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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

The fair value of an asset is defined as the exit price, which is the amount that would either be received when an asset is sold or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers are: Level 1, for which quoted market prices for identical instruments are available in active markets, such as money market funds, equity securities, and U.S. Treasury securities; Level 2, for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the instrument, such as certain derivative instruments including interest rate caps, interest rate swaps, foreign currency forward contracts, and foreign currency collars; and Level 3, for securities that do not fall into Level 1 or Level 2 and for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring us to develop our own assumptions.

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The methods and assumptions described below were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument. For significant Level 3 items, we have also provided the unobservable inputs.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities — Our derivative assets and liabilities, which are included in Other assets, net and Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated financial statements, are comprised of foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currency collars, interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, and stock warrants (Note 9).

The valuation of our derivative instruments (excluding stock warrants) is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, as well as observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, spot and forward rates, and implied volatilities. We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of our derivative instruments for the effect of nonperformance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees. These derivative instruments were classified as Level 2 as these instruments are custom, over-the-counter contracts with various bank counterparties that are not traded in an active market.

The stock warrants were measured at fair value using valuation models that incorporate market inputs and our own assumptions about future cash flows. We classified these assets as Level 3 because these assets are not traded in an active market.

Equity Investment in CESH — We have elected to account for our investment in CESH, which is included in Equity investments in the Managed Programs and real estate in the consolidated financial statements, at fair value by selecting the equity method fair value option available under GAAP (Note 7). We classified this investment as Level 3 because we primarily used valuation models that incorporate unobservable inputs to determine its fair value. The fair value of our equity investment in CESH approximated its carrying value as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Investment in Shares of a Cold Storage Operator — We have elected to apply the measurement alternative under ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments — Overall (Subtopic 825-10) to account for our investment in shares of a cold storage operator, which is included in Other assets, net in the consolidated financial statements. Under this alternative, the carrying value is adjusted for any impairments or changes in fair value resulting from observable transactions for similar or identical investments in the issuer. We classified this investment as Level 3 because it is not traded in an active market. See Note 13 for further discussion of the impact of this cold storage operator’s conversion to a REIT during the first quarter of 2020. The fair value of this investment approximated its carrying value, which was $146.2 million at both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Investment in Shares of GCIF — We account for our investment in shares of Guggenheim Credit Income Fund (“GCIF”), which is included in Other assets, net in the consolidated financial statements, at fair value. We classified this investment as Level 2 because we used a quoted price from an inactive market to determine its fair value. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we redeemed a portion of our investment in shares of GCIF for approximately $3.2 million and recognized a net loss of $0.3 million, which was included within Other gains and (losses) in the consolidated statements of income. Distributions of earnings from GCIF and unrealized gains or losses recognized on GCIF are recorded within Other gains and (losses) in the consolidated financial statements. The fair value of our investment in shares of GCIF approximated its carrying value, which was $8.7 million and $12.2 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

We did not have any transfers into or out of Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 category of measurements during either the three months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019. Gains and losses (realized and unrealized) recognized on items measured at fair value on a recurring basis included in earnings are reported within Other gains and (losses) on our consolidated financial statements.

Our other material financial instruments had the following carrying values and fair values as of the dates shown (dollars in thousands):



		March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Level	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Senior Unsecured Notes, net ^{(a) (b) (c)}	2	$	4,323,063	$	4,212,628	$	4,390,189	$	4,682,432
Non-recourse mortgages, net ^{(a) (b) (d)}	3	1,433,372		1,426,786		1,462,487		1,487,892

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(a)	The carrying value of Senior Unsecured Notes, net (Note 10) includes unamortized deferred financing costs of $21.6 million and $22.8 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The carrying value of Non-recourse mortgages, net includes unamortized deferred financing costs of $0.5 million and $0.6 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.


(b)	The carrying value of Senior Unsecured Notes, net includes unamortized discount of $19.3 million and $20.5 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The carrying value of Non-recourse mortgages, net includes unamortized discount of $5.6 million and $6.2 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.


(c)	We determined the estimated fair value of the Senior Unsecured Notes using observed market prices in an open market with limited trading volume.

(d)

We determined the estimated fair value of our non-recourse mortgage loans using a discounted cash flow model that estimates the present value of the future loan payments by discounting such payments at current estimated market interest rates. The estimated market interest rates consider interest rate risk and the value of the underlying collateral, which includes quality of the collateral, the credit quality of the tenant/obligor, and the time until maturity.

We estimated that our other financial assets and liabilities, including amounts outstanding under our Senior Unsecured Credit Facility (Note 10) and our loans receivable, but excluding net investments in direct financing leases, had fair values that approximated their carrying values at both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis (Including Impairment Charges)

We periodically assess whether there are any indicators that the value of our real estate investments may be impaired or that their carrying value may not be recoverable. There have been no significant changes in our impairment policies from what was disclosed in the 2019 Annual Report.

The following table presents information about assets for which we recorded an impairment charge and that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020				Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	Fair Value Measurements		Total Impairment Charges		Fair Value Measurements		Total Impairment Charges
Impairment Charges
Equity investments in the Managed Programs	$	37,396	$	47,112	$	—	$	—
Land, buildings and improvements and intangibles	12,148		19,420		—		—
			$	66,532			$	—

Impairment charges, and their related triggering events and fair value measurements, recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 were as follows (we did not recognize any impairment charges during the three months ended March 31, 2019):

Equity Investments in the Managed Programs

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized other-than-temporary impairment charges of $27.8 million and $19.3 million on our equity investments in CWI 1 and CWI 2, respectively, to reduce the carrying values of our investments to their estimated fair values, due to the COVID-19 outbreak during the first quarter of 2020, which is having an adverse effect on the lodging industry and, therefore, the operations of CWI 1 and CWI 2. The fair value measurements were estimated based on implied asset value changes and changes in market capitalizations for publicly traded lodging REITS, all of which was obtained from third-party market data. These other-than-temporary impairment charges are reflected within Equity in (losses) earnings of equity method investments in the Managed Programs and real estate in our consolidated statements of income.

Land, Buildings and Improvements and Intangibles

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized impairment charges totaling $16.0 million on two properties leased to the same tenant in order to reduce the carrying values of the properties to their estimated fair values, due to potential property vacancies. The fair value measurements for the properties were determined by a direct capitalization rate analysis.

In addition, we recognized an impairment charge of $3.4 million on a property in order to reduce the carrying value of the property to its estimated fair value. The fair value measurement for this property approximated its estimated selling price.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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