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Stock-Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
Restricted Stock Units
The 2014 Plan allows, among other things, for the grant of restricted stock units (“RSUs”). As of December 31, 2021, the maximum number of shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issued under the 2014 Plan was 12.0 million shares.
Each RSU represents the contingent right to receive one share of Class A Common Stock. The holders of outstanding RSUs do not receive dividends or have voting rights prior to vesting and settlement. The Company determines the fair value of granted RSUs based on the market price of the Class A Common Stock on the date of the grant. Compensation expense for granted RSUs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting term and is net of forfeitures, as incurred. Stock-based compensation is included in General and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and is recorded with a corresponding increase in Additional paid-in capital within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The table below summarizes unvested RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2021:
 SharesWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested RSUs at December 31, 20201,050,908 $5.55 
Granted668,000 $6.16 
Forfeited(20,266)$5.09 
Vested(926,825)$5.71 
Unvested RSUs at December 31, 2021771,817 $5.91 
During the year ended December 31, 2021, Earthstone granted 548,000 RSUs to employees and 120,000 RSUs to certain members of the Board with vesting periods ranging from 12 to 36 months. The total grant date fair value of the RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were $4.1 million, $4.4 million and $6.5 million, respectively, with a weighted average grant date fair value per share of $6.16, $5.07 and 6.04, respectively. The total vesting date fair value of the RSUs that vested during 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $8.8 million, $3.0 million and $4.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there was approximately $4.5 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested
RSUs, which will be amortized over the remaining vesting periods. The weighted average remaining vesting period of the unrecognized compensation expense is 1.04 years.
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, stock-based compensation related to RSUs was $5.2 million, $5.4 million and $5.9 million, respectively.
Performance Units
The table below summarizes performance unit (“PSU”) activity for the year ended December 31, 2021:
 SharesWeighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested PSUs at December 31, 20201,879,425 $7.65 
Granted1,099,800 $10.85 
Vested(227,500)$13.75 
Unvested PSUs at December 31, 20212,751,725 $8.42 
The total grant date fair value of the PSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were $11.9 million, $5.6 million and $6.2 million, respectively, with a weighted average grant date fair value per share of $10.85, $5.36 and $9.30, respectively. The total vesting date fair value of the PSUs that vested during 2021 was $3.5 million. No PSUs vested during 2020 or 2019. As of December 31, 2021, there was $16.0 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the PSU awards which will be amortized over a weighted average period of 0.96 years.
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, stock-based compensation related to the PSUs was approximately $15.8 million, $4.6 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
On January 27, 2021, the Board of Directors of Earthstone (the “Board”) granted 1,099,800 PSUs (the “2021 PSUs”) to certain officers pursuant to the 2014 Plan (the “2021 Grant”). The 2021 PSUs are payable in cash or shares of Class A Common Stock upon the achievement by the Company over a period commencing on January 1, 2021 and ending on December 31, 2023 of certain performance criteria established by the Board. The Company classifies these awards that will be settled in cash as liability awards. PSU grants to be settled in shares are classified as equity awards.
The 2021 PSUs are eligible to be earned based on the annualized Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) of the Class A Common Stock during a three-year period beginning on February 1, 2021. Between 0x to 2.0x of the Performance Units are eligible to be earned based on Earthstone achieving an annualized TSR based on the following pre-established goals:
Earthstone’s Annualized TSRTSR Multiplier
20.5% or greater
2.0
14.5%1.0
7.7%0.5
Less than 7.7%
0.0
In the event that greater than 1.0x of the 2021 PSUs are earned, such additional PSUs may be paid in cash rather than the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock.
The Company accounts for these awards as market-based awards which are valued quarterly utilizing the Monte Carlo Simulation pricing model, which calculates multiple potential outcomes for an award and establishes grant date fair value based on the most likely outcome. For the 2021 PSUs, assuming a risk-free rate of 0.3% and volatility of 86.0%, the Company calculated the weighted average grant date fair value per PSU to be $10.85. Based on the fair value of the 2021 PSUs, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $6.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. A corresponding liability of $6.3 million related to the 2021 PSUs is included in Other noncurrent liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021.
On January 30, 2020, the Board granted 1,043,800 PSUs (the “2020 PSUs”) to certain officers pursuant to the 2014 Plan (the “2020 Grant”). The 2020 Grant was subject to the approval of an amendment to the 2014 Plan to increase the number of available shares available thereunder (the “2014 Plan Amendment”). The 2014 Plan Amendment was approved at the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders held on June 3, 2020. The 2020 PSUs are payable in shares of Class A Common Stock based upon the achievement by the Company over a period commencing on February 1, 2020 and ending on January 31, 2023 of certain performance criteria established by the Board.
The 2020 PSUs are eligible to be earned based on the annualized TSR of the Class A Common Stock during a three-year period beginning on February 1, 2020. Between 0x to 2.0x of the Performance Units are eligible to be earned based on Earthstone achieving an annualized TSR based on the following pre-established goals:
Earthstone’s Annualized TSRTSR Multiplier
23.9% or greater
2.0
14.5%1.0
8.4%0.5
Less than 8.4%
0.0
In the event that greater than 1.0x of the 2020 PSUs are earned, such additional PSUs may be paid in cash rather than the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock, solely at the discretion of the Board.
The Company accounts for these awards as market-based awards which are valued utilizing the Monte Carlo Simulation pricing model, which calculates multiple potential outcomes for an award and establishes grant date fair value based on the most likely outcome. For the 2020 PSUs, assuming a risk-free rate of 1.4% and volatility of 62.0%, the Company calculated the weighted average grant date fair value per PSU to be $5.36.
On January 28, 2019, the Board granted 669,550 PSUs (the “2019 PSUs”) to certain executive officers pursuant to the 2014 Plan. The PSUs are payable in shares of Class A Common Stock based upon the achievement by the Company over a period commencing on February 1, 2019 and ending on January 31, 2022 of performance criteria established by the Board.
The number of shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issued will be determined by multiplying the number of PSUs granted by the Relative TSR Percentage (0% to 200%). The “Relative TSR Percentage” is the percentage, if any, achieved by attainment of a certain predetermined range of targets for the three-year period beginning on February 1, 2019.
TSR for the Company and each of the peer companies is generally determined by dividing (A) the volume weighted average price of a share of stock for the trading days during the thirty calendar days ending on and including the last calendar day of the applicable performance period minus the volume weighted average price of a share of stock for the trading days during the thirty calendar days ending on and including the first day of the applicable performance period plus cash dividends paid over the applicable performance period by (B) the volume weighted average price of a share of stock for the trading days during the thirty calendar days ending on and including the first day of the applicable performance period.
The Company accounts for these awards as market-based awards which are valued utilizing the Monte Carlo Simulation pricing model, which calculates multiple potential outcomes for an award and establishes grant date fair value based on the most likely outcome. For the PSUs granted on January 28, 2019, assuming a risk-free rate of 2.6% and volatilities ranging from 40.1% to 114.1%, the Company calculated the weighted average grant date fair value per PSU to be $9.30.
Modification of Performance Units
The 2019 PSUs were initially classified as equity awards as the intention was to fully settle in shares. As of December 31, 2021, and at discretion of the Board, the 2019 PSUs in excess of 100% were to be settled in cash. This event was treated as a modification of the award with the bifurcated cash settled portion of the award being remeasured and classified as a liability award. The Company calculated the fair value of the cash settled portion of the award to be $13.66, resulting in $5.5 million additional stock-based compensation during the year ended December 31, 2021, $2.3 million of stock-based compensation previously recognized in Additional Paid-in Capital being reclassified with a corresponding liability of $7.8 million included in Accrued Expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021. The 2019 PSUs were settled on February 9, 2022 resulting in the issuance of 608,125 shares of Class A Common Stock and cash payments totaling $8.1 million.