The related parties are defined as affiliates of our Company; entities for which investments are accounted for by the equity method by our Company; the principal owners of our Company; its management; members of the immediate families of the principal owners of our Company and its management.

Moon View Venture Limited (“Moon View”), PEWC, Singapore Branch, PEWC Singapore Co. (Pte) Ltd., Taiwan Submarine Cable Co., Ltd, and PEWC (HK) are controlled by PEWC. Moon View is the immediate holding company of our Company. Italian-Thai Development Public Company Limited (“Italian-Thai”) is the non-controlling shareholder of one of our Company’s operating subsidiaries in Thailand. SPHC is one of our Company’s equity investees. Fujikura Limited is a non-controlling shareholder of one of our Company’s operating subsidiaries in Thailand.


		As of December 31,
		2023	2022
		US$’000	US$’000
Amounts due from related parties
The ultimate parent company	PEWC	107	147
	PEWC, Singapore Branch	14	5
	PEWC (HK)	130	4,177
	Taiwan Submarine Cable Co., Ltd	—	65
	PACIFIC UNION CO., LTD.	13	—

Associate	SPHC	171	170

Non-controlling shareholder of subsidiary	Italian-Thai and its affiliates	933	6,454
		1,368	11,018
Amounts due to related parties
The ultimate parent company	PEWC	5,849	14,814
	PEWC Singapore Co. (Pte) Ltd.	400	400
	PEWC (HK)	1	26
	SUMI-PAC CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, LTD.	299	—
	PACIFIC UNION CO., LTD.	17	—

Associate	SPHC	1,362	1,362

Others		13	11
		7,941	16,613
Contract liabilities
The ultimate parent company	PEWC	—	137

On July 10, 2020, APWC entered into a secured loan agreement with PEWC as lender. In August 2020, we borrowed the principal amount of $6 million under the Secured Loan from PEWC, pledging our Company’s 98.3% ownership stake in Sigma Cable as collateral. This loan was a straight loan with a fixed interest rate of 3% per annum. In June 2021, such loan was repaid in full to PEWC, and the facility was terminated.

Our Company applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for trade receivables. To measure the expected credit losses, trade receivables have been grouped based on shared credit risk characteristics and the days past due. The expected loss rates are based on our Company’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted to reflect current and forward-looking information on general economic conditions affecting the ability of the customers to settle the receivables.

See Note 27(b) credit risk of trade receivables for discussions on how our Company manages and measures credit quality of trade receivables that are neither past due nor impaired.


		For the year ended December 31,
		2023	2022	2021
		US$’000	US$’000	US$’000
The ultimate parent company
PEWC	Purchases	23,093	24,914	20,359
	Sales	14	—	5,254
	Fabrication income received	—	—	25
	Construction income received	1,006	3	—
	Management fee received	29	10	—
	Management fee paid	205	172	153
	Information technology service fee paid	132	120	113
	Training fee paid	—	—	110
	Interest expenses paid	—	—	91
	Rental fee paid	104	18	—
	Vehicle sale proceeds received	18	—	—
	Materials purchased for interior office redecorating	—	8	—
SUMI-PAC CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, LTD.	Rental fee received	26	—	—
	Service fee received	31	—	—
	Purchases	280	—	—
Pacific Charity Foundation	Rental fee received	9	—	—
PACIFIC UNION CO., LTD.	Construction income received	11	—	—


		For the year ended December 31,
		2023	2022	2021
		US$’000	US$’000	US$’000
Chung-Tai Technology Development Engineering Corporation	Rental fee received	11	—	—
	Service fee received	1	—	—
PEWC, Singapore Branch	Management fee received	—	—	14
PEWC (HK)	Sales	7,437	18,309	25,127
	Service fee paid	67	156	219

Non-controlling shareholder of subsidiary
Italian Thai and its affiliates	Sales	5,230	8,772	6,613
	Construction of factory building expenses	—	—	1,651
	Loss allowance	4,565	—	—

Others	Fabrication cost	150	277	350
	Vehicle sale proceeds received	25	—	—

As of December 31, 2023, our Company has an outstanding balance from product sales to Italian-Thai, amounting to $5.6 million. The majority of this outstanding payment, amounting to $4.6 million, was overdue by more than one year. In 2023, our Company recognized a loss allowance of $4.6 million. This decision was based on several factors, including (1) Italian-Thai’s 2023 financial statement being issued with a disclaimer of opinion related to scope limitation, primarily due to a going concern issue; (2) our Company has not obtained any collateral or guarantees related to the unpaid payments; and (3) Italian-Thai’s current financial condition, as evidenced by relevant News and credit rating information in Thailand. Considering the aforementioned factors, our management deemed it appropriate to record a full loss allowance in 2023.

The sales to and purchases from related parties are based on negotiation by the entities. Outstanding balances at the year-end are unsecured and interest free. There have been no guarantees provided or received for any related party receivables or payables. This assessment is undertaken each financial year through examining the financial position of the related party and the market in which the related party operates.

Our Company purchases from PEWC copper rods as raw materials, low to high voltage power cable, and wire for distribution purposes. The purchase price from PEWC is determined by reference to the quoted copper prices on the LME. No sales commission was received from PEWC during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Our Company leased office from PEWC. The lease terms and prices were both determined in accordance with mutual agreements. The rental fee were paid to PEWC monthly; the related expenses were both classified under manufacturing, selling, and administrative , research and development expenses.

(i)PEWC will sell copper rod to our Company, upon our Company’s request, (1) at a price consisting of the average spot price of copper on the LME for the one month prior to purchase plus an agreed upon premium, (2) at prices and on terms at least as favorable as it provides copper rod to other purchasers of similar amounts of copper rod in the same markets as PEWC and (3) will give priority in the supply of copper rod to our Company over other purchasers of copper rod from PEWC.

(ii)PEWC grants to our Company the right to distribute any wire or cable product manufactured by PEWC in all markets in which our Company presently distributes or develops the capability to distribute in the future, such products on such terms as have historically been in effect or on terms at least as favorable as PEWC grants to third parties that distribute such products in such markets. However, PEWC shall not be required to grant to our Company the right to distribute products manufactured by PEWC in the future in markets where our Company does not currently have the capability to distribute unless and until PEWC has no pre-existing contractual rights which would conflict with the grant of such right to our Company.

(iii)PEWC will make available to our Company, upon our Company’s request and on terms to be mutually agreed between PEWC and our Company from time to time, access to certain of PEWC’s technology (and PEWC personnel necessary to use such technology) with respect to the design and manufacture of wire and cable products, including, without limitation, certain fiber optic technology. Our Company benefits from research and development conducted by PEWC at little or no cost to our Company.

(iv)PEWC will make available to our Company, upon our Company’s request and on terms to be mutually agreed between PEWC and our Company from time to time, certain services with respect to the design and manufacture of wire and cable products, computerization, inventory control, purchasing, internal auditing, quality control, emergency back-up services, and recruitment and training of personnel; such services may include the training of our Company’s employees and managers at PEWC facilities and the secondment of PEWC employees and managers to our Company.

(v)Each of PEWC and our Company will offer the other party the right to participate in any negotiations with a third party concerning the establishment of any facility or similar venture to manufacture or distribute any wire or cable product outside of the markets where our Company currently manufactures or distributes, or intends to develop the capability to manufacture or distribute, any wire or cable product. Unless our Company and PEWC mutually agree otherwise, our Company shall have the right of first refusal to enter into any definitive agreement with such third party. If, however, such third party would not agree to the substitution of our Company for PEWC or such substitution would prevent the successful completion of the facility or venture, PEWC will arrange for our Company to participate to the extent possible.


	For the years ended December, 31
	2023	2022	2021
	US$’000	US$’000	US$’000
Short-term employee benefits	1,898	1,953	2,372
Post-employment benefits	88	48	84
Total compensation paid to key management personnel	1,986	2,001	2,456