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9. Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
9. Income Taxes

Note 9. Income Taxes

The Company reported an income tax expense of $40,000 and $95,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively and an income tax benefit of $10,000 and tax expense of $25,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate was (0.2%) for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to an estimated annual effective rate of 0.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. All deferred tax assets were subject to a full valuation allowance as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The Company evaluates the realizability of its U.S. net deferred tax assets based on all available evidence, both positive and negative, on a quarterly basis. The realization of net deferred tax assets is dependent on the Company's ability to generate sufficient future taxable income during periods prior to the expiration of tax attributes to fully utilize these assets. The Company weighed both positive and negative evidence and determined that due to recent losses there is a continued need for a full valuation allowance against all of the Company's deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

As of June 30, 2017, our gross deferred tax assets are comprised primarily of U.S. Federal net operating losses and accruals, and our gross deferred tax liabilities are comprised primarily of differences in the financial statement and tax bases of fixed assets.

The Company files income tax returns with both federal and state-level taxing authorities in the U.S., and with the taxing authorities of various foreign jurisdictions. The associated tax filings remain subject to examination by applicable tax authorities for a certain length of time following the tax year to which those filings relate. As of June 30, 2017, the Company's 2014 Federal tax return is under examination by the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS). Other years subject to potential examination by the IRS include 2012, 2013 and 2015.