Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Taxes [Abstract]

Income Taxes

8. Income Taxes

The Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

	2018			2017
Deferred:
Federal	$	94,031		$	2,126,062
State and local		(449,796	)		200,294
Total deferred		(355,765	)		2,326,356
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes		(355,765	)		2,326,356
Less: valuation reserve		355,765			(2,326,356	)
Income tax provision	$	—		$	—

A reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to 0% for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 to the effective rate for income from operations before income taxes is as follows: 

	2018			2017
Benefit for income taxes at federal statutory rate		21.0	%		34.0	%
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit		7.4			7.4
Differences attributable to the Tax and Jobs Cut Act		—			(32.0	)
Differences attributable to change in state business apportionment		—			(4.7	)
Loss on debt conversion		—			(9.1	)
Prior year adjustment of taxes		—			(47.1	)
Other		—			(0.1	)
Less valuation allowance		(28.4	)		51.6
Effective income tax rate		0.0	%		0.0	%

The tax effects of these temporary differences along with the net operating losses, net of an allowance for credits, have been recognized as deferred tax assets (liabilities) at December 31, 2018 and 2017 as follows:

	2018			2017
Net operating loss carryforward	$	2,786,519		$	3,738,980
Bad debt reserve		238,194			9,709
Employee stock compensation		364,699			255,322
Intangible assets		(684,722	)		(858,811	)
Depreciation		(2,548	)		2,567
Accrued expenses		89,861			—
Charity		233			234
Net deferred tax asset		2,792,236			3,148,001
Valuation allowance		(2,792,236	)		(3,148,001	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

The Company establishes a valuation allowance, if based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred assets will not be realized. During 2018 certain adjustments were made to the Company’s net operating loss carryforward tax asset for IRC Section 382 limitations. The valuation allowance increased (decreased) by $(335,765) and $(2,326,356) during 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had a net operating loss carryforward of approximately $9.8 million for Federal and State tax purposes. The net operating loss expires beginning 2030 through 2037. The Company’s net operating loss carryforward may be subject to annual limitations, which could reduce or defer the utilization of the losses as a result of an ownership change as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.

As required by the provisions of ASC 740, the Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Differences between tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the net benefit recognized and measured pursuant to the interpretation are referred to as “unrecognized benefits.” A liability is recognized (or amount of net operating loss or amount of tax refundable is reduced) for an unrecognized tax benefit because it represents an enterprise’s potential future obligation to the taxing authority for a tax position that was not recognized as a result of applying the provisions of ASC 740.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in general and administrative expenses. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has no unrecognized tax positions, including interest and penalties. The tax years 2015 - 2017 are still open to examination by the major tax jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The Company files returns in the United States Federal tax jurisdiction and various other state jurisdictions.