness or inequity. Terms that are used as defined terms in this Accounting Procedure shall have the meaning given to them in the Agreement. If there is a conflict between the provisions of the Accounting Procedure and those of the Agreement, the provisions of the Agreement shall control. In accordance with Section 3.2.2 of the Agreement, certain expenditures specified below shall not be chargeable to the Company Account during the Initial Contribution Period. ARTICLE 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS 1.1 Accounting Records. The Operator shall maintain complete accounting records in accordance with this Accounting Procedure, sufficient to provide a record of revenues and expenditures and periodic statements of financial position and the results of operations for managerial, tax, regulatory or other financial reporting purposes. Such records shall be retained for the duration of the period allowed the Members for audit and for the periods necessary to comply with tax and other regulatory requirements. The records shall reflect all obligations, advances and credits of the Members. 1.2 Reports. Except as to income tax matters, each Member to the Agreement is responsible for preparing its own accounting reports to meet the requirements of any governmental authority having jurisdiction over such Member. Operator shall cooperate in furnishing Non-Operator statements and billings in such form as required to discharge such responsibilities. 1.3 General Limitation. In addition to the other limitations of this Exhibit B, if the Operator engages Affiliates to provide services, it shall do so on terms no less favorable to the Company than would be the case with unrelated persons providing services of an equivalent quality in arm's-length transactions and the charges made by Operator to the Company Account for use of personnel or supplies or equipment of Operator or its Affiliates at the Property may be no higher than would be the case with such unrelated persons in arm's-length transactions. EXHIBIT B, PAGE 1 ARTICLE 2. CHARGES TO COMPANY ACCOUNT Subject to the limitations set forth below, Operator shall charge the Company Account with the following: 2.1 Rentals, Royalties and Other Payments. Property maintenance costs, rentals, royalties, license fees, permit fees and other payments necessary to acquire and maintain property, technology and equipment used in the Operations. 2.2 Labor and Employee Benefits. 2.2.1 Salaries and wages of the Operator's employees directly engaged in Operations, including bonuses of employees assigned to full-time work on Operations, and including salaries or wages of employees to the extent they are temporarily assigned to the Operations and directly employed in Operations. 2.2.2 The Operator's actual cost of established plans for employees' group life insurance, hospitalization, pension, retirement, stock purchase, thrift, bonus (except production or incentive bonus plans under a union contract based on actual rates of production, costs savings and other production factors, and similar nonunion bonus plans customary in the industry or necessary to attract competent employees, which bonus payments shall be considered salaries and wages under Section 2.2.1 or 2.11, rather than employees' benefit plans) and wages chargeable under Section 2.2.1 or 2.11, provided that the plans are limited to the extent feasible to those customary in the industry. 2.2.3 Costs of assessments imposed by governmental authority which assessments are applicable to salaries and wages chargeable under Sections 2.2.1 and 2.11, including all penalties except those resulting from the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Operator or breaches by Operator of the Agreement. 2.2.4 Those costs in Section 2.2.2 and 2.2.3 may be charged on a "when and as paid basis" or by "percentage assessment" on the amount of salaries and wages. If percentage assessment is used, the rate shall be applied to wages or salaries excluding overtime and bonuses. Such rate shall be based on the Operator's cost experience, and it shall be periodically adjusted to ensure that the total of such charges fairly approximates the actual cost of such charges to the Operator. 2.3 Assets. Costs of all Assets purchased or furnished (subject to provisions below when furnished by a Member). 2.4 Transportation. Reasonable transportation costs incurred in connection with the transportation of employees, equipment, material and supplies as required in the conduct of Operations and relocation costs of employees permanently assigned and directly engaged in the EXHIBIT B, PAGE 2 conduct of Operations, including transportation of employees' families and their personal and household effects, all subject to the following limitations: 2.4.1 If employees are transported to and from the property wholly or partly by commercial airlines, economy, coach, business or tourist class rates shall be charged if practicable unless the distance traveled is greater than 3,000 miles. 2.4.2 If material is moved from the Operator's warehouse or other properties, no charge shall be made greater than that which would be made by an independent third party contractor from the nearest reliable supply store or railway receiving point where such material is available. 2.4.3 If surplus material is moved to the Operator's warehouse or other storage point, no charge shall be made greater than that which would be made by an independent third party contractor from the nearest reliable supply store or railway receiving point where such material is available. Operator may charge storage fees to such Joint Operation based on current market rates, if material is stored in Operator's warehouse. No charges shall be made for moving material to other properties belonging to Operator. 2.5 Services. 2.5.1 The cost of contract services, utilities and other services procured from outside sources, other than services described in Section 2.7 and 2.12. If contract services are performed by an Affiliate of the Operator, the cost charged to the Company Account shall not be greater than that for which comparable services are available in the open market. The cost of professional consultant services procured from outside sources shall not be charged to the Company Account unless approved by the Management Committee, except during the Initial Contribution Period. 2.5.2 The direct costs of using the Operator's exclusively owned facilities in support of Company activities, provided that the charges may not exceed those currently prevailing in the vicinity. 2.6 Insurance Premiums. Premiums paid or accrued for insurance acquired for the protection of the Members pursuant to the Agreement. 2.7 Damages and Losses. All costs in excess of insurance proceeds necessary to repair or replace damages or losses to any Assets resulting from any cause other than the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Operator. 2.8 Legal Expenses. All legal costs and expenses of litigation approved by the Management Committee. Routine legal expenses are included under Section 2.12. 2.9 Audit. Cost of annual audits under the Agreement. EXHIBIT B, PAGE 3 2.10 Taxes. All taxes (except income taxes) of every kind and nature assessed or levied upon or in connection with the Assets, the production of Products of Operations which have been paid by the Operator for the benefit of the Members. Each Member is separately responsible for income taxes that are attributable to its respective Participating Interest. 2.11 District and Camp Expense (Field Supervision and Camp Expenses). A pro rata portion of (i) the salaries and expenses of the Operator's superintendent and other employees serving Operations whose time is not allocated directly to such Operations, and (ii) the costs of maintaining and operating an office and any necessary suboffice and (iii) the costs to Operator of all necessary camps, including housing facilities for employees, used for Operations. The expense of those facilities, less any revenue from the facilities, shall include depreciation or a fair monthly rental in lieu of depreciation of the investment. Such charges shall be apportioned for all Properties served by the employees and facilities on an equitable basis consistent with the Operator's general accounting practice and generally accepted accounting principles, all as further approved by the Management Committee. 2.12 Administrative Charge. Beginning on the Effective Date, the Operator shall charge the Joint Account each month a sum as provided below, which shall be a liquidated amount to reimburse the Operator for its actual home office overhead and general and administrative expenses of its conduct of Operations, and which shall be in lieu of any management fee: five percent (5%) of Allowable Costs during the Exploration Period (including the Initial Contribution Period but subject to the limits provided in Section 3.1.2(2) of the Limited Liability Company Agreement and two percent (2%) of Allowable Costs during the Development Period and the Mining Period. Under no circumstances shall the administrative charge in any Contract Year exceed $1,000,000 and there shall be no "carry forward" or "carry back" from one Contract Year to another. The term "Allowable Costs" as used in this Section 2.12 shall mean all charges to the Company Account except: (i) the administrative charge defined in this Section 2.12; (ii) depreciation, depletion or amortization of tangible or intangible assets; (iii) charges for real property rentals and royalties; and (iv) labor and labor overhead as referred to in Section 2.2. The following representative list of items comprising the Operator's home office expenses are expressly covered by the administrative charge provided in this Section 2.12 to the extent incurred for the necessary and proper conduct of the Operations: 2.12.1 Administrative supervision, which includes services rendered by officers and directors of the Operator for Operations, except to the extent that such services represent a direct charge to the Company Account, as provided for in Section 2.2; 2.12.2 Accounting, billing and record keeping in accordance with governmental regulations and the provisions of the Agreement, and preparation of reports; EXHIBIT B, PAGE 4 2.12.3 Handling of any tax matters, including any protests, except any outside professional fees; 2.12.4 Routine legal services by the Operator's legal staff (both inside and outside); and 2.12.5 Rentals and other charges for records and storage space, telephone service and office supplies. 2.13 Fines and Penalties. Fines, penalties, and other costs imposed for violation of, or compliance with, federal, state, and local laws incurred in connection with the conduct of operations, unless caused by the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Operator. 2.14 Environmental Compliance Fund. Costs of reasonably anticipated Environmental Compliance which, on a Program basis, shall be determined by the Management Committee and shall be based on proportionate contributions in an amount sufficient to establish a fund, which through successive proportionate contributions during the term of this Agreement, will pay for ongoing Environmental Compliance conducted during Operations and which will aggregate the reasonably anticipated costs of mine closure, post-Operations Environmental Compliance and Continuing Obligations. 2.15 Other Expenditures. Any reasonable direct expenditure, other than expenditures covered by the foregoing provisions, incurred by the Operator for the necessary and proper conduct of Operations. ARTICLE 3. BASIS OF CHARGES TO COMPANY ACCOUNT 3.1 Purchases. Materials, equipment, machinery and supplies ("Materials") purchased and services procured shall be charged at prices paid by the Operator after deduction of all discounts actually received. The Operator shall maintain reasonable inventory levels adequate to sustain Operations in accordance with the guidelines set by the Management Committee. 3.2 Material Furnished by the Operator. At its discretion, the Operator may furnish Material from the Operator's stock under the following conditions: 3.2.1 New Material (Condition"A"). New material transferred from the Operator's properties shall be priced f.o.b. the nearest reputable supply store or railway receiving point, where like Material is available, at current replacement cost of the same kind of Material (hereafter "New Price"). EXHIBIT B, PAGE 5 3.2.2 Used-Material (Condition "B"). (1) Material in sound and serviceable condition and suitable for reuse without reconditioning shall be classified as Condition "B" and priced at fair market value. (2) All charges to the Company Account for used Material shall be separately identified in sufficient detail to provide for reasonable review of such items. (3) Charges to the Company Account for used Material in excess of $25,000 (U.S.) per item shall be subject to prior review and approval by the Management Committee. 3.3 Premium Prices. Whenever Material is not readily obtainable at prices specified in Sections 3.1 and 3.2, the Operator may charge the Company Account for the required Material on the basis of the Operator's direct cost and expenses incurred in procuring such Material; provided, however, that prior notice of the proposed charge is given to the Management Committee, whereupon any Member shall have the right, by notifying the Operator within 10 days of the delivery of the notice from the Operator, to furnish at the usual receiving point all or part of its share of Material suitable for use and acceptable to the Operator. If a Member so furnishes Material in kind, the Operator shall make appropriate credits to its account. 3.4 Warranty of Material Furnished by the Operator and Members. Neither the Operator nor any Member warrants the Material furnished beyond any dealer's or manufacturer's warranty. ARTICLE 4. DISPOSAL OF MATERIAL 4.1 Disposition Generally. The Operator shall have no obligation to purchase a Member's interest in Material. The Management Committee shall determine the disposition of major items of surplus Material; provided, however, that the Operator shall have the right to dispose of normal accumulations of junk and scrap Material either by transfer to the Members as provided in Section 4.2 or by sale. The Operator shall credit the Members in proportion to their Participating Interest for all Material sold under this Article 4. 4.2 Division in Kind. Division of Material in kind between the Members shall be in proportion of their respective Participating Interests, and corresponding credits shall be made to the Company Account. 4.3 Sales. Sales of Material to third parties shall be credited to the Company Account at the net amount received. Any damages or claims by the Purchaser shall be charged back to the Company Account if and when paid. EXHIBIT B, PAGE 6 ARTICLE 5. BASIS OF PRICING MATERIAL TRANSFERRED FROM COMPANY ACCOUNT 5.1 New Price. The term "New Price" as used in this Article 5 shall have the same --------- meaning given in Article 3. 5.2 New Material. New Material (Condition "A") procured for the Company Account but never used shall be priced at 100 percent of current New Price (plus applicable transfer taxes, if any). 5.3 Good Used Material. Good used Material (Condition "B") in sound and serviceable condition, suitable for reuse without reconditioning shall be priced at fair market value. 5.4 Transfers to Operator. No Material shall be transferred to the Operator without prior approval of the Management Committee. 5.5 Major Transfers. Disposition of Material with a fair market value in excess of $10,000 (US) shall be subject to prior approval of the Management Committee. ARTICLE 6. INVENTORIES 6.1 Periodic Inventories. At reasonable intervals, but not less than once a year, inventories shall be taken by the Operator, which shall include all such Material as is ordinarily considered controllable by operators of mining properties. A copy of each inventory shall be given to each Member within 30 days of completion. 6.2 Reconciliation and Adjustment of Inventories. Within a reasonable time after each inventory, Operator shall prepare a reconciliation of inventory with charges to the Joint Account and a list of overages and shortages, and shall submit the list to the Management Committee. Inventory adjustments shall be made by the Operator to the Company Account for overages and shortages. The Operator shall be held accountable to the Venture only for shortages due to Operator's lack of reasonable diligence. EXHIBIT B, PAGE 7 EXHIBIT C --------- TAX PROVISIONS -------------- ARTICLE 1. TAX MATTERS MEMBER 1.1 Designation. Each Member designates the Operator, as designated from time to time pursuant to Article VI and other provisions of the Agreement, as the Tax Matters Member for the purpose of Sections 6221 through 6232 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") and any similar state statute. The Tax Matters Member shall prepare and file federal and state income tax returns on behalf of the Partnership. The Operator shall act as Tax Matters Member so long as that Member is the Operator or until replaced as Tax Matters Member by unanimous vote of the Management Committee, whichever is earlier. In the event of a change in the Tax Matters Member, the Member serving as Tax Matters Member at the end of a taxable year shall continue as Tax Matters Member with respect to all matters concerning such year. 1.2 Information Submission and Review. Each Member agrees to timely furnish to the Tax Matters Member such information as it may have that is required for proper preparation of returns. The Tax Matters Member shall prepare and timely file federal and state income tax returns for the Company and shall use its best efforts in doing so. Prior to filing Company returns, the Tax Matters Member shall submit to each Member for comment and approval a copy of the Company return no later than 45 days before the due date, including any extensions of time to file such return. Approval of the Company return shall not be withheld without reasonable cause. Absence of a negative response within 30 days of receipt by a Member shall conclusively be deemed to be consent by that Member to the return as prepared. The Members shall furnish such information (including, without limitation, information specified in Section 6230(e) of the Code) as the Tax Matters Member may reasonably request to permit it to provide the Internal Revenue Service sufficient information to allow proper notice to the Members in accordance with Section 6223 of the Code. The Tax Matters Member shall keep each Member informed of all administrative and judicial proceedings for adjustment at the Company level of Company items in accordance with Section 6223(g) of the Code. 1.3 Inconsistent Treatment. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by the Management Committee, no Member shall file a statement identifying an inconsistency in the treatment on its return with the treatment of a Company item on the Company return or elect to have Section 6222(b)(2) of the Code apply. Each Member shall give prompt notice to the other Member of any correspondence or communication to or from taxing authorities regarding any aspect of the Company or its Operations. 1.4 Extensions. The Tax Matters Member shall not agree to an extension of the period of limitation for making assessments as provided under Section 6229(b)(1)(B) of the Code EXHIBIT C, PAGE 1 without first obtaining the written consent of the other Member. Any Member, with respect to itself only, may agree to an extension of the period of limitation for making assessments as provided under Section 6229(b)(1)(A) of the Code. 1.5 Request for Administrative Adjustments. No Member shall file, pursuant to Section 6227 of the Code, a request for administrative adjustment of Company items for any taxable year without first notifying all other Members. If all other Members agree with the requested adjustment, the Tax Matters Member shall file a request for administrative adjustment on behalf of the Company. If unanimous consent is not obtained within 30 days, or within the period required to timely file the request for administrative adjustment, if shorter, any Member, including the Tax Matters Member, may file a request for administrative adjustment on its own behalf. 1.6 Judicial Proceedings. Any Member intending to file a petition under Sections 6226, 6228 or other sections of the Code with respect to any Company item or other tax matters involving the Company, shall notify the other Members of such intention and the nature of the contemplated proceeding. If the Tax Matters Member is the Member intending to file such petition, the notice shall be given within a reasonable time to allow the other Members to participate in choosing the forum in which such petition will be filed. If the Members do not agree on the appropriate forum, it shall be decided by majority vote. Each Member shall have a vote in accordance with its Participating Interest. If a majority cannot agree, the Tax Matters Member shall choose the forum. If any Member intends to seek review of any court decision rendered as a result of a proceeding instituted under the preceding part of this Section 1.6, such Member shall notify the other Members of its intended action. 1.7 Settlements. The Tax Matters Member shall not bind any other Member to a settlement agreement without first obtaining the written concurrence of any such Member. Any other Member who enters into a settlement agreement with respect to any Company items, as defined by Section 6231(a)(3) of the Code, shall notify the other Members of such settlement agreement and its terms within 90 days after the settlement. 1.8 Fees and Expenses. Any Member may engage legal counsel, certified public accountants, or others on its own behalf and at its sole cost and expense. Any reasonable item of expense, including but not limited to fees and expenses for legal counsel, certified public accountants, and others, that the Tax Matters Member incurs on behalf of the Company in connection with any return, audit, assessment, litigation, or other proceeding regarding any Company item shall constitute proper charges to the Company Account and shall be borne by the Members as any other direct charge to the Company Account pursuant to the Agreement; provided, however, that the foregoing is subject to such approvals of the Management Committee and budget requirements as are required in the Agreement. 1.9 Survival. The provisions of this Article 1, including but not limited to the obligation to pay fees and expenses contained in Section 1.8, shall survive dissolution of the Company or termination of any Member's interest in the Company and shall remain binding on EXHIBIT C, PAGE 2 the Members for a period of time necessary to resolve with the Internal Revenue Service, the Department of the Treasury and any state agency any and all matters regarding federal or state income taxation of the Company for the tax year(s) in which such Member was a member in the Company ARTICLE 2. TAX ELECTIONS 2.1 Entity Created for Tax Purposes. The Members recognize and intend that the Agreement creates a limited liability company for federal and state income tax purposes, and no Member shall elect to be, or to have the arrangement evidenced by the Agreement and this Exhibit, excluded from application of any provisions of Subchapter K of the Code, or any equivalent state income tax provision. 2.2 Tax Matters Member's Elective Authority. The Tax Matters Member shall make the following elections on behalf of the Company under the Code and the regulations adopted thereunder and any similar state statutes: 2.2.1 To adopt the calendar year as the annual accounting period and taxable year pursuant to Section 706(b)(1) of the Code. 2.2.2 To adopt the accrual method of accounting; 2.2.3 To deduct currently all development costs to the maximum lawful extent as provided in Section 616 of the Code, subject to the provisions of Section 291 of the Code; 2.2.4 To compute cost recovery deductions using the most rapid permissible method; 2.2.5 To amortize start-up expenditures, if any, over a 60-month period in accordance with Section 195(c) of the Code and any similar state statutes; 2.2.6 To treat advance royalties as deductions from gross income for the year paid or accrued to the extent permitted by law; 2.2.7 To apply, under Section 754 of the Code, the special basis adjustment rules of Sections 734(b) and 743(b) of the Code, if a Member requests that such an election be made. Such election shall be filed with the first return for any taxable year in which there has been a transfer of all or a portion of a Member's interest in the Company; and 2.2.8 To make additional elections as may be approved by the Management Committee that will provide accuracy in the returns or minimize the tax liability of one Member without increasing the tax liability of the other Member. EXHIBIT C, PAGE 3 ARTICLE 3. CAPITAL ACCOUNTS 3.1 Capital Accounts. A separate account shall be established and maintained for each Member in accordance with Treas Reg ss. 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv) (a "Capital Account"). Such Capital Account shall be increased by (i) the amount of money contributed by the Member to the Company, (ii) the fair market value (as agreed upon by the Members) of property contributed by the Member to the Company (net of liabilities secured by such contributed property that the Company is considered to assume or take subject to pursuant to the provisions of Section 752 of the Code), and (iii) allocations to the Member of Company income and gain (or items of income and gain), including income and gain exempt from tax, and shall be decreased by (iv) the amount of money distributed to the Member by the Company, (v) the fair market value of property distributed to the Member by the Company (net of liabilities secured by such distributed property that the Member is considered to assume or take subject to pursuant to the provisions of Section 752 of the Code), (vi) allocations to the Member of expenditures of the Company not deductible in computing its taxable income and not properly chargeable to a capital account, and (vii) allocations to the Member of Company loss and deduction (or items of loss and deduction), excluding items described in (vi) above and percentage depletion to the extent it exceeds the adjusted tax basis of the depletable property to which it is attributable (taking into account the provisions of Section 3.2 below). 3.2 Revaluations. The Capital Accounts of the Members shall reflect the fair market value of property in all events in which reflection of such value is permissible or required under Treas Reg ss. 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(d) or (f). In the event that the Capital Accounts of the Members are, in accordance with the preceding sentence, computed with reference to a book value of any Asset that differs from its adjusted tax basis then the Capital Accounts shall be adjusted for depreciation, depletion, amortization, and gain or loss as computed for book purposes with respect to such Asset in accordance with Treas Reg ss. 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(g). Revaluation shall be computed using the procedure described in the last sentence of Section 5.1. 3.3 Transfer of Interest. If any interest in the Company is transferred in accordance with the terms of the Agreement, the transferee shall succeed to the Capital Account of the transferor to the extent it relates to the transferred interest, except as provided in Treas Reg ss. 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(1). 3.4 Compliance with Regulations. The foregoing provisions, and other provisions of this Exhibit relating to maintenance of Capital Accounts and allocation of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit, are intended to comply with Treas Reg ss. 1.704-1(b), and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with that Regulation. If the Management Committee determines by unanimous vote that it is prudent to modify the manner in which Capital Accounts, or any debits or credits thereto, are computed in order to comply with Treas Reg ss. 1.704-1(b), the Management Committee may make such modification, provided that the modification is not likely to have a material effect on the amount distributable to any Member upon liquidation of the Company pursuant to Article 5. EXHIBIT C, PAGE 4 ARTICLE 4. ALLOCATIONS The Members further agree that all items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit shall, subject to Article 5, be allocated as follows: 4.1 Expenditures, Costs and Expenses. Expenditures (but not expenditures that are reflected in improvements subject to allowances for depreciation under Section 167 of the Code) and all other classes of costs and expenses (including delay or other rentals, royalties, bonuses and other payments attributable to the Company that are necessary to acquire and maintain any interest in property) of the Company, including expenditures of the Company described in Section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code, shall be allocated to each Member in accordance with its respective contribution to such costs, expenses and expenditures. 4.2 Depreciation and Loss. Except as provided in Section 4.10, depreciation and loss with respect to a depreciable Asset shall be allocated among the Members in accordance with their respective contributions to the original basis of the Asset that gives rise to the depreciation or loss deduction and to the original basis of any improvement to any such Asset. 4.3 Depletion and Loss. Except as provided in Section 4.10, cost depletion and any loss with respect to a depletable property (as defined in Section 614 of the Code) shall be allocated to the Members in accordance with their respective contributions to the adjusted basis of the depletable property. Percentage depletion under Section 613 of the Code shall be allocated (i) in the same manner as cost depletion to the extent it does not exceed cost depletion and (ii) to the extent percentage depletion exceeds cost depletion, to the Members in the same proportion as their distributive share of gross income from-the depletable property (as determined under Section 613(c) of the Code) for the year in which such depletion is allowable. 4.4 Other Deductions and Losses. Except as provided in Section 4.10, all deductions and losses not described in Sections 4.1 through 4.3 above shall be allocated among the Members in accordance with their respective contributions to the costs producing each such deduction or to the adjusted basis of the Asset producing each such loss. 4.5 Distributed Property. All unrealized income, gain, deduction or loss associated with Products or other property distributed in kind to any Member shall be reflected in the Capital Accounts of the Members as if such Products or other property had been sold by the Company for fair market value, as agreed by the Members. 4.6 Gain on Depreciable Assets. Except as provided in Section 4.10, any gain recognized on sale or other disposition of a depreciable Asset shall be allocated (i) to the extent such gain does not exceed the amount of depreciation claimed with respect to such Asset, to the Members in proportion to the amount of such depreciation previously allocated to, or claimed by, them, and (ii) to the extent of any remaining gain to the Members in accordance with their Participating Interests. EXHIBIT C, PAGE 5 4.7 Exploration Recapture and Depletion Disallowances. Any recapture of exploration expenses under Section 617(b)(1)(A) of the Code, and any increase in taxable income realized by reason of the disallowance of depletion under Section 617(b)(1)(B) of the Code, shall be allocated to the Members in the same manner as the related exploration expenses or depletion deductions were allocated. 4.8 Other Income and Gain. Except as provided in Section 4.10, all other items of income and gain (including any unrealized income or gain from distribution of Products) shall be allocated to the Members in accordance with their Participating Interests; provided however, that if, after allocations required by Sections 4.1 through 4.7 and 4.10, the Capital Accounts of the Members do not bear the same relationship to each other as do their Participating Interests, then gain and income (other than any unrealized income or gain from distribution of Products) shall be allocated to the deficient Member as necessary to cause the Capital Accounts of the Members to bear the same relationship to each other as do their Participating Interests. 4.9 Credits. All tax credits shall be allocated to the Members in proportion to their Participating Interests at the time the credit is allowed. Any credit recapture shall be allocated to the Members in the same proportion as the related credit was allocated. 4.10 Section 704(c) of the Code. In accordance with Section 704(c) of the Code, income, gain, loss and deductions with respect to property contributed to the Company by a Member or with respect to property reflected in Capital Accounts pursuant to Section 3.2 at a value other than its adjusted basis for tax purposes shall, solely for tax purposes, be allocated among the Members so as to take account of the variation between the basis of the property to the Company and its fair market value at the time of contribution or revaluation. 4.11 Respective Contributions. In determining a Member's respective contribution to a cost or expense in any year, all Members shall be considered to contribute to each class of cost or expense in the same proportion that the funds contributed by a Member for that year bear to the funds contributed by all Members for that year. Payments made with income of the Company shall be considered as funded with contributions by each Member equal to the product of its Participating Interest and such payments. Costs or expenses paid with proceeds of Company borrowing shall be considered as funded with contributions by each Member equal to the product of the amount of the borrowing and that Member's Participating Interest at the time of the borrowing. 4.12 Minimum Gain Chargeback. Notwithstanding anything in Article 4 of this Exhibit C to the contrary, if there is a net decrease in Company minimum gain for a Company taxable year, then each Member shall be allocated items of income and gain for such year (and if necessary for subsequent years) in proportion to, and to the extent of, an amount equal to the greater of (i) the portion of such Member's share of the net decrease in Company minimum gain during such year that is allocable to the disposition of Company property subject to one or more nonrecourse liabilities of the Company, or (ii) the deficit balance in such Member's capital account at the end of such year. Further, if there is a net decrease during a Company taxable EXHIBIT C, PAGE 6 year in the minimum gain attributable to a Member's nonrecourse debt, then any Member with a share of the minimum gain attributable to such debt at the beginning of such year shall be allocated items of income and gain in accordance with Treas Reg 1.704-1T(b)(4)(iv)(h)(4). This Paragraph 4.12 is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement of Treas. Reg. 1.704-1T(b)(4)(iv)(e) and (h) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith. 4.13 Curative Allocations. The allocation set forth in Paragraph 4.12 is intended to comply with certain requirements of Treas. Reg. 1.704-1T(b)(4). Paragraph 4.12 may not be consistent with the manner in which the Members intend to divide Company distributions. Accordingly, the Operator is authorized by this Paragraph 4.13 to divide other allocations of profits, losses, and other items among the Members so as to prevent Paragraph 4.12 from distorting the manner in which Company distributions will be divided among the Members pursuant to this Exhibit C. In general, the Members anticipate that this will be accomplished by specifically allocating other profits, losses, and items of income, gain, loss, and deduction among the Members so that the net amount of the allocations pursuant to Paragraph 4.12 and such special allocations to each Member is zero. However, the Operator shall have discretion to accomplish this result in any reasonable manner. ARTICLE 5. TERMINATION PROCEDURE If the Company or a Member's interest in the Company is "liquidated" within the meaning of Treas Reg ss. 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g) then, notwithstanding any other provision of this Exhibit to the contrary, the following steps shall be taken: 5.1 Actual and Hypothetical Gain or Loss. The Capital Accounts of the Members shall be adjusted to reflect any gain or loss realized by the Company or that would be realized by the Company if the Assets had been sold at their fair market value at the time of liquidation as follows: If the Capital Accounts of the Members do not bear the same relationship to each other as do their Participating Interests, then (i) income and gain shall be allocated to deficient Members as necessary to cause the Capital Accounts of the Members to bear the same relationship to each other as do their Participating Interests; and (ii) any remaining gain or income and all losses shall be allocated to the Members in accordance with Participating Interests. The fair market value of the Assets shall be determined by the Members; provided, however, that if the Members fail to agree on the fair market value of any Asset, its fair market value shall be determined in accordance with Section 6.2. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the liquidation occurs during the Initial Contribution Period, and there is a distribution of property to Pegasus pursuant to Section 3.2 and Section 13.4, then any unrealized gain or loss arising by reason of such transfer and subject to Section 4.5 of this Exhibit C (taking into account the provisions of Section 3.2 of this Exhibit C) shall be allocated to Pegasus and reflected in its Capital Account. For purposes of this Section 5.1, allocations shall be considered to be made first from actual income or gain to the extent of such income or gain and then from hypothetical income or gain to the extent of such income or gain. EXHIBIT C, PAGE 7 5.2 Deficit Restoration. Following the adjustments described in Section 5.1, any Member with a negative balance in its Capital Account or, in the case of liquidation of the interest of a Member without liquidating the Company, that Member, shall contribute the amount of cash to the Company necessary to eliminate any deficit balance in its Capital Account. Such contribution shall be made by the end of the taxable year in which the liquidation occurs (or, if later, within 90 days after the date of such liquidation). 5.3 Liquidations After the Initial Contribution Period. Following the adjustments described in Sections 5.1 and 5.2, if the liquidation occurs after the Initial Contribution Period and Capital Account balance of any Member (stated as a percentage of the Capital Account balances of all Members) is not equal to the Member's Participating Interest, then any Member whose Capital Account balance is less than its Participating Interest shall have the option, but not the obligation, exercisable within 30 days after determination of final Capital Account balances and before distribution of Assets in kind, to contribute a sufficient amount of cash to the Company to cause its Capital Account balance and Participating Interest to be in parity. 5.4 Distribution of Assets. After making the foregoing adjustments and contributions, in the case of actual liquidation of the Company, the net proceeds of liquidation of the Assets or, if applicable, the Assets themselves shall be distributed and applied by the Company in the following order of priority: 5.4.1 To payment of debts and liabilities of the Company other than debts to the Members; 5.4.2 To payment of debts and liabilities of the Company to the Members; 5.4.3 To payment of expenses of liquidation; 5.4.4 To establishment of any reserves that the Members may agree are reasonably necessary for any contingent or unforeseen liabilities or obligations of the Company; and 5.4.5 To the Members to the extent of any positive balances in their Capital Accounts, in accordance with Treas Reg ss. 1.704-1(b). In the case of liquidation of the interest of a Member without liquidating the Company, after making the adjustments and contributions required by Sections 5.1 and 5.2 and allowed by Section 5.3, Assets or the net proceeds of liquidation of Assets shall be distributed to the liquidated Member in an amount equal to that Member's positive Capital Account balance, if any, in accordance with Treas Reg ss. 1.704-1(b). Assets distributed to the Members pursuant to this Section 5.4 shall be deemed to have a fair market value equal to the value assigned to them pursuant to Section 5.1. In case of actual liquidation of the Company, unless the Members expressly agree otherwise, each Member shall receive an undivided interest in each and every EXHIBIT C, PAGE 8 Asset determined by the ratio of the amount of that Member's Capital Account to the total of all Members' Capital Accounts. ARTICLE 6. CONFLICTS 6.1 Conflicts with Agreement. In the event of a conflict or inconsistency, whether it be direct or indirect, between the terms and conditions of this Exhibit and the terms and conditions of any other Article of the Agreement or any Exhibit attached thereto, the terms and conditions of this Exhibit shall govern and control. 6.2 Fair Market Value. If the Members are unable to agree upon the fair market value of Assets for any purpose of this Exhibit, then they shall select a qualified appraiser who shall determine fair market value. If the Members are unable to agree upon an appraiser for this purpose, then each shall choose an appraiser and the chosen appraisers shall agree upon a third, who shall determine fair market value for purposes of this Exhibit. ARTICLE 7. DEFINED TERMS 7.1 Meaning of Capitalized Terms. Capitalized terms used in this Exhibit that are not defined in this Exhibit shall have the meaning given such terms in the Agreement to which this Exhibit is attached. EXHIBIT C, PAGE 9 EXHIBIT "D" TO THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT ("Agreement") DATED _____, 1997 BY AND BETWEEN PEGASUS GOLD INTERNATIONAL, INC. ("Pegasus") AND MINERA ANDES ("Minera Andes") Net Profits Royalty Deed ------------------------ THIS DEED (the "Deed") is entered into and made effective this ____ day of _______, 199__ (the "Effective Date"), by Arroyo Verde Company, a Washington limited liability company (the "Company"), and ________________________, a ______________ corporation ("Grantee"). 1. Conveyance of Royalty Interest. Pursuant to Section 4.7 of the Limited Liability Company Agreement dated ____________, 19__ (the "Agreement"), and in consideration of Grantee's relinquishment of its Participating Interest in the Company, the Company grants and conveys unto Grantee a Net Profits Royalty as more particularly described below. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Deed shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Agreement. 2. No Covenant to Explore or Produce. The nature, location, conduct and extent of the Company's investigation, exploration, examination, development, working, mining, milling or other beneficiation operations on the Property, if any, and the cessation and resumption of such activities, shall be at the sole discretion of the Company. The Members agree that the valuable consideration given for this Deed is in lieu of any express or implied covenant of diligent development or any other implied covenant applicable to this Deed. A default by the Company in payment of the Net Profits Royalty shall not work a rescission of this Deed. 3. Net Profits Royalty. 3.1 Net Profits Royalty. The Company agrees to pay Grantee a production royalty equal to ten percent (10%) of the Net Profits (the "Net Profits Royalty") from the Sale or Deemed Sale of Mineral Products mined and sold from the Property. All gold and silver ore mined and removed from the Property may be processed first into dore' by heap leaching, milling or any other method generally accepted in the mining industry now or in the future, or may be sold to any third party as raw ore or concentrates. If gold and silver dore' are produced by the Company, then the dore' shall be processed into Refined Material either in the Company's own facilities or through any commercially reasonable custom refining contract. The Net Profits Royalty on Mineral Products other than gold and silver that are processed into EXHIBIT D, PAGE 1 Refined Material before sale (including without limitation gold or silver ore sold raw or as concentrates) shall be based upon Payments received by the Company for the Sale of such Mineral Product. The Net Profits Royalty on gold and silver processed into Refined Material shall be based upon the Deemed Payments received for the Deemed Sale of Refined Material. The Net Profits Royalty shall not apply to any Mineral that is used or consumed on the Property. 3.2 Definitions. For the purpose of calculating the Net Profits Royalty: (a) "Deductions" shall mean: (1) All costs and expenses mining and processing Mineral Products including without limitation the capital cost of production facilities and the cost of replacing, expanding, modifying, altering or changing such facilities from time to time at the discretion of the Company. Costs and expenses of improvements (such as haulage ways or mill facilities) that are also used in connection with workings other than the Properties shall be charged to the Properties only in the proportion that their use in connection with the Properties bears to their total use. (2) ad valorem real property and personal property taxes, and all taxes, other than income taxes, applicable to the Assets and the Operations, including without limitation all mining taxes, sale taxes, employment taxes, severance taxes, royalties, license fees and governmental levies of a similar nature. (3) all expenses incurred relative to the sale of Mineral Products, including without limitation ore treatment costs, charges, penalties, or refining charges and all umpire charges, whether such charges or penalties are made by the Company, the purchaser of the Product or a third party; all transportation, storage and insurance costs incurred in connection with the transportation of the Mineral Products from the mine to a mill or other treatment facility and from such facility to the place and time of a final Sale or Deemed Sale, and any commissions paid on the Sale of such Mineral Products. (4) all amounts payable to the Operator of the Company as compensation for services. (5) the actual cost of investment incurred by the nonwithdrawing Member prior to the beginning of Mining which shall include all expenditures for Exploration and Development of the Property incurred by the nonwithdrawing Member subsequent to the withdrawing Participant acquiring a Net Profits Royalty interest. (6) interest on moneys borrowed or advanced (the term "advanced" shall also include internal funds utilized by the Company in lieu of borrowed funds) for costs and expenses subsequent to the withdrawing Participant acquiring this Net Profits Royalty, at an annual rate equal to five (5) percentage points over the prime rate in effect from EXHIBIT D, PAGE 2 time to time for commercial loans quoted by the Bank of America, at its main branch in San Francisco, California, to its most creditworthy customers, but in no event in excess of the maximum permitted by law. (7) an allowance for reasonable working capital and inventory. (8) an allowance for reasonably anticipated reclamation costs. (9) an allowance for overhead expenditures in accordance with generally accepted accounting procedures. It is intended that the nonwithdrawing Member shall recoup from net cash flow all of its contributions for Exploration, Development, Mining, and marketing Mineral Products before any Net Profits Royalty are distributed to any person holding a Net Profits Royalty interest. No deduction shall be made for income taxes, depreciation, amortization or depletion. If in any year after the beginning of Mining an operating loss relative is incurred, the amount of such operating loss shall be considered as and be included with outstanding costs and expenses and carried forward in determining Net Profits Royalty for subsequent periods. If the Company Operator causes any processing, refining, handling or sales of Mineral Products to be performed by an Affiliate of the Operator, the cost of such services, for the purpose of calculating Deductions shall not be more than Operator would have paid a nonaffiliated third party for such services. (b) "Deemed Payments" shall mean the Fair Market Value of Refined Material upon a Deemed Sale of refined gold and silver mined from and attributable to the Property; (c) A "Deemed Sale" shall occur upon the deposit of Refined Material mined from and attributable to the Property into the Company's consignment account by a refiner; (d) "Fair Market Value" of Refined Material mined from and attributable to the Property shall be determined on a unit basis as follows: (i) Refined gold bullion shall be valued on the basis of the average of the daily London Bullion Brokers Second Gold Fixing for the five (5) business days prior to the deposit of the bullion into the Company's account at the refiner's place of business; (ii) Refined silver bullion shall be valued on the basis of the average of the daily Handy & Harman Noon Silver Quotation for the five (5) business days prior to the deposit of the bullion into the Company's account at the refiner's place of business. EXHIBIT D, PAGE 3 (e) "Minerals" means all minerals and mineral resources of any kind or nature. (f) "Mineral Products" means all materials and ores on or in the Property which contain Minerals and which are sold, processed or refined for their Mineral content and all products derived from such processing or refining including without limitation dore bullion, precipitates and concentrates of Minerals. (g) "Net Profits" shall mean Payments plus Deemed Payments minus Deductions; (h) "Payments" shall mean the gross amount of payments received by the Company from the Sale of Mineral Products mined and Sold from and attributable to the Property other than Refined Material (excluding profits or proceeds of futures contracts, forward sales, hedging or any other similar marketing mechanism); (i) "Refined Material" shall mean gold and silver mined and removed from and attributable to the Property and refined to final gold and silver bullion standards of at least 99.95 percent pure gold and 99.9 percent pure silver; and (j) A "Sale" of Mineral Products, other than Refined Material, shall occur upon the passing of title from the Company in conjunction with the physical delivery of the Mineral Products to a buyer. 3.3 Payment. The Net Profits Royalty shall be paid to Grantee quarterly within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter in which the relevant Net Profits are realized. Payments or tenders of royalties may be made by mailing or delivering cash, or the Company's bank draft or wire transfer, to Grantee's agent on or before the date for payment. Payment shall be accompanied by a settlement sheet indicating the calculation of the Net Profits Royalty by the Company, and stating the number of units of Mineral Products Sold, or Deemed Sold, the Payments or Deemed Payments received and the amount of Deductions. Each settlement sheet provided by the Company shall be deemed correct and binding upon Grantee unless the Company receives a written objection from Grantee within one year after the Company's payment under this Section 3.3. 3.4 Futures Contracts. The Company shall have no duty to account to Grantee, and Grantee shall have no interest or right of participation in, any profits or proceeds of futures contracts, forward sales, hedging or any other similar marketing mechanism employed by the Company or its affiliates with respect to any Minerals produced from the Property. The Net Profits Royalty shall be based solely on the Payments or Deemed Payments received for Mineral Products produced and sold from and attributable to the Property. The Company shall have no duty to fulfill any futures contracts, forward sales, hedging or other contracts that the Company or any of its affiliates may hold with Mineral Products from the Property. EXHIBIT D, PAGE 4 3.5 Payment in Kind. The Company shall have the right to pay any Net Profits Royalty due to Grantee in kind by directing a refiner to deposit into a separate consignment account, in Grantee's name, an amount of refined gold or silver equal in value to the Net Profits Royalty owed. The value of gold or silver shall be Fair Market Value as of the date of payment. 3.6 Sampling. No Net Profits Royalty will be due on any Minerals extracted or removed from the Property for the purposes of sampling, testing, analysis or evaluation in order to determine Mineral values and metallurgical properties of such Minerals. 3.7 Payment. Payments shall be made directly to the Member in question. 3.8 The Company's Taxpayer I.D. Nos. For the purposes of reporting to the Internal Revenue Service payments made by the Company to Grantee, Grantee's Taxpayer I.D. or Social Security No. is as follows: _____________________________________ ------------------------------. 3.9 No Obligation to Produce. The Company shall have no obligation, express or implied, to explore for or to produce any Mineral Product from the Property, nor, if the Company is producing gold and silver, to sell or save any substance other than gold and silver; provided, however, that the Company shall not receive any Payment or Deemed Payment from the Sale or Deemed Sale of any Mineral Product removed from the Property without payment to Grantee of royalties contemplated by this Deed. If the Company stockpiles upon other lands any Minerals produced from and attributable to the Property, the rights and liens of Grantee in and to such Minerals stockpiled on other lands shall not be divested, but shall be the same in all respects as though such materials have been stockpiled on the Property. If the other lands are not owned by the Company, the Company shall obtain from the owners of the other lands a properly executed instrument under which the owners of the other lands recognize the interests and liens Grantee in and to ore and Minerals produced from the Property prior to any such stockpiling. 3.10 Sales to Affiliates. If Mineral Products other than Refined Materials mined from and attributable to the Property are Sold to any Affiliate of the Company, then the Payments received by the Company shall be deemed to be no less than the Fair Market Value of such Mineral Products. 3.11 Commingling. The Company may commingle ore from the Property with ore from property owned by third persons, provided that commingling occurs only after the Company has measured and sampled the ore in accordance with sound mining and metallurgical practices for moisture and gross recoverable mineral or metal content and assayed the samples to determine the percentage of recoverable Mineral content or other methods consistent with generally accepted industry standards. The Company shall keep accurate records showing weights, percentage of moisture and gross recoverable Mineral content of the ore or other records consistent with generally accepted industry standards. Mineral value shall be EXHIBIT D, PAGE 5 allocated between the Grantee's ore and other ore on the basis of gross recoverable Mineral content or other allocations consistent with generally accepted industry standards. The Company may use any procedures acceptable in the mining and metallurgical industry which the Company believes to be accurate and cost-effective for the type of mining and processing activity being conducted, and the Company's choice of such procedures shall be final and binding on Grantee. In addition, comparable procedures may be used by the Company to apportion among the commingled ores any penalty charges imposed by the refiner on commingled ores or concen trates. 3.12 Assignment of Royalty. Grantee agrees that it will not make or accept any bona fide offer to sell or otherwise assign or transfer any interest in the royalty interest described in this Deed without first offering to sell or otherwise assign or transfer such rights to the Company on the same terms and conditions or on cash-equivalent terms and conditions. Grantee will give notice of any such offer to the Company in writing identifying the proposed purchaser and specifying the terms of the offer in full, and Grantee will keep such offer open for acceptance by the Company for at least 30 days from its receipt by the Company. If the Company fails to give notice of its acceptance of the offer within such 30-day period, Grantee will be free to make or accept such offer (or any like offer more favorably to Grantee) to such identified purchaser for a period of 90 days. Any proposed assignment or transfer after such 90-day period shall once again be subject to the rights of the Company as specified in this paragraph. 4. Inspection. The Company agrees to keep full, true and accurate accounts showing the tonnages and all shipments and Sales or Deemed Sales of all Mineral Products mined from and attributable to the Property and all receipts in connection with such Sales or Deemed Sales. Said accounts and receipts may be inspected by Grantee once annually at any reasonable time, and in a reasonable manner so as to not unreasonably interfere with the Company's operations after Grantee has given the Company five (5) days written notice of the date of such inspection. In addition, Grantee may visit and inspect the Property at any reasonable time after five (5) business days written notice of the date of such inspection, at Grantee's sole risk and expense, in a reasonable manner so as to not unreasonably interfere with the Company's operations. The Company may require Grantee's representatives to execute waivers releasing the Company from liability for personal injury while on the Property. Grantee shall indemnify and hold the Company, its Members, and their respective owners, directors, officers, employees and agents harmless for all damages arising out of any death, personal injury or property damage sustained by Grantee, its officers, directors, employees or other agents while in or upon the Property, unless such death, injury or damage arises solely as a result of the Company's gross negligence or willful misconduct. 5. Lesser Interest. If it is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction or by binding agreement that the Company owned, on the date of this Deed a lesser interest in the Property or in the Minerals and Mineral Products contained in any portion of the Property than the interest shown on attached Appendix I for reasons other than the gross negligence or willful misconduct of a Member of the Company other than the Grantee, then each and every sum EXHIBIT D, PAGE 6 otherwise payable to Grantee under the Net Profits Royalty provisions above shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the percentage interest in the Property or in the Minerals and Mineral Products owned by the Company and the denominator of which is the percentage interest in such portion of the Property or in the Minerals and Mineral Products from such portion of the Property shown on attached Appendix I. Failure of the Company to timely reduce any royalties or payments shall not impair the Company's right to subsequently make such reductions. 6. Notices. All notices provided for in this Deed shall be in writing and delivered personally or by courier, or by electronic transmission or by certified mail, and shall be deemed given upon actual receipt by the addressee, as shown by certified mail or courier receipt or electronic confirmation of transmission, to the following addresses (unless otherwise changed by written notice of the parties): To the Company: To the Grantee: 7. Notice of Assignment. No change in ownership of Grantee's royalty interest shall be binding on the Company until after the Company has been given notice consisting of certified copies or documents necessary to establish a complete chain of title from Grantee in compliance with Argentinean law. No other type of notice, whether actual or constructive, shall be binding on the Company, and the Company may continue to make payments as if no change had occurred. No present or future division of Grantee's ownership as to all or any part of said lands shall enlarge the obligations or diminish the rights of Grantee, and the Company may disregard any such division. 8. Further Assurances. Grantee agrees to execute, or provide such further assurances as may be reasonably requested by the Company, whenever requested to do so by the Company. 9. Applicable Law. This Deed shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Washington and the United States. EXHIBIT D, PAGE 7 The Members have executed this instrument, by duly authorized officer, as of the Effective Date. The Company: By:_________________________________ Grantee By:_________________________________ [acknowledgments] EXHIBIT D, PAGE 8 EXHIBIT E ARROYO VERDE PROJECT, CHUBUT ARGENTINA EXPLORATION PROGRAM AND BUDGET YEAR ONE (1997-1998) The first year planned exploration program at Arroyo Verde comprises a systematic evaluation in three phases. Allowances for flexibility in the work plan are assumed depending upon the results and interpretations developed in each phase. Work totaling $397,725 is planned as outlined below: PHASE I Detailed geologic mapping, re-logging drill cuttings and orientation geophysical and geochemical studies. Duration: 3 months Projected expenditure: $48,300 PHASE II Grid survey, geophysical and geochemical surveys. Duration: 2 months Projected expenditure: $119,300 PHASE III 2,000 meter reverse-circulation drilling program Duration: 2.5 months Projected expenditure: $230,125 EXHIBIT E, PAGE 1
PHASE I: DETAILED MAPPING, ORIENTATION SURVEYS - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Description Rate Amount Cost ----------- ---- ------ ---- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Geologist $275/day 75 days $20,625 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4WD Vehicle 1,100/month 2.5 months 2,750 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fuel $0.25/km 5,000 km 1,250 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Food/Supplies $15/day 75 days 1,125 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lodging/Food $70/day 75 days 5,250 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Supplies 800 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Phone, Miscellaneous 500 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maps, Reproduction 2,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Geophysics Orientation Survey 8,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Geochemistry Orientation Survey 4,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Land and Legal 2,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PHASE 1 TOTAL $48,300 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXHIBIT E, PAGE 2
PHASE II: GRID SURVEYS, GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL SURVEYS - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Description Rate Amount Cost ----------- ---- ------ ---- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Geologist $275/day 50 days $13,750 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Samplers $75/day 40 days 3,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Surveying 1,500 ha 10,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Two 4WD Vehicles $1,100/month 2 months 4,400 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fuel $0.25/km 5,000 km 1,250 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Food/Lodging $75/day 200 days 15,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Field Supplies 1,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Phone, Misc. 500 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maps, Reproduction 2,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Geophysics (method to be 50,000 decided) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Biogeochemistry $21/sample 400 samples 8,400 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Enzyme Leach $25/sample 400 samples 10,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Land and Legal 5,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PHASE II TOTAL $119,300 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXHIBIT E, PAGE 3
PHASE III: DRILLING--2,000 METERS - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Description Rate Amount Cost ----------- ---- ------ ---- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Geologist $275/day 75 days $20,625 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jr. Geologist $100/day 60 days 6,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Drilling $50/meter 2,000 meters 100,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Two 4WD Vehicles $1,100/month 2.5 months 5,500 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fuel $0.25/km 6,000 km X 2 3,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Food/Lodging $75/day 6 X 60 days 27,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Drill Supplies 2,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Assays $25/sample 1,400 samples 35,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dozer 10,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mobe/Demobe 6,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Environmental Report 5,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Land and Legal 10,000 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PHASE III TOTAL $230,125 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL FOR 1997 - 1998: $397,725
EXHIBIT E, PAGE 4
EX-11.1 3 STATEMENT RE COMUTATION OF PER SHARE LOSS
Exhibit 11.1 Computation of Loss Per Share Period from July 1, 1994 Years Ended (commencement) December 31, December 31, through 1997 1996 December 31, 1997 ------------ ------------- ----------------- Loss for the period $ 4,306,897 $ 1,250,506 $ 7,087,467 ============ ============= ============ Shares used in computing loss per share: Weighted average shares outstanding (Note 1) 17,724,935 12,722,871 11,483,718 ============ ============= ============ Loss per share $ 0.24 $ 0.10 $ 0.62 ============ ============= ============ Note 1: Due to the net losses incurred during each of the periods presented, common share equivalents are anti-dilutive and have been excluded from the computation.
EX-23.1 4 CONSENT OF COOPERS & LYBRAND Exhibit 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Form S-8 (File No. 333-34023) of Minera Andes Inc. of our report dated March 3, 1998, on our audit of the consolidated financial statements of Minera Andes Inc. as of December 31, 1997 and for the year then ended, which report is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-KSB. Coopers & Lybrand Vancouver, B.C. March 27, 1998 EX-27 5 FINANCIAL DATA SCHEDUL
5 This schedule contains summary financial information extracted from the audited consolidated financial statements of Minera Andes Inc. for the year ended December 31, 1997 and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such financial statements. YEAR DEC-31-1997 DEC-31-1997 4,003,519 0 212,533 0 0 4,216,052 3,510,267 62,430 7,663,889 197,441 0 0 0 15,132,262 (7,665,814) 7,663,889 0 0 0 0 4,306,897 0 0 (4,306,897) 0 (4,306,897) 0 0 0 (4,306,897) (0.24) 0
EX-99.1 6 LETTER OF AGREEMENT OF MACKAY & PARTNERS March 27, 1998 Our File No. 20427160 --------------------- Securities and Exchange Commission Judiciary Plaza 450 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20549 U.S.A. Re: MINERA ANDES INC. Dear Sirs: We have reviewed the disclosure regarding change of accountants to be included in Part II, Item 8 of Form 10-KSB of Minera Andes Inc. for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997. We agree with the statements made by Minera Andes Inc. in this disclosure. Yours truly, MacKay & Partners Glenn Ohlhauser, C.A.
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