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Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation


The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of BPZ Resources, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and branch offices. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.


The Company’s accounting policy regarding partnership or joint venture interests in oil and gas properties is to consolidate such interests on a pro-rata basis in accordance with generally accepted practice in the oil and gas industry. However, the Company has not been able to receive timely information to allow it to proportionately consolidate the minority non-operating net profits interest owned by its consolidated subsidiary, SMC Ecuador Inc. See Note-9, “Investment in Ecuador Property” to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the Company’s investment in its Ecuador property. Accordingly, the Company accounts for this investment under the cost method. As such, the Company records its share of cash received or paid attributable to this investment as other income or expense and amortizes its investment into income over the remaining term of the license agreement and operating agreement which were extended in May 2013 from May 2016 through December 2029. The transfer of a 49% participating interest in Block Z-1 to Pacific Rubiales was effective on December 14, 2012 and the entitlement to crude oil production and sharing of joint operating expenditures from that day forward was allocated to each partner. At closing, the sharing of any production or joint operating expenditures prior to that date for 2012 was treated by the parties as an adjustment to the carry amount under the SPA.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates


The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP” or “U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in the consolidated financial statements, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.


Estimates of crude oil reserves are the most significant of the Company’s estimates. All of the reserves data in this Form 10-K are estimates. Reservoir engineering is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of crude oil and natural gas. Numerous interpretations and assumptions are made in estimating quantities of proved crude oil and natural gas reserves. The accuracy of any reserves estimate is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. As a result, reserves estimates may be different from the quantities of crude oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered.


Other items subject to estimates and assumptions include the carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment, including impairments and asset retirement obligations and deferred income tax assets. Management evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic and commodity price environment. Current credit market conditions combined with volatile commodity prices have resulted in increased uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined accurately, actual results could differ significantly from management’s estimates.

Reclassification, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Reclassification 


Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2013 and 2012 consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2014 presentation. These reclassifications were not material to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition


The Company recognizes revenues when they are realized or realizable and earned. Revenues are considered realized or realizable and earned when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.


The Company sells its production in the Peruvian domestic market on a contract basis. Revenue is recorded net of royalties when the purchaser takes delivery of the oil. At the end of the period, oil that has been produced but not sold is recorded as inventory at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on a weighted average based on production costs. See Note–17, “Revenue” for further information.

Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]

Reporting and Functional Currency


The U.S. Dollar is the functional currency for the Company’s operations in both Peru and Ecuador. Ecuador has adopted the U.S. Dollar as its official currency. Peru, however, uses its local currency, Nuevo Sol, in addition to the U.S. Dollar and therefore its financial results are subject to foreign currency gains and losses. The Company has adopted Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 830, “Foreign Currency Matters,” which requires that the translation of the applicable foreign currency into U.S. dollars be performed for balance sheet monetary accounts using current exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, non-monetary accounts using historical exchange rates in effect at the time the transaction occurs, and for revenue and expense accounts using a weighted average exchange rate during the period reported. Accordingly, the gains or losses resulting from such remeasurement are included in other income and expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Foreign exchange gains (losses) for the year ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 were approximately ($0.6) million, ($1.2) million and ($0.2) million, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents


The Company considers cash on hand, cash in banks, money market mutual funds and highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Certain of the Company’s cash balances are maintained in foreign banks which are not covered by deposit insurance. The cash balance in the Company’s U.S. bank accounts may exceed federally insured limits.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Restricted Cash and Performance Bonds


As discussed in Note-10, “Restricted Cash and Performance Bonds,” the Company has secured various performance bonds, collateralized by certificates of deposit, to guarantee its obligations and commitments in connection with its exploratory properties in Peru. All of the performance bonds have been issued by Peruvian banks and their terms are dictated by the corresponding license contract or agreement. As a result of the repayment of the remaining principal balance of the $40.0 million secured debt facility in September 2013, it was agreed that the restricted cash balance of $1.0 million would remain relating to the performance based arranger fee (the “Performance Based Arranger Fee”) for the $75.0 million secured debt facility through July 2014. In July 2014 the $1.0 million was released to the Company and the debt service reserve account was terminated.

Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts


Currently, the Company’s contract terms regarding oil sales have a relatively short settlement period. Also included in accounts receivable are amounts receivable from the Company’s joint venture partner. The Company regularly reviews all aged accounts receivables for collectability and establishes an allowance as necessary for balances greater than 90 days outstanding. Currently, the majority of oil sale receivables are current or were outstanding less than thirty days.


It is the Company’s belief that there are no balances in accounts receivable that will not be collected and that an allowance was not necessary at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventories


Inventories consist of crude oil, tubular goods, accessories and spare parts for production equipment used in the Company’s oil and gas operations, stated at the lower of average cost or market. The cost of crude oil inventory includes production costs and depreciation, depletion and amortization of oil and gas properties. See Note-6, “Inventory.”

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property, Equipment and Construction in Progress


The Company follows the successful efforts method of accounting for its costs of acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas properties. Under this method, oil and gas lease acquisition costs and intangible drilling costs associated with exploration efforts that result in the discovery of proved reserves and costs associated with development drilling, whether or not successful, are capitalized when incurred. Capitalized costs of producing crude oil and natural gas properties, along with support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense by the unit-of-production method based on proved developed crude oil reserves on a field-by-field basis. Certain costs of exploratory wells are capitalized pending determinations that proved reserves have been found. Exploratory well costs continue to be capitalized if the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and the Company is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. If the determination is dependent upon the results of planned additional wells and required capital expenditures to produce the reserves found, the drilling costs will be capitalized as long as sufficient reserves have been found to justify completion of the exploratory well and additional wells are underway or firmly planned to complete the evaluation of the well. All costs related to unsuccessful exploratory wells are expensed when such wells are determined to be non-productive.


In January 2013, the Company made a change in its method of estimating the depreciation of producing equipment. The Company changed to the unit-of-production method from a straight-line five-year life method of calculating depreciation because it more accurately matches the costs of production equipment to the Company’s oil production.


The Company assesses its capitalized exploratory wells pending evaluation each quarter to determine whether costs should remain capitalized or should be charged to earnings. Other exploration costs, including geological, geophysical and engineering costs, are expensed as incurred. The Company recognizes gains or losses on the sale of properties, should they occur, on a field-by-field basis.


Projects under construction are not depreciated or amortized until placed in service. For assets the Company constructs, it capitalizes direct costs, such as labor and materials, and indirect costs, such as overhead and interest. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets by monitoring and evaluating changes in circumstances that may indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable and subsequently expensed. As of December 31, 2014, property and equipment consists of office equipment, vehicles and leasehold improvements made to the Company’s offices. All such values are stated at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the assets which ranges between three and ten years, or if shorter the term of the lease. Vessels and related equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset, which is between two and fifteen years. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Replacements, upgrades or expenditures which improve and extend the life of the assets are capitalized. When assets are sold, retired or otherwise disposed, the applicable costs and accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the appropriate accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recorded.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liability [Policy Text Block]

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities


Accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31, 2014 and 2013 consisted mainly of accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to costs for which goods and services have been received in support of the Company’s oil and gas operations, including drilling operations, seismic, lease operating costs and amounts payable to the Company’s joint venture partner.

Other Liabilities Current [Policy Text Block]

Other Current Liabilities


Other current liabilities included in the Company’s balance sheet at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 includes $22.5 million and $23.9 million, respectively, related to exploratory expenditures for Block Z-1 under funding by Pacific Rubiales of the exploratory expenditures in Block Z-1 incurred in 2012. This amount is being settled by the Company and Pacific Rubiales under the terms of the SPA with cash payments under the liability of $14.4 million occurring in 2014.

Asset Retirement Obligations, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Asset Retirement Obligation


Asset retirement obligations consist of estimated costs of well plugging and abandonment, dismantlement, removal, site reclamation and similar activities associated with the Company’s oil and gas properties. The Company recognizes the fair value of a liability for an ARO in the period in which it is incurred when it has an existing legal obligation associated with the retirement of its oil and gas properties that can reasonably be estimated, with the associated asset retirement cost capitalized as part of the carrying cost of the oil and gas asset. The fair value of the asset retirement obligation asset and liability is measured using expected future cash outflows discounted at the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate. Accretion of the liability is recognized each period using the interest method of allocation, and the capitalized cost is depleted using the units of production method. Should either the estimated life or the estimated abandonment costs of a property change materially upon the Company’s periodic review, a new calculation is performed using the same methodology of taking the abandonment cost and inflating it forward to its abandonment date and then discounting it back to the present using the Company’s credit-adjusted-risk-free rate. The carrying value of the asset retirement obligation is adjusted to the newly calculated value, with a corresponding offsetting adjustment to the asset retirement cost. Any negative adjustment in excess of asset retirement cost is reclassified to depreciation, depletion and amortization expense. See Note-11, “Asset Retirement Obligation.”

Other Liabilities Noncurrent [Policy Text Block]

Other Non-current Liabilities


The other non-current liabilities included in the Company’s balance sheet at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 includes zero and $16.8 million, respectively, related to exploratory expenditures for Block Z-1 under funding by Pacific Rubiales of the exploratory expenditures in Block Z-1 incurred in 2012. This amount will be settled by the Company and Pacific Rubiales under the terms of the SPA.

Full Cost or Successful Efforts, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Oil and Gas Accounting Reserves Determination


The successful efforts method of accounting depends on the estimated reserves the Company believes are recoverable from its oil and gas reserves. The process of estimating reserves is complex. It requires significant judgments and decisions based on available geological, geophysical, engineering and economic data.


To estimate the economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves and related future net cash flows, the Company incorporates many factors and assumptions including:


                                  expected reservoir characteristics based on geological, geophysical and engineering assessments;


                                  future production rates based on historical performance and expected future operating and investment activities;


                                  future oil and gas quality differentials;


                                  assumed effects of regulation by governmental agencies; and


                                  future development and operating costs.


The Company believes its assumptions are reasonable based on the information available to it at the time it prepared the estimates. However, these estimates may change substantially going forward as additional data from development activities and production performance becomes available and as economic conditions impacting oil and gas prices and costs change.


Management is responsible for estimating the quantities of proved oil and natural gas reserves and for preparing related disclosures. Estimates and related disclosures are prepared in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requirements and generally accepted industry practices in the US as prescribed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Reserve estimates are independently evaluated at least annually by independent qualified reserves engineers, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc (“NSAI”). The estimate of the Company’s proved reserves as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 has been prepared and presented in accordance with SEC rules and accounting standards. These rules require SEC reporting companies to prepare their reserve estimates using revised reserve definitions and revised pricing based on 12-month unweighted first-day-of-the-month average pricing.


The Company’s Technical Committee of the Board of Directors oversees the review of its oil and gas reserves and related disclosures prepared by the Company’s appointed independent reserve engineers. The Technical Committee meets with management periodically to review the reserves process and results, and to confirm that the independent reserve engineers have had access to sufficient information, including the nature and satisfactory resolution of any material differences of opinion between the Company and the reserve engineers. 


Reserves estimates are critical to many of the Company’s accounting estimates, including:


 

determining whether or not an exploratory well has found economically producible reserves;


 

calculating the Company’s unit-of-production depletion rates. Proved developed reserves estimates are used to determine rates that are applied to each unit-of-production in calculating the Company’s depletion expense; and


 

assessing, when necessary, the Company’s oil and gas assets for impairment using undiscounted future cash flows based on management’s estimates. If impairment is indicated, discounted values will be used to determine the fair value of the assets. The critical estimates used to assess impairment, including the impact of changes in reserves estimates, are discussed below.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets


The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets by monitoring and evaluating changes in circumstances that may indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Examples of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the recoverability of the carrying amount of an asset should be assessed include but are not limited to the following: a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used or a significant physical change in an asset, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of an asset or an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected to acquire or construct an asset, and/or a current period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with an asset used for the purpose of producing revenue.


The Company considers historical performance and anticipated future results in its evaluation of potential impairment. Accordingly, when indicators of impairment are present, the Company evaluates the carrying value of these assets in relation to the operating performance of the business and future discounted and non-discounted cash flows expected to result from the use of these assets. Impairment losses are recognized when the expected future cash flows from an asset are less than its carrying value. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized $58.0 million of impairment losses. For the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, there were no impairment losses recognized by the Company.

Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]

Stock Based Compensation


The Company accounts for stock-based compensation at fair value in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, “Stock Compensation” (“ASC Topic 718”), which establishes accounting for stock-based payment transactions for employee services and goods and services received from non-employee directors. Under the provisions of ASC Topic 718, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the date of grant, based on the calculated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations ratably over the employee’s or non-employee director’s requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity grant. The fair value of stock option awards is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Restricted stock awards and units are valued using the market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of the performance stock units is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the grant date. Additionally, stock-based compensation cost is recognized based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest, therefore, the compensation cost recognized on stock-based payment transactions is reduced for estimated forfeitures based on the Company’s historical forfeiture rates. Additionally, no stock-based compensation costs were capitalized for the year ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. The Company provides compensation benefits to employees and non-employee directors under stock-based payment arrangements, including various employee stock option plans. See Note-14, “Stockholders’ Equity,” for further discussion of the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.


ASC Topic 230, “Statement of Cash Flows,” requires the cash flows resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for equity awards (excess tax benefits) to be classified as financing cash flows. However, as the Company is not able to use these tax deductions (see Note-20, “Income Taxes” for further information), it has no excess tax benefits to be classified as financing cash flows.

Interest Capitalization, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Capitalized Interest


Certain interest costs have been capitalized as part of the cost of oil and gas properties under development, including wells in progress and related facilities. Total interest costs capitalized during the year ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were $9.2 million, $9.9 million and $15.6 million, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments


The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, restricted cash, trade receivables, trade payables, debt and derivatives. The book values of cash, trade receivables and trade payables are considered to be representative of their respective fair values due to the short-term maturity of those instruments. For further information regarding the fair value of the Company’s fixed rate debt see Note-15, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.” The Company’s derivative financial instruments consist of variable financing arranger fee payments that are dependent on the change in oil prices from the loan origination date of the Company’s variable rate debt and the oil price on each repayment date. The Company estimates the fair value of these payments based on published forward commodity price curves at each financial reporting date. The variable financing arranger fee payments expired in July 2014.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes


The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Under ASC Topic 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Environmental Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Environmental


The Company is subject to environmental laws and regulations of various U.S. and international jurisdictions. These laws and regulations, which are subject to change, regulate the discharge of materials into the environment and may require the Company to remove or mitigate the environmental effects of the disposal or release of petroleum or chemical substances at various sites.


Environmental costs that relate to current operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Costs are expensed when they relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and will not contribute to current or future revenue generation. Liabilities related to environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are accrued when property or services are provided and when such costs can be reasonably estimated. The Company’s cost for environmental impact assessments related to the Company’s properties included in geological, geophysical and engineering expense for the year ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were approximately $0.8 million, $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Loss per Common Share


In accordance with provisions of ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share,” basic earnings (loss) per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted earnings per share is computed based upon the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding plus the assumed issuance of common shares for all potentially dilutive securities. Diluted loss per share equals basic loss per share for the periods presented because the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive.

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements


In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2014-08: Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity (ASU 2014-08). ASU 2014-08 changes the criteria for reporting discontinued operations while enhancing disclosures in this area and is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2014. The Company does not anticipate an impact to its financial position and results of operations.


In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (ASU 2014-09), which creates Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, including most industry-specific revenue recognition guidance throughout the Industry Topics of the Codification. In addition, ASU 2014-09 supersedes the cost guidance in Subtopic 605-35, Revenue Recognition—Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts, and creates new Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs— Contracts with Customers. In summary, the core principle of Topic 606 is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, ASU 2014-09 requires enhanced financial statement disclosures over revenue recognition as part of the new accounting guidance. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU 2014-09 and assessing the impact, if any, it may have on its financial position and results of operations.


In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15 (ASU 2014-15), which creates Subtopic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements— Going Concern. ASU 2014-15 requires management to assess the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein. Upon adoption, the Company will use this guidance to evaluate going concern.