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13. Business Combination (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2015
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Schedule of business acquisitions

The following table summarizes the consideration paid to acquire Zohydro ER and amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date as well as adjustments made during the measurement period after the acquisition date to the amounts initially recorded on the acquisition date (in thousands):

      Amounts previously
recognized as of the
acquisition date
(April 24, 2015)
    Measurement
Period
Adjustments
    Amounts
Recognized as of
September 30, 2015
Purchase price:                  
Cash consideration paid to Zogenix    $ 70,000    $   $ 70,000 
Escrow fund deposited at the time of closing(1)     10,000          10,000 
Purchased product inventory(2)     927          927 
Common stock issued(3)     11,926          11,926 
Liability relating to supplier contract(4)         2,414      2,414 
Fair value of contingent consideration payable to Zogenix (5)     29,327          29,327 
Total purchase price   $ 122,180    $ 2,414    $ 124,594 
                   
Estimated fair value of assets acquired:                  
Intangible assets(6):                  
     Zohydro - Developed technology   $ 67,400    $   $ 67,400 
     IPR&D      54,600          54,600 
     Supplier Contract         1,900      1,900 
Amount attributable to assets acquired   $ 122,000    $ 1,900    $ 123,900 
Goodwill(7)   $ 180    $ 514    $ 694 

 

(1) In accordance with the asset purchase agreement, the Company has deposited $10.0 million in an escrow fund to be held for a period of 12 months from the closing date as a security to pay, or be applied against, any losses incurred by the Company that are subject to the general representations, warranties and indemnification obligations of Zogenix. The Company is considered to be the legal and tax owner of the fund until the expiration of the escrow period of 12 months. Accordingly, the amount of $10.0 million in the escrow fund is recognized as restricted cash and consideration payable to Zogenix. Restricted cash is presented separately under current assets while the consideration payable is included in current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2) Under the asset purchase agreement, the Company purchased a specified quantity of Generation 1 version of Zohydro ER product line from Zogenix on the closing date for $927,000. Shortly before the closing date, the Generation 2 version of Zohydro ER with Beadtek was approved by the FDA and was announced by the Company to be launched in the immediate future. This announcement for the launch of Zohydro ER with Beadtek made the Generation 1 version of Zohydro ER obsolete and unsellable in the market. As a result, the fair value of the Generation 1 product inventory acquired from Zogenix has been estimated to be de-minimis on the closing date.
(3)

Under the asset purchase agreement, the number of common shares issued to Zogenix equaled $20.0 million divided by the closing price of common stock on a trading day immediately preceding the purchase agreement date. The closing price of the common stock of Pernix on March 9, 2015 (i.e. trading day immediately preceding the purchase agreement date) was $11.89. Accordingly, Pernix issued 1,682,086 shares of common stock to Zogenix ($20.0 million/$11.89 per share).

The common stock issued by the Company is measured at fair value at the closing date (i.e. April 24, 2015) in accordance with the measurement guidance in ASC 805. The closing price of the common stock of the Company on the closing date was $7.09 and accordingly the fair value of common stock issued by the Company on the closing date was determined to be $11.9 million. $16,820 representing the par value of 1,682,086 shares at $0.01 per share was recorded in common stock and the remaining amount of $11.9 million was recorded in Additional paid-in capital.

(4) The measurement period adjustments for intangible assets represents recognition of intangible assets related to a favorable supplier contract. The Company assumed the supplier contract from the seller that had favorable terms for the supply of the product. The intangible assets recognized are amortized over the life of the supplier contract. The measurement period adjustments for a liability payable to the seller represents the amount owed by the Company to Zogenix for the difference between the notional net selling price stipulated in the Asset Purchase Agreement and the discounted price as stipulated in the supplier contract with respect to a particular product.
(5) Contingent consideration includes (a) $12.5 million milestone payment payable upon approval of ZX007 abuse-deterrent extended-release hydrocodone tablet, and (b) up to $271 million payable if the Zohydro ER product line achieves certain agreed-upon net sales targets. Each type of contingent consideration has been recognized as a separate unit of account. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 805-30-25-5, each unit of contingent consideration is recognized at the acquisition date fair value. The acquisition date fair value of the contingent consideration linked to FDA approval is $10.3 million and the fair value of the contingent consideration linked to achievement of net sales target is $19.0 million. The total contingent consideration of $29.3 million is classified in other long-term liabilities and is marked to its current fair value of $25.7 million as of September 30, 2015. Such fair values are determined based on a probabilistic model with weights assigned on the likelihood of the Company achieving the sales target in the future. Each unit of contingent consideration is classified as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and will be subsequently measured at fair value on each reporting date. Any change in fair values between the reporting dates will be recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(6) As of the effective time of the acquisition, identifiable intangible assets are required to be measured at fair value and these acquired assets could include assets that are not intended to be used or sold or that are intended to be used in a manner other than their highest and best use. For purposes of these condensed consolidated financial statements, it is assumed that all assets will be used in a manner that represents the highest and best use of those assets, but it is not assumed that any market synergies will be achieved.

 

 

The fair value of identifiable assets is determined primarily using the "income method," which starts with a forecast of all expected future cash flows. Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the development of intangible asset values, from the perspective of a market participant, include: the amount and timing of projected future cash flows (including net revenue, cost of product sales, research and development costs, sales and marketing expenses, income tax expense, capital expenditures and working capital requirements) as well as estimated contributory asset charges; the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows; and the assessment of the asset's life cycle and the competitive trends impacting the asset, among other factors.

The consolidated financial statements include estimated identifiable intangible assets representing core technology intangibles valued at $67.4 million, and in-process research and development ("IPR&D") intangibles valued at $54.6 million. The core technology intangible assets represent developed technology of products approved for sales in the market, which we refer to as marketed products, and have finite useful lives. They are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of 4.6 years. These estimates will be adjusted accordingly if the final identifiable intangible asset valuation generates results, including corresponding useful lives and related amortization methods, which differ from the pro forma estimates, or if the above scope of intangible assets is modified. The IPR&D are considered indefinite-lived intangible assets until the completion of abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. Accordingly, during the development period, these assets are not amortized but subject to an annual impairment review. The final valuation is expected to be completed within 12 months from the completion of the acquisition.

(7) Goodwill is calculated as the difference between the acquisition date fair value of the consideration expected to be transferred and the values assigned to the assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but tested for impairment on an annual basis or when indications for impairment exist.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Business acquisition, pro forma information

The following pro forma combined results of operations are provided for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, as though the Zohydro ER acquisition had been completed as of January 1, 2014. These supplemental pro forma results of operations are provided for illustrative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of the actual results that would have been achieved by the combined company for the periods presented or that may be achieved by the combined company in the future. The pro forma results of operations do not include any cost savings or other synergies that resulted, or may result, from the Zohydro ER acquisition or any estimated costs that will be incurred to integrate the Zohydro ER product line. Future results may vary significantly from the results in this pro forma information because of future events and transactions, as well as other factors (in thousands, except for per share data):

      Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended
      September 30,     September 30,
      2015     2014     2015     2014
      (unaudited)     (unaudited)
Revenue   $ 48,615    $ 35,394    $ 138,453    $ 74,537 
Net loss   $ (11,492)   $ (31,617)   $ (87,063)   $ (85,121)
Pro forma net loss per common share:                        
     Basic   $ (0.19)   $ (0.83)   $ (1.72)   $ (2.26)
     Diluted   $ (0.19)   $ (0.83)   $ (1.72)   $ (2.26)