Loans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Non-covered Loans [Line Items]

Summary of Recorded Investment by Risk Category of Portfolio Loans by Portfolio Class and Category

The current year-to-date gross charge-offs by loan class and year of origination is presented in the following tables:

	September 30, 2025
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	1,002	$	3,688	$	243	$	35	$	684	$	656	$	797	$	7,105
Real estate:
Commercial - owner occupied	—		—		285		—		80		669		—		—		1,034
Construction and land development	—		—		—		146		—		—		—		—		146
Residential	—		—		—		—		—		623		266		—		889
Other	—		—		—		—		177		65		5		—		247
Total charge-offs by origination year	$	—	$	1,002	$	3,973	$	389	$	292	$	2,041	$	927	$	797	$	9,421
Total gross charge-offs by performing status																	616
Total gross charge-offs																	$	10,037

	December 31, 2024
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	312	$	2,646	$	3,043	$	35	$	166	$	772	$	2,205	$	3,589	$	12,768
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	—		—		—		252		—		448		—		—		700
Commercial - owner occupied	—		—		41		475		10		2,548		—		—		3,074
Construction and land development	—		—		—		—		3,224		—		—		—		3,224
Residential	—		—		166		15		—		471		202		24		878
Other	4		17		—		58		—		79		103		1		262
Total charge-offs by origination year	$	316	$	2,663	$	3,250	$	835	$	3,400	$	4,318	$	2,510	$	3,614	$	20,906
Total gross charge-offs by performing status																	968
Total gross charge-offs																	$	21,874

The recorded investment by risk category of the loans by class and year of origination is presented in the following tables as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2025
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass (1-6)	$	1,422,869	$	953,287	$	598,715	$	360,379	$	64,502	$	70,024	$	58,351	$	1,052,872	$	4,580,999
Special Mention (7)	54,569		11,640		27,542		4,207		4,192		474		11,837		45,895		160,356
Classified (8-9)	38,148		29,186		5,180		11,457		1,305		670		36,312		37,408		159,666
Total Commercial and industrial	$	1,515,586	$	994,113	$	631,437	$	376,043	$	69,999	$	71,168	$	106,500	$	1,136,175	$	4,901,021
Commercial real estate-investor owned
Pass (1-6)	$	540,435	$	455,226	$	366,506	$	429,549	$	318,971	$	419,207	$	34,624	$	46,922	$	2,611,440
Special Mention (7)	33,629		34,679		3,806		6,197		9,110		5,809		14,030		—		107,260
Classified (8-9)	2,088		—		—		808		63,041		21,435		—		—		87,372
Total Commercial real estate-investor owned	$	576,152	$	489,905	$	370,312	$	436,554	$	391,122	$	446,451	$	48,654	$	46,922	$	2,806,072
Commercial real estate-owner occupied
Pass (1-6)	$	336,672	$	311,896	$	301,266	$	371,100	$	361,559	$	473,934	$	1,069	$	28,941	$	2,186,437
Special Mention (7)	13,883		1,477		12,514		15,358		12,098		16,586		—		—		71,916
Classified (8-9)	2,417		17,859		7,907		10,791		7,345		24,691		—		250		71,260
Total Commercial real estate-owner occupied	$	352,972	$	331,232	$	321,687	$	397,249	$	381,002	$	515,211	$	1,069	$	29,191	$	2,329,613
Construction real estate
Pass (1-6)	$	421,706	$	304,372	$	89,338	$	9,953	$	3,651	$	1,457	$	12,604	$	2,992	$	846,073
Special Mention (7)	10,607		—		26		43		—		—		—		—		10,676
Classified (8-9)	—		—		481		910		—		6		—		—		1,397
Total Construction real estate	$	432,313	$	304,372	$	89,845	$	10,906	$	3,651	$	1,463	$	12,604	$	2,992	$	858,146
Residential real estate
Pass (1-6)	$	49,850	$	24,849	$	27,963	$	30,391	$	34,084	$	84,419	$	5,516	$	76,334	$	333,406
Special Mention (7)	3,084		1,355		122		305		87		870		—		941		6,764
Classified (8-9)	23		—		4,749		—		12,052		7,346		—		75		24,245
Total residential real estate	$	52,957	$	26,204	$	32,834	$	30,696	$	46,223	$	92,635	$	5,516	$	77,350	$	364,415
Other
Pass (1-6)	$	21,101	$	28,559	$	4,926	$	30,842	$	52,548	$	47,469	$	—	$	42,999	$	228,444
Special Mention (7)	1,915		—		—		—		—		693		—		3,417		6,025
Classified (8-9)	—		—		—		—		—		1,031		—		—		1,031
Total Other	$	23,016	$	28,559	$	4,926	$	30,842	$	52,548	$	49,193	$	—	$	46,416	$	235,500
Total loans classified by risk category	$	2,952,996	$	2,174,385	$	1,451,041	$	1,282,290	$	944,545	$	1,176,121	$	174,343	$	1,339,046	$	11,494,767
Total loans classified by performing status																	88,342
Total loans																	$	11,583,109

	December 31, 2024
	Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2021		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Revolving Loans		Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass (1-6)	$	1,477,552	$	958,327	$	607,626	$	172,201	$	117,845	$	69,236	$	87,059	$	942,991	$	4,432,837
Special Mention (7)	32,479		40,804		4,982		2,373		796		64		14,783		55,100		151,381
Classified (8-9)	29,999		868		9,271		—		142		809		9,681		20,791		71,561
Total Commercial and industrial	$	1,540,030	$	999,999	$	621,879	$	174,574	$	118,783	$	70,109	$	111,523	$	1,018,882	$	4,655,779
Commercial real estate-investor owned
Pass (1-6)	$	587,403	$	402,899	$	479,131	$	374,155	$	266,044	$	281,232	$	4,566	$	48,808	$	2,444,238
Special Mention (7)	12,195		4,901		—		43,506		2,389		9,623		31,321		1,999		105,934
Classified (8-9)	256		—		821		20,274		13,564		4,702		—		—		39,617
Total Commercial real estate-investor owned	$	599,854	$	407,800	$	479,952	$	437,935	$	281,997	$	295,557	$	35,887	$	50,807	$	2,589,789
Commercial real estate-owner occupied
Pass (1-6)	$	420,774	$	329,001	$	437,731	$	408,210	$	246,024	$	352,095	$	890	$	29,239	$	2,223,964
Special Mention (7)	6,914		10,764		5,323		12,324		8,426		18,389		—		—		62,140
Classified (8-9)	13,794		3,727		4,063		6,452		3,765		22,319		—		250		54,370
Total Commercial real estate-owner occupied	$	441,482	$	343,492	$	447,117	$	426,986	$	258,215	$	392,803	$	890	$	29,489	$	2,340,474
Construction real estate
Pass (1-6)	$	404,286	$	211,573	$	198,278	$	38,131	$	6,110	$	3,823	$	9,513	$	5,338	$	877,052
Special Mention (7)	11,250		33		49		294		—		223		—		—		11,849
Classified (8-9)	—		—		1,573		—		—		585		—		—		2,158
Total Construction real estate	$	415,536	$	211,606	$	199,900	$	38,425	$	6,110	$	4,631	$	9,513	$	5,338	$	891,059
Residential real estate
Pass (1-6)	$	46,454	$	37,371	$	35,082	$	27,784	$	22,350	$	78,113	$	5,880	$	79,284	$	332,318
Special Mention (7)	1,539		26		239		—		—		1,435		—		887		4,126
Classified (8-9)	—		2,979		107		11,976		5,538		1,572		—		—		22,172
Total residential real estate	$	47,993	$	40,376	$	35,428	$	39,760	$	27,888	$	81,120	$	5,880	$	80,171	$	358,616
Other
Pass (1-6)	$	31,286	$	6,058	$	50,351	$	55,844	$	49,519	$	31,061	$	44	$	40,578	$	264,741
Special Mention (7)	—		2,326		—		—		—		1,780		—		7,660		11,766
Classified (8-9)	—		—		—		—		—		5		—		—		5
Total Other	$	31,286	$	8,384	$	50,351	$	55,844	$	49,519	$	32,846	$	44	$	48,238	$	276,512
Total loans classified by risk category	$	3,076,181	$	2,011,657	$	1,834,627	$	1,173,524	$	742,512	$	877,066	$	163,737	$	1,232,925	$	11,112,229
Total loans classified by performing status																	108,126
Total loans																	$	11,220,355

In the tables above, loan originations in 2025 and 2024 with a classification of “special mention” or “classified” primarily represent renewals or modifications initially underwritten and originated in prior years.

The following tables summarize the risk category of the loans by loan type as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Pass (1-6)		Special Mention (7)		Classified (8-9)		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	4,580,999	$	160,356	$	159,666	$	4,901,021
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	2,611,440		107,260		87,372		2,806,072
Commercial - owner occupied	2,186,437		71,916		71,260		2,329,613
Construction and land development	846,073		10,676		1,397		858,146
Residential	333,406		6,764		24,245		364,415
Other	228,444		6,025		1,031		235,500
Total loans classified by risk category	$	10,786,799	$	362,997	$	344,971	$	11,494,767
Total loans classified by performing status							88,342
							$	11,583,109

	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Pass (1-6)		Special Mention (7)		Classified (8-9)		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	4,432,837	$	151,381	$	71,561	$	4,655,779
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	2,444,238		105,934		39,617		2,589,789
Commercial - owner occupied	2,223,964		62,140		54,370		2,340,474
Construction and land development	877,052		11,849		2,158		891,059
Residential	332,318		4,126		22,172		358,616
Other	264,741		11,766		5		276,512
Total loans classified by risk category	$	10,575,150	$	347,196	$	189,883	$	11,112,229
Total loans classified by performing status							108,126
							$	11,220,355

The following tables present the recorded investment on loans based on payment activity as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Performing		Non Performing		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	42,135	$	405	$	42,540
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	16,536		—		16,536
Commercial - owner occupied	26,428		—		26,428
Residential	595		—		595
Other	2,209		34		2,243
Total	$	87,903	$	439	$	88,342

	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Performing		Non Performing		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	60,899	$	11	$	60,910
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	17,175		—		17,175
Commercial - owner occupied	27,349		—		27,349
Residential	647		—		647
Other	2,036		9		2,045
Total	$	108,106	$	20	$	108,126

Loan Modification

The following tables show the recorded investment at the end of the dates listed for loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by loan class and type of concession granted:

	Term Extension
	Three months ended				Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		Percent of Total Loan Class		September 30, 2025		Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial	$	5,350	0.11	%	$	48,426	0.98	%
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	244		0.01	%	244		0.01	%
Commercial - owner occupied	875		0.04	%	5,888		0.25	%
Residential	—		—	%	23		0.01	%
Total	$	6,469			$	54,581

	Term Extension
	Three months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2024		Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial	$	9,996	0.22	%
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	258		0.01	%
Total	$	10,254

	Term Extension				Payment Delay				Total
	Nine months ended				Nine months ended				Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2024		Percent of Total Loan Class		September 30, 2024		Percent of Total Loan Class		September 30, 2024		Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial	$	60,256	1.30	%	$	567	0.01	%	$	60,823	1.31	%
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	8,667		0.34	%	—		—	%	8,667		0.34	%
Commercial - owner occupied	94		NM		—		—	%	94		NM
Residential	7,644		2.15	%	—		—	%	7,644		2.15	%
Total	$	76,661			$	567			$	77,228

The following tables summarize the financial impacts of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and outstanding at the date indicated:

	Three months ended	Nine months ended
	Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)	Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025	September 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial	4	6
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	12	12
Commercial - owner occupied	3	15
Residential	0	3

	Three months ended	Nine months ended
	Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)	Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)	Amount of Payment Delay
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2024	September 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial	7	5	$	85
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	0	4	—
Commercial - owner occupied	12	3	—
Residential	0	12	—

The following table shows the aging of the recorded investment in modified loans in the last 12 months by class at the date indicated:

	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days  Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	51,929	$	—	$	—	$	51,929
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	244		—		—		244
Commercial - owner occupied	17,420		—		—		17,420
Residential	—		23		—		23
Total	$	69,593	$	23	$	—	$	69,616

	September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days  Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	52,488	$	—	$	—	$	52,488
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	259		—		—		259
Commercial - owner occupied	—		92		—		92
Residential	70		70		—		140
Total	$	52,817	$	162	$	—	$	52,979

Summary of Amortized Cost Basis that Had Payment Default and Modified in 12 Months Before Default

The following table summarizes loans that experienced a default during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, subsequent to being granted a modification in the preceding twelve months. All of these loans were charged-off during the preceding period. Default is defined as movement to nonperforming status, foreclosure or charge-off.

	Term Extension
	Nine months ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2024		Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial	$	1,000	0.02	%
Real estate:
Construction and land development	1,748		0.20	%
Other	4		NM
Total	$	2,752

Noncovered Loans

Non-covered Loans [Line Items]

Summary of Portfolio Loans by Category

The following table presents a summary of loans by category:

($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	4,948,761	$	4,720,428
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	2,824,200		2,607,755
Commercial - owner occupied	2,348,111		2,359,956
Construction and land development	859,827		892,563
Residential	364,516		358,923
Total real estate loans	6,396,654		6,219,197
Other	238,881		281,193
Loans, before unearned loan fees	11,584,296		11,220,818
Unearned loan fees, net	(1,187)		(463)
Loans, including unearned loan fees	$	11,583,109	$	11,220,355

Summary of Allowance for Loan Losses and the Recorded Investment in Portfolio Loans by Class and Category Based on Impairment Method

A summary of the activity, by loan category, in the ACL on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

($ in thousands)	Commercial and industrial		CRE - investor owned		CRE - owner occupied		Construction and land development		Residential real estate		Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	72,081	$	30,189	$	17,643	$	12,964	$	8,484	$	3,772	$	145,133
Provision for credit losses	3,533		2,469		1,055		458		203		60		7,778
Charge-offs	(4,345)		—		—		—		(295)		(315)		(4,955)
Recoveries	234		67		292		19		232		54		898
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	71,503	$	32,725	$	18,990	$	13,441	$	8,624	$	3,571	$	148,854

($ in thousands)	Commercial and industrial		CRE - investor owned		CRE - owner occupied		Construction and land development		Residential real estate		Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	63,231	$	34,217	$	20,400	$	9,837	$	6,534	$	3,731	$	137,950
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	11,029		(1,686)		(1,022)		3,713		2,233		265		14,532
Charge-offs	(7,358)		—		(1,034)		(146)		(889)		(610)		(10,037)
Recoveries	4,601		194		646		37		746		185		6,409
Balance at September 30, 2025	$	71,503	$	32,725	$	18,990	$	13,441	$	8,624	$	3,571	$	148,854

($ in thousands)	Commercial and industrial		CRE - investor owned		CRE - owner occupied		Construction and land development		Residential real estate		Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	61,478	$	31,903	$	24,316	$	11,504	$	5,588	$	4,675	$	139,464
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	2,360		1,050		(935)		1,766		266		(343)		4,164
Charge-offs	(440)		—		(906)		(3,224)		(19)		(184)		(4,773)
Recoveries	662		30		25		21		140		45		923
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	64,060	$	32,983	$	22,500	$	10,067	$	5,975	$	4,193	$	139,778

($ in thousands)	Commercial and industrial		CRE - investor owned		CRE - owner occupied		Construction and land development		Residential real estate		Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	58,886	$	31,280	$	23,405	$	10,198	$	6,142	$	4,860	$	134,771
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	9,146		1,914		1,818		3,042		(415)		(179)		15,326
Charge-offs	(6,349)		(305)		(2,773)		(3,224)		(760)		(725)		(14,136)
Recoveries	2,377		94		50		51		1,008		237		3,817
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	64,060	$	32,983	$	22,500	$	10,067	$	5,975	$	4,193	$	139,778

Schedule of Recorded Investment in Nonperforming Loans by Category

The following tables present the recorded investment in nonperforming loans by category, excluding government guaranteed balances:

	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Nonaccrual		Loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest		Total nonperforming loans		Nonaccrual loans with no allowance
Commercial and industrial	$	29,307	$	405	$	29,712	$	15,159
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	35,361		43,083		78,444		5,842
Commercial - owner occupied	10,654		—		10,654		6,879
Construction and land development	386		—		386		231
Residential	3,123		5,525		8,648		2,882
Other	—		34		34		—
Total	$	78,831	$	49,047	$	127,878	$	30,993

	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Nonaccrual		Loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest		Total nonperforming loans		Nonaccrual loans with no allowance
Commercial and industrial	$	15,810	$	11	$	15,821	$	4,279
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	14,186		—		14,186		2,106
Commercial - owner occupied	10,910		—		10,910		8,235
Construction and land development	1,503		—		1,503		1,503
Residential	258		—		258		—
Other	—		9		9		—
Total	$	42,667	$	20	$	42,687	$	16,123

Schedule of Collateral Dependent Loans

Collateral-dependent nonperforming loans by class of loan is presented as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2025
	Type of Collateral
($ in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Blanket Lien		Other
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	23	$	3,210	$	15,644
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	76,256		—		—		—
Commercial - owner occupied	4,177		456		—		—
Residential	—		8,407		—		—
Total	$	80,433	$	8,886	$	3,210	$	15,644

	December 31, 2024
	Type of Collateral
($ in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Blanket Lien		Other
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	4,279	$	3,495
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	14,136		—		—		—
Commercial - owner occupied	7,521		482		486		—
Total	$	21,657	$	482	$	4,765	$	3,495

Summary of Aging of Recorded Investment in Past Due Portfolio Loans by Portfolio Class and Category

The aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class and category is presented as of the dates indicated.

	September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	30-89 Days  Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	6,358	$	23,975	$	30,333	$	4,918,428	$	4,948,761
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	5,080		77,203		82,283		2,741,917		2,824,200
Commercial - owner occupied	5,561		28,104		33,665		2,314,446		2,348,111
Construction and land development	1,005		1,454		2,459		857,368		859,827
Residential	2,085		8,651		10,736		353,780		364,516
Other	17		33		50		238,831		238,881
Loans, before unearned loan fees	$	20,106	$	139,420	$	159,526	$	11,424,770	$	11,584,296
Unearned loan fees, net									(1,187)
Total									$	11,583,109

	December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	30-89 Days  Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	1,948	$	12,228	$	14,176	$	4,706,252	$	4,720,428
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned	1,377		14,333		15,710		2,592,045		2,607,755
Commercial - owner occupied	10,542		18,591		29,133		2,330,823		2,359,956
Construction and land development	101		5,620		5,721		886,842		892,563
Residential	2,833		258		3,091		355,832		358,923
Other	34		9		43		281,150		281,193
Loans, before unearned loan fees	$	16,835	$	51,039	$	67,874	$	11,152,944	$	11,220,818
Unearned loan fees, net									(463)
Total									$	11,220,355