Deferred income taxes are provided using the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of the changes in tax laws and rates of the date of enactment.

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.

Applicable interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as additional income taxes in the statements of operations.

A reconciliation of the Company’s effective tax rate to the statutory federal rate is as follows:

The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryovers	$	3,541,622		$	3,536,757
Stock-based compensation		-			-
Other temporary differences		-			-
Total deferred tax assets	$	3,541,622		$	3,536,757
Valuation allowance	$	(3,541,622	)	$	(3,536,757	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	-		$	-

As on the reporting date, the Company had net operating loss carryovers of approximately $3.5 million that may be applied against future taxable income and expires at various dates between 2026 and 2031, subject to certain limitations. The Company has a deferred tax asset arising substantially from the benefits of such net operating loss deduction and has recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of this deferred tax asset since it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset may not be realized.