Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign

Selected income tax data (in millions):

	2025		2024		2023
Components of Income before income taxes
United States	$	280	$	389	$	794
Non-United States	637		711		814
Total	$	917	$	1,100	$	1,608

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Components of Income tax provision
Current
United States	$	97	$	78	$	221
Non-United States	169		128		160
State and local	16		14		49
Total current	282		220		430
Deferred
United States	(87)		(42)		(85)
Non-United States	(11)		(12)		6
State and local	(16)		(14)		(21)
Total deferred	(114)		(68)		(100)
Income tax provision	$	168	$	152	$	330
Total income taxes paid	$	356	$	479	$	345

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The reconciliation between the U.S. federal statutory rate and our effective tax rate was:

	2025		2024		2023
Statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State and local income taxes	(0.1)		0.2		1.5
Non-United States taxes	(3.8)		(4.2)		(4.7)
Repatriation of foreign earnings	1.0		0.9		0.9
Foreign-derived intangible income	(1.5)		(0.7)		(0.6)
Settlements with taxing authorities and tax refund claims	0.6		(1.2)		0.3
Change in valuation allowance (1)	3.6		0.5		4.1
Share-based compensation	(1.1)		(0.2)		(0.6)
Research and development tax credit	(2.9)		(2.0)		(1.3)
Other	1.5		(0.5)		(0.1)
Effective income tax rate	18.3	%	13.8	%	20.5	%

(1) During fiscal year 2025 and 2023, the effective tax rate increased by 3.6% and 4.1%, respectively, resulting from a valuation allowance recorded on certain deferred tax assets of the Sensia joint venture and tax effects of the related impairment.

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to our net deferred income tax assets (liabilities) consists of (in millions):

	2025		2024
Deferred income tax assets
Compensation and benefits	$	31	$	18
Inventory	24		23
Returns, rebates, and incentives	61		62
Retirement benefits	45		88
Environmental remediation and other site-related costs	25		24
Share-based compensation	23		26
Other accruals and reserves	470		386
Net operating loss carryforwards	62		70
Tax credit carryforwards	13		14
Capital loss carryforwards	16		15
Other	125		58
Subtotal	895		784
Valuation allowance	(129)		(98)
Net deferred income tax assets	766		686
Deferred income tax liabilities
Property	(60)		(52)
Intangible assets	(105)		(120)
Investments	—		—
Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries	(45)		(37)
Other	—		—
Deferred income tax liabilities	(210)		(209)
Total net deferred income tax assets	$	556	$	477

Schedule of Tax Attributes and Valuation Allowances

Tax attributes and related valuation allowances at September 30, 2025 consists of (in millions):

Tax attributes and related valuation allowances	Tax Benefit Amount		Valuation Allowance		Carryforward Period Ends
Non-United States net operating loss carryforward	$	5	$	—	2026	-	9/30/2044
Non-United States net operating loss carryforward	52		52		Indefinite
Non-United States capital loss carryforward	16		16		Indefinite
State and local net operating loss carryforward	5		1		2026	-	2045
State tax credit carryforward	13		—		2033	-	2040
Subtotal	91		69
Other deferred tax assets	60		60		Indefinite
Total	$	151	$	129

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

A reconciliation of our gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, is as follows (in millions):

	2025		2024		2023
Gross unrecognized tax benefits balance at beginning of year	$	25	$	10	$	4
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	5		5		4
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years	2		10		3
Reductions related to settlements with taxing authorities	(1)		—		(1)
Reductions related to lapses of statute of limitations	(2)		—		—
Gross unrecognized tax benefits balance at end of year	$	29	$	25	$	10