Derivative Instruments

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

We use foreign currency forward exchange contracts and cross-currency swaps to manage certain foreign currency risks. We have also used treasury locks to manage risks associated with interest rate fluctuations. The following information explains how we use and value these types of derivative instruments and how they impact our consolidated financial statements.

Additional information related to the impacts of cash flow hedges on Other comprehensive income is included in Note 12.

Types of Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Cash Flow Hedges

We enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate variability in the expected future cash flows associated with certain third-party and intercompany transactions denominated in foreign currencies forecasted to occur within the next two years (cash flow hedges). We report in Other comprehensive income the effective portion of the gain or loss on derivative financial instruments that we designate and that qualify as cash flow hedges. We reclassify these gains or losses into earnings in the same periods when the hedged transactions affect earnings. To the extent forward exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges are ineffective, changes in value are recorded in earnings through the maturity date. There was no impact on earnings due to ineffective cash flow hedges in 2025, 2024, and 2023. At September 30, 2025, we had a U.S. dollar-equivalent gross notional amount of $753 million of foreign currency forward exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges.

The pre-tax amount of gains (losses) recorded in Other comprehensive income related to cash flow hedges that would have been recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations had they not been so designated was (in millions):


	2025		2024		2023
Forward exchange contracts	$	7	$	(21)	$	18

The pre-tax amount of (losses) gains reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income into the Consolidated Statement of Operations related to foreign currency forward exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges, which offset the related gains and losses on the hedged items during the periods presented, was (in millions):


	2025		2024		2023
Sales	$	(1)	$	2	$	6
Cost of sales	7		19		33
Selling, general and administrative expenses	—		—		—
Interest expense	(4)		(4)		(4)
Total	$	2	$	17	$	35

Approximately $15 million of pre-tax net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges as of September 30, 2025, will be reclassified into earnings during the next twelve months. We expect that these net unrealized losses will be offset when the hedged items are recognized in earnings.

Net Investment Hedges

We use cross-currency swap contracts to hedge portions of our net investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries (net investment hedges) against the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of foreign currency balances to the U.S. dollar (USD). The changes in the spot rates of these instruments are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss within Shareowners’ equity, partially offsetting gains and losses recorded on our net investments globally. Any ineffective portions of net investment hedges are reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings during the period of change. There was no impact on earnings due to ineffective net investment hedges in 2025, 2024, or 2023. The interest component from these swaps is recorded in interest expense on the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations consistent with the classification of interest expense attributable to the underlying debt.

In 2025, we entered into several cross-currency swaps that we designated as after-tax net investment hedges of certain Euro (EUR), Swiss Franc (CHF), and Chinese Yuan (CNY) functional currency denominated subsidiaries. The cross-currency swaps exchange fixed-rate payments in EUR, CHF, and Chinese Yuan Renminbi (RMB) for fixed-rate receipts in USD. At September 30, 2025, the USD-equivalent gross notional amount of these cross-currency swaps totaled $800 million.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Certain of our locations have assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than their functional currencies resulting from intercompany loans and other transactions with third parties denominated in foreign currencies. We enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts that we do not designate as hedging instruments to offset the transaction gains or losses associated with some of these assets and liabilities. Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments for which we do not elect hedge accounting are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in each period, based on the change in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments. At September 30, 2025, we had a U.S. dollar-equivalent gross notional amount of $799 million of foreign currency forward exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments.

The pre-tax amount of gains (losses) from forward exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations was (in millions):


	2025		2024		2023
Cost of sales	$	(10)	$	3	$	1
Other (expense) income	9		(7)		(19)
Total	$	(1)	$	(4)	$	(18)

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments

We recognize all derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. We value our forward exchange contracts using a market approach. We use a valuation model based on inputs including forward and spot prices for currency and interest rate curves. We did not change our valuation techniques during fiscal 2025, 2024, or 2023. It is our policy to execute such instruments with major financial institutions that we believe to be creditworthy and not to enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. We diversify our foreign currency forward exchange contracts and cross-currency swaps among counterparties to minimize exposure to any one of these entities. Our foreign currency forward exchange contracts are usually denominated in currencies of major industrial countries. The U.S. dollar-equivalent gross notional amount of our forward exchange contracts totaled $1,552 million at September 30, 2025.

The fair value of our derivatives and their location in our Consolidated Balance Sheet were (in millions):


		Fair Value (Level 2)
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
Forward exchange contracts	Other current assets	$	4	$	3
Forward exchange contracts	Other assets	1		1
Forward exchange contracts	Other current liabilities	(12)		(12)
Forward exchange contracts	Other liabilities	(3)		(5)
Net investment hedges	Other liabilities	(22)		—



Total		$	(32)	$	(13)


		Fair Value (Level 2)
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
Forward exchange contracts	Other current assets	$	3	$	13

Forward exchange contracts	Other current liabilities	(8)		(17)
Total		$	(5)	$	(4)

Refer to Note 1 for further information regarding levels in the fair value hierarchy.