INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| | | | | |
Harmony Gold Mining Company Limited |
| Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
Group Income Statement for the years ended 30 June 2021, 2020 and 2019 | |
Group Statement of Comprehensive Income for the years ended 30 June 2021, 2020 and 2019 | |
Group Balance Sheet at 30 June 2021 and 2020 | |
Group Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the years ended 30 June 2021, 2020 and 2019 | |
Group Cash Flow Statement for the years ended 30 June 2021, 2020 and 2019 | |
| Notes to the Group Financial Statements | |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Harmony Gold Mining Company Limited
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying group balance sheets of Harmony Gold Mining Company Limited and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of 30 June 2021 and 30 June 2020, and the related group income statements, statements of comprehensive income, statements of changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flow statements for each of the three years in the period ended 30 June 2021, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of 30 June 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of 30 June 2021 and 30 June 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended 30 June 2021 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting
Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of 30 June 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Change in Accounting Principle
As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in
which it accounts for leases in 2020.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15B. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
As described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management has excluded Mponeng operations and related assets from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of 30 June 2021 because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during the year ended 30 June 2021. We have also excluded Mponeng operations and related assets from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Mponeng operations and related assets consist of the Mponeng, Tau Tona and Savuka mines and associated rock-dump and tailings storage facility reclamation sites, mine rehabilitation and
closure activities located in the West Wits region and their associated assets and liabilities, certain rock-dump reclamation, mine rehabilitation and closure activities located in the Vaal River region and their associated assets and liabilities (the VR Remaining assets) and wholly-owned subsidiaries (First Uranium (Pty) Limited, Covalent Water Company (Pty) Limited, AngloGold Security Services (Pty) Limited and Masakhisane Investments (Pty) Limited) whose total assets and total revenues excluded from management’s assessment and our audit of internal control over financial reporting represent approximately 14% of consolidated total assets and approximately 19% of consolidated total revenue, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended 30 June 2021.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorisations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorised acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Impairment of goodwill and mining assets
As described in Notes 2.5, 6, 15 and 16 to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill has a carrying value of R333 million and mining assets, which include mine development costs and mine plant facilities, has a carrying value of R26 487 million at 30 June 2021. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Management conducts an impairment test for other non-financial assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount for cash generating units (“CGU”) exceeds its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the income statement for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. An impairment charge of R1 124 million was recorded for the year ended 30 June 2021. The recoverable amount of CGUs is determined utilising real discounted future cash flows (post-tax) or resource multiples in the case of undeveloped properties and certain resource bases. Key assumptions for the calculations of the CGUs recoverable amounts are the commodity prices, resource values, marketable discount rates, exchange rates and the annual life-of-mine plans. In determining the commodity prices and resource values to be used, management assesses the views of several institutions on future commodity prices and based on this, derives the future commodity prices and resource values. Due to the short-term volatility in the US$ commodity price and rand against the US$, management differentiated between short-, medium- and long-term assumptions used in the models. The life-of-mine plans are based on proved and probable reserves as included in the Reserve Declaration, which are determined by
management in terms of the South African Code for the Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (SAMREC), as well as resources where management has high confidence in the orebody and economical recovery of gold, based on historic and similar geological experience.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the impairment of goodwill and mining assets is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment applied by management in determining the recoverable amount for each CGU; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures to evaluate management’s future cash flows and significant assumptions, including commodity prices, resource values, marketable discount rates, exchange rates and the annual life-of-mine plans; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialised skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management's impairment calculations, including controls over management’s process for developing their estimate of the recoverable amount for each CGU and controls over significant assumptions in the calculation. These procedures also included, among others, testing management’s process for developing the recoverable amount for each CGU, evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flows models and resource values per CGU, testing the completeness, accuracy and relevance of the underlying data used in the discounted cash flows and resource values, and evaluating the significant assumptions used by management. These significant assumptions included commodity prices, resource values, marketable discount rates, exchange rates, and annual life-of-mine plans. Evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to life-of-mine plans and resource values involved (i) evaluating the reasonableness of the cash flow forecasts used in the life-of-mine plans and resource values by comparing the cash flow forecasts to current and historical operational results, the reserves and resources declaration, and final approved budgets, (ii) evaluating the reasonableness of the allocation of the resource values by comparing the resources incorporated into the current year plan to what is included as part of the Mineral Resources and Reserves declaration, as well as resources where management has high confidence in the orebody and economical recovery of gold, based on historic and similar geological experience, and (iii) evaluating the reasonableness of management’s commodity price, marketable discount rates, exchange rates and the attributable resource value assumption against external market and third party data. Professionals with specialised skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of management’s impairment calculations and certain significant assumptions including commodity prices, resource values, marketable discount rates and exchange rates.
Acquisitions of the Mponeng operations and related assets
As described in note 14 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company completed the acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets. Consideration for the transaction amounted to a net cash consideration of R3 363 million and contingent consideration valued at R544 million on acquisition date. The final fair value of identifiable net assets acquired amounted to R4 213 million which resulted in a gain on bargain purchase of R303 million being recorded. Included in the final fair value of identifiable net assets acquired are property, plant & equipment amounting to R6 024 million, the streaming arrangement liability assumed of R1 417 million and the provision for environmental rehabilitation assumed of
R1 856 million. Management applied significant judgment in concluding the final fair value exercise. This involved the use of significant estimates and assumptions in determining the fair value of property, plant and equipment which was determined using expected discounted cash flows based on the life-of-mine plans of the acquired operations, the streaming contract liability and the provision for environmental rehabilitation with respect to gold prices, discount rates, exchange and inflation rates, the life-of-mine plans and the estimated rehabilitation costs.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the acquisition of the Mponeng operations and related assets is a critical audit matter are (i) a high degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity in performing procedures relating to the determined fair values of property, plant and equipment acquired, the provision for environmental rehabilitation- and streaming contract liability assumed due to the significant judgment by management when developing the estimates; (ii) the significant audit effort involved in evaluating the significant assumptions related to the gold prices, discount rates, exchange and inflation rates, the life-of-mine plans and the estimated rehabilitation costs; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialised skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the fair value exercise, which included, among others, controls over
management’s valuation of property, plant and equipment, the provision for environmental rehabilitation and streaming contract liability and controls over the development of significant assumptions related to gold prices, discount rates, exchange and inflation rates, the life-of-mine plans and the estimated rehabilitation costs. These procedures also included, among others (i) reading the purchase agreements and (ii) performing procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of the identifiable net assets acquired using the work of management’s specialists. As a basis for using their work, management’s specialists’ qualifications and objectivity were understood as well as their methods and assumptions applied in the fair value exercise. The procedures performed included testing of the data used by management’s specialists and evaluating their findings and testing management’s and management’s specialists process for estimating the fair values of property, plant and equipment, the provision for environmental rehabilitation and the streaming contract liability. This included evaluating the appropriateness of the valuation methods, testing the completeness and accuracy of data provided by management and their specialists, and evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions related to gold prices, discount rates, inflation and exchange rates, the life-of-mine plans and the estimated rehabilitation costs. The gold price, discount rate and inflation and exchange rate assumptions were evaluated for reasonableness by benchmarking these to external market-related information independently obtained. Evaluating the reasonableness of the life-of-mine plans involved considering the past performance of the acquired businesses, as well as other third party information, where available. Evaluating the reasonableness of the estimated rehabilitation costs involved comparing the estimated rehabilitation closure cost rates used by management to ongoing rehabilitation activities undertaken by the Company, current and historical rates used by management’s specialists and other external industry-related information. Professionals with specialised skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the Company’s valuation methods and management’s fair value model calculations, and certain of management’s significant assumptions including gold prices, discount rates, exchange and inflation rates and the estimated rehabilitation costs.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Inc.
Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
29 October 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1950, which includes periods before the Company became subject to SEC reporting requirements.
GROUP INCOME STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | Notes | 2021 |
2020 |
2019 |
| | | | |
| Revenue | 5 | 41 733 | | 29 245 | | 26 912 | |
| Cost of sales | 6 | (35 489) | | (25 908) | | (28 869) | |
| Production costs | | (29 774) | | (22 048) | | (20 324) | |
| Amortisation and depreciation | | (3 875) | | (3 508) | | (4 054) | |
| Impairment of assets | | (1 124) | | — | | (3 898) | |
| Other items | | (716) | | (352) | | (593) | |
| | | | |
| Gross profit/(loss) | | 6 244 | | 3 337 | | (1 957) | |
| Corporate, administration and other expenditure | 7 | (1 068) | | (611) | | (731) | |
| Exploration expenditure | | (177) | | (205) | | (148) | |
| Gains/(losses) on derivatives | 19 | 1 022 | | (1 678) | | 484 | |
| Foreign exchange translation gain/(loss) | 8 | 670 | | (892) | | (86) | |
| Other operating expenses | 9 | (241) | | (309) | | (100) | |
| Operating profit/(loss) | | 6 450 | | (358) | | (2 538) | |
| Gain on bargain purchase | 14 | 303 | | — | | — | |
| Acquisition-related costs | 14 | (124) | | (45) | | — | |
| Share of profits from associate | 21 | 83 | | 94 | | 59 | |
| Investment income | 10 | 331 | | 375 | | 308 | |
| Finance costs | 11 | (661) | | (661) | | (575) | |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | | 6 382 | | (595) | | (2 746) | |
| Taxation | 12 | (1 258) | | (255) | | 139 | |
| Net profit/(loss) for the year | | 5 124 | | (850) | | (2 607) | |
| Attributable to: | | | | |
| Non-controlling interest | | 37 | | 28 | | — | |
| Owners of the parent | | 5 087 | | (878) | | (2 607) | |
| Earnings/(loss) per ordinary share (cents) | | | | |
| Total earnings/(loss) | 13 | 842 | | (164) | | (498) | |
| Diluted earnings/(loss) per ordinary share (cents) | | | | |
| Total earnings/(loss) | 13 | 825 | | (166) | | (500) | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
GROUP STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | Notes | 2021 |
2020 |
2019 |
| Net profit/(loss) for the year | | 5 124 | | (850) | | (2 607) | |
| Other comprehensive income for the year, net of income tax | | 3 251 | | (1 958) | | (684) | |
| Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss | 25 | 3 233 | | (1 998) | | (677) | |
| Foreign exchange translation gain/(loss) | | (1 234) | | 1 199 | | (50) | |
| Remeasurement of gold hedging contracts | | 4 467 | | (3 197) | | (627) | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss | 25 | 18 | | 40 | | (7) | |
| | | | |
| Total comprehensive income for the year | | 8 375 | | (2 808) | | (3 291) | |
| Attributable to: | | | | |
| Non-controlling interest | | 58 | | 12 | | — | |
| Owners of the parent | | 8 317 | | (2 820) | | (3 291) | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
GROUP BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 30 JUNE 2021
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | Notes | At 30 June
2021 |
At 30 June 2020 |
| | | |
| ASSETS | | | |
| Non-current assets | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment | 15 | 33 597 | | 29 186 | |
| Intangible assets | 16 | 365 | | 536 | |
| Restricted cash and investments | 17 | 5 232 | | 3 642 | |
| Investments in associates | 21 | 126 | | 146 | |
| Deferred tax assets | 12 | 272 | | 531 | |
| Other non-current assets | 18 | 332 | | 435 | |
| Derivative financial assets | 19 | 328 | | 50 | |
| Total non-current assets | | 40 252 | | 34 526 | |
| Current assets | | | |
| Inventories | 23 | 2 542 | | 2 421 | |
| Restricted cash and investments | 17 | 67 | | 62 | |
| Trade and other receivables | 20 | 1 652 | | 1 308 | |
| Derivative financial assets | 19 | 1 471 | | 18 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | 2 819 | | 6 357 | |
| Total current assets | | 8 551 | | 10 166 | |
| Total assets | | 48 803 | | 44 692 | |
| EQUITY AND LIABILITIES | | | |
| Share capital and reserves | | | |
| Attributable to equity holders of the parent company | | 31 160 | | 23 371 | |
| Share capital and premium | 24 | 32 934 | | 32 937 | |
| Other reserves | 25 | 6 399 | | 3 017 | |
| Accumulated loss | | (8 173) | | (12 583) | |
| Non-controlling interest | | 54 | | 4 | |
| Total equity | | 31 214 | | 23 375 | |
| Non-current liabilities | | | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | 12 | 2 178 | | 996 | |
| Provision for environmental rehabilitation | 26 | 4 662 | | 3 408 | |
| Other provisions | 27 | 926 | | 910 | |
| Borrowings | 32 | 2 974 | | 7 463 | |
| Contingent consideration liability | 29 | 417 | | — | |
| Other non-current liabilities | 30 | 178 | | 101 | |
| Derivative financial liabilities | 19 | 6 | | 879 | |
| Streaming contract liability | 31 | 695 | | — | |
| Total non-current liabilities | | 12 036 | | 13 757 | |
| Current liabilities | | | |
| Other provisions | 27 | 175 | | 175 | |
| Borrowings | 32 | 387 | | 255 | |
| Trade and other payables | 33 | 4 389 | | 3 006 | |
| Derivative financial liabilities | 19 | 206 | | 4 124 | |
| Streaming contract liability | 31 | 396 | | — | |
| Total current liabilities | | 5 553 | | 7 560 | |
| Total equity and liabilities | | 48 803 | | 44 692 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Number of ordinary shares issued | Share capital and premium | Accumulated loss | Other reserves | Non-controlling interest | Total |
| Notes | 24 | 24 | | 25 | | |
| | | | | | |
| Figures in million (SA Rand) | | | | | | |
| Balance – 30 June 2018 | 500 251 751 | | 29 340 | | (9 103) | | 5 145 | | — | | 25 382 | |
| Impact of adopting IFRS 9 | — | | — | | — | | 82 | | — | | 82 | |
| Re-presented opening balance – 1 July 2018 | 500 251 751 | | 29 340 | | (9 103) | | 5 227 | | — | | 25 464 | |
| Issue of shares | | | | | | |
| – Shares issued and fully paid | 11 032 623 | | 211 | | — | | — | | — | | 211 | |
| – Exercise of employee share options | 21 856 821 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| – Harmony ESOP Trust | 6 700 000 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Share-based payments | — | | — | | — | | 230 | | — | | 230 | |
| Net loss for the year | — | | — | | (2 607) | | — | | — | | (2 607) | |
| Other comprehensive income for the year | — | | — | | — | | (684) | | — | | (684) | |
Balance – 30 June 2019 | 539 841 195 | | 29 551 | | (11 710) | | 4 773 | | — | | 22 614 | |
| Issue of shares | | | | | | |
| – Shares issued and fully paid | 60 278 260 | | 3 386 | | — | | — | | — | | 3 386 | |
| – Exercise of employee share options | 3 023 251 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Share-based payments | — | | — | | — | | 186 | | — | | 186 | |
| Recognition of non-controlling interest | — | | — | | 5 | | — | | (5) | | — | |
| Net loss for the year | — | | — | | (878) | | — | | 28 | | (850) | |
| Other comprehensive income for the year | — | | — | | — | | (1 942) | | (16) | | (1 958) | |
| Dividends paid | — | | — | | — | | — | | (3) | | (3) | |
| Balance – 30 June 2020 | 603 142 706 | | 32 937 | | (12 583) | | 3 017 | | 4 | | 23 375 | |
| Issue of shares | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| – Exercise of employee share options | 12 909 491 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Share issue costs | — | | (3) | | — | | — | | — | | (3) | |
| Share-based payments | — | | — | | — | | 156 | | — | | 156 | |
| Partial purchase of non-controlling interest | — | | — | | — | | (4) | | (1) | | (5) | |
| Net profit for the year | — | | — | | 5 087 | | — | | 37 | | 5 124 | |
| Other comprehensive income for the year | — | | — | | — | | 3 230 | | 21 | | 3 251 | |
| Dividends paid | — | | — | | (677) | | — | | (7) | | (684) | |
| Balance – 30 June 2021 | 616 052 197 | | 32 934 | | (8 173) | | 6 399 | | 54 | | 31 214 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
GROUP CASH FLOW STATEMENT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | Notes | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | | | | |
| Cash generated by operations | 34 | 9 741 | | 5 031 | | 5 052 | |
| Dividends received | | 85 | | — | | — | |
| Interest received | | 171 | | 86 | | 69 | |
| Interest paid | | (234) | | (370) | | (387) | |
| Income and mining taxes paid | | (584) | | (24) | | (55) | |
| Cash generated by operating activities | | 9 179 | | 4 723 | | 4 679 | |
| CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | | | | |
| Increase in restricted cash and investments | 17 | (48) | | (21) | | (15) | |
| Amounts refunded from restricted cash and investments | 17 | 34 | | 5 | | 187 | |
| Redemption of preference shares from associates | 21 | 36 | | 59 | 32 | |
| Acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets | 14 | (3 363) | | — | | — | |
| ARM BBEE Trust loan repayment | 18 | 264 | | — | | — | |
| ARM BBEE Trust loan advanced | 18 | (264) | | — | | — | |
| Capital distributions from investments | 18 | 8 | | 7 | | 30 | |
| Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment | | 11 | | 2 | | 5 | |
| Additions to property, plant and equipment | | (5 142) | | (3 610) | | (5 036) | |
| | | | |
| Cash utilised by investing activities | | (8 464) | | (3 558) | | (4 797) | |
| CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | | | | |
| Borrowings raised | 32 | — | | 6 541 | | 1 522 | |
| Borrowings repaid | 32 | (3 491) | | (5 661) | | (1 353) | |
| Proceeds from the issue of shares | 14 | — | | 3 466 | | 211 | |
| Partial repurchase of non-controlling interest | | (5) | | — | | — | |
| Dividend paid | 13 | (684) | | (3) | | — | |
| Lease payments | 28 | (119) | | (38) | | — | |
| | | | |
| Cash generated/(utilised) from financing activities | | (4 299) | | 4 305 | | 380 | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | | 46 | | (106) | | 25 | |
| Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | (3 538) | | 5 364 | | 287 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of year | | 6 357 | | 993 | | 706 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents - end of year | | 2 819 | | 6 357 | | 993 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Harmony Gold Mining Company Limited (the company) and its subsidiaries (collectively Harmony or the group) are engaged in gold mining and related activities, including exploration, extraction and processing. Gold bullion, the group’s principal product, is currently produced at its operations in South Africa and Papua New Guinea (PNG). Uranium and silver are produced as by-products.
The company is a public company, incorporated and domiciled in South Africa. The address of its registered office is Randfontein Office Park, Corner Main Reef Road and Ward Avenue, Randfontein, 1759.
The consolidated financial statements were authorised for issue by the board of directors on 29 October 2021.
2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of preparation
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements have been consistently applied in all years presented except for the changes as described under"Recent accounting developments" below.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) Interpretations (collectively IFRS).
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. On 1 July 2019, IFRS 16, Leases, was adopted on a modified retrospective approach.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared to the nearest million and rounding may cause differences.
Recent accounting developments
New standards, amendments to standards and interpretations to existing standards adopted by the group
During the financial year, the following new standards, amendments to standards and interpretations to existing standards were adopted by the group. No other standards and amendments to standards that became effective during the 2021 year were relevant to the consolidated financial statements.
Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting
The IASB revised the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (Conceptual Framework) to include further guidance on measurement, improve definitions of an asset and a liability, provide guidance on reporting financial performance and clarify the roles of stewardship, prudence and measurement uncertainty in financial reporting. The revised Conceptual Framework applies to annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020. The amendments did not have a material impact on the group.
IFRS 3 Business Combinations (Amendment)
The amendments make it easier for companies to decide whether activities and assets they acquire are a business or merely a group of assets. The amendments:
•Confirm that a business must include inputs and a process, and clarified that: (i) the process must be substantive and (ii) the inputs and process must together significantly contribute to creating outputs;
•Narrow the definitions of a business by focusing the definition of outputs on goods and services provided to customers and other income from ordinary activities, rather than on providing dividends or other economic benefits directly to investors or lowering costs; and
•Add a test that makes it easier to conclude that a company has acquired a group of assets, rather than a business, if the value of the assets acquired is substantially all concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets.
The amendments apply for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020. Refer to note 14 for the acquisition assessed using these amendments. The amendments did not have a material impact on the group.
IFRS 7 Financial Instrument: Disclosures and IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (Amendment)
The IASB issued an amendment to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 insofar as they are affected by the Interest Rate Benchmark Reform and uncertainty during the reform period. The amendment addresses only the following hedge accounting requirements that are based on a forward-looking analysis:
•The highly probable requirement;
•Prospective assessments; and
•Separately identifiable risk components.
The amendments also require companies to provide additional information to investors about their hedging relationships which are directly affected by these uncertainties. Other than these specific amendments, the hedge accounting requirements would be unchanged. The amendments apply for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020. The amendments did not have a material impact on the group.
IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors (Amendment)
The amendments clarify and align the definition of "material" and provide guidance to help improve consistency in the application of materiality whenever it is used in IFRS Standards. The amendments apply for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020. The amendments did not have a material impact on the group.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued
Recent accounting developments continued
New standards, amendments to standards and interpretations to existing standards that are not yet effective and have not been early adopted
At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the standards, amendments to standards and interpretations listed below were in issue but not yet effective. These new standards and interpretations have not been early adopted by the group and the group plans on adopting these standards, amendments to standards and interpretations on the dates when they become effective.
IFRS 7 Financial Instrument: Disclosures and IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (Amendment)
The IASB has published 'Interest Rate Benchmark Reform - Phase 2 (Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16) with amendments that address issues that might affect financial reporting during the reform of an interest rate benchmark, including the effects of changes to contractual cash flows or hedging relationships arising from the replacement of an interest rate benchmark with an alternative benchmark rate (replacement issues). The IASB has made amendments to the requirements in IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 relating to:
•Changes in the basis for determining contractual cash flows of financial assets, financial liabilities and lease liabilities;
•Hedge accounting; and
•Disclosures
The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021, with earlier application permitted. After consideration of all areas impacted, Harmony concluded that the amendments are not expected to have a material impact on the group.
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (Amendment)
The amendment to IFRS 9 clarifies the fees a company includes when assessing whether the terms of a new or modified financial liability are substantially different from the terms of the original financial liability. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the group.
IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements (Amendment)
The IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements to clarify its requirements for the presentation of liabilities in the statement of financial position. The amendments are effective from annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. The amendments are not expected to have a material impact on the group.
IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements (Amendment)
The IASB amended paragraphs 117 - 122 of IAS 1 to require entities to disclose their material accounting policy information rather than their significant accounting policies. The amendments are effective from annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. Harmony is still assessing the impact of this amendment on the group.
IAS 8 Accounting policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors (Amendment)
The amendments introduce the definition of accounting estimates and included other amendments to IAS 8 to help entities distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. The amendments are not expected to have a material impact on the group.
IAS 12 Income taxes (Amendment)
The IASB issued Deferred tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction (Amendment to IAS 12) to narrow the scope of IAS 12 recognition exemption so that it no longer applies to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. The amendments are not expected to have a material impact on the group.
IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment (Amendment)
The IASB issued Property, Plant and Equipment—Proceeds before Intended Use, which prohibit a company from deducting from the cost of property, plant and equipment amounts received from selling items produced while the company is preparing the asset for its intended use. Instead, a company will recognise such sales proceeds and related cost in profit or loss. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022. Harmony is currently assessing the impact that this would have on the group.
IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (Amendment)
The IASB issued Onerous Contracts–Cost of Fulfilling a Contract, which specifies which costs an entity includes in determining the cost of fulfilling a contract for the purpose of assessing whether the contract is onerous. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the group.
Measurement basis
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities which are measured at fair value through profit or loss or other comprehensive income - refer to note 39.
Group accounting policies
Accounting policies are included in the relevant notes to the consolidated financial statements and have been highlighted between red lines in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies that follow are applied throughout the financial statements.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued
Group accounting policies continued
2.1 Consolidation
The group recognises that control is the single basis for consolidation for all types of entities in accordance with IFRS 10 – Consolidated Financial Statements. The consolidated financial information includes the financial statements of the company, its subsidiaries, interest in associates and joint arrangements and structured entities. Where the group has no control over an entity, that entity is not consolidated.
Control
The group, regardless of the nature of its involvement with an entity, shall determine whether it is a parent by assessing whether it controls the investee. The group controls an entity when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity
(i) Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities over which the group has control. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the group up until when that control ceases. Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the group.
The group uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of an acquiree is the fair value of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the group. The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. On an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, the group recognises any non-controlling interests in the acquiree either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquiree’s net assets.
The excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If this is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, in the case of a bargain purchase, the difference is recognised directly in the income statement below operating profit or loss.
(ii) Associates
Associates are entities in which the group has significant influence, but not control, over operational and financial policies. This may be when there is a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights or when significant influence can be otherwise demonstrated, for example where the group has the right of representation on the board of directors, or other governing body, of the entity.
Investments in associates are accounted for by using the equity method of accounting, and are initially recognised at cost. The group’s investment in associates includes goodwill identified on acquisition. Cumulative post-acquisition movements are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment. The group’s share of the associates’ post-acquisition profits or losses is recognised in the income statement, and its share of post acquisition movement in reserves is recognised in other reserves. When the group’s share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, the group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.
The carrying value of an associate is reviewed on a regular basis and, if impairment in the carrying value has occurred, it is written off in the period in which such impairment is identified.
Accounting policies of associates have been reviewed to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the group.
(iii) Joint arrangements
Joint arrangements are arrangements of which two or more parties have joint control and are contractually bound. The joint arrangement can either be a joint operation or a joint venture. A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement and have the right to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement. These parties are called joint operators. A joint venture is a joint arrangement where the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. Those parties are called joint venturers.
For interest in joint operations, the group includes its share of the joint operations' individual income and expenses, assets and liabilities and cash flows on a line-by-line basis with similar items in the group’s financial statements.
Where an additional interest in a joint operation is acquired, the principles of IFRS 3 are applied to account for the transaction.
The group recognises the portion of gains or losses on the sale of assets by the group to the joint operation that is attributable to the other joint operators. The group does not recognise its share of profits or losses from the joint operation that results from the purchase of assets by the group from the joint operation until it resells the assets to an independent party. However, if a loss on the transaction provides evidence of a reduction in the net realisable value of current assets or an impairment loss, the loss is recognised immediately.
The group recognises its interest in a joint venture as an investment and accounts for it using the equity accounting method.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued
Group accounting policies continued
2.1 Consolidation continued
(iv) Structured entities
A structured entity is an entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements.
The accounting treatment for a structured entity will fall into one of the aforementioned categories (i to iii) depending on whether the group has control over that structured entity.
2.2 Foreign currency translation
(i) Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The consolidated financial statements are presented in South African Rand, which is the group’s presentation currency.
References to “A$” refers to Australian currency, “R” to South African currency, “$” or “US$” to United States currency and “K” or “kina” to Papua New Guinean currency.
(ii) Transactions and balances
Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of foreign currency transactions and from the translation to year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement. This includes the gains and losses on the translation of the US$-denominated facilities
(iii) Group companies
The results and financial position of all group entities (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:
•Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet while equity items are translated at historic rates;
•Income and expenses for each income statement are translated at average exchange rates (the rate on the date of the transaction is used if the average is not a reasonable rate for the translation of the transaction);
•All resulting exchange differences are recognised as a separate component of other comprehensive income.
On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign operations, and of borrowings and other currency instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are taken to other comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is sold or control is otherwise lost, exchange differences that were recorded in other comprehensive income are recognised in profit or loss in the period of the disposal or change in control. Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the closing rate.
2.3 Derivatives and hedging activities
Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The accounting for subsequent changes in fair value depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged.
The difference between the fair value of the derivative at initial recognition and expected forward transaction price is deferred and recognised as a day one gain or loss. The day one gain or loss is amortised over the derivative contract period and recognised in profit or loss in gains/losses on derivatives.
The full fair value of a derivative is classified as a non-current asset or liability when the remaining maturity is more than 12 months; it is classified as a current asset or liability when the remaining maturity is less than 12 months.
(i) Cash flow hedge
The group designates certain derivatives as hedges of a particular risk associated with the cash flows of highly probable forecast transactions (cash flow hedges). At inception of the hedge relationship, the group documents the economic relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items including whether changes in the cash flows of the hedging instruments are expected to offset changes in the cash flows of hedged items. The group documents its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking its hedge transactions.
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in reserves in equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in profit or loss within gains/losses on derivatives.
Amounts accumulated in equity are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods when the forecast sale that is hedged takes place and affects profit or loss. The gain or loss relating to the effective portion of the Rand and US$ gold forward sales contracts is recognised in profit or loss within revenue.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued
Group accounting policies continued
2.3 Derivatives and hedging activities continued
(i) Cash flow hedge continued
When a hedging instrument expires or is sold or terminated, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction that was hedged is ultimately recognised in profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in equity is immediately reclassified to profit or loss.
(ii) Derivatives not designated for hedge accounting purposes
Certain derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value as well as gains and losses on expiry, disposal or termination of any derivative instrument that does not qualify for hedge accounting are recognised immediately in profit or loss and are included in gains/losses on derivatives.
2.4 Exploration expenditure
The group has elected to expense all exploration and evaluation expenditures until it is concluded that the project is technically feasible and commercially viable, and that future economic benefits are therefore probable. The information used to make that determination depends on the level of exploration as well as the degree of confidence in the ore body as set out below.
Exploration and evaluation expenditure on greenfield sites, being those where the group does not have any mineral deposits which are already being mined or developed, is expensed as incurred until the technical and commercial viability of the project has been demonstrated usually through the completion of a final feasibility study. However, in certain instances, the technical and commercial viability of the deposit may be demonstrated at an earlier stage, for example where an extended feasibility study is conducted and the underlying feasibility study in respect of specific components of the mineral deposit has advanced to such a stage that significant commercially viable reserves has been established, and the other criteria for the recognition of an asset have been met. At this point the expenditure is capitalised as mine development cost to the extent that future economic benefits are expected.
Exploration and evaluation expenditure on brownfield sites, being those adjacent to mineral deposits which are already being mined or developed, is expensed as incurred until the group is able to demonstrate that future economic benefits are probable through the completion of a feasibility study, after which the expenditure is capitalised as mine development cost to the extent that future economic benefits are expected. A ‘feasibility study’ consists of a comprehensive study of the viability of a mineral project that has advanced to a stage where the mining method has been established, and which, if an effective method of mineral processing has been determined, includes a financial analysis based on reasonable assumptions of technical, engineering, operating economic factors and the evaluation of other relevant factors. The feasibility study, when combined with existing knowledge of the mineral property that is adjacent to mineral deposits that are already being mined or developed, allows the group to conclude that the project is technically feasible and commercially viable.
Exploration and evaluation expenditure relating to extensions of mineral deposits which are already being mined or developed, including expenditure on the definition of mineralisation of such mineral deposits, is capitalised as a mine development cost following the completion of an economic evaluation equivalent to a feasibility study. This economic evaluation is distinguished from a feasibility study in that some of the information that would normally be determined in a feasibility study is instead obtained from the existing mine or development. This information, when combined with existing knowledge of the mineral property already being mined or developed, allows the directors to conclude that the project is technically feasible and commercially viable.
2.5 Impairment of non-financial assets
Assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation or depreciation and are tested annually for impairment or when there is an indication of impairment.
Assets that are subject to amortisation are reviewed annually on 30 June for impairment or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
An impairment loss is recognised in the income statement for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash generating unit or CGU). Each operating shaft, along with allocated common assets such as plants and administrative offices, is considered to be a cash generating unit as each shaft is largely independent from the cash flows of other shafts and assets belonging to the group.
Fair value less cost to sell is generally determined by using discounted estimated after-tax future cash flows. Future cash flows are estimated based on quantities of recoverable minerals, expected commodity prices (considering current and historical prices, price trends and related factors), production levels and cash costs of production, all based on life-of-mine (LoM) plans. Future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a post-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risk specific to the asset. Refer to note 15 for detail.
The term “recoverable minerals” refers to the estimated amount of gold that will be obtained from reserves and resources and all related exploration stage mineral interests (except for other mine-related exploration potential and greenfields exploration potential discussed separately below) after taking into account losses during ore processing and treatment. Estimates of recoverable minerals from such related exploration stage mineral interests will be risk adjusted based on management’s relative confidence in such materials.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued
Group accounting policies continued
2.5 Impairment of non-financial assets continued
In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of cash flows from other asset groups. Except for other mine-related exploration potential and greenfields exploration potential, estimates of future undiscounted cash flows are included on an area of interest basis, which generally represents an individual operating mine, even if the mines are included in a larger mine complex.
In the case of mineral interests associated with other mine-related exploration potential and greenfields exploration potential, cash flows and fair values are individually evaluated based primarily on recent exploration results and recent transactions involving sales of similar properties, if any. Assumptions underlying future cash flow estimates are subject to significant risks and uncertainties.
Impairment losses on goodwill are recognised immediately in the income statement and are not reversed. The impairment testing is performed annually on 30 June or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that it may be impaired.
Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed annually for possible reversal of the impairment at 30 June. Reversal of impairments is also considered when there is objective evidence to indicate that the asset is no longer impaired. Where an impairment subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset or CGU is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but not higher than the carrying value that would have been determined had no impairment been recognised in prior years.
2.6 Operating profit
The group defines operating profit as the profit earned from the normal core mining operations. In reporting operating profit in the income statement, transactions for capital transactions involving subsidiaries, joint arrangements and associates are excluded from operating profit as these are not considered to be part of the mining operations of the Harmony group. Any gains or losses on capital transactions are presented below the operating profit line.
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the group’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as well as disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Refer to the specific notes below for further information on the key accounting estimates and assumptions applied.
•Estimate of taxation – note 12;
•Recognition of deferred tax asset – note 12;
•Valuation of cash generating units acquired - note 14;
•Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired - note 14;
•Streaming contract liability - note 14 and 31;
•Estimate of deferred tax rates on acquisition date - note 14;
•Gold mineral reserves and resources – note 15;
•Production start date – note 15;
•Stripping activities – note 15;
•Impairment of assets – note 15;
•Depreciation of property plant and equipment – note 15;
•Exploration and evaluation assets – note 15;
•Impairment of goodwill – note 16;
•Valuation of interest in associate – note 21;
•Provision for stock obsolescence - note 23;
•Estimate of exposure and liabilities with regard to rehabilitation costs – note 26;
•Estimate of provision for silicosis settlement – note 27;
•Estimate of employee benefit liabilities – note 27;
•Leases - note 28;
•Valuation of contingent consideration liability - note 29;
•Fair value of share-based payments – note 36;
•Assessment of contingencies – note 38; and
•Valuation of derivative financial instruments – note 39.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
4 COVID-19 IMPACT
South Africa
The national lockdown that began on 27 March 2020 to curb the spread of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) and allow the country time in which to prepare for the demands the pandemic would have on its health care system is still in place. Harmony continues with the risk assessment-based Covid-19 prevention strategy which was rolled out across all of its operations before the lockdown was announced. This approach has allowed management to identify, evaluate and rank the hazards associated with any exposures to Covid-19 and potential infections. It has allowed the company to reduce or eliminate the probability of an employee contracting Covid-19 and to limit the severity should an employee be infected.
Harmony’s Covid-19 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) has been adopted and rolled out, ensuring a safe return to work and work environment for each of its employees. The SOP was informed by guidelines provided by the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy, the National Council for Infectious Diseases and the World Health Organisation.
All requisite staffing, facilities and equipment are in place to ensure continuous rigorous screening of employees at work, as well as isolate or quarantine employees infected by or exposed to Covid-19, with subsequent testing and treatment. Management adapt the approach continuously as more information becomes available and new best practices evolve.
Papua New Guinea
Harmony’s Hidden Valley mine in Papua New Guinea has continued to operate during the Covid-19 State of Emergency declared in the country. However restrictions on international travel and the implementation of strict Covid-19 control protocols required longer employee rosters, including rostered days off on site to manage fatigue, which has negatively impacted productivity. Work is being done to mitigate this impact. The delivery of essential supplies to the mine has continued, with strict isolation control measures in place. All non-essential staff have been temporarily removed from site and certain activities and expenditures have been curtailed to focus on safe, profitable operations during the pandemic. Protocols were adopted to allow the safe movement of personnel to and from site.
Vaccines
The roll-out of vaccine programmes globally since November 2020, despite the subsequent discovery of several mutations, or variants, is seen as a positive move to prevent severe disease and hospitalisation. Harmony has four accredited mass vaccination sites in South Africa and three in Papua New Guinea, with plans to accredit six more sites in South Africa. Harmony expects to at least partially vaccinate 80% of its employees that are willing to be vaccinated by October 2021 and can then assist with the vaccination of employees' families and the communities in which we operate.
Financial risk management
The effects of Covid-19 and other macro developments have increased financial risks such as exchange rate, interest rate and commodity price volatility, while also impacting on liquidity and credit risk. Management has put various measures in place to mitigate and/or manage the risks and continues monitoring the situation closely. Refer to note 39 for additional detail.
Market impact
Exchange rates
Due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, during the 2020 financial year the Rand weakened significantly against the US dollar and the Australian dollar, closing at R17.32/US$1 and R11.96/A$1 on 30 June 2020. During the 2021 year, the Rand strengthened against the two currencies, closing at R14.27/US$1 and R10.72/A$1 on 30 June 2021. In addition, the Papua New Guinea Kina weakened against the Australian dollar from PGK2.38/A$1 at 30 June 2020 to PGK2.63/A$1 at 30 June 2021. These movements in the currencies expose the group's operations to foreign currency gains and losses on foreign-denominated receivables and liabilities, including derivatives, and also impact the group’s translation of its International operating results and net assets into its Rand presentation currency, which resulted in a foreign exchange translation gain of R1.2 billion for the 2020 year, while a foreign translation loss of R1.2 billion was recognised for the 2021 year. In addition, a net foreign exchange translation gain of R670 million (R892 million net loss in FY20) was recognised in profit or loss for the 2021 year, primarily on the US$ borrowings.
Commodity prices
Gold prices have rallied to all-time highs during the 2020 and 2021 years following the global economic fallout of Covid-19 and ongoing geopolitical uncertainty supporting its safe haven status with investors. The price of gold in US$ terms closed at US$1 770/oz on 30 June 2021, relatively unchanged from the price of US$1 781/oz on 30 June 2020. However, spot gold prices have traded in a range of between US$1 681/oz and US$2 063/oz (FY20: US$1 384/oz and US$1 781/oz) during the year, which was driven by factors such as the announcement of the successful developments of vaccines as well as the various waves of the Covid-19 infections being experienced globally.
Interest rates
The United States of America (US) as well as South African market interest rates remain stable at the recent low levels and are expected to remain low for some time to come, as economies all over the world are still impacted by the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Since the US Federal Reserve dropped the Fed Funds rate to a maximum of 0.25% in March 2020, there have been no changes to the rate. Similarly in South Africa, the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) has kept the repo rate at a low of 3.50% since reducing it to that level on 23 July 2020. In 2020 the SARB lowered the repo rate by 2.75% from 6.50% to 3.75%. Management's expectation is for interest rates to remain low as inflation is well within the target band.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
4 COVID-19 IMPACT continued
Impact on production
During the initial phase of the South African national lockdown, the underground operations were placed on care and maintenance and employees returned to their homes across the country and in other SADC countries. On 1 May 2020, the underground operations were granted concessions to start producing at a maximum capacity of 50% and as of 1 June 2020, operational restrictions were lifted further to allow the mining industry to operate at 100% of its labour capacity. By 1 September 2020, Harmony had completed the recall of all operational employees.
Management continuously monitors the crew availability and adapts the production models accordingly. The December break was shortened to allow for a catch-up on development which had been delayed during Level 4 & 5 of the national lockdown. It also allowed for extra production days.
Due to the protocols put in place to deal with an employee who has potentially been exposed to the virus, the disruption to production has been minimal. The reduction of the quarantine time from 14 to 10 days has also seen a quicker return after a potential exposure. The use of the rapid antigen test during the January 2021 return-to-work process significantly improved the process as employees could be cleared for work within an hour of testing. Those with a positive test were immediately isolated for further case management.
Impact on critical estimates and judgements
The group considered the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on each of its significant accounting estimates and judgements as at 30 June 2021, some which relate to the key assumptions for the calculation of the mining assets' recoverable amounts. The increase in the US$ gold price impacted the short- and medium-term views in the forecasts management received from various institutions in order to determine the assumptions for impairment testing. Refer to note 15 for further details on the assumptions used in the impairment test.
With the fair value exercise that is required for the acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets, management made certain assumptions and estimates required in the process as at 1 October 2020. These assumptions were affected by the market volatility at the time. Refer to note 14 for further detail.
5 REVENUE
Accounting policy
Revenue from metal sales include the sale of gold, silver and uranium. Revenue from metal sales is recognised when the group satisfies its performance obligations under its contract with the customer, by transferring such metals to the customer's control. Transfer of control is generally determined to be when the risk and title to the metals passes to the customer. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with the customer and is driven by the quoted market prices of the metals.
The effective portion of gains or losses on the derivatives designated as cash flow hedging items (forecast sales transactions) are recognised in revenue when the forecast sales transactions occur. See the accounting policy for derivatives and hedging activities in note 2.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Revenue from contracts with customers | 43 632 | | 30 642 | | 26 459 | |
| Gold | 42 597 | | 29 704 | | 25 693 | |
| Silver1 | 857 | | 839 | | 589 | |
| Uranium1 | 178 | | 99 | | 177 | |
| Consideration from streaming contract2 | 397 | | — | | — | |
| Hedging gain/(loss)3 | (2 296) | | (1 397) | | 453 | |
| Total revenue4 | 41 733 | | 29 245 | | 26 912 | |
1 Silver is derived from the Hidden Valley mine in Papua New Guinea. Uranium is derived from the Moab Khotsong operation.
2 Relates to the recognition of non-cash consideration recognised as part of revenue for the streaming arrangement. Refer to note 31 for further information.
3 Relates to the realised effective portion of the hedge-accounted gold derivatives. Refer to note 19 for further information.
4 A geographical analysis of revenue is provided in the segment report.
The points of transfer of control are as follows:
| | | | | | |
| •Gold: South Africa (excluding streaming contract) | Gold is delivered and a certificate of sale is issued. |
| •Gold and silver: Hidden Valley | Metal is collected from Hidden Valley and a confirmation of collection is sent to and accepted by the customer. |
| •Uranium | Confirmation of transfer is issued. |
| •Streaming contract | Gold is delivered and credited into the Franco-Nevada designated gold account. |
| | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
5 REVENUE continued
The increase in gold revenue during the 2021 financial year is mainly due to the acquisition of the Mponeng operations and related assets and a higher gold price. The acquired operations contributed R7.5 billion in revenue during the period. In addition, the average gold price received increased by 16% to R851 045/kg from R735 569/kg in the year ended 30 June 2020. Silver produced decreased by 31% to 67 295 kg from 97 332 kg in the prior year, however the average silver price increased by 49% to R12 602/kg from R8 485/kg in 2020. Uranium produced increased by 10% to 150 778 kg from 137 298 kg in the prior year and the average uranium price increased by 15% to R1 010/kg from R875/kg in 2020.
The increase in gold and silver revenue for 2020 was mainly due to the higher commodity prices. The increase in gold revenue was offset by the decrease in production of 15% from 44 734 kg in the 2019 to 37 863 kg in the 2020 financial year. Silver produced increased by 11% to 97 332 kg in 2020 from 87 325 kg in the 2019 financial year. The decrease in uranium revenue during 2020 was due to lower sales volumes as a result of the South African nationwide lockdown that took place due to Covid-19.
Below are the average commodity prices received for the financial years:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Gold1 | | | |
| – US$ per ounce (US$/oz) | 1 719 | | 1 461 | | 1 287 | |
| – Rand per kilogram (R/kg) | 851 045 | | 735 569 | | 586 653 | |
| Silver | | | |
| – US$ per ounce (US$/oz) | 25.45 | 16.85 | 15.00 |
| – Rand per kilogram (R/kg) | 12 602 | | 8 485 | | 6 837 | |
| Uranium | | | |
| – US$ per pound (US$/lb) | 29.76 | 25.34 | 26.23 |
| – Rand per kilogram (R/kg) | 1 010 | | 875 | | 820 | |
| | | | |
1 The gold price includes the realised effective portion of the hedge-accounted gold derivatives.
6 COST OF SALES
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| | | | |
| Production costs (a) | 29 774 | | 22 048 | | 20 324 | |
| Amortisation and depreciation of mining assets (b) | 3 777 | | 3 409 | | 3 961 | |
| Amortisation and depreciation of assets other than mining assets (b) | 98 | | 99 | | 93 | |
| Rehabilitation expenditure (c) | 135 | | 47 | | 33 | |
| Care and maintenance costs of restructured shafts | 144 | | 146 | | 134 | |
| Employment termination and restructuring costs (d) | 332 | | 40 | | 242 | |
| Share-based payments (e) | 114 | | 130 | | 155 | |
| Impairment of assets (f) | 1 124 | | — | | 3 898 | |
| Other | (9) | | (11) | | 29 | |
| Total cost of sales | 35 489 | | 25 908 | | 28 869 | |
(a) Production costs include mine production, transport and refinery costs, applicable general administrative costs, movement in inventories and ore stockpiles, ongoing environmental rehabilitation costs and transfers for stripping activities. Employee termination costs are included, except for employee termination costs associated with major restructuring and shaft closures, which are separately disclosed.
Production costs increased by R7 726 million (35% year on year) during the year ended 30 June 2021. These costs increased mainly as a result of the acquisition of the Mponeng operations and related assets, which contributed R5 230 million to the increase. The remaining increase is mainly attributable to higher utilities and labour costs as a result of annual increases. Also contributing is the royalty expense which increased due to increased profitability as a result of the higher gold prices, which also impacted on the rates at which royalties are calculated.
Production costs increased during the 2020 year mainly in line with expectations, with the South African national lockdown from the end of March 2020 due to Covid-19 impacting on production volumes while the cost base remained mostly unchanged. Contributing to the increase for the 2020 year is a decrease of R557 million in the capitalised stripping credit related to the Hidden Valley operation.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
6 COST OF SALES continued
(a) Production costs continued
Production costs, analysed by nature, consist of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| | | | |
| Labour costs, including contractors | 17 585 | | 13 004 | | 12 715 | |
| Consumables | 7 218 | | 5 441 | | 5 532 | |
| Water and electricity | 5 138 | | 3 664 | | 3 398 | |
| Insurance | 208 | | 154 | | 126 | |
| Transportation | 177 | | 377 | | 354 | |
| Change in inventory | 69 | | (70) | | (166) | |
| Capitalisation of mine development costs | (2 117) | | (1 485) | | (1 880) | |
| Stripping activities | (1 047) | | (675) | | (1 197) | |
| Royalty expense | 637 | | 327 | | 193 | |
| Other | 1 906 | | 1 311 | | 1 249 | |
| Total production costs | 29 774 | | 22 048 | | 20 324 | |
(b) The increase for the 2021 year is as a result of the operations running for the entire year with no lockdown while the charge for 2020 was impacted by lower production due to the closure of underground operations as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The inclusion of the Mponeng operations and related assets in the asset base also contributes to the increase year on year.
In addition to the Covid-19 impact during the 2020 financial year, the depreciation expense was also affected by the completion of the mining of Stage 5 at Hidden Valley during the December 2019 quarter, which also contributed to the decrease. The impairments recognised on certain operations in South Africa during the 2019 year significantly impacted on the base which depreciation is calculated on and the lower carrying values contributed to the lower total compared to the comparative period.
Amortisation and depreciation of assets other than mining assets includes the amortisation of intangible assets.
(c) For the assumptions used to calculate the rehabilitation costs, refer to note 26. This expense includes the change in estimate for the rehabilitation provision where an asset no longer exists as well as costs related to the rehabilitation process. For 2021, R15 million (2020: R47 million) (2019: R86 million) was spent on rehabilitation in South Africa. Refer to note 26. The acquisition of the Mponeng operations and related assets resulted in Harmony taking on the rehabilitation liability for these operations resulting in a R80 million increase in the rehabilitation provision expense for the year ended June 2021 as compared to June 2020.
(d) The increase in 2021 is due to a new programme for voluntary and medical severance packages offered to employees, partially related to the closure of Unisel. The employment termination and restructuring expenditure for 2020 and 2019 relates to the voluntary severance programme in place to reduce labour costs.
(e) Refer to note 36 for details on the share-based payment schemes implemented by the group.
(f) Management performed an assessment for impairment triggers as well as indications of reversal of previously recorded impairment losses at 30 June 2021. Due to the group net asset value (before any impairments being recognised or the finalisation of the fair value exercise on the acquisition of the Mponeng operations and related assets) exceeding the market capitalisation of Harmony as at 30 June 2021, the recoverable amounts for all cash-generating units (CGUs) were calculated. The recoverable amounts for these assets were determined on a fair value less cost to sell basis using assumptions per note 15 in the discounted cash flow models and attributable resource values. These are fair value measurements classified as level 3. Based on the impairment tests performed, impairments were recorded on certain operations for the 2021 year.
Where CGUs had previously been impaired, management considered whether the impairment loss (or the contributors to the previously recognised impairment loss) no longer exists or might have decreased. Management considered general and specific factors for each CGU and concluded that although overall the gold price had improved from the time that the impairment losses had been recognised, the specific circumstances that led to the original impairments had not reversed. Furthermore, the service potential of the asset has not increased. Due to the continued volatility seen in the gold prices as well as the exchange rates, coupled with the fact that the factors resulting in the previously recognised impairment losses had not reversed, as well as the market capitalisation issue noted above, management resolved it to be appropriate for no reversal of previously recognised impairment losses to be recorded for the year ended 30 June 2021. There also was no reversal of impairment for the 2020 or 2019 financial years.
Refer to note 15 for further information.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
6 COST OF SALES continued
(f) Impairment of assets continued
The impairment of assets consists of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Tshepong Operations | 759 | | — | | 2 254 | |
| Bambanani | 187 | | — | | 6 | |
| Target 3 | 178 | | — | | 318 | |
| Kusasalethu | — | | — | | 690 | |
| Target 1 | — | | — | | 312 | |
| Joel | — | | — | | 198 | |
| Other mining assets | — | | — | | 120 | |
| Total impairment of assets | 1 124 | | — | | 3 898 | |
The recoverable amounts of the CGUs where impairments were recognised as at 30 June 2021 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| | Recoverable amount |
| Figures in million | Life-of-mine plan | Resource
base | Total |
| Tshepong Operations | | | |
| The updated life-of-mine plan included a reduction in planned gold resulting from lower grade. There was also a change in the mining profile in the revised life-of-mine plan, which impacted on the timing of cash flows, which were then later than in comparison to the prior year plan. These changes affected the discounted cash flows used to determine the recoverable amount of the operation. | 4 847 | | 936 | | 5 783 | |
| Bambanani | | | |
| The impairment of goodwill on Bambanani was mainly as a result of a reduction in grade over the remainder of the operation's life. The reduction in grade is due to unexpected changes in the orebody and a lower mine call factor. | 341 | | — | | 341 | |
| Target 3 | | | |
| Previous plans to explore the sale of the operation have been abandoned and further development is not a viable option at this stage. Therefore management has determined a recoverable amount of Rnil. | None | — | | — | |
During the financial year ended 30 June 2020 no impairments were recognised.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
6 COST OF SALES continued
(f) Impairment of assets continued
The recoverable amounts of the CGUs where impairments were recognised as at 30 June 2019 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| | Recoverable amount |
| Figures in million | Life-of-mine plan | Resource
base | Total |
| Tshepong Operations | | | |
| The impairment was due to the increased costs to exploit the resource base as well as a lower expected recovered grade. The decrease in the recovery grade is as a result of the change in the dilution factors applied to the outside life of mine resources. | 3 811 | | 2 055 | | 5 866 | |
| Kusasalethu | | | |
| The decrease in grade and increased estimated costs in the resource base resulted in a lower recoverable amount. The decrease in the recovery grade is as a result of the change in the dilution factors applied to the outside life of mine resources. | 1 297 | | — | | 1 297 | |
| Target 1 | | | |
| The recoverable amount decreased as a result of increased costs and decrease in grade in the resource base together with the estimated impact of carbon tax. The increase in discount rate due to increased risk factors also negatively impacted on the recoverable amount. | 467 | | 609 | | 1 076 | |
| Target 3 | | | |
| The operation remained under care and maintenance. A change in valuation method from discounted cash flow model to resource multiple approach reduced the recoverable amount. | None | 182 | | 182 | |
| Joel | | | |
| The increased capital costs in the resource base together with carbon tax negatively impacted the net present value of expected cash flows. | 765 | | 87 | | 852 | |
| Other mining assets | | | |
| The updated life-of-mine plans for the CGUs in Freegold and Avgold resulted in the impairment of other mining assets owned by the companies. | 335 | | None | 335 | |
| Bambanani | | | |
| The impairment of goodwill reduced the carrying amount of intangible assets. As goodwill is not depreciated, it resulted in an impairment as the life of the operation shortens. | 763 | | None | 763 | |
7 CORPORATE, ADMINISTRATION AND OTHER EXPENDITURE
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Professional and legal fees | 52 | | 45 | | 54 | |
| Compliance and assurance costs | 51 | | 39 | | 46 | |
| | | | |
| Corporate business development (a) | 221 | | 19 | | 19 | |
| Corporate office expenditure (b) | 707 | | 486 | | 611 | |
| | | | |
| Other corporate and administration expenses | 37 | | 22 | | 1 | |
| Total corporate, administration and other expenditure | 1 068 | | 611 | | 731 | |
(a) The increase in corporate business development is largely attributable to the integration costs of R205 million (2020: R4 million) related to the acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets. Refer to note 14 for further detail.
(b) The increase in corporate office expenditure in 2021 is mainly due to the increase in remuneration costs and employee incentive payments from a reduced base in the 2020 financial year following the group-wide pay cuts in response to the Covid-19 pandemic.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
8 FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSLATION GAIN/(LOSS)
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Borrowings (a) | 894 | | (970) | | (99) | |
| Other items (b) | (224) | | 78 | | 13 | |
| Total foreign exchange translation gain/(loss) | 670 | | (892) | | (86) | |
(a)The gain in 2021 is predominantly caused by favourable translations on US dollar loan balances. The favourable translations on US dollar loans are attributable to the Rand strengthening against the US dollar evidenced by an improved average and closing exchange rate of R15.40/US$1 (2020: R15.66/US$1) (2019: R14.18/US$1) and R14.27/US$1 (2020: R17.32/US$1) (2019: R14.13/US$1) respectively.
(b)This relates mainly to the translation of metal trade receivables and cash from a foreign currency to the functional currencies of the operating entities.
9 OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 |
2020 |
2019 |
| Social investment expenditure | 126 | | 143 | | 155 | |
| Loss on scrapping of property, plant and equipment (a) | 161 | | 62 | | 21 | |
| Silicosis settlement provision/(reversal of provision) (b) | 80 | | 36 | | (62) | |
| Loss allowance | 47 | | 63 | | 7 | |
| Remeasurement of contingent consideration (c) | (127) | | — | | — | |
| Other (income)/expense – net | (46) | | 5 | | (21) | |
| Total other operating expenses | 241 | | 309 | | 100 | |
(a) These losses arise from the derecognition of property, plant and equipment that is no longer in use. No future economic benefits are expected from the use or disposal of these assets. Refer to note 15 for further detail on the accounting policy as well as the amounts per asset category.
(b) Refer to note 27 for details on the movement in the silicosis settlement provision.
(c) Refer to note 29 for details on the remeasurement of the contingent consideration.
10 INVESTMENT INCOME
Accounting policy
Interest income is recognised on the effective interest method, taking into account the principal outstanding and the effective rate over the period to maturity, when it is determined that such income will accrue to the group. Dividend income is recognised when the shareholder's right to receive payment is established. This is recognised at the last date of registration.
Cash flows from interest and dividends received are classified under operating activities in the cash flow statement.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Interest income from financial assets at amortised cost | 265 | | 257 | | 244 | |
| Dividend income1 | 23 | | — | | — | |
| Net gain on financial instruments2 | 43 | | 118 | | 64 | |
| Total investment income | 331 | | 375 | | 308 | |
1 Comprises of R18 million received from Rand Mutual Assurance and R5 million received from equity investments held by environmental trusts (refer to note 17).
2 Primarily relates to the environmental trust funds and the Social Trust Fund (refer to note 17) and also includes the fair value movement of the ARM BBEE Trust loan (refer to note 18). The gains for the 2021 year were offset by a day 1 expense of R87 million on the refinancing of the ARM BBEE Trust loan in June 2021.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
11 FINANCE COSTS
Accounting policy
Borrowing costs are capitalised to the extent that they are directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of qualifying assets. Qualifying assets are assets that take a substantial time to get ready for their intended use. These costs are capitalised until the asset moves into the production phase. Other borrowing costs are expensed. The foreign exchange translation loss is included in the borrowing cost calculation to the extent that it is considered to be a part of interest. In a year where a foreign exchange gain is recognised on the borrowings’ translation, the potential impact thereof on the rate as well as the borrowing costs is disregarded.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Financial liabilities | | | |
| Borrowings | 228 | | 424 | | 402 | |
| Other creditors and liabilities | 14 | | 9 | | 2 | |
| Total finance costs from financial liabilities | 242 | | 433 | | 404 | |
| Non-financial liabilities | | | |
| | | | |
| Time value of money for other provisions | 74 | | 88 | | 96 | |
| Streaming arrangements | 71 | | — | | — | |
| Time value of money and inflation component of rehabilitation costs | 296 | | 194 | | 208 | |
| Total finance costs from non-financial liabilities | 441 | | 282 | | 304 | |
| Total finance costs before interest capitalised | 683 | | 715 | | 708 | |
| Interest capitalised (a) | (22) | | (54) | | (133) | |
| Total finance costs | 661 | | 661 | | 575 | |
(a)The capitalisation rate used to determine capitalised borrowing costs is:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Capitalisation rate (%) | 3.8 | | 9.4 | | 10.4 | |
The decrease in the capitalisation rate for 2021 is due to the exclusion of the foreign exchange gain for the year. This impacted on the interest capitalised. The decrease in the borrowing costs capitalised in 2020 compared to 2019 is due to Joel's decline project reaching commercial levels of production as well as the cessation of capitalising borrowing costs for Wafi-Golpu. For Joel, the capitalisation of borrowing costs ceased and depreciation commenced as of 1 January 2020.
12 TAXATION
Accounting policy
Taxation is made up of current and deferred taxation. The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the group operates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.
Deferred taxation is recognised on temporary differences existing at each reporting date between the tax base of all assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts. Substantively enacted tax rates are used to determine future anticipated effective tax rates which in turn are used in the determination of deferred taxation, except to the extent that deferred tax arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and does not affect the accounting or taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction. Deferred tax is charged to profit or loss, except where the tax relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity in which case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. The effect on deferred tax of any changes in tax rates is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items previously charged or credited directly to equity.
The principal temporary differences arise from amortisation and depreciation on property, plant and equipment, provisions, unutilised tax losses, unutilised capital allowances carried forward and unrealised gains and losses on the gold forward sale contracts. Deferred tax assets relating to the carry forward of unutilised tax losses and unutilised capital allowances are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unutilised tax losses and unutilised capital allowances can be utilised. The recoverability of these assets is reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if recovery is no longer probable.
Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
12 TAXATION continued
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
The group is subject to income tax in several jurisdictions. Significant judgement is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes due to the complexity of legislation. There are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. Where the final tax outcome is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled. When different tax rates apply to different levels of taxable income, deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the average tax rates that are expected to apply to the taxable profit (tax loss) of the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. At the group’s South African operations, such average tax rates are directly impacted by the profitability of the relevant mine. The deferred tax rate is therefore based on the current estimate of future profitability of an operation when temporary differences will reverse, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted at the balance sheet date. The future profitability of each mine, in turn, is determined by reference to the life-of-mine (LoM) plan for that operation. The LoM plan is influenced by factors as disclosed in note 15, which may differ from one year to the next and normally result in the deferred tax rate changing from one year to the next.
Management has to exercise judgement with regard to deferred tax assets. Where it is not probable that future taxable income may flow against which these assets can be offset, the deferred tax assets are not recognised.
The taxation (expense)/credit for the year is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| SA taxation | | | |
| Mining tax (a) | (464) | | (56) | | (19) | |
| – current year | (467) | | (61) | | (14) | |
| – prior year | 3 | | 5 | | (5) | |
| Non-mining tax (b) | (80) | | (2) | | (124) | |
| – current year | (81) | | (2) | | (121) | |
| – prior year | 1 | | — | | (3) | |
| Deferred tax (c) | (714) | | (197) | | 282 | |
| – current year | (714) | | (197) | | 282 | |
| | | | |
| Total taxation (expense)/credit | (1 258) | | (255) | | 139 | |
(a) Mining tax on gold mining taxable income in South Africa is determined according to a formula, based on the taxable income from mining operations. 5% of total revenue is exempt from taxation while the remainder is taxable at a higher rate (up to a maximum of 34%) than non-mining income (28%) as a result of applying the gold mining formula. Mining and non-mining income of Australian entities and PNG operation are taxed at a standard rate of 30%.
All qualifying mining capital expenditure is deducted from taxable mining income to the extent that it does not result in an assessed loss. Accounting depreciation is eliminated when calculating the South African mining tax income. Excess capital expenditure is carried forward as unredeemed capital to be claimed from future mining taxable income. The group has several tax paying entities in South Africa. In terms of the mining ring-fencing application, each ring-fenced mine is treated separately and deductions can normally only be utilised against mining income generated from the relevant ring-fenced mine.
The movement in foreign exchange translation from losses in the prior year to gains in the current year as well as higher mining taxable income due to the increase of revenue resulted in the increase in the current tax expense during the 2021 year. This was also impacted by certain companies within the group using their unredeemed capital allowances as well as assessed losses.
(b) Non-mining taxable income of mining companies and the taxable income for non-mining companies are taxed at the statutory corporate rate of 28%.The expense for the 2021 and 2019 relates to non-mining tax arising from derivative gains (realised and unrealised) recognised on the foreign currency derivatives as well as the realised gains on the commodity forward sale contracts. During 2020, the losses on the derivative contracts resulted in non-mining tax losses. See discussion on deferred tax below. Refer to note 19 for details on the group's derivative gains and losses recorded.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
12 TAXATION continued
(c) The deferred tax rate used to calculate deferred tax is based on the current estimate of future profitability when temporary differences will reverse based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted at the balance sheet date. Depending on the profitability of the operations, the deferred tax rate can consequently be significantly different from year to year.
Following the completion of the annual life-of-mine plans, management revised the weighted average deferred tax rates for all the South African operations. The higher gold price assumption used resulted in an increase in the estimated profitability and consequently higher rates than in the prior year for certain subsidiaries. Refer to note 15 for the assumptions used. These changes, together with changes in the temporary differences, had the following impacts:
•The change in rates on temporary differences at the individual company level, other than hedge accounted derivatives, resulted in an increase in the deferred tax expense and liability to the amount of R55 million.
•Unwinding of temporary differences related to unredeemed capital expenditure balance resulted in an increase of R301 million in the deferred tax expense.
•Unwinding of temporary differences related to the assessed loss balance resulted in an increase of R144 million in the deferred tax expense.
•The Rand strengthened during the year which had the effect of reducing the loss on the Rand gold contracts that matured during the 2021 financial year as well as positively impacting those that were outstanding at 30 June 2021. Refer to notes 19 and 39 for detail. The temporary differences related to the Rand gold derivatives changed from deductible temporary differences (i.e. resulting in a deferred tax asset) to taxable temporary differences (resulting in a deferred tax liability). Management assessed the rates at which the temporary differences are expected to reverse and revised the rate from the weighted average deferred tax rate to the non-mining tax rate of 28%. This accounts for R184 million of the deferred tax expense charged directly to other comprehensive income.
•As at 30 June 2020 a deferred tax asset was recognised in Harmony Gold Mining Company Limited (Harmony Company) and Randfontein Estates Limited (Randfontein Estates). Subsequently, the net deferred tax asset balance has decreased due to the utilisation of assessed losses, unredeemed capital expenditure and a decrease in the net derivative liability. Harmony Company's deferred tax asset balance reduced to R175 million while Randfontein Estates' deferred tax asset became a deferred tax liability. Furthermore, the newly acquired Chemwes (Pty) Limited (Chemwes Company) is in a net deferred tax asset position.
A deferred tax asset continues to be recognised for Harmony Company at 30 June 2021 as it is considered probable that sufficient future taxable profits will be available against which the remaining deductible temporary differences existing at the reporting date can be utilised. Management also believes there will be sufficient future taxable income from the operations owned by Chemwes Company and therefore the entire balance of R97 million was recognised at 30 June 2021.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
12 TAXATION continued
Income and mining tax rates
The tax rate remained unchanged for the 2019, 2020 and 2021 years.
Major items causing the group's income tax provision to differ from the South African mining statutory tax rate of 34% were:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Tax (expense)/credit on net profit/loss at the mining statutory tax rate | (2 170) | | 202 | | 934 | |
| Non-allowable deductions and non-taxable items | (153) | | (221) | | (241) | |
| Share-based payments | (49) | | (62) | | (70) | |
| Gain on bargain purchase | 102 | | — | | — | |
| Acquisition and integration costs | (75) | | — | | — | |
| Impairment of assets | (64) | | — | | (2) | |
| Exploration expenditure | — | | (55) | | (36) | |
| Finance costs | (50) | | (76) | | (68) | |
| Other | (17) | | (28) | | (65) | |
| Movement in temporary differences related to property, plant and equipment | 378 | | (355) | | (1 388) | |
| Movements in temporary differences related to other assets and liabilities | (465) | | (452) | | 98 | |
| Difference between effective mining tax rate and statutory mining rate on mining income | 145 | | 10 | | (175) | |
| Difference between non-mining tax rate and statutory mining rate on non-mining income | 17 | | — | | 19 | |
| Effect on temporary differences due to changes in effective tax rates1 | (55) | | (469) | | 83 | |
| Prior year adjustment | (4) | | 5 | | (8) | |
| Capital allowances2 | 860 | | 766 | | 684 | |
| Deferred tax asset not recognised3 | 189 | | 34 | | 133 | |
| Deferred tax asset previously not recognised now recorded4 | — | | 225 | | — | |
| Income and mining taxation (expense)/credit | (1 258) | | (255) | | 139 | |
| Effective income and mining tax rate (%) | 20 | | (43) | | 5 | |
1 This mainly relates to movements in the deferred tax rate related to Harmony (29.8% to 27.4%) (2020: 25.7% to 29.8%) (2019: 10.5% to 25.7%), Freegold (11.4% to 12.1%) (2020: 8.1% to 11.4%) (2019: 8.7% to 8.1%), Randfontein Estates Limited (Randfontein) (10.1% to 5.1%) (2020: 4.5% to 10.1%) (2019: 1.8% to 4.5%) and Moab (17.3% to 17.6%) (2020: 4.7% to 17.3%) (2019: 9.1% to 4.7%).
2 This relates to the additional capital allowance that may be deducted from taxable income from mining operations in South Africa. A significant portion relates to Avgold Limited (Avgold) which has a 0% effective tax rate.
3 This relates to tax losses and deductible temporary differences for which future taxable profits are uncertain and are not considered probable.
4 In 2020, the assessment on whether there would be future profits for Harmony Company as well as taxable temporary differences which the deductible temporary differences can be reversed against was performed. Management concluded that there would be and therefore the deferred tax asset not recognised in the 2019 year was recognised at 30 June 2020.
Deferred tax
The analysis of deferred tax assets and liabilities is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Deferred tax assets | (1 202) | | (1 803) | |
| Deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than 12 months | (522) | | (1 091) | |
| Deferred tax asset to be recovered within 12 months | (680) | | (712) | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | 3 108 | | 2 268 | |
| Deferred tax liability to be recovered after more than 12 months | 2 713 | | 2 034 | |
| Deferred tax liability to be recovered within 12 months | 395 | | 234 | |
| | | |
| Net deferred tax liability | 1 906 | | 465 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
12 TAXATION continued
Deferred tax continued
Deferred tax liabilities and assets on the balance sheet as of 30 June 2021 and 30 June 2020 relate to the following:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Gross deferred tax liabilities | 3 108 | | 2 268 | |
| Amortisation and depreciation | 2 807 | | 2 211 | |
| Derivative financial instruments | 276 | | — | |
| Other | 25 | | 57 | |
| Gross deferred tax assets | (1 202) | | (1 803) | |
| Unredeemed capital expenditure1 | (3 540) | | (4 923) | |
| Provisions, including non-current provisions | (1 157) | | (1 156) | |
| Contingent consideration liability | (47) | | — | |
| Streaming contract liability | (140) | | — | |
| Derivative financial instruments | — | | (505) | |
| Tax losses2 | (1 151) | | (1 718) | |
| Deferred tax asset not recognised3 | 4 833 | | 6 499 | |
| | | |
| Net deferred tax liability | 1 906 | | 465 | |
1 Unredeemed capital expenditure mainly consists of Hidden Valley R3 157 million (2020: R4 555 million).
2 The majority of the amount relates to Hidden Valley's tax losses of R1 089 million (2020: R1 327 million).
3 The majority of the deferred tax asset not recognised of R4 833 million relates to Harmony's PNG operations (2020: R6 499 million).
Movement in the net deferred tax liability recognised in the balance sheet is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 465 | | 687 | |
| Expense per income statement | 714 | | 197 | |
| Acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets | (55) | | — | |
| Tax directly charged to other comprehensive income | 782 | | (419) | |
| Balance at end of year | 1 906 | | 465 | |
| Deferred tax asset per balance sheet | (272) | | (531) | |
| Deferred tax liability per balance sheet | 2 178 | | 996 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| As at 30 June, the group had the following potential future tax deductions: | | |
| Unredeemed capital expenditure available for utilisation against future mining taxable income1 | 41 184 | | 43 395 | |
| Tax losses carried forward utilisable against mining taxable income2 | 5 746 | | 7 356 | |
| Capital Gains Tax (CGT) losses available to be utilised against future CGT gains4 | 570 | | 570 | |
| As at 30 June, the group has not recognised the following deferred tax asset amounts relating to the above: | 13 820 | | 14 618 | |
| The unrecognised temporary differences are: | | |
| Unredeemed capital expenditure3 | 37 667 | | 40 330 | |
| Tax losses2 | 4 832 | | 5 156 | |
| CGT losses4 | 570 | | 570 | |
1 Includes Avgold R24 161 million (2020: R21 483 million), Randfontein R1 268 million (2020: R2 261 million), Moab Khotsong R185 million (2020: R625 million) and Hidden Valley R13 506 million (2020: R18 847 million). These have an unlimited carry-forward period.
2 Relates mainly to Hidden Valley and the PNG exploration operations. These have an unlimited carry-forward period.
3 Relates to Avgold and Hidden Valley.
4 The CGT losses relate to the gross CGT losses available to be utilised against future CGT gains.
Dividend tax (DT)
The withholding tax on dividends remained unchanged at 20%.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
13 EARNINGS/(LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic earnings/(loss) per share
Basic earnings/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to shareholders by the weighted number of ordinary shares in issue during the year.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Ordinary shares in issue ('000) | 616 052 | | 603 143 | | 539 841 | |
| Adjustment for weighted number of ordinary shares in issue ('000) | (5 582) | | (61 306) | | (12 974) | |
| Weighted number of ordinary shares in issue ('000) | 610 470 | | 541 837 | | 526 867 | |
| Treasury shares ('000) | (6 184) | | (6 501) | | (3 058) | |
| Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue ('000) | 604 286 | | 535 336 | | 523 809 | |
| |
| | SA Rand |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Total net profit/(loss) attributable to shareholders (million) | 5 087 | | (878) | | (2 607) | |
| Total basic earnings/(loss) per share (cents) | 842 | | (164) | | (498) | |
Diluted earnings/(loss) per share
For diluted earnings/(loss) per share, the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue is adjusted to assume conversion of all potential dilutive ordinary shares as a result of share options granted to employees under the share option schemes in issue. A calculation is performed to determine the number of shares that could have been acquired at fair value, determined as the average annual market share price of the company's shares, based on the monetary value of the subscription rights attached to the outstanding share options. The number of shares calculated as above is compared with the number of shares that would have been issued assuming the exercise of the share options.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue ('000) | 604 286 | | 535 336 | | 523 809 | |
| Potential ordinary shares1 ('000) | 12 099 | | 11 858 | | 9 537 | |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares for diluted earnings per share1 ('000) | 616 385 | | 547 194 | | 533 346 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | SA Rand |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Total diluted earnings/(loss) per share (cents)2 | 825 | | (166) | | (500) | |
1 Due to the net loss attributable to shareholders in 2020 and 2019, the inclusion of the share options as potential ordinary shares had an anti-dilutive effect on the loss. The issue price and the exercise price of share options issued to employees include the fair value of any service to be supplied to the entity in the future under the share option or other share-based payment arrangement.
2 The dilution in 2020 and 2019 is as a result of the potential reduction in earnings attributable to equity holders of the parent company as a result of the exercise of the Tswelopele Beneficiation Operation (TBO) option. TBO contributed a profit and therefore the reduction in earnings attributable to Harmony would increase the loss and loss per share. Following the vesting of the option in December 2019, there has been no further impact.
Dividends
Accounting policy
Dividends declared are recognised in the period in which they are approved by the board of directors. Dividends are payable in South African Rand.
Cash flows from dividends paid are classified under financing activities in the cash flow statement.
•The board declared an interim ordinary dividend of 110 SA cents for the year ended 30 June 2021. R677 million was paid on 19 April 2021. No dividends were paid on ordinary shares by Harmony during the 2020 and 2019 financial years. In addition, dividend payments were made in 2021 and 2020 to the non-controlling interest holders in Tswelopele Beneficiation Operation of R7 million and R3 million, respectively.
•The board declared a final ordinary dividend of 27 SA cents for the year ended 30 June 2021, payable on 18 October 2021.
•Harmony declares an annual preference share dividend to the Harmony Gold Community Trust (the Trust). The board declared a preference dividend of R9 million and was paid to the Trust on 10 August 2021 (2020: R9 million on 6 August 2020).
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Dividend declared (millions) | 677 | | — | | — | |
| Dividend per share (cents) | 110 | | — | | — | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
14 ACQUISITIONS AND BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Acquisition of Anglogold Ashanti's remaining South African operations
On 12 February 2020, Harmony announced that it had reached an agreement with AGA to purchase the Mponeng operations and related assets. Harmony's primary goal with the acquisition is to improve the group's overall recovered grade and increase cash flow margins. The transaction includes the following assets and liabilities:
•The Mponeng, Tau Tona and Savuka mines and associated rock-dump and tailings storage facility reclamation sites, mine rehabilitation and closure activities located in the West Wits region and their associated assets and liabilities;
•Certain rock-dump reclamation, mine rehabilitation and closure activities located in the Vaal River region and their associated assets and liabilities (the VR Remaining assets);
•100% of the share capital of First Uranium (Pty) Limited which owns Mine Waste Solutions (Pty) Limited and Chemwes (Pty) Limited as well as associated tailings assets and liabilities (the FUSA Group); and
•100% of the share capital of Covalent Water Company (Pty) Limited (CWC), AGA Security Services (Pty) Limited and Masakhisane Investments (Pty) Limited.
The last condition precedent for the acquisition was fulfilled during September 2020, resulting in an acquisition date of 1 October 2020.
Cash generating units identified
Based on management's assessment the transaction meets the definition of a business combination as defined by IFRS 3. The following cash generating units (CGUs) were identified in the acquisition:
•the Mponeng business, consisting of the Mponeng, Tau Tona and Savuka mines, forming a single complex, and their associated assets and liabilities, including CWC;
•the West Wits closure business, consisting of the Savuka plant and associated rock-dump and tailings storage facility reclamation sites, mine rehabilitation and closure activities located in the West Wits region and the associated assets and liabilities;
•Mine Waste Solutions;
•the Vaal River closure business, consisting of certain rock-dump reclamation, mine rehabilitation and closure activities located in the Vaal River region and their associated assets and liabilities.
Consideration transferred
Consideration for the transaction amounted to a cash payment of R3.4 billion (US$200 million), paid on 30 September 2020, and contingent consideration subject to the following criteria:
•US$260 per ounce payable on all underground production from the Mponeng, Savuka and Tau Tona mines in excess of 250 000 ounces per year for six years commencing 1 January 2021; and
•US$20 per ounce payable on underground production from the Mponeng, Savuka and Tau Tona mines sourced from levels developed in the future below the current infrastructure.
As at 1 October 2020, the contingent consideration was valued at R544 million by using the discounted cash flows valuation method, discounted at a post-tax real rate of 10.6%. The fair value calculated for the contingent consideration is level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of unobservable inputs. The contingent consideration attributable to the below infrastructure ounces of gold was valued at Rnil at 1 October 2020. Refer to note 29 for subsequent measurement disclosure.
The amount disclosed in the cash flow statement for cash paid for the acquisition of the Mponeng operation and related assets is determined as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | Total |
| Cash consideration paid | 3 366 | |
| Cash acquired | (3) | |
| Net cash paid on 30 September 2020 | 3 363 | |
Acquisition and integration costs
The total of R124 million for acquisition costs for the year ended 30 June 2021 relates to various costs directly attributable to the acquisition process. These costs include attorney and advisory fees. There have also been costs incurred for the integration of the acquired assets into Harmony's existing structures and systems. These costs include project management and consultancy fees and software licensing costs required to interface with the Harmony systems. These costs amounted to R205 million (2020: R4 million) for the year ended 30 June 2021 and have been included in Corporate, administration and other expenditure.
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
Key assumptions for the valuation of the respective CGUs are the gold prices, marketable discount rates, exchange rates and life-of-mine plans. Due to the volatility associated with the potential upside driven by the higher gold prices in the short to medium term, management opted to adopt conservative gold price assumptions in order to accommodate for this, which is still in line with a market participant's view. Management has considered the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the valuations performed and made adjustments to the production and cost estimates for the respective CGUs.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
14 ACQUISITIONS AND BUSINESS COMBINATIONS continued
Acquisition of Anglogold Ashanti's remaining South African operations continued
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed continued
Critical accounting estimates and judgements continued
The fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired was determined on the expected discounted cash flows based on the life-of-mine plans of the Mponeng business (Mponeng), West Wits closure business (WW), Mine Waste Solutions (MWS) and the Vaal River closure business (VR). The post-tax real discount rates used ranged from 8.5% to 11.6%, real exchange rates ranged between R14.41/US$1 and R16.75/US$1 while real gold prices ranged between US$1 308/oz and US$1 784/oz over the valuation period. The valuation was performed as at 1 October 2020.
As part of determining the fair value of the provision for environmental rehabilitation the pre-tax risk-free rates used for discounting ranged between 5.1% and 11.5% while inflation of 5.0% was used for cost escalation.
The fair value of the unfavourable contract liability which forms part of the streaming arrangement with Franco-Nevada was measured at the difference between a market analyst consensus of gold prices and the fixed cash consideration to be received for gold delivered. A post-tax real rate of 11.6% was used to discount the liability over the expected period of delivery to settle the contract.
The deferred tax rates used to calculate deferred tax is based on the current estimate of future profitability when temporary differences will reverse based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted at acquisition date. The calculated deferred tax rates as at 1 October 2020 were 15.0% for Mponeng and WW, 20.8% for VR and 18.4% for MWS.
Fair value determination of acquired operations
For the period ended 31 December 2020, the fair value exercise was prepared on a provisional basis in accordance with IFRS 3. During the measurement period, being the 12 months permitted in terms of IFRS 3 for the completion of the fair value exercise, Harmony received new information relating to the expected production profiles of Mponeng and MWS, operating costs of the acquired operations, closure costs for environmental rehabilitation, trade and other receivables and trade and other payables that existed at acquisition date. There were changes to the life-of-mine plans which impacted the discounted cash flows used in the valuations of the CGUs.The change in the production profile of Mponeng impacted the valuation of the contingent consideration liability as at 1 October 2020. Other than changes to the expected production profiles, operating and rehabilitation closure costs, no other key valuation assumptions were revised.
Management considers the revised purchase price allocation to be final and the accounting for the acquisition to be concluded as at 30 June 2021. The final amounts for the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been included below.
The fair values as at the acquisition date are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | SA Rand |
| | | | 2021 |
| Figures in million | | | | | Provisional fair value | Measurement period adjustment | Final fair value |
| Non-current assets | | | | | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment | | | | | 6 547 | | (523) | | 6 024 | |
| Restricted cash and investments | | | | | 1 268 | | — | | 1 268 | |
| Deferred tax assets | | | | | 103 | | 119 | | 222 | |
| Current assets | | | | | | | |
| Inventories | | | | | 454 | | — | | 454 | |
| Trade and other receivables1 | | | | | 59 | | (12) | | 47 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | | | | 3 | | — | | 3 | |
| Non-current liabilities | | | | | | | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | | | | | (251) | | 84 | | (167) | |
| Provision for environmental rehabilitation | | | | | (1 442) | | (414) | | (1 856) | |
| Other non-current liabilities | | | | | (41) | | — | | (41) | |
| Streaming contract liability | | | | | (938) | | — | | (938) | |
| Current liabilities | | | | | | | |
| Trade and other payables | | | | | (535) | | 211 | | (324) | |
| Streaming contract liability | | | | | (479) | | — | | (479) | |
| Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired at 1 October 2020 | | | | | 4 748 | | (535) | | 4 213 | |
1 The gross contractual amounts receivable is equal to the fair value of the receivables at acquisition date
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
14 ACQUISITIONS AND BUSINESS COMBINATIONS continued
Acquisition of Anglogold Ashanti's remaining South African operations continued
Fair value determination of acquired operations continued
Groundwater pollution liability
During an assessment of the environmental liabilities associated with the acquisition, a risk related to the potential decant and pollution of groundwater from the tailings storage facilities was identified. Harmony has done an initial assessment and plans on using physo-remediation to assist in mitigating the risk.
A contingent liability acquired in a business combination is recognised in the acquisition accounting if it is a present obligation and its fair value can be measured reliably. Based on Harmony's assessment, a liability of R230 million has been raised as part of the provision for environmental rehabilitation assumed in the business combination.
Performance of acquired operations
For the nine months ended 30 June 2021, the operations acquired contributed revenue of R7 920 million and profit of R1 641 million. Should the acquisition have occurred on 1 July 2020, the group’s pro forma consolidated revenue would have been R44 718 million and pro forma consolidated profit would have been R6 087 million.
Adjustments made to pro forma information
For the nine months, October 2020 to June 2021, the revenue and production cost figures as per the segmental operating results were used, with adjustments made to determine the profit/(loss) after tax of the acquired operations. These adjustments were:
•Non-cash consideration recognised from the streaming arrangement;
•Depreciation expensed;
•Costs incurred directly attributable to the acquisition;
•Investment income recognised from restricted investments;
•Finance costs recognised for provisions for environmental rehabilitation;
•Change in estimate of provision for environmental rehabilitation recognised in the income statement; and
•Finance costs recognised for significant financing components of the streaming arrangement.
For the three months of July to September 2020 (Q1), the segment operational results of AGA was used. Adjustments made to pro forma information to determine profit/(loss) were as follows:
•Depreciation expensed for Q1 was estimated to be the same as Q2, based on the fair values determined as at 1 October 2020. AGA did not recognise depreciation for Q1 in line with IFRS 5, Non-Current Assets Held For Sale.
•Non-cash consideration from the streaming arrangement, finance costs for provisions for environmental rehabilitation and the streaming arrangement for Q1 were based on the fair values determined as at 1 October 2020, using Harmony's accounting policies.
Gain on bargain purchase
Gain on bargain purchase has been recognised as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| | 2021 |
| Figures in million | Provisional fair value | Measurement period adjustment | Final fair value |
| Consideration paid | | | |
| – Cash consideration | 3 366 | | — | | 3 366 | |
| – Contingent consideration | 229 | | 315 | | 544 | |
| Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired | (4 748) | | 535 | | (4 213) | |
| Gain on bargain purchase | (1 153) | | 850 | | (303) | |
The gain on bargain purchase realised can be attributed to the higher gold prices and R/$ exchange rate assumptions that were used in the business valuations performed as at 1 October 2020 when compared to the assumptions used when the transaction was negotiated. The gold price and exchange rate assumptions were impacted by the market uncertainty surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic, which has had a significant impact on the short- and medium-term assumptions that were included in the valuations.
Gain on bargain purchase has been included as a separate line item in the income statement.
15 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| | | |
| Mining assets | 26 487 | | 22 174 | |
| Mining assets under construction | 2 732 | | 2 714 | |
| Undeveloped properties | 3 988 | | 4 024 | |
| Other non-mining assets | 390 | | 274 | |
| Total property, plant and equipment | 33 597 | | 29 186 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
15 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT continued
Mining assets
Accounting policy
Mining assets including mine development costs and mine plant facilities are initially recorded at cost, whereafter they are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Costs include expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.
The net assets of operations placed on care and maintenance are impaired to their recoverable amount. Expenditure on the care and maintenance of these operations is charged against income, as incurred. Mineral and surface use rights represent mineral and surface use rights for parcels of land both owned and not owned by the group.
Mineral and surface rights include acquired mineral use rights in production, development and exploration phase properties. The amount capitalised related to a mineral and surface right, either as an individual asset purchase or as part of a business combination, is the fair value at acquisition.
The group’s mineral use rights are enforceable regardless of whether proved or probable reserves have been established. In certain limited situations, the nature of use changes from an exploration right to a mining right upon the establishment of proved and probable reserves. The group has the ability and intent to renew mineral use rights where the existing term is not sufficient to recover all identified and valued proved and probable reserves and/or undeveloped mineral interests.
Depreciation
Depreciation of mining assets is computed principally by the units-of-production method over life-of-mine based on estimated quantities of economically recoverable proved and probable reserves, which can be recovered in future from known mineral deposits.
In most instances, proved and probable reserves provide the best indication of the useful life of the group’s mines (and related assets). However, in some instances, proved and probable reserves may not provide a realistic indication of the useful life of the mine (and related assets). This may be the case, for example, where management is confident that further inferred resources will be converted into measured and indicated resources and if they are economically recoverable, they can also be classified as proved and probable reserves. Management is approaching economic decisions affecting the mine on this basis, but has chosen to delay the work required to designate them formally as reserves.
In assessing which resources to include so as to best reflect the useful life of the mine, management considers resources that have been included in the life-of-mine plan. To be included in the life-of-mine plan, resources need to be above the cut-off grade set by management, which means that the resource can be economically mined and is therefore commercially viable. This consistent systematic method for inclusion in the life-of-mine plan takes management’s view of the gold price, exchange rates as well as cost inflation into account.
In declaring the resource, management would have had to obtain a specified level of confidence of the existence of the resource through drilling as required by the South African Code for Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (SAMREC).
Additional confidence in the existence, commercial viability and economical recovery of such resources may be based on historical experience and available geological information, such as geological information obtained from other operations that are contiguous to the group’s operations, as well as where the group mines continuations of these other operations’ orebodies and reefs. This is in addition to the drilling results obtained by the group and management’s knowledge of the geological setting of the surrounding areas, which would enable simulations and extrapolations to be done with a reasonable degree of accuracy.
In instances where management is able to demonstrate the economic recovery of such resources with a high level of confidence, such additional resources, which may also include certain, but not all, of the inferred resources, as well as the associated future development costs of accessing those resources, are included in the calculation of depreciation. The future development costs are those costs that need to be incurred to access these inferred resources, for example the costs to complete a decline or level, which may include infrastructure and equipping costs. These amounts have been extracted from the cash flow projections for the life-of-mine plans.
Mineral rights associated with production phase mineral interests are amortised over the life of mine using the units-of-production method in order to match the amortisation with the expected underlying future cash flows.
Impairment
Testing for impairment is done in terms of the group policy as discussed in note 2.5.
Scrapping of assets
Where significant adverse changes have taken place relating to the useful life of an asset, that asset is tested for impairment in terms of the group policy as discussed in note 2.5. Whether or not an impairment is recognised, it is then necessary to review the useful lives and residual values of the assets within the CGU – this is reviewed at least annually. Where necessary, the useful lives and residual values of the individual assets are revised.
Where the useful life of an asset is nil as a result of no future economic benefit expected from the use or disposal of that asset, it is necessary to derecognise the asset. The loss arising from the derecognition is included in profit or loss in the period in which the asset was derecognised.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
15 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT continued
Mining assets continued
Accounting policy continued
Stripping activities
The removal of overburden and other mine waste materials is often necessary during the initial development of an opencast mine site, in order to access the mineral ore deposit. The directly attributable cost of this activity is capitalised in full within mining assets under construction, until the point at which the mine is considered to be capable of commercial production.
The removal of waste material after the point at which a mine is capable of commercial production is referred to as production stripping.
When the waste removal activity improves access to ore extracted in the current period, the costs of production stripping are charged to the income statement as operating costs in accordance with the principles of IAS 2, Inventories.
Where production stripping activity both produces inventory and improves access to ore in future periods the associated costs of waste removal are allocated between the two elements. The portion which benefits future ore extraction is capitalised within stripping and development capital expenditure. If the amount to be capitalised cannot be specifically identified it is determined based on the volume of waste extracted compared with expected volume for the identified component of the orebody. Components are specific volumes of a mine’s orebody that are determined by reference to the life-of-mine plan.
In certain instances significant levels of waste removal may occur during the production phase with little or no associated production. The cost of this waste removal is capitalised in full.
All amounts capitalised in respect of waste removal are depreciated using the units-of-production method based on proved and probable ore reserves of the component of the orebody to which they relate.
The effects of changes to the life-of-mine plan on the expected cost of waste removal or remaining reserves for a component are accounted for prospectively as a change in estimate.
Critical accounting estimates and judgements – Gold Mineral Reserves and Resources
Gold mineral reserves and resources are estimates of the amount of ounces that can be economically and legally extracted from the group’s properties. In order to calculate the gold mineral reserves and resources, estimates and assumptions are required about a range of geological, technical and economic factors, including quantities, grades, production techniques, recovery rates, production costs, commodity prices and exchange rates.
Estimating the quantities and/or grade of the reserves and resources requires the size, shape and depth of the orebodies to be determined by analysing geological data such as the logging and assaying of drill samples. This process may require complex and difficult geological judgements and calculations to interpret the data.
Because the economic assumptions used to estimate the gold mineral reserves and resources change from year to year, and because additional geological data is generated during the course of operations, estimates of the mineral reserves and resources may change from year to year. Changes in the reserves and resources may affect the group’s financial results and financial position in a number of ways, including:
• Asset carrying values may be affected due to changes in estimated cash flows;
• Scrapping of assets to be recorded in the income statement following the derecognition of assets as no future economic benefit expected;
• Depreciation and amortisation charged in the income statement may change as they are calculated on the units-of-production method;
• Environmental provisions may change as the timing and/or cost of these activities may be affected by the change in mineral reserves; and
• Useful life and residual values may be affected by the change in mineral reserves.
At the end of each financial year, the estimate of proved and probable gold mineral reserves and resources is updated. Depreciation of mining assets is prospectively adjusted, based on these changes.
Critical accounting estimates and judgements – production start date
Various relevant criteria are considered in order to assess when the mine is substantially complete and ready for its intended use and moves into the production phase. Some of the criteria would include but are not limited to the following:
• The level of capital expenditure compared to the total project cost estimates;
• The ability to produce gold in a saleable form (where more than an insignificant amount of gold has been produced); and
• The ability to sustain the ongoing production of gold.
Critical accounting estimates and judgements – stripping activities
The determination of the volume of waste extracted and the expected volume for the identified component of the orebody is dependent on an individual mine’s design and life-of-mine plan and therefore changes to the design or life-of-mine plan will result in changes to these estimates. Identification of the components of a mine’s orebody is made by reference to the life-of-mine plan. The assessment depends on a range of factors including each mine’s specific operational features and materiality.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
15 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT continued
Mining assets continued
Critical accounting estimates and judgements – impairment of assets
The recoverable amount of mining assets is generally determined utilising real discounted future cash flows (post tax). Management also considers such factors as the quality of the individual orebody, market risk, asset specific risks and country risk in determining the fair value.
Key assumptions for the calculations of the mining assets’ recoverable amounts are the commodity prices, resource values, marketable discount rates, costs to sell, exchange rates and the annual life-of-mine plans. In determining the commodity prices and resource values to be used, management assesses the long-term views of several reputable institutions on commodity prices and based on this, derives the commodity prices and resource values.
The life-of-mine plans are based on the proved and probable reserves as included in the Reserve Declaration, which are determined in terms of SAMREC, as well as resources where management has high confidence in the orebody and economical recovery of gold, based on historic and similar geological experience.
During the year under review, the group calculated the recoverable amounts (generally fair value less costs to sell) based on updated life-of-mine plans and the following gold price, silver price and exchange rates assumptions:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| US$ gold price per ounce | | | |
| – Year 1 | 1 805 | | 1 610 | | 1 325 | |
| – Year 2 | 1 673 | | 1 558 | | 1 310 | |
| – Year 3 | 1 582 | | 1 469 | | 1 290 | |
| – Long term (Year 4 onwards) | 1 500 | | 1 350 | | 1 290 | |
| US$ silver price per ounce | | | |
| – Year 1 | 25.72 | | 17.00 | | 15.75 | |
| – Year 2 | 23.22 | | 17.00 | | 15.75 | |
| – Year 3 | 21.70 | | 17.00 | | 17.00 | |
| – Long term (Year 4 onwards) | 20.70 | | 17.00 | | 17.00 | |
| Exchange rate (R/US$) | | | |
| – Year 1 | 14.54 | | 16.72 | | 14.43 | |
| – Year 2 | 14.36 | | 15.47 | | 14.25 | |
| – Year 3 | 14.44 | | 15.29 | | 14.11 | |
| – Long term (Year 4 onwards) | 14.51 | | 14.51 | | 14.11 | |
| Exchange rate (PGK/US$) | 3.50 | | 3.45 | | 3.34 | |
| Rand gold price (R/kg) | | | |
| – Year 1 | 843 000 | | 865 000 | | 615 000 | |
| – Year 2 | 772 000 | | 775 000 | | 600 000 | |
| – Year 3 | 735 000 | | 722 000 | | 585 000 | |
| – Long term (Year 4 onwards) | 700 000 | | 630 000 | | 585 000 | |
The following is the attributable gold resource value assumption:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | South Africa | Hidden Valley |
| US dollar per ounce | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Underground resources | | | | | | |
| Measured | 16.50 | | 25.00 | | 25.00 | | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Indicated | 9.00 | | 8.00 | | 8.00 | | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Inferred | 3.60 | | 2.80 | | 2.80 | | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Surface resources | | | | | | |
| Measured | 30.00 | | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Indicated | 17.50 | | n/a | n/a | 9.00 | | 8.00 | | 8.00 | |
| Inferred | 8.00 | | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
The recoverable amount of mining assets is determined utilising real discounted future cash flows or resource multiples in the case of undeveloped properties and certain resource bases. The underground resource value has been applied to Target North and Doornkop's Kimberly Reef and the surface resource values have been applied to the Mispah Tailings resource, Vaal River and West Wits surface sources.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
15 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT continued
Mining assets continued
Critical accounting estimates and judgements – impairment of assets continued
One of the most significant assumptions that influence the group's operations' life-of-mine plans, and therefore the impairment assessment, is the expected gold price. Due to the short-term volatility in the US$ commodity price and Rand against the US$, management decided it would be appropriate to continue to differentiate between short-, medium- and long-term assumptions used in the models. The long-term price was determined as part of the annual budgeting process and is used in the life-of-mine plans and is also the cut-off price for calculating reserves included in the declaration of reserves and resources in terms of SAMREC. The resource multiple values have been updated from the prior year, due to the recent transaction between AGA and Harmony for the purchase of the Mponeng operations and related assets. The resource multiple has been further updated to differentiate between underground operations and surface source operations due to this new information and applied to the relevant resource bases. Please refer to note 14 for further information on the acquisition. The silver price has been extended during the current financial year to include short-, medium- and long-term rates. The long-term rate used is based on the rate used as part of the strategic planning process.
Due to the volatilities experienced in the markets and the uncertainty in forecasting future cash flows due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, management has used various probability scenarios in determining the recoverable amounts for the CGUs at 30 June 2021 and 2020.
The factors below were considered in management's judgements. The most significant change year on year was the introduction of the vaccination programme and its impact on infection rates. The factors were:
•Infection rates and the timing of the expected peaks in the provinces and/or countries that Harmony's operations are situated in;
•Expected disruptions to production together with the mitigation strategies management has in place;
•Expectation of the completion date of the vaccination programme at Harmony and a governmental level; and
•Potential duration of the impact of the virus (prior and post vaccination) and the related restrictions in operations.
Management included estimates of the staffing costs for screening and monitoring employees at work as well as those that are in quarantine. Further costs have been included in the life-of-mine plans for the cost of the vaccination programme and the scenarios used by management include further potential costs if vaccinations are required in the future at various intervals.
In preparing the various scenarios, management considered and varied:
•The potential impact on production and therefore on the revenue cash flows, based on historical trends that have been extrapolated to account for varying disruption levels;
•The duration of potential disruptions to production, ranging from 12 months to 24 months;
•The infection rates and associated costs as well as vaccination costs. This included impacts on production as well as considerations of the potential requirement to re-vaccinate in coming years.
The calculated cash flows were then weighted based on management's expectation of each of the scenarios occurring. The resulting amounts were discounted using the specific discount rate for each operation in order to determine the recoverable amount.
The post-tax real discount rate for Hidden Valley was 10.30% (2020: 9.02%) (2019: 10.13%) and the post-tax real discount rates for the South African operations ranged between 9.30% and 12.00% (2020: 9.62% and 11.53%) (2019: 8.90% and 11.10%), depending on the asset, were used to determine the recoverable amounts. Cash flows used in the impairment calculations are based on life-of-mine plans which exceed five years for the majority of the mines. Cash flows from potential projects, life-of-mine extensions and residual ounces can also be included in the impairment assessment where deemed appropriate. An additional risk premium is added to the post-tax real discount rates in these instances.
Refer to note 6 for details of impairment testing performed and impairments recorded.
Should management’s estimate of the future not reflect actual events, further impairments may be identified.
Factors affecting the estimates include:
•Changes to proved and probable ore reserves;
•Economical recovery of resources;
•The grade of the ore reserves may vary significantly from time to time;
•Review of strategy;
•Unforeseen operational issues at the mines;
•Differences between actual commodity prices and commodity price assumptions;
•Changes in the discount rate and foreign exchange rates;
•Changes in capital, operating mining, processing and reclamation costs;
•Mines' ability to convert resources into reserves;
•Potential production stoppages for indefinite periods;
•The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global economy, commodity prices and exchange rates, as well as the impact in the countries the group operates in, resulting in production curtailment; and
•Carbon tax.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
15 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT continued
Mining assets continued
Sensitivity analysis – impairment of assets
One of the most significant assumptions that influence the life-of-mine plans and therefore impairment assessments is the expected commodity prices. Management determined a reasonably possible long-term change of 10% in gold prices based on the standard deviation of both Harmony's long-term gold price assumption over the past five financial years and market analysts' forecasted long-term gold price assumptions. A 10% increase/decrease (pre-impairment and -scrapping recognition) in the gold price and resource values used, with the resultant adjustment to mining royalties in 2021 (with all other variables held constant and not taking any actions, such as stopping capital projects, into account) would have resulted in the following post-tax impairment being recorded (including the impairments recorded in the current period) as at 30 June 2021:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| -10% decrease | | |
| Tshepong Operations | 5 325 | | 3 352 | |
| Mponeng | 2 249 | | — | |
| Moab Khotsong1 | 1 916 | | 15 | |
| Doornkop | 1 914 | | — | |
| Target 1 | 1 267 | | 804 | |
| Kusasalethu | 821 | | 441 | |
| Bambanani1 | 413 | | 94 | |
| Kalgold | 390 | | — | |
| Joel | 359 | | 716 | |
| Target 3 | 178 | | — | |
| Other assets | 101 | | 20 | |
| Mine Waste Solutions | 96 | | — | |
| West Wits | 35 | | — | |
| Unisel | — | | 6 | |
| +10% increase | | |
| Target 3 | 178 | | — | |
1 The carrying amounts of these CGUs include goodwill and any impairment losses are allocated first to goodwill and then to the identifiable assets.
At all other operations, a 10% increase in the gold price would have resulted in no impairments being recorded.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
15 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT continued
Mining assets continued
The movement in the mining assets is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Cost | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 59 736 | | 53 629 | |
| Fully depreciated assets no longer in use derecognised | (989) | | — | |
| Additions (a) | 4 518 | | 3 180 | |
| Acquisitions (b) | 5 887 | | — | |
| Disposals | — | | (85) | |
| Scrapping of assets (c) | (1 221) | | (268) | |
| Adjustment to rehabilitation asset (d) | (774) | | (48) | |
| Transfers and other movements (e) | 545 | | 1 348 | |
| Translation | (2 722) | | 1 980 | |
| Balance at end of year | 64 980 | | 59 736 | |
| Accumulated depreciation and impairments | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 37 562 | | 33 080 | |
| Fully depreciated assets no longer in use derecognised | (989) | | — | |
| Impairment of assets (f) | 937 | | — | |
| Disposals | — | | (70) | |
| Scrapping of assets (c) | (1 060) | | (206) | |
| Depreciation | 3 936 | | 3 563 | |
| Translation | (1 893) | | 1 195 | |
| Balance at end of year | 38 493 | | 37 562 | |
| Net carrying value | 26 487 | | 22 174 | |
(a)Included in additions for 2021 is an amount of R159 million (2020: R97 million) for capitalised depreciation associated with stripping activities at the Hidden Valley operations.
(b)Refer to note 14 for details on the fair value of assets acquired.
(c)Refer to note 9 for the total loss on scrapping recognised.
(d)Refer to note 26 for details on the adjustment to the rehabilitation asset.
(e)Transfer of assets mainly relates to assets under construction transferred to mining assets. During the 2021 year an amount of R541 million (2020: R438 million) was transferred to mining assets at Hidden Valley. This related to ongoing mining development costs.The remaining amount relates to Joel’s Level 137 decline project that was assessed as having reached commercial levels of production on 1 January 2020 and transferred to mining assets. The capitalisation of borrowing costs ceased and depreciation commenced as of 1 January 2020.
(f)Impairment of assets mainly relates to the impairment of Tshepong Operations and Target 3.
Stripping activities
Included in the balance for mining assets is an amount of R176 million (2020: R84 million) relating to Kalgold and R871 million (2020: R598 million) relating to Hidden Valley. Depreciation of R16 million (2020: R17 million) and R934 million (2020: R668 million) was recorded for Kalgold and Hidden Valley respectively.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
15 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT continued
Mining assets under construction
Accounting policy
At the group’s surface mines, when it has been determined that a mineral property can be economically developed as a result of establishing proved and probable reserves, costs incurred to develop the property are capitalised as incurred until the mine is considered to have moved into the production phase. These costs include costs to further delineate the orebody and remove overburden to initially expose the orebody.
At the group’s underground mines, all costs incurred to develop the property, including costs to access specific ore blocks or other areas of the underground mine, are capitalised to the extent that such costs will provide future economic benefits. These costs include the cost of shaft sinking and access, the costs of building access ways, lateral development, drift development, ramps, box cuts and other infrastructure development.
Where a depreciable asset is used in the construction or extension of a mine, the depreciation is capitalised against the mine’s cost.
Exploration properties acquired are recognised in the balance sheet within development cost and are shown at cost less provisions for impairment determined in accordance with the group’s accounting policy on impairment of non-financial assets.
Mineral interests associated with development and exploration phase mineral interests are not amortised until such time as the underlying property is converted to the production stage.
Capitalisation of pre-production costs ceases when commercial levels of production are reached. Commercial levels of production are discussed under “production start date” above.
Critical accounting estimates and judgements – exploration and evaluation assets
The recoverability of exploration and evaluation expenditure is assessed at the end of each reporting period. Significant judgement is required as to whether an area of activity is to be carried forward on the balance sheet, or written off through the identification of areas of activity which have not yet reached a stage that permits a reasonable assessment of the existence of economically recoverable reserves, where there is no continuing significant activity plan in relation to the area.
The movement in the mining assets under construction is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Cost | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 2 714 | | 2 964 | |
| Additions | 924 | | 687 | |
| Depreciation capitalised1 | 4 | | 4 | |
| Finance costs capitalised2 | 22 | | 54 | |
| Transfers and other movements | (541) | | (1 334) | |
| Translation | (391) | | 339 | |
| Balance at end of year | 2 732 | | 2 714 | |
1 Relates to Tshepong Operations.
2 Refer to note 11 for further detail on the capitalisation rate applied.
Wafi-Golpu development
Capitalisation of certain project expenses on Wafi-Golpu was halted from 1 July 2019 following delays in the permitting of the project (refer to note 22). All ongoing expenses since were for holding purposes and did not result in future economic benefit. These have been included in exploration expenditure in the income statement and amounted to R51 million (2020: R123 million) for the year.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
15 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT continued
Undeveloped properties
Accounting policy
Undeveloped properties are initially recognised at cost, which is generally based on the fair value of resources obtained through acquisitions. The carrying values of these properties are tested annually for impairment. Once development commences, these properties are transferred to mining properties and accounted for in accordance with the related accounting policy.
The movement in the undeveloped properties is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Cost | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 5 499 | | 5 437 | |
| Translation | (38) | | 62 | |
| Balance at end of year | 5 461 | | 5 499 | |
| Accumulated depreciation and impairments | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 1 475 | | 1 472 | |
| | | |
| Translation | (2) | | 3 | |
| Balance at end of year | 1 473 | | 1 475 | |
| Net carrying value | 3 988 | | 4 024 | |
Other non-mining assets
Accounting policy
Land is shown at cost and not depreciated. Other non-mining fixed assets are shown at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Other non-mining fixed assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows:
•Vehicles at 20% per year.
•Computer equipment at 33.3% per year.
•Furniture and equipment at 16.67% per year.
The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date.
The movement in the non-mining assets is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Cost | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 703 | | 658 | |
| Fully depreciated assets no longer in use derecognised | (49) | | — | |
| Acquisitions | 135 | | — | |
| | | |
| Additions | 34 | | 39 | |
| Translation | (2) | | 6 | |
| Balance at end of year | 821 | | 703 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Accumulated depreciation and impairments | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 429 | | 387 | |
| Fully depreciated assets no longer in use derecognised | (49) | | — | |
| Depreciation | 52 | | 38 | |
| | | |
| Translation | (1) | | 4 | |
| Balance at end of year | 431 | | 429 | |
| Net carrying value | 390 | | 274 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
16 INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Accounting policy
Intangible assets consist of all identifiable non-monetary assets without physical substance. They are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The following are the main categories of intangible assets:
Goodwill
Goodwill is an intangible asset with an indefinite useful life which is not amortised but tested for impairment on an annual basis, or when there is an indication of impairment. The excess of consideration transferred over the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the acquisition-date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries, joint operations and businesses is included in intangible assets. Goodwill on acquisition of associates is included in investments in associates and tested for impairment as part of the overall balance.
Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is allocated to cash generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash generating units or groups of cash generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose. If the composition of one or more cash generating units to which goodwill has been allocated changes due to a re-organisation, the goodwill is re-allocated to the units affected.
The gain or loss on disposal of an entity includes the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.
Technology-based assets
Acquired computer software licences that require further internal development are capitalised on the basis of costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the specific software. These technology-based assets are classified as intangible assets with a finite useful life. These assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which are reviewed annually, as follows:
•Computer software at 20% per year.
Critical accounting estimates and judgements – impairment of goodwill
Due to the wasting nature of mining assets and the finite life of a mine's reserves, the allocation of goodwill to a mine or cash generating unit will eventually result in an impairment charge for the goodwill. The group tests annually whether separately identifiable goodwill has suffered any impairment in accordance with the accounting policy stated in note 2.5. These calculations use estimates as per note 15.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| | | |
| Goodwill | 333 | | 520 | |
| Technology-based assets | 32 | | 16 | |
| Total intangible assets | 365 | | 536 | |
Goodwill
The movement in goodwill is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Cost | | |
| Balance at beginning and end of year | 2 675 | | 2 675 | |
| Accumulated amortisation and impairments | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 2 155 | | 2 155 | |
| Impairment1 | 187 | | — | |
| Balance at end of year | 2 342 | | 2 155 | |
| Net carrying value | 333 | | 520 | |
| The net carrying value of goodwill has been allocated to the following cash generating units: | | |
| Bambanani | 31 | | 218 | |
| Moab Khotsong | 302 | | 302 | |
| Net carrying value | 333 | | 520 | |
1 In 2021 R187 million impairment on goodwill was recorded for Bambanani as the carrying value exceeded the recoverable amount. In 2020 no impairment on goodwill was recorded as the recoverable amounts exceeded the carrying values of the related cash generating units. Refer to note 6 for further details on the impairment assessment.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
16 INTANGIBLE ASSETS continued
Technology-based assets
The movement in technology-based assets is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Cost | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 47 | | 39 | |
| | | |
| Additions | 21 | | 8 | |
| Balance at end of year | 68 | | 47 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Accumulated amortisation and impairments | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 31 | | 26 | |
| Amortisation charge | 5 | | 5 | |
| | | |
| Balance at end of year | 36 | | 31 | |
| Net carrying value | 32 | | 16 | |
Accounting policy – financial assets (applicable to notes 17, 18, 19 and 20)
Financial assets are initially recognised when the group becomes a party to their contractual arrangements. On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at:
•Amortised cost;
•Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI); or
•Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).
A financial asset is classified as measured at amortised cost if it is held within the business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows and its contractual terms give rise, on specified dates, to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
The group measures a financial asset initially at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at FVTPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at FVTPL are expensed. The subsequent measurement of financial assets is discussed below.
| | | | | |
| Financial asset category | Description |
| |
| Debt instruments at amortised cost | Financial assets at amortised cost consist of restricted cash, restricted investments, loans, trade receivables and cash and cash equivalents. Interest income from these financial assets is included in investment income using the effective interest rate method. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised directly in profit or loss. Impairment losses are presented in other operating expenses in the income statement. |
| Debt instruments at fair value through profit or loss | Equity-linked investments which are held to meet rehabilitation liabilities are classified as FVTPL. Debt instruments where the contractual cash flows fail to meet the solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) criteria are also classified as FVTPL. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at FVTPL is recognised in profit or loss and presented net within investment income in the period in which it arises. On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the proceeds received or receivable and the carrying amount of the asset is included in profit or loss. |
| Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI | The group's equity investments are designated as FVTOCI. The group subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the group's management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in OCI, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss following the derecognition of the investment. Dividends from such investments are recognised when the group’s right to receive payments is established either in profit or loss as other income or as a deduction against the asset if the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Residual values in OCI are reclassified to retained earnings on derecognition of the related FVTOCI instruments. |
Impairment losses on financial assets at amortised cost are assessed using the forward-looking expected credit loss (ECL) approach. ECLs are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the group expects to receive). At each reporting date, the group assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost are credit impaired. A financial asset is ‘‘credit-impaired’’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred. Trade receivable loss allowances are measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs. Loss allowances are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
17 RESTRICTED CASH AND INVESTMENTS
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 |
2020 |
| | | |
| Restricted cash | 216 | | 169 | |
| Restricted investments | 5 083 | | 3 535 | |
| Total restricted cash and investments | 5 299 | | 3 704 | |
| Current portion of restricted cash and investments | 67 | | 62 | |
| Non-current portion of restricted cash and investments | 5 232 | | 3 642 | |
Restricted cash
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Non-current (a) | 149 | | 107 | |
| Current (b) | 67 | | 62 | |
| Total restricted cash | 216 | | 169 | |
(a) The amount primarily relates to funds set aside to serve as collateral against guarantees made to the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) in South Africa for environmental and rehabilitation obligations. Refer to note 26. The funds are invested in short-term money market funds and call accounts.
(b) Cash of R23 million (2020: R22 million) relates to monies released from the environmental trusts as approved by the DMRE which may only be used for further rehabilitation. Cash of R29 million (2020: R32 million) relates to monies set aside for affected communities in the group’s PNG operations. Cash of R15 million (2020: R8 million) relates to monies held by Harmony Gold Community Trust.
Restricted investments
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Investments held by environmental trust funds | 5 064 | | 3 513 | |
| Investments held by the Social Trust Fund | 19 | | 22 | |
| Total restricted investments (non-current) | 5 083 | | 3 535 | |
Environmental trust funds
Accounting policy
Contributions are made to the group's environmental trust funds, created in accordance with statutory requirements, to fund the estimated cost of pollution control, rehabilitation and mine closure at the end of the life of the group's mines. The trusts are consolidated into the group as the group exercises control of the trusts. The measurement of the investments held by the trust funds is dependent on their classification under financial assets. Income received and gains are treated in accordance with these classifications. The equity-linked notes and investment in unit trusts are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss while the equity investments are classified and measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. Interest-bearing short-term investments as well as investment in government bonds are classified and measured as debt instruments at amortised cost.
The environmental trust funds are irrevocable trusts under the group's control. Contributions to the trusts are invested in various instruments which include the following: listed equity securities, unit trusts, government bonds, interest-bearing short-term and medium-term cash investments and medium term equity-linked notes. The equity-linked notes are issued by commercial banks that provide guaranteed interest and additional interest or growth linked to the growth of the Top 40 index of the JSE. These investments provide for the estimated cost of rehabilitation at the end of the life of the group's mines. Income earned on the investments is retained in the funds and reinvested.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
17 RESTRICTED CASH AND INVESTMENTS continued
Restricted investments continued
Environmental trust funds continued
The environmental trust funds consist of:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Fixed deposits | 3 091 | | 2 632 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 124 | | 66 | |
| Equity-linked deposits | 1 325 | | 815 | |
| Government bonds | 225 | | — | |
| Equity investments | 252 | | — | |
| Collective investment scheme (unit trusts) | 47 | | — | |
| Total environmental trust funds | 5 064 | | 3 513 | |
The increase in the balance relates primarily to the acquisition of the Mponeng operations and related assets.
Reconciliation of the movement in the investments held by environmental trust funds:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 3 513 | | 3 273 | |
| Acquisition (a) | 1 268 | | — | |
| Interest income | 174 | | 163 | |
| Fair value gain | 138 | | 77 | |
| Dividend received | 5 | | — | |
| Equity-linked deposits acquired/(matured) | 400 | | (490) | |
| (Maturity)/acquisition of fixed deposits | (428) | | 456 | |
| Net transfer of cash and cash equivalents | 28 | | 34 | |
| Withdrawal of funds for rehabilitation work performed | (34) | | — | |
| Balance at end of year | 5 064 | | 3 513 | |
(a) Refer to note 14 for further detail on the acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets. These funds were invested in money market, unit trusts, listed equity securities and government bonds.
The Social Trust Fund
The Social Trust Fund is an irrevocable trust under the group's control. The purpose of the trust is to fund the social plan to reduce the negative effects of restructuring on the group's workforce, to put measures in place to ensure that the technical and life skills of the group's workforce are developed and to develop the group's workforce in such a manner as to avoid or minimise the effect of job losses and a decline in employment through turnaround or redeployment strategies.
The Social Trust Fund investment comprises a unit trust portfolio that is exposed to the fair value changes in the equity market and is classified as a fair value through profit or loss investment.
18 OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 |
2020 |
| Debt instruments | 193 | | 311 | |
| Loans to associates (a) | 116 | | 116 | |
| Loan to ARM BBEE Trust (b) | 177 | | 306 | |
| Other loans | 16 | | 5 | |
| Loss allowance (a) | (116) | | (116) | |
| Equity instruments | 74 | | 77 | |
| Rand Mutual Assurance (c) | 65 | | 69 | |
| Other investments | 9 | | 8 | |
| Inventories | 65 | | 47 | |
| Non-current portion of gold in lock-up (d) | 65 | | 47 | |
| | | |
| Total other non-current assets | 332 | | 435 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
18 OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS continued
(a)A loan of R116 million (2020: R116 million) owed by Pamodzi Gold Limited (Pamodzi) who were placed into liquidation during 2009 was provided for in full. Harmony is a concurrent creditor in the Pamodzi Orkney liquidation.
(b)During 2016, Harmony advanced R200 million to the ARM Broad-Based Economic Empowerment Trust (the ARM BBEE Trust), a shareholder of African Rainbow Minerals Limited (ARM). The trust is controlled and consolidated by ARM, who holds 12.12% of Harmony's shares at 30 June 2021. Harmony is a trustee of the ARM BBEE Trust. The loan was subordinated and unsecured. The interest on the loan was market related (3 months JIBAR plus 4.25%) and was receivable on the maturity of the loan on 31 December 2022. In the 2021 financial year, the loan to the ARM BBEE Trust was refinanced to allow a sufficient and sustainable repayment structure. Following the restructuring, Harmony advanced R264 million to the ARM BBEE Trust to which the Trust used the amount for the repayment of the outstanding balance under the previous loan agreement. The loan under the revised loan agreement is interest-free and is receivable on the maturity of the loan on 30 June 2035. The loan is unsubordinated and unsecured.
Neither of the loans meet the requirements for amortised cost measurement as it fails the solely payments of principal and interest test and were therefore classified as fair value through profit and loss (refer to the fair value determination section in note 39 for detail). The group determined that the contractual terms include exposure to risk and volatility that is inconsistent with a basic lending arrangement. In making this assessment the group considered contingent events that would change the amount and timing of cash flows and potential limits on the group's claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non-recourse asset arrangements).
At 30 June 2021 the loan has been remeasured to its fair value using a discounted cash flow model. The refinancing of the loan resulted in a day 1 expense of R87 million.
The movement in the ARM BBEE Trust loan is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 306 | | 271 | |
| Fair value gain1 | 10 | | 37 | |
| Repayment of interest | (52) | | (2) | |
| Settlement of original loan | (264) | | — | |
| Refinanced loan advanced | 264 | | — | |
| Day 1 expense1 | (87) | | — | |
| Balance at end of year | 177 | | 306 | |
1 Included in net gain on financial instruments (refer to note 10)
(c)The movement in the investment in Rand Mutual Assurance (RMA) is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 69 | | 52 | |
| Capital dividend received | (8) | | (7) | |
| Fair value gain | 4 | | 24 | |
| Balance at end of year | 65 | | 69 | |
On 5 August 2020, the Group received dividends relating to the second and final tranche of the contingent consideration for the sale of shares in one of RMA’s subsidiaries. The dividend is seen as a recovery of capital as it reduced Harmony's effective share in the investment. The fair value gains are a result of the favourable financial position of the total investment. Please refer to note 39 on the fair value valuation technique. Refer to note 10 for details of additional dividends received.
(d)Refer to note 23 for further details on inventories.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
19 DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The group has the following derivative financial instruments:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Figures in million (SA Rand) | Rand gold hedging contracts
(a) | US$ gold hedging contracts
(b) | US$ silver contracts
(b) | Foreign exchange contracts
(c) | Rand gold derivative contracts
(a) |
Total |
| | | | | | | |
| At 30 June 2021 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Derivative financial assets | 1 358 | | 48 | | 10 | | 383 | | — | | 1 799 | |
| Non-current | 279 | | 40 | | 9 | | — | | — | | 328 | |
| Current | 1 079 | | 8 | | 1 | | 383 | | — | | 1 471 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Derivative financial liabilities | (41) | | (73) | | (98) | | — | | — | | (212) | |
| Non-current | — | | — | | (6) | | — | | — | | (6) | |
| Current | (41) | | (73) | | (92) | | — | | — | | (206) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net derivative financial instruments | 1 317 | | (25) | | (88) | | 383 | | — | | 1 587 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Unamortised day one net loss included above | (18) | | (5) | | — | | — | | — | | (23) | |
| Unrealised gains/(losses) included in other reserves, net of tax | 1 069 | | (18) | | — | | — | | — | | 1 051 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Movements for the year ended
30 June 2021 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Realised losses included in revenue | (2 023) | | (273) | | — | | — | | — | | (2 296) | |
| Unrealised gains/(losses) on gold contracts recognised in other comprehensive income | 2 999 | | (7) | | — | | — | | — | | 2 992 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Gains/(losses) on derivatives | — | | — | | (256) | | 1 217 | | 111 | | 1 072 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Day one loss amortisation | (42) | | (8) | | — | | — | | — | | (50) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total gains/(losses) on derivatives | (42) | | (8) | | (256) | | 1 217 | | 111 | | 1 022 | |
| Hedge effectiveness | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument used as the basis for recognising hedge ineffectiveness | 2 999 | | (7) | | — | | — | | — | | 2 992 | |
| Changes in the fair value of the hedged item used as the basis for recognising hedge ineffectiveness | (2 999) | | 7 | | — | | — | | — | | (2 992) | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
19 DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Figures in million (SA Rand) | Rand gold hedging contracts
(a) | US$ gold hedging contracts
(b) | US$ silver
contracts
(b) | Foreign exchange contracts
(c) | Rand gold derivative contracts
(a) | Total |
| At 30 June 2020 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Derivative financial assets | 19 | | 8 | | 11 | | 30 | | — | | 68 | |
| Non-current | 10 | | 5 | | 5 | | 30 | | — | | 50 | |
| Current | 9 | | 3 | | 6 | | — | | — | | 18 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Derivative financial liabilities | (3 626) | | (356) | | (4) | | (760) | | (257) | | (5 003) | |
| Non-current | (717) | | (96) | | (1) | | (65) | | — | | (879) | |
| Current | (2 909) | | (260) | | (3) | | (695) | | (257) | | (4 124) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net derivative financial instruments | (3 607) | | (348) | | 7 | | (730) | | (257) | | (4 935) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Unamortised day one net loss included above | (18) | | (8) | | — | | — | | — | | (26) | |
| Unrealised losses included in other reserves, net of tax | (3 053) | | (342) | | — | | — | | — | | (3 395) | |
| Movements for the year ended
30 June 2020 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Realised losses included in revenue | (1 263) | | (134) | | — | | — | | — | | (1 397) | |
| Unrealised losses on gold contracts
recognised in other comprehensive income | (4 820) | | (391) | | — | | — | | — | | (5 211) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Gains/(losses) on derivatives | — | | — | | 6 | | (1 235) | | (174) | | (1 403) | |
| Unrealised losses reclassified to profit or loss as a result of discontinuance of hedge accounting | (235) | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (235) | |
| Day one loss amortisation | (34) | | (6) | | — | | — | | — | | (40) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total gains/(losses) on derivatives | (269) | | (6) | | 6 | | (1 235) | | (174) | | (1 678) | |
| Hedge effectiveness | | | | | | |
| Changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument used as the basis for recognising hedge ineffectiveness | (4 820) | | (391) | | — | | — | | — | | (5 211) | |
| Changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument used as the basis for recognising hedge ineffectiveness | 4 820 | | 391 | | — | | — | | — | | 5 211 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Figures in million (SA Rand) | Rand gold hedging contracts
(a) | US$ gold hedging contracts
(b) | US$ silver
contracts
(b) | Foreign exchange contracts
(c) | Rand gold derivative contracts
(a) | Total |
| | | | | | | |
| Movements for the year ended
30 June 2019 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Realised gain included in revenue | 453 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 453 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Unrealised gains/(losses) on gold contracts recognised in other comprehensive income | (302) | | (49) | | — | | — | | — | | (351) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Gains/(losses) on derivatives | — | | — | | 13 | | 554 | | (51) | | 516 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Day one loss amortisation | (31) | | (1) | | — | | — | | — | | (32) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total gains/(losses) on derivatives | (31) | | (1) | | 13 | | 554 | | (51) | | 484 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
19 DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued
Hedge accounting
Harmony has entered into gold forward sale derivative contracts to hedge the risk of lower gold prices. Cash flow hedge accounting is applied to the majority of these contracts, resulting in the effective portion of the unrealised gains and losses being recorded in other comprehensive income (other reserves - refer to note 25). Refer to note 39 for a summary of the risk management strategy applied and the balances relating to designated hedging instruments as at reporting date.
Hedge effectiveness is determined at the inception of the hedge relationship and through periodic prospective effectiveness assessments. The group enters into gold forward contracts that have similar terms as the hedged item, such as notional amount, maturity date and reference gold spot price thereby ensuring that an economic relationship exists between the hedging instrument and the hedged item and resulting in a hedge ratio of 1:1. Potential sources of hedge ineffectiveness include counterparty and own credit risk, day one gains and losses, a mismatch in the timing of the derivative and underlying gold sale maturities, location differential and the refining margin. Hedge ineffectiveness is measured by comparing the change in the expected cash flows from a forward sale contract versus the sale of an equivalent quantity of gold in the open market. Ineffectiveness results when the changes in the fair values in the hedging instruments exceed the fair value changes in the hedged item. A negligible amount of hedge ineffectiveness was experienced in the years presented.
The gains and losses from derivative contracts to which hedge accounting is not applied is included in gains/(losses) on derivatives in profit or loss.
(a)Rand gold contracts
All Rand gold forward contracts entered into after 1 October 2020 were apportioned to the South African operations which included Mponeng and Mine Waste Solutions operation.
Discontinuance of hedge accounting
As a result of the original 21-day lockdown announced in South Africa, effective 27 March 2020, aimed to slow the spread of Covid-19, Harmony placed all deep-level underground mines in South Africa on care and maintenance. As a result, a significant volume of the underlying exposure that was originally intended to be hedged was delayed.
A total of 63 400 ounces of gold forwards were originally set to mature in the months of April and May 2020. After assessing forecasts of gold production at 1 April 2020, the hedged items, being the sales of gold, relating to 30 500 ounces of gold forwards were assessed to no longer be probable. The hedged items relating to the remaining balance of gold forwards were still considered to be highly probable.
Due to the fact that the occurrence of the forecast transactions/hedged items were no longer considered probable, there was no longer an effective hedging relationship and therefore hedge accounting for these hedges was discontinued. Unrealised losses relating to the hedges amounting to R48 million and R187 million of restructured contracts discussed below, previously recognised in other comprehensive income, were immediately reclassified to profit or loss as gains/losses on derivatives.
Restructuring of contracts
In response to the gold forwards’ hedged items no longer being probable and in order to better match the cash flows relating to the underlying exposure, certain of the Rand gold forwards with maturities between 15 April 2020 and 31 May 2020 were effectively extended to mature between the periods July 2020 and March 2021.
The restructured gold forwards retained the pricing of the original forwards. They were not designated as hedging instruments as the difference in the costing structure would have required a different effectiveness assessment than currently used by management. Unrealised losses relating to the hedges amounting to R187 million, previously recognised in other comprehensive income, were immediately reclassified to profit or loss as gains/losses on derivatives. All subsequent gains and losses on the restructured hedges were recognised in profit or loss.
As at 30 June 2021, all the restructured gold forwards had matured.
(b)US$ commodity contracts
Harmony maintains a derivative programme for Hidden Valley by entering into commodity derivative contracts. The contracts comprise US$ gold forward sale contracts as well as silver zero cost collars which establish a minimum (floor) and maximum (cap) silver sales price. Hedge accounting is applied to all US$ gold forward sale contracts entered into from 1 January 2019 and these are shown separately from the silver zero cost collars that are not hedge accounted.
(c)Foreign exchange contracts
Harmony maintains a foreign exchange derivative programme in the form of zero cost collars, which sets a floor and cap Rand/US$ exchange rate at which to convert US dollars to Rands, and foreign exchange forward contracts. Hedge accounting is not applied to these contracts.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
19 DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued
The following table shows the open position at the reporting date:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2022 | 2023 | TOTAL |
| | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
| Foreign exchange contracts | | | | | | | | | |
| Zero cost collars | | | | | | | | | |
| US$m | 47 | | 42 | | 27 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 116 | |
| Average Floor – R/US$ | 16.32 | | 16.93 | | 17.99 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 16.93 | |
| Average Cap – R/US$ | 17.90 | | 18.54 | | 19.65 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 18.54 | |
| Forward contracts | | | | | | | | | |
| US$m | 9 | | 9 | | 8 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 26 | |
| Average Forward rate – R/US$ | 18.18 | | 18.41 | | 18.71 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 18.43 | |
| R/gold | | | | | | | | | |
| '000 oz – cash flow hedge | 79 | | 72 | | 63 | | 52 | | 38 | | 5 | | — | | — | | 309 | |
| Average R'000/kg | 863 | | 933 | | 1 022 | | 1 070 | | 1 084 | | 1 025 | | — | | — | | 976 | |
| US$/gold | | | | | | | | | |
| '000 oz – cash flow hedge | 12 | | 12 | | 11 | | 11 | | 9 | | 9 | | 7 | | 2 | | 73 | |
| Average US$/oz | 1 561 | | 1 606 | | 1 723 | | 1 799 | | 1 911 | | 1 867 | | 1 826 | | 1 861 | | 1 743 | |
| Total gold | | | | | | | | | |
| '000 oz | 91 | | 84 | | 74 | | 63 | | 47 | | 14 | | 7 | | 2 | | 382 | |
| US$/silver | | | | | | | | | |
| '000 oz | 365 | | 335 | | 315 | | 285 | | 285 | | 270 | | 155 | | 45 | | 2 055 | |
| Average Floor - US$/oz | 18.61 | | 19.52 | | 20.05 | | 20.43 | | 24.39 | | 25.97 | | 25.98 | | 26.30 | | 21.72 | |
| Average Cap - US$/oz | 20.26 | | 21.35 | | 22.05 | | 22.49 | | 27.02 | | 29.00 | | 29.24 | | 29.52 | | 23.99 | |
Refer to note 39 for the details on the fair value measurements.
20 TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Financial assets | | |
| Trade receivables (metals) | 738 | | 623 | |
| Other trade receivables | 292 | | 215 | |
| Loss allowance | (179) | | (135) | |
| Trade receivables - net | 851 | | 703 | |
| Interest and other receivables | 111 | | 88 | |
| | | |
| Employee receivables | 17 | | 13 | |
| Non-financial assets | | |
| Prepayments | 131 | | 79 | |
| Value added tax and general sales tax | 505 | | 425 | |
| Income and mining taxes | 37 | | — | |
| Total trade and other receivables | 1 652 | | 1 308 | |
The movement in the loss allowance for trade and other receivables during the year was as follows (refer to note 39 for details):
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 135 | | 68 | |
| Increase in loss allowance recognised during the year | 64 | | 103 | |
| Reversal of loss allowance during the year | (20) | | (36) | |
| | | |
| Balance at end of year | 179 | | 135 | |
The loss allowance for 2021 includes R80 million (2020: R53 million) relating to a mining company who is in financial difficulties due to the impact of the South African national lockdown as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The remaining movement relates to various other individually immaterial debtors.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
20 TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES continued
The loss allowance for trade and other receivables stratified according to the ageing profile at the reporting date is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | Gross | Loss
allowance |
| 30 June 2021 | | |
| Not past due1 | 828 | | 26 | |
| Past due by 1 to 30 days | 26 | | 9 | |
| Past due by 31 to 60 days | 13 | | 5 | |
| Past due by 61 to 90 days | 14 | | 6 | |
| Past due by more than 90 days | 68 | | 62 | |
| Past due by more than 361 days | 81 | | 71 | |
| | 1 030 | | 179 | |
| 30 June 2020 | | |
| Not past due1 | 702 | | 31 | |
| Past due by 1 to 30 days | 9 | | 3 | |
| Past due by 31 to 60 days | 5 | | 3 | |
| Past due by 61 to 90 days | 21 | | 8 | |
| Past due by more than 90 days | 51 | | 45 | |
| Past due by more than 361 days | 50 | | 45 | |
| | 838 | | 135 | |
1 The gross amount includes the full trade receivables (metals) balance, which has no attributable loss allowance.
During 2020 and 2021 there was no renegotiation of the terms of any of the receivables. As at 30 June 2021 and 30 June 2020, there was no collateral pledged or held for any of the receivables.
21 INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
The investments in associates are evaluated for impairment by comparing the entire carrying value of the investment (including loans to associates and preference shares) to the recoverable amount, which is the higher of value in use or fair value less costs to sell. Discounted cash flow models are used to calculate the net present value of the investments. The cash flows in the models include expected interest and capital payments on loans, dividends, redemption amounts and proceeds on disposal.
(a) Harmony acquired a 32.40% interest in Pamodzi on 27 February 2008, initially valued at R345 million. Pamodzi was listed on the JSE and had interests in operating gold mines in South Africa. Pamodzi was placed in liquidation in March 2009. As at 30 June 2021, the liquidation process has not been concluded. Refer to note 18(a) for details of the loan and provision of impairment of the loan.
(b) Rand Refinery provides precious metal smelting and refining services in South Africa. Harmony holds a 10.38% share in Rand Refinery. This investment is a strategic investment for the group as Rand Refinery is the only company that provides such services in South Africa. Although the group holds less than 20% of the equity shares of Rand Refinery, the group is able to exercise significant influence by virtue of having a right to appoint a director on the board. Through the 10.38% shareholding and the right to appoint a director on the board, the investment has been accounted for as an associate.
In December 2014, Rand Refinery drew down on a shareholder's loan of which Harmony's portion thereof was R120 million. Following an amended loan agreement signed in June 2017, the loan was converted into cumulative redeemable preference shares of no par value. During 2021, Rand Refinery redeemed preference shares to the value of R36 million (2020: R58 million). The preference shares have been fully redeemed in the 2021 financial year.
Rand Refinery has a 31 August financial year-end.
The movement in the investments in associates during the year is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 146 | | 110 | |
| Redemption of preference shares | (36) | | (58) | |
| Dividend received | (67) | | — | |
| Share of profit in associate | 83 | | 94 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Balance at end of year | 126 | | 146 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
22 INVESTMENT IN JOINT OPERATIONS
The group has a 50% interest in certain mining and exploration assets located in the Morobe province, PNG. Newcrest Mining Limited owns the remaining 50% interest in these assets. The asset in the joint arrangement is the Wafi-Golpu project. The joint arrangement is accounted for as a joint operation.
State participation
Under the conditions of the Wafi-Golpu exploration tenements, the State has reserved the right prior to the commencement of mining to take up an equity interest of up to 30% of any mineral discovery within the Wafi-Golpu tenements. The right is exercisable by the State once at any time prior to the commencement of mining. If the State exercises this right, the exercise price is a pro-rata share of the accumulated exploration expenditure. Once the right is exercised, the State is responsible for its proportionate share of ongoing exploration and project development costs. During February 2012, the State indicated its intention to exercise its option. As at 30 June 2021, this option has not been exercised.
Permitting
Following submission of the Special Mining Lease (SML) and Environmental Impact Statement (which is required for an Environment Permit) applications to the regulators in March 2018 and July 2018 respectively, the Wafi-Golpu joint operation entered into a memorandum of agreement with the Papua New Guinea government (the State) in December 2018, targeting an SML grant by July 2019. There have however been several delays in the process, notwithstanding that the Prime Minister has publicly stated the Wafi-Golpu Project is of national importance and therefore the State’s objective is to progress and conclude the SML and Mine Development Contract (MDC) negotiations as soon as possible. The Environment Permit was granted in December 2020. In March 2021, the Governor of Morobe Province and the Morobe Provincial Government commenced legal proceedings against the State as well as several ministers, seeking judicial review of the grant of an Environment Permit for the Wafi-Golpu Project. In addition, the plaintiffs have applied for interim orders to stay the Environment Permit and restrain the State from granting an SML for the Wafi-Golpu Project. The Wafi-Golpu Joint Venture participants, are not parties to the proceeding. There has been numerous engagements between the various stakeholders during 2021. In July 2021, the State Negotiating Team (SNT) tabled a revised draft term sheet for the Mining Development Contract. The joint venture have responded and is waiting for the SNT for further engagement.Management is confident that the permitting process will continue. Key permitting activities are continuing and are fully resourced.
Carrying amount and impairment considerations
The carrying amount of the project amounts to R2.4 billion (2020: R3.0 billion). The change year on year relates to foreign exchange translation. Management has considered whether the delays constitute a trigger for impairment in terms of IFRS 6. A valuation was done and as sufficient headroom existed, no impairment has been recognised at 30 June 2021.
23 INVENTORIES
Accounting policy
Inventories, which include bullion on hand, gold-in-process, gold in lock-up, ore stockpiles and consumables, are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is assessed at each reporting date and is determined with reference to relevant market prices.
The cost of bullion, gold-in process and gold in lock-up is determined by reference to production cost, including amortisation and depreciation at the relevant stage of production. Ore stockpiles are valued at average production cost. Stockpiles and gold in lock-up are classified as non-current assets where the stockpile's volume exceeds current processing capacity and where a portion of static gold in lock-up is expected to be recovered more than 12 months after balance sheet date.
Gold in-process inventories represent materials that are currently in the process of being converted to a saleable product. In-process material is measured based on assays of the material fed to process and the projected recoveries at the respective plants. In-process inventories are valued at the average cost of the material fed to process attributable to the source material coming from the mine or stockpile plus the in-process conversion costs, including the applicable depreciation relating to the process facility, incurred to that point in the process. Gold in-process includes gold in lock-up which is generally measured from the plants onwards. Gold in lock-up is expected to be extracted when plants are demolished at the end of their useful lives, which is largely dependent on the estimated useful life of the operations feeding the plants.
At the group’s open pit operations, gold in-process represents production in broken ore form.
Consumables are valued at weighted average cost value after appropriate allowances for slow moving and redundant items.
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
Judgement is applied in estimating the provision for stock obsolescence. The provision is recognised on items not considered critical as a percentage of the value of the inventory depending on the period elapsed since the inventory was purchased or issued. Inventory held for longer than five years is written down to zero unless there is sufficient evidence of a recoverable amount.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
23 INVENTORIES continued
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Gold in lock-up | 65 | | 47 | |
| Gold in-process, ore stockpiles and bullion on hand | 1 039 | | 936 | |
| Consumables at weighted average cost (net of provision) | 1 503 | | 1 485 | |
| | | |
| Total inventories | 2 607 | | 2 468 | |
| Non-current portion of gold in lock-up and gold in-process included in Other non-current assets | (65) | | (47) | |
| | | |
| Total current portion of inventories | 2 542 | | 2 421 | |
| | | |
| Included in the balance above is: | | |
| Inventory valued at net realisable value | 65 | | 47 | |
| | | |
During the year, a decrease of R39 million (2020: R51 million increase) to the provision for slow-moving and redundant stock was made. The total provision at 30 June 2021 was R292 million (2020: R331 million). This was partially offset by the inclusion of consumables from the acquisition of the Mponeng operations and related assets.
24 SHARE CAPITAL
Accounting policy
Ordinary shares are classified as equity, incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.
The cost of treasury shares is eliminated against the share capital balance.
Authorised
1 200 000 000 (2020: 1 200 000 000) ordinary shares with no par value.
4 400 000 (2020: 4 400 000) convertible preference shares with no par value.
Issued
616 052 197 (2020: 603 142 706) ordinary shares with no par value. All issued shares are fully paid.
4 400 000 (2020: 4 400 000) convertible preference shares with no par value.
Share issues
Share placing
During June 2020, Harmony conducted a placement of ordinary shares with existing and new institutional investors. A total of 60 278 260 new ordinary shares were placed at a price of R57.50 per share, raising gross proceeds of approximately R3.466 billion. The Placing Shares issued represent, in aggregate, approximately 11.1% of the group's issued ordinary share capital before the Placing. The Placing Price represents a discount of 5.4% to the closing share price on 24 June 2020 and a 3.5% discount to the 30-day volume-weighted average price (VWAP). The Placing Shares rank pari passu in all respects with the existing Harmony ordinary shares, including the right to receive all dividends and other distributions declared, made or paid after the date of issue thereof. The proceeds of the Placing was used by Harmony to discharge the US$200 million cash consideration to acquire AGA's remaining South African assets (refer to note 14). The share issue costs amounted to R83 million.
Accelerated bookbuild
During June 2018, Harmony conducted a placement of 55 055 050 new ordinary shares to qualifying investors through an accelerated bookbuild. ARM subscribed for an additional 11 032 623 shares at R19.12 a share, totalling R211 million, in July 2018. The issue resulted in ARM maintaining its shareholding of 14.29% post the placement of shares. In total, gross proceeds of R1.26 billion were raised to fund part of the outstanding bridge loan raised for the acquisition of the Moab Khotsong operations.
Share issues relating to employee share options
An additional 12 909 491 (2020: 3 023 251) shares were issued to settle the exercise of share options by employees relating to Harmony's management share option schemes. Note 36 sets out the details in respect of the share option schemes.
Convertible preference shares
On 20 February 2019, Harmony issued 4 400 000 convertible preference shares to the Harmony Gold Community Trust. The convertible preference shares carry a minimum annual preference dividend of R2 per share and are convertible into ordinary shares on a 1:1 basis after the tenth anniversary of the date on which the shares were issued. The conversion is at the election of Harmony.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
24 SHARE CAPITAL continued
Treasury shares
Included in the total of issued shares are the following treasury shares:
| | | | | | | | | |
| Number of shares | 2021 | 2020 |
| Ordinary shares | | |
| Lydenburg Exploration Limited1 | 335 | | 335 | |
| Kalgold Share Trust2 | 47 046 | | 47 046 | |
| Harmony ESOP Trust2 | 5 894 081 | | 6 335 629 | |
| Convertible preference shares | | |
| Harmony Gold Community Trust3 | 4 400 000 | | 4 400 000 | |
1 A wholly-owned subsidiary.
2 Trust controlled by the group.
3 The issue of the convertible preference shares did not impact the group's consolidated financial statements as the Harmony Gold Community Trust is controlled by the group.
25 OTHER RESERVES
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Foreign exchange translation reserve (a) | 2 355 | | 3 588 | |
| Hedge reserve (b) | 1 051 | | (3 395) | |
| Share-based payments (c) | 3 106 | | 2 950 | |
| Post-retirement benefit actuarial gain/(loss) (d) | (18) | | (4) | |
| Acquisition of non-controlling interest in subsidiary (e) | (381) | | (381) | |
| Equity component of convertible bond (f) | 277 | | 277 | |
| Repurchase of equity interest (g) | (98) | | (98) | |
| Equity instruments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income (h) | 135 | | 104 | |
| Other | (28) | | (24) | |
| Total other reserves | 6 399 | | 3 017 | |
(a)The balance of the foreign exchange translation reserve movement represents the cumulative translation effect of the group's off-shore operations.
(b)Harmony has entered into gold hedging contracts. Cash flow hedge accounting is applied to these contracts, resulting in the effective portion of the unrealised gains and losses being recorded in other comprehensive income (other reserves). Refer to note 19 for further information.
The reconciliation of the hedge reserve is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | (3 395) | | (214) | |
| Remeasurement of gold hedging contracts | 4 467 | | (3 197) | |
| Unrealised gain/(loss) on gold hedging contracts | 2 992 | | (5 211) | |
| Unrealised losses reclassified to profit or loss as a result of discontinuance of hedge accounting | — | | 235 | |
| Released to revenue on maturity of the gold hedging contracts | 2 296 | | 1 397 | |
| Foreign exchange translation | (39) | | (37) | |
| Deferred taxation thereon | (782) | | 419 | |
| Attributable to non-controlling interest | (21) | | 16 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Balance at end of year | 1 051 | | (3 395) | |
| Attributable to: | | |
| Rand gold hedging contracts | 1 069 | | (3 053) | |
| US dollar gold hedging contracts | (18) | | (342) | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
25 OTHER RESERVES continued
(c)The reconciliation of the movement in the share-based payments is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 2 950 | | 2 764 | |
| Share-based payments expensed (i) | 156 | | 186 | |
| Balance at end of year | 3 106 | | 2 950 | |
(i) The group issues equity-settled instruments to certain qualifying employees under an employee share option scheme and employee share ownership plan (ESOP) to award shares from the company’s authorised but unissued ordinary shares. Equity share-based payments are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date and are expensed over the vesting period, based on the group’s estimate of the shares that are expected to vest. Refer to note 36 for more details.
(d)The actuarial gains or losses related to the post-retirement benefit obligation will not be reclassified to the income statement. The movement is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | (4) | | (19) | |
| Actuarial gain/(loss) | (16) | | 17 | |
| Deferred tax | 2 | | (2) | |
| Balance at end of year | (18) | | (4) | |
(e)On 15 March 2004, Harmony announced that it had made an off-market cash offer to acquire all the ordinary shares, listed and unlisted options of Abelle Limited, held by non-controlling interests. The excess of the purchase price of R579 million over the carrying amount of non-controlling interest acquired, amounting to R381 million, has been accounted for under other reserves.
(f)On 24 May 2004, the group issued a convertible bond. The amount representing the value of the equity conversion component is included in other reserves, net of deferred income taxes. The equity conversion component is determined on the issue of the bonds and is not changed in subsequent periods. The convertible bonds were repaid in 2009.
(g)On 19 March 2010, Harmony Gold Mining Company Limited concluded an agreement with African Vanguard Resources (Proprietary) Limited (AVRD), for the purchase of its 26% share of the mining titles of the Doornkop South Reef. The original sale of the 26% share in the mining titles was accounted for as an in-substance call option by AVRD over the 26% mineral right. The agreement to purchase AVRD's 26% interest during the 2010 financial year was therefore considered to be a repurchase of the option (equity interest). The 26% interest was transferred from AVRD to Harmony in exchange for Harmony repaying the AVRD Nedbank loan and the issue of 2 162 359 Harmony shares. The difference between the value of the shares issued of R152 million, the liability to the AVRD and transaction costs, have been taken directly to equity.
(h)Includes R110 million (2020: R106 million) related to the fair value movement of Harmony's interest in Rand Mutual Assurance. Refer to note 18.
Accounting policy – provisions (applicable to notes 26, 27, and 30)
Provisions are recognised when the group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events where it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made.
The amount recognised as a provision is the net present value of the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at balance sheet date. It is calculated using a pre-tax rate that reflects the current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The estimate takes into account the associated risks and uncertainties. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.
Provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, the provision is reversed.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
26 PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION
Accounting policy
Estimated long-term environmental obligations, comprising pollution control, rehabilitation and mine closure, are based on the group’s environmental management plans in compliance with current technological, environmental and regulatory requirements.
Based on disturbances to date, the net present value of expected rehabilitation cost estimates is recognised and provided for in full in the financial statements. The estimates are reviewed annually and are discounted using a pre-tax risk-free rate that is adjusted to reflect the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation.
Annual changes in the provision consist of finance costs relating to the change in the present value of the provision and inflationary increases in the provision estimate, as well as changes in estimates. The present value of environmental disturbances created is capitalised to mining assets against an increase in the rehabilitation provision. If a decrease in the liability exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, the excess is recognised immediately in the income statement. If the asset value is increased and there is an indication that the revised carrying value is not recoverable, impairment is performed in accordance with the accounting policy dealing with impairments of non-financial assets (refer to note 2.5). Rehabilitation projects undertaken included in the estimates are charged to the provision as incurred. The cost of ongoing current programmes to prevent and control pollution is charged against income as incurred. Over time, the liability is increased to reflect an interest element, and the capitalised cost is depreciated over the life of the related asset.
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
Significant judgement is applied in estimating the ultimate rehabilitation cost that will be required in future to rehabilitate the group’s mines, related surface infrastructure and tailings dams. Ultimate cost may significantly differ from current estimates. The following rates were used in the calculation of the provision:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| % | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| South African operations | | | |
| Inflation rate | | | |
| – short term (Year 1) | 5.11 | | 4.50 | | 5.25 | |
| – short term (Year 2) | 4.99 | | 4.50 | | 5.25 | |
| – long term (Year 3 onwards) | 5.25 | | 5.00 | | 5.25 | |
| Discount rates | | | |
| – 12 months | 4.90 | | 3.90 | | 6.50 | |
| – one to five years | 7.30 | | 5.55 | | 6.85 | |
| – six to nine years | 9.00 | | 8.20 | | 8.50 | |
| – ten years or more | 10.30 | | 10.95 | | 9.60 | |
| PNG operations | | | |
| Inflation rate | 6.28 | | 6.28 | | 5.00 | |
| Discount rate | 5.50 | | 5.50 | | 6.25 | |
The group’s mining and exploration activities are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations. The group has made, and expects to make in the future, expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations, but cannot predict the full amount of such future expenditures. Estimated future reclamation costs are based principally on legal and regulatory requirements.
The following is a reconciliation of the total provision for environmental rehabilitation:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 3 408 | | 3 054 | |
| Change in estimate – Balance sheet1 | (774) | | (48) | |
| Change in estimate – Income statement | 135 | | 47 | |
| Utilisation of provision | (15) | | (47) | |
| Time value of money and inflation component of rehabilitation costs | 296 | | 194 | |
| Acquisitions2 | 1 856 | | — | |
| Translation | (244) | | 208 | |
| Balance at end of year | 4 662 | | 3 408 | |
1 The extension of the life-of-mine for Moab Khotsong following the approval of the Zaaiplaats project impacted the discounting of the cash flows, which reduced the provision at 30 June 2021. Also contributing to the movement are the changes applied to the assumptions for Mponeng and the VR and WW closure businesses following the acquisition.
2 This relates to the acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets.
The environmental provision for PNG amounts to R1 084 million (2020: R1 267 million) and is unfunded due to regulations in the operating country.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
26 PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION continued
While the ultimate amount of rehabilitation costs to be incurred in the future is uncertain, the group has estimated that, based on current environmental and regulatory requirements, the total undiscounted cost for the operations, in current monetary terms, is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Future net undiscounted obligation | | |
| Ultimate estimated rehabilitation cost | 6 959 | | 4 600 | |
| Amounts invested in environmental trust funds (refer to note 17) | (5 064) | | (3 513) | |
| Total future net undiscounted obligation | 1 895 | | 1 087 | |
The group's mines are required to comply with the National Environmental Act's (NEMA) financial provision requirements. They are also required to substantively review and align their financial provision in accordance with these regulations during the relevant transitional period, which has now been extended to 19 June 2022. The group intends to finance the ultimate rehabilitation costs from the money invested in environmental trust funds as well as the proceeds on the sale of assets and gold from plant clean-up at the time of mine closure. The group has guarantees in place, some cash-backed, relating to some of the environmental liabilities. Refer to notes 17 and 38.
27 OTHER PROVISIONS
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 |
2020 |
| Provision for silicosis settlement (a) | 854 | | 892 | |
| Retirement benefit obligation (b) | 247 | | 193 | |
| Total other provisions | 1 101 | | 1 085 | |
| Current portion of other provisions | 175 | | 175 | |
| Non-current portion of other provisions | 926 | | 910 | |
.
(a)Provision for silicosis settlement
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
Significant judgement is applied in estimating the cost that will be required in future to settle any claims against certain of the group’s mines. The ultimate cost may differ from current estimates.
The provision amount was based on estimates of the number of potential claimants, levels of disease progression and take-up rates. These estimates were informed by historic information, published academic research and professional opinion. The key assumptions that were made in the determination of the provision amount include:
•Silicosis prevalence rates;
•Estimated settlement per claimant;
•Benefit take-up rates;
•Disease progression rates; and
•Timing of cash flows.
A discount rate of 6.2% (2020: 7.6%) (2019: 8.5%) was used, based on South African government bonds with similar terms to the obligation.
There is uncertainty with regards to the rate at which potential claims would be reported as well as the benefit take-up rates. Refer to sensitivity analysis on the key assumptions below.
Harmony and certain of its subsidiaries (Harmony group), together with other mining companies, were named in a class action suit for silicosis and tuberculosis which was certified by the Johannesburg High Court in May 2016. On 26 July 2019, the Johannesburg High Court approved the R5.2 billion settlement of the silicosis and tuberculosis class action suit between the Occupational Lung Disease Gold Working Group (the Working Group) – representing Gold Fields, African Rainbow Minerals, Anglo American SA, AngloGold Ashanti, Harmony and Sibanye Stillwater – and lawyers representing affected mineworkers (settlement agreement). The mandatory three-month period, during which potential beneficiaries could opt out of the settlement agreement and the audit thereof was completed in December 2019. The Tshiamiso Trust will oversee the tracking and tracing of class members, process all submitted claims, including the undertaking of benefit medical examinations, and pay benefits to eligible claimants. A jointly controlled Special Purpose Vehicle has been set up to act as an agent for the Working Group in relation to certain matters set out in the settlement agreement and trust deed.
The Working Group has paid the legal costs of the claimants’ attorneys and other initial amounts as set out in the settlement agreement. On 31 January 2020, the Working Group commenced the payment of their quarterly administration and benefit contributions to the Tshiamiso Trust to enable the trustees to settle benefits of eligible claimants.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
27 OTHER PROVISIONS continued
(a)Provision for silicosis settlement continued
Harmony has provided for the estimated cost of the settlement based on actuarial assessments. A portion of the provision has been transferred to current liabilities. The nominal amount for Harmony group is R1 billion.
Effective 1 October 2020, Harmony acquired the Mponeng operations and related assets. Refer to note 14 for further information on the acquisition. The transaction excluded the silicosis obligation prior to the effective date.
The following is a reconciliation of the total provision for the silicosis settlement:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 892 | | 942 | |
| Change in estimate | 80 | | 36 | |
| Time value of money and inflation component | 52 | | 69 | |
| Payments to Tshiamiso Trust and claimant attorneys | (170) | | (155) | |
| Balance at end of year | 854 | | 892 | |
| Current portion of silicosis settlement provision | 175 | | 175 | |
| Non-current portion of silicosis settlement provision | 679 | | 717 | |
Sensitivity analysis
Management has considered the information available regarding key assumptions, as well as the uncertainties and term of the projections, and determined variances for a reasonable (possible) range to apply to the key assumptions. Information considered included medical data and evidence from the silicosis claim process, which has not changed significantly since the liability was recognised. Management also considered the guidance provided by the actuarial specialists as to what could be a reasonably possible change for each item. The impact of these reasonable possible changes on the assumptions would increase or decrease the provision amount by the following amounts:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Effect of an increase in the assumption: | | |
| Change in benefit take-up rate1 | 85 | | 72 | |
| Change in silicosis prevalence2 | 85 | | 72 | |
| Change in disease progression rates3 | 42 | | 36 | |
| Effect of a decrease in the assumption: | | |
| Change in benefit take-up rate1 | (85) | | (72) | |
| Change in silicosis prevalence2 | (85) | | (72) | |
| Change in disease progression rates3 | (42) | | (36) | |
1Change in benefit take-up rate: the take-up rate does not significantly affect the administration fees, but a 10% change results in a proportionate change in the base compensation values.
2Change in the silicosis prevalence: the assumptions that will result in a change in the estimated number of cases are either a 10% change in the assumed labour numbers or a 10% change in the disease risk.
3Change in disease progression rates: a 10% shorter/longer disease progression period was used, which results in more advanced silicosis cases. This assumption is not applicable to the dependant or TB classes.
The above sensitivity analysis is based on a change in an assumption while holding all other assumptions constant. In practice, this is unlikely to occur, and changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated. A change in the settlement claim amount would result in a change in the provision amount on a Rand for Rand basis.
The ultimate outcome of this matter remains uncertain, with the number of eligible potential claimants successfully submitting claims and receiving compensation being uncertain. The provision recorded in the financial statements is consequently subject to adjustment or reversal in the future.
(b)Retirement benefit obligation
Accounting policy
The group provides medical cover to current employees and certain retirees through certain funds. The medical accounting costs for the defined benefit plan are assessed using the projected unit credit method. The health care obligation is measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows using government bond interest rates consistent with the terms and risks of the obligation. Actuarial gains and losses as a result of these valuations are recognised in other comprehensive income (OCI) at revaluation date. Actuarial gains and losses recognised in OCI will not be recycled to profit or loss. The future liability for current and retired employees and their dependants is accrued in full based on actuarial valuations obtained annually.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
27 OTHER PROVISIONS continued
(b)Retirement benefit obligation continued
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
An updated actuarial valuation is carried out at the end of each financial year. Assumptions used to determine the liability include a discount rate of 11.2%, no increases in employer subsidies (in terms of the agreement), mortality rates according to the SA 1956/62 mortality table (SA “”a mf”” tables) (retirement age of 60) and a medical inflation rate of 8.5% (2020: discount rate of 11.2%, retirement age of 60 and 8.5% inflation rate) (2019: discount rate of 9.7%, retirement age of 60 and 7.8% inflation rate). Management determined the discount rate by assessing South African government bonds with similar terms to the liability. The changes to the discount rate and medical inflation rate are similar to changes in interest and inflation rates in South Africa.
Pension and provident funds
The group contributes to several pension and provident funds governed by the Pension Funds Act, 1956 for the employees of its South African subsidiaries. The pension funds are multi-employer defined contribution industry plans. The group’s liability is therefore limited to its monthly determined contributions. The provident funds are funded on a “monetary accumulative basis” with the member’s and employer’s contributions having been fixed in the constitution of the funds. The Australian group companies make contributions to each employee’s superannuation (pension) funds in accordance with the Superannuation Guarantee Scheme (SGS). The SGS is a Federal Government initiative enforced by law which compels employers to make regular payments to regulated funds providing for each employee on their retirement. The SGS was set at a minimum of 9.5% of gross salary and wages for the 2021 year (2020: 9.5%). The fund is a defined contribution plan. The PNG Superannuation Act 2002 requires a compulsory employer contribution of 8.4% (2020: 8.4%) into an approved superannuation (pension) fund if an employee is appointed for a period of three months or more. The approved superannuation funds are defined contribution plans.
Substantially all the group’s employees are covered by the above mentioned retirement benefit plans. Funds contributed by the group for the 2021 financial year amounted to R929 million (2020: R842 million).
Post-retirement benefits other than pensions
Harmony inherited post-retirement medical benefit obligations with the Freegold acquisition in 2002 and the Moab Khotsong acquisition in 2018. In 2021, following the acquisition of the Mponeng operations and related assets, Harmony inherited the post-retirement medical benefit obligation of the Mponeng operation. Refer to note 14 for further details on the acquisition. Except for the abovementioned employees, Harmony has no other post-retirement benefit obligation for the other group employees.
The group’s obligation is to pay a subsidy of 2% for every completed year of employment up to a maximum of 50% of total medical aid contributions, commencing on date of retirement. Should the employee die, either in service or after retirement, this benefit will transfer to his/her dependants. The medical aid tariffs are based on the Bestmed medical scheme (Bestmed) options.
The principal actuarial assumptions used to determine the present value of unfunded obligations are discussed above. In addition, the following was also considered:
•It is assumed that all Continuation and Widow Members (CAWMs) will remain on the current benefit option and income band. For employed members, post-employment contributions were assumed to be equal to the average payable for the current CAWMs membership;
•It is assumed that not all employed members will remain employed until retirement therefore estimated resignation and ill-health retirement rates are also taken into account;
•It is assumed that 90% of employed members will be married at retirement or earlier death and that wives are four years younger than their husbands.
Through the post-employment medical plan, the group is exposed to a number of risks, the most significant of which are discussed below:
•Change in bond yields: A decrease in the bond yields will increase the plan liability.
•Inflation risk: The obligation is linked to inflation and higher inflation will lead to a higher liability.
•Life expectancy: The obligation is to provide benefits for the life of the member, so increases in life expectancy will result in an increase in the plan’s liabilities.
The liability is unfunded and will be settled out of cash and cash equivalents when it becomes due. The liability is based on an actuarial valuation conducted during the year ended 30 June 2021, using the projected unit credit method. The next actuarial valuation will be performed on 30 June 2022.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
27 OTHER PROVISIONS continued
(b) Retirement benefit obligation continued
Post-retirement benefits other than pensions continued
. | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Present value of all unfunded obligations | 247 | | 193 | |
| Current employees | 99 | | 56 | |
| Retired employees | 148 | | 137 | |
| | | |
| The movement in the retirement benefit obligation is as follows: | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 193 | | 201 | |
| Acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets | 27 | | — | |
| Contributions paid | (12) | | (12) | |
| Other expenses included in staff costs/current service cost | 1 | | 2 | |
| Finance costs | 22 | | 19 | |
| Net actuarial (gain)/loss recognised in other comprehensive income during the year | 16 | | (17) | |
| | | |
| Balance at end of year (non-current) | 247 | | 193 | |
The net actuarial loss for 2021 mainly resulted from the shortfall related to the take-on of the Mponeng operation medical benefit obligation. (2020: net actuarial gain was mainly due to an increased discount rate as well as a decline in members).
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| The net liability of the defined benefit plan is as follows: | | |
| Present value of defined benefit obligation | 247 | | 193 | |
| Fair value of plan assets | — | | — | |
| | | |
| Net liability of defined benefit plan | 247 | | 193 | |
Management considered whether a reasonably possible change in any of the key assumptions would have a material impact on the obligation, service cost or finance costs. It was determined that changes would result in an immaterial increase or decrease.
The group expects to contribute approximately R14 million to the benefit plan in 2022. The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligation is 12.5 years.
28 LEASES
Accounting policy
The group assesses the presence of a lease in a contract as at the commencement date of the agreement. Having determined that a contract contains a lease asset (and respective contractual cash obligations), Harmony recognises a right-of-use asset and lease liability. The group discloses expensed amounts for contracts assessed as variable leases, low value asset leases and short-term leases. The disclosed value of these expensed leases is either determined on a straight-line basis over the duration of the lease or on a systematic basis that fairly indicates the consumption of the lease contract. All expensed lease contracts are recognised in production costs, corporate, administration and other expenditure in the income statement.
The group applies the following practical expedients when assessing lease contracts:
•The low value lease exemption - the group has elected to take the low value exemption with a value of R50 000 for the individual leased asset value and also applied its accounting policy on capitalisation of assets based on IAS 1 materiality assessment;
•The short-term lease exemption - leases with a duration of less than a year will be expensed in the income statement on a straight-line basis; and
•Non-lease components - the group has applied the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components from lease components, and instead account for each lease component and any associated non-lease components as a single lease component for the classes of the underlying asset where it is appropriate to do so.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be readily determined, the group uses its incremental borrowing rate. The group has applied the IFRS 16 portfolio approach in determining the discount rate for leases. As such a single discount rate has been used for contracts that share similar characteristics. The group has determined that a portfolio of contracts that are denominated in the same currency may use a single discount rate. This rate has been determined using various factors including in-country borrowings as well as other sources of finance. The nature of the right-of-use assets was also considered.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
28 LEASES continued
Accounting policy continued
Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise:
•Fixed lease payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives;
•Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate, initially measured using the index or rate at the commencement date;
•The amount expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees;
•The exercise price of purchase options, if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise the options; and
•Payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the exercise of an option to terminate the lease.
The non-current and current portions of the lease liability is included in other non-current liabilities and trade and other payables in the balance sheet respectively.
The lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made. The group remeasures the lease liability (and makes a corresponding adjustment to the related right-of-use asset) whenever:
•The lease term has changed or there is a change in the assessment of exercise of a purchase option, in which case the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate;
•The lease payments change due to changes in an index or rate or a change in expected payment under a guaranteed residual value, in which cases the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using the initial discount rate (unless the lease payments change is due to a change in a floating interest rate, in which case a revised discount rate is used).
•A lease contract is modified and the lease modification is not accounted for as a separate lease, in which case the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using a revised discount rate.
The right-of-use assets comprise the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments made at or before the commencement day, any initial direct costs and restoration costs as described below. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
The lease term shall be determined as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with:
•Periods covered by an option to extend the lease if management is reasonably certain to make use of that option; and/or
•Periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if management is reasonably certain not to make use of that option.
Whenever the group incurs an obligation for costs to dismantle and remove a leased asset, restore the site on which it is located or restore the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease, a provision is recognised and measured under IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. The costs are included in the related right-of-use asset, unless those costs are incurred to produce inventories.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. If a lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the group expects to exercise a purchase option, the related right-of-use asset is depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset. The depreciation starts at the commencement date of the lease.
The right-of-use assets are presented in the property, plant and equipment line in the balance sheet. The group applies its existing accounting policy on impairment of non-financial assets to determine whether a right-of-use asset is impaired and accounts for any identified impairment loss accordingly.
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
Key judgements applied in determining the right-of-use assets and lease liability were:
•Assessing whether an arrangement contains a lease: various factors are considered, including whether a service contract includes the implicit right to the majority of the economic benefit from assets used in providing the service;
•Determining the lease term: management considers all facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive to exercise an extension option, or not exercise a termination option. Extension options (or periods after termination options) are only included in the lease term if the lease is reasonably certain to be extended (or not terminated). The assessment is reviewed if a significant event or a significant change in circumstances occurs which affects this assessment and that is within the control of the lessee. The company applies the considerations for short-term leases where leases are modified to extend the period by 12 months or less on expiry and these modifications are assessed on a standalone basis; and
•Determining the discount rate: in determining the incremental borrowing rates, management considers the term of the lease, the nature of the asset being leased, in country borrowings as well as other sources of finance.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
28 LEASES continued
The movement in the right-of-use assets is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 151 | | — | |
| Impact of adopting IFRS 16 at 1 July 2019 | — | | 81 | |
| Acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets1 | 11 | | — | |
| Additions | 174 | | 106 | |
| Modifications | 35 | | — | |
| Depreciation | (80) | | (45) | |
| Terminations | (1) | | (8) | |
| Translation | (28) | | 17 | |
| Balance at end of year | 262 | | 151 | |
1Refer to note 14 for further information on the acquisition.
The non-current and current portions of the lease liability is included in other non-current liabilities and trade and other payables in the balance sheet respectively.
The movement in the lease liabilities is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 141 | | — | |
| Impact of adopting IFRS 16 at 1 July 2019 | — | | 81 | |
| Acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets1 | 40 | | — | |
| Additions | 135 | | 93 | |
| Modifications | 35 | | — | |
| Interest expense on lease liabilities | 13 | | 8 | |
| Lease payments made | (80) | | (46) | |
| Terminations | (1) | | (8) | |
| Translation | (22) | | 13 | |
| Balance at end of year | 261 | | 141 | |
| Current portion of lease liabilities | 107 | | 60 | |
| Non-current portion of lease liabilities | 154 | | 81 | |
1Refer to note 14 for further information on the acquisition.
The maturity of the group's undiscounted lease payments is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Less than and including one year | 112 | | 67 | |
| Between one and five years | 225 | | 86 | |
| Five years and more | — | | — | |
| Total | 337 | | 153 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
28 LEASES continued
The amounts included in the income statement relating to leases:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Depreciation of right-of-use assets1 | 80 | | 45 | |
| Interest expense on lease liabilities2 | 13 | | 8 | |
| Short-term leases expensed3, 4 | 187 | | 96 | |
| Leases of low value assets expensed3 | 15 | | 19 | |
| Variable lease payments expensed3, 5 | 883 | | 690 | |
1Included in depreciation and amortisation.
2Included in finance costs.
3Included in production costs and corporate, administration and other expenditure.
4The amount includes leases that expire within 12 months of adoption as management elected the short-term expedient.
5These payments relate mostly to mining and drilling contracts. Variable lease payments made comprise 76% of the total lease payments made during the period. The majority of the variable lease payments made relate to the contracting of specialists for mining operations at Harmony's open-pit mines and are determined on a per tonne or square metre basis.
The total cash outflows for leases are:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Lease payments made for lease liabilities | 80 | | 46 | |
| Short-term lease payments | 187 | | 96 | |
| Lease payments of low value assets leased | 15 | | 19 | |
| Variable lease payments | 883 | | 690 | |
| Total cash outflows for leases | 1 165 | | 850 | |
29 CONTINGENT CONSIDERATION
Accounting policy
The contingent consideration liability was initially recognised at fair value on 1 October 2020 in accordance with IFRS 3. The liability was included as part of the consideration transferred for the acquisition of the Mponeng operations and related assets (refer to note 14 for further disclosure on the acquisition). Changes in the fair value of the liability subsequent to initial recognition are included in other operating expenses.
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
The contingent consideration liability was initially valued using the discounted cash flow valuation method, discounted at a post-tax real rate of 10.6%.Other assumptions are the forecast Rand/US dollar exchange rate and life-of-mine plans. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assumptions applied for the valuation of the liability were updated. As at 30 June 2021, the contingent consideration was valued using a post-tax real discount rate of 10.3%. Refer to note 15 for R/US$ exchange rates used in the valuation as at 30 June 2021. The fair value calculated for the contingent consideration is level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of unobservable inputs. At both 1 October 2020 and 30 June 2021, the contingent consideration attributable to the below infrastructure ounces of gold was valued at Rnil.
The movement in the contingent consideration liability is as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 |
| Balance as at 1 October 2020 - initial recognition | 544 | |
| Remeasurement of contingent consideration1 | (127) | |
| Balance as at 30 June 2021 | 417 | |
1 The remeasurement of the liability relates primarily to a change in the production profile, which is based on Harmony's life-of-mine plan at 30 June 2021.
30 OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Sibanye Beatrix ground swap royalty1 | 19 | | 15 | |
| Lease liability - non-current2 | 154 | | 81 | |
| Provision for Harmony Education Benefit Fund | 5 | | 5 | |
| Total non-current liabilities | 178 | | 101 | |
1The increase is mainly due to the estimated gold allocation increasing from 1 862 kg to 2 068 kg based on approved life-of-mine plans.
2Refer to note 28 for an analysis of the lease liability.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
31 STREAMING ARRANGEMENTS
Streaming arrangement with Franco-Nevada Barbados
Harmony's subsidiary, Chemwes, which owns the Mine Waste Solutions operation (MWS), has a contract with Franco-Nevada Barbados (Franco-Nevada). Franco-Nevada is entitled to receive 25% of all the gold produced through MWS. As part of the acquisition of MWS (refer to note 14), Harmony assumed the obligations enforced by the Franco-Nevada contract.
The contract is a streaming agreement that commenced on 17 December 2008 for which Franco-Nevada paid US$125 million upfront for the right to purchase 25% of the gold production through MWS for a fixed amount of consideration until the balance of gold cap is delivered. As at 1 October 2020, the US$125 million upfront payment has been settled. The gold cap is a provision included in the contract, which stipulates the maximum quantity of gold to be sold to Franco-Nevada over the term of the agreement. The consideration is determined as the lower of the quoted spot gold price as per the London Metals Exchange or US$400 per ounce adjusted with an annual escalation adjustment.
Harmony does not have an existing streaming arrangement and therefore a new accounting policy was developed for the classification and measurement of the transaction.
Accounting policy
The streaming contract was assessed and has been accounted for as an own-use customer contract. At acquisition, the Franco-Nevada contract was initially recognised at a fair value (refer to note 14) of R1.4 billion in accordance with IFRS 3. The fair value of the contract took into consideration the existing unfavourable gold price terms at acquisition, in relation to the comparative market gold price.
The obligation to deliver the contractually stipulated ounces over the remaining term of the agreement results in a significant financing component. The interest accrues on the contract liability over the remaining contractual term. As the performance obligation to deliver gold is met, the contract liability unwinds into revenue classified as "consideration from streaming contract" in note 5.
The current portion of the liability is determined with reference to the current production profile of MWS for the next 12 months.
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
Refer to note 14 for the critical estimates and judgements relating to the initial recognition of the streaming contract liability. Changes in the production plan will affect the subsequent measurement prospectively. This is the only input that is considered for subsequent measurement. Harmony's cost of debt of 7.7% was used to impute the finance cost for the significant financing component recognised on the streaming contract liability.
Contract liability and gold delivered
As at 1 October 2020, the balance of gold ounces to be delivered to Franco-Nevada amounted to 100 686oz. Subsequent to 1 October 2020, 16 257oz had been delivered to Franco-Nevada, bringing the balance of gold ounces to be delivered as at 30 June 2021 to 84 429oz.
The contract price receivable in US$/oz for each ounce of gold delivered is as follows:
•1 October 2020 – 16 December 2020: US$433/oz
•17 December 2020 – 30 June 2021: US$437/oz
Reconciliation of the streaming contract liability:
| | | | | | |
| | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 |
| Balance at 1 October 2020 – initial recognition | 1 417 | |
| Finance costs related to significant financing component | 71 | |
| Non-cash consideration for delivery of gold ounces (included in Revenue) | (397) | |
| Balance as at 30 June 2021 | 1 091 | |
| – Current | 396 | |
| – Non-current | 695 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
Accounting policy – financial liabilities (applicable to notes 32 and 33)
Financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value when the group becomes a party to their contractual arrangements. Transaction costs are included in the initial measurement of financial liabilities, except for financial liabilities classified at fair value through profit or loss. The subsequent measurement of financial liabilities is discussed below. A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled or expires. The group classifies financial liabilities as follows:
•Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value net of transaction costs incurred and subsequently measured at amortised cost, comprising original debt less principal payments and amortisation, using the effective yield method. Any difference between proceeds (net of transaction cost) and the redemption value is recognised in the income statement over the period of the borrowing using the effective interest rate method.
Fees paid on the establishment of the loan facilities are capitalised as a pre-payment and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates, to the extent it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is expensed.
Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date.
•Trade and other payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Payables are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within a year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
32 BORROWINGS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Summary of facilities' terms |
| | Commenced | Tenor (Years) | Matures | Secured | Security | Interest
payment basis | Interest charge | Repayment term | Repaid |
| Existing | | | | | | | | | |
| R2 billion facility | November 2018 | Four | November 2022 | Yes | Cession and pledge of operating subsidiaries' shares and claims | Variable | | | n/a |
| - R600 million term loan | | | | | | | JIBAR + 2.9% | Eight equal quarterly instalments starting from February 2021 with the final instalment on maturity | |
| - R1.4 billion revolving credit facility | | | | | | | JIBAR + 2.8% | On maturity | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| US$400 million facility | September 2019 | Three | September 20231 | Yes | Cession and pledge of operating subsidiaries' shares and claims | Variable | | On maturity | n/a |
| - US$200 million revolving credit facility | | Extendable by 1 year | | | | | LIBOR + 2.9% | | |
| - US$200 million term loan | | | | | | | LIBOR + 3.1% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| US$24 million Westpac loan | July
2018 | Four | July
2022 | Yes | Cession and pledge of vehicles and machinery | Variable | LIBOR + 3.2% | Quarterly instalments | n/a |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Matured | | | | | | | | | |
| US$350 million facility | July
2017 | Three | July
2020 | Yes | Cession and pledge of operating subsidiaries' shares and claims | Variable | | On maturity | October 2019 |
| - US$175 million revolving credit facility | | | | | | | LIBOR + 3.00% | | |
| - US$175 million term loan | | | | | | | LIBOR + 3.15% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| US$200 million bridge loan | June
2020 | One | June
2021 | Yes | Cession and pledge of operating subsidiaries' shares and claims | Variable | | On maturity | July 20202 |
| | | | | | | First 6 months | LIBOR + 1.80% | | |
| | | | | | | Next 3 months | LIBOR + 2.40% | | |
| | | | | | | Last 3 months | LIBOR + 3.00% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
1The syndicate of lenders for the US$400 million facility agreed to the one year extension during July 2020, extending the maturity date to September 2023.
2This facility was cancelled on 6 July 2020 with no drawdowns having been made.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
32 BORROWINGS continued
Debt covenants
The debt covenant tests for both the Rand and US dollar facilities are as follows:
•The group's interest cover ratio shall be more than five times (EBITDA1/ Total interest paid);
•Tangible Net Worth2 to total net debt ratio shall not be less than four times or six times when dividends are paid;
•Leverage3 shall not be more than 2.5 times.
1Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) as defined in the agreement excludes unusual items such as impairment and restructuring cost.
2Tangible Net Worth is defined as total equity less intangible assets. During June 2020, lenders agreed to relax the Tangible Net Worth to total net debt covenant, from four times to two times, until December 2020, in order to provide flexibility to the group following the disruptions from the Covid-19 pandemic. From 1 January 2021, the covenants reverted to the original position.
3Leverage is defined as total net debt to EBITDA.
No breaches of the covenants were identified during the tests in the 2020 and 2021 financial years. Management believes that it is very likely that the covenant requirements will be met in the foreseeable future given the current earnings and interest levels, as well as the net debt position.
Interest bearing borrowings
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Non-current borrowings | | |
| R2 billion facility | 153 | | 1 351 | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 1 351 | | 1 489 | |
| Draw down | — | | 1 100 | |
| Repayments | (1 050) | | (1 100) | |
| Transferred to current liabilities | (150) | | (150) | |
| Amortisation of issue cost | 2 | | 12 | |
| | | |
| Westpac fleet loan | 22 | | 132 | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 132 | | 194 | |
| Repayments | (96) | | (96) | |
| Transferred from/(to) current liabilities | 18 | | (16) | |
| Translation | (32) | | 50 | |
| | | |
| US$350 million facility | — | | — | |
| Balance at beginning of year | — | | 4 143 | |
| Repayments | — | | (4 465) | |
| Amortisation of issue costs | — | | 24 | |
| Translation | — | | 298 | |
| | | |
| US$400 million facility | 2 799 | | 5 980 | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 5 980 | | — | |
| Draw down | — | | 5 441 | |
| Issue cost | (11) | | (95) | |
| Repayments | (2 347) | | — | |
| Amortisation of issue costs | 39 | | 12 | |
| Translation | (862) | | 622 | |
| | | |
| Total non-current borrowings | 2 974 | | 7 463 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
32 BORROWINGS continued
Interest bearing borrowings continued
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Current borrowings | | |
| R2 billion facility | 300 | | 150 | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 150 | | — | |
| Transferred from non-current liabilities | 150 | | 150 | |
| Westpac fleet loan | 87 | | 105 | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 105 | | 89 | |
| Transferred from/(to) non-current liabilities | (18) | | 16 | |
| | | |
| Total current borrowings | 387 | | 255 | |
| Total interest-bearing borrowings | 3 361 | | 7 718 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| The maturity of borrowings is as follows: | | |
| Current | 387 | | 255 | |
| Between one to two years | 175 | | 405 | |
| Between two to three years | 2 799 | | 7 058 | |
| | 3 361 | | 7 718 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Undrawn committed borrowing facilities | | |
| Expiring within one year | — | | — | |
| Expiring after one year | 4 254 | | 1 366 | |
| | 4 254 | | 1 366 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | 2021 | 2020 |
| Effective interest rates (%) | | |
| R2 billion facility | 6.6 | | 9.3 | |
| Westpac fleet loan | 3.4 | | 4.4 | |
| US$400 million facility | 4.0 | | 3.7 | |
| US$350 million facility | — | | 5.6 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
33 TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
Accounting policy
The group accrues for the cost of the leave days granted to employees during the period in which the leave days accumulate.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Financial liabilities | | |
| Trade payables | 1 269 | | 706 | |
| Lease liability – current1 | 107 | | 60 | |
| Other liabilities | 129 | | 204 | |
| Non-financial liabilities | | |
| Payroll accruals | 847 | | 616 | |
| Leave liabilities (a) | 731 | | 537 | |
| Shaft related liabilities | 928 | | 585 | |
| Other accruals | 211 | | 213 | |
| Value added tax | 163 | | 85 | |
| Income and mining tax | 4 | | — | |
| Total trade and other payables | 4 389 | | 3 006 | |
1Refer to note 28 for an analysis of the lease liability.
The increase is mainly related to the impact of acquiring the Mponeng operations and related assets.
(a) Employee entitlements to annual leave are recognised on an ongoing basis. An accrual is made for the estimated liability for annual leave as a result of services rendered by employees up to the balance sheet date. The movement in the liability recognised in the balance sheet is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 537 | | 540 | |
| Benefits paid | (583) | | (567) | |
| Total expense per income statement | 630 | | 538 | |
| Translation (gain)/loss | (25) | | 26 | |
| Acquisitions1 | 172 | | — | |
| Balance at end of year | 731 | | 537 | |
1Acquisitions of the Mponeng operations and related assets.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
34 CASH GENERATED BY OPERATIONS
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Reconciliation of profit/(loss) before taxation to cash generated by operations | | | |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 6 382 | | (595) | | (2 746) | |
| Adjustments for: | | | |
| Amortisation and depreciation | 3 877 | | 3 508 | | 4 054 | |
| Impairment of assets | 1 124 | | — | | 3 898 | |
| Share-based payments | 160 | | 180 | | 230 | |
| Net decrease in provision for post-retirement benefits | (13) | | (12) | | (12) | |
| Net increase/(decrease) in provision for environmental rehabilitation | 135 | | — | | (53) | |
| Loss on scrapping of property, plant and equipment | 161 | | 62 | | 21 | |
| Profit from associates | (83) | | (94) | | (59) | |
| Investment income | (244) | | (375) | | (308) | |
| ARM BBEE day one expense | (87) | | — | | — | |
| Finance costs | 661 | | 661 | | 575 | |
| Inventory revaluation adjustments | 69 | | (70) | | (166) | |
| Foreign exchange translation difference | (810) | | 989 | | 95 | |
| Non cash portion of gains/losses on derivatives | (1 204) | | 1 382 | | (429) | |
| Day one loss amortisation | (47) | | 40 | | 32 | |
| Streaming contract revenue | (397) | | — | | — | |
| Silicosis settlement provision | (90) | | (119) | | (62) | |
| Gain on bargain purchase | (303) | | — | | — | |
| Contingent consideration remeasurement | (127) | | — | | — | |
| Other non-cash adjustments | (14) | | 22 | | (16) | |
| Effect of changes in operating working capital items | | | |
| (Increase)/decrease in Receivables | (339) | | (349) | | 32 | |
| (Increase)/decrease in Inventories | (37) | | (150) | | (88) | |
| Increase/(decrease) in Payables | 967 | | (49) | | 54 | |
| Cash generated by operations | 9 741 | | 5 031 | | 5 052 | |
Additional cash flow information
The income and mining taxes paid in the statement of cash flow represents actual cash paid less refunds received. Investment income from restricted investments is considered non-cash for the purposes of the cash flow statement. Included in investment income is interest earned from restricted investments of R174 million (2020: R163 million) (2019: R168 million).
At 30 June 2021, R4 254 million (2020: R1 366 million) (2019: R1 277 million) of borrowing facilities had not been drawn and are therefore available for future operational activities and future capital commitments. Refer to note 32.
The share issue costs were accrued at year-end and do not reflect in the financing section of the cash flow.
(a) Acquisitions of investments/business
The conditions precedent for the acquisition of AGA’s remaining South African producing assets and related liabilities were fulfilled on 1 October 2020 and the transaction was completed. Refer to note 14 for details on the consideration paid.
(b) Principal non-cash transactions
Share-based payments (refer to note 36).
(c) Lease payments
Included in the lease payments of R119 million are deposits of R39 million made as part of a lease facility agreement.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
35 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Accounting policy
•Pension, provident and medical benefit plans are funded through monthly contributions. The group pays fixed contributions into a separate entity in terms of the defined contribution pension, provident and medical plans which are charged to the income statement in the year to which they relate. The group's liability is limited to its monthly determined contributions and it has no further liability, legal or constructive, if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employees the benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods. Refer to note 27 for details of the post-retirement medical benefit plan.
•Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated before the normal retirement date, or whenever an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The group recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the group can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of IAS 37, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, and involves the payment of termination benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after balance sheet date are discounted to present value.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | 2021 | 2020 |
| Number of permanent employees as at 30 June: | | |
| South African operations | 36 860 | | 31 504 | |
| International operations1 | 1 599 | | 1 589 | |
| Total number of permanent employees | 38 459 | | 33 093 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Aggregate earnings | | |
| The aggregate earnings of employees including executive directors were: | | |
| Salaries and wages and other benefits (excluding share-based payments) | 14 079 | | 10 540 | |
| Retirement benefit costs | 929 | | 842 | |
| Medical aid contributions | 316 | | 276 | |
| Total aggregated earnings2 | 15 324 | | 11 658 | |
1The Wafi-Golpu joint operation's employees included in the total is 59 (2020: 81).
2These amounts have been included in cost of sales, corporate expenditure and capital expenditure.
The increase year on year relates primarily to the acquisition of the Mponeng operations and related assets. Refer to note 14.
During the 2021 financial year, R371 million (2020: R122 million) was included in the payroll costs for termination costs. Termination costs include the cost relating to the voluntary retrenchment and restructuring process as well as retrenchments due to shaft closures.
36 SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS
Accounting policy
The group operates the following employee share incentive plans where the group granted share options to certain employees in exchange for services received:
•The 2006 equity-settled share-based payments plan (2006 share plan);
•The equity-settled Sisonke Employee Share Ownership Plan (Sisonke ESOP) initially awarded in 2019; and
•The equity-settled Management Deferred Share Plan (DSP) initially awarded in 2020.
Equity-settled share-based payments are measured at fair value that includes market performance conditions but excludes the impact of any service and non-market performance conditions of the equity instruments at the date of the grant. The share-based payments are expensed over the vesting period, based on the group's estimate of the shares that are expected to eventually vest. The group used an appropriate option pricing model in determining the fair value of the options granted. Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to vest. At each balance sheet date, the estimates of the number of options that are expected to become exercisable are revised.
The impact of the revision of original estimates, if any, is recognised in the income statement, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. The proceeds received (if any) net of any directly attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital and premium when the options are exercised.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
36 SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS continued
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
The fair value of options granted under the 2006 plan was determined using a Monte Carlo valuation model. The significant inputs into the model are: vesting period, risk free interest rate, volatility, price on date of grant and dividend yield. There were no options granted under the 2006 plan in the current financial period. The fair value of the options granted under the Sisonke ESOP was based on the Harmony spot share price of R28.29 at grant date as there were no market conditions attached to the grant. The fair value of the first options granted under the DSP was based on the Harmony spot share prices of between R45.89 and R56.87 at grant date as there was no market condition attached to the grant. The fair value of the second options granted under the DSP was based on the Harmony spot share price of R74.90 at grant date as there was no market condition attached to the grant.
Employee share-based payments
The objective of these schemes is to recognise the contributions of employees to the group's financial position and performance and to retain key employees.
The total cost relating to employee share-based payments is made up as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| 2006 share plan | 26 | | 83 | |
| Sisonke ESOP | 61 | | 73 | |
| Management DSP | 69 | | 30 | |
| Total employee share-based payments | 156 | | 186 | |
The directors are authorised to issue up to 60 011 669 ordinary shares to participants who have received awards in accordance with Harmony's employee share incentive schemes. Subsequent to the annual general meeting held on 1 December 2010, 53 482 588 shares have been issued in terms of the various share schemes. At 30 June 2021, no share option awards are outstanding for the 2006 share plan.
In December 2018, the board approved the new Total Incentive Plan for management which includes deferred shares. The first allocations under the new plan occurred in October 2019 with the second allocation occurring in October 2020. Our shareholders have authorised up to 25 000 000 shares of the issued share capital to be used for this plan.
Options granted under the 2006 share plan
The 2006 share plan consists of share appreciation rights (SARs), performance shares (PS) and restricted shares (RS). The share plan is equity-settled.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Award | Vesting | | Performance criteria |
| | | | |
| SARs | SARs will vest in equal thirds in year three, four and five, subject to the performance conditions having been satisfied.
The SARs will have an expiry date of six years from the grant date and the offer price equals the closing market prices of the underlying shares on the trading date immediately preceding the grant. | | 2013 to 2014 allocation: The group's headline earnings per share must have grown since the allocation date by more than the South African Consumer Price Index (CPI). |
| PS | The PS will vest after three years from the grant date, if and to the extent that the performance conditions have been satisfied. | | 2015 to 2017 allocation: •50% of the number of rights awarded are linked to the total shareholder return of the group on an absolute basis. •50% of the number of rights awarded are linked to the total shareholder return of the group as compared to that of the South African gold index. |
| RS | The RS will vest after three years from grant date. | | The participant is still employed within the group. |
Termination of employees' participation in the share plan is based on "no fault" and "fault" definitions.
| | | | | | |
| •Fault | All unvested and unexercised SARs and all PS and RS not yet vested are lapsed and cancelled. |
| •No fault | Accelerated vesting occurs and all unvested and unexercised share options are settled in accordance with the rules of the plan. |
Executive management is encouraged to retain performance shares when they vest and a minimum shareholding requirement has been introduced to achieve this. This shareholding is meant to align shareholder and executive objectives to grow total shareholder return.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
36 SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS continued
Employee share-based payments continued
Options granted under the 2006 share plan continued
Activity on share options
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SARs | PS |
| Activity on options and rights granted but not yet exercised | Number of options and rights | Weighted average option price (SA Rand) | Number of rights |
| For the year ended 30 June 2021 | | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 377 333 | | 18.41 | | 12 415 024 | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Options exercised | (371 008) | | 18.41 | | (11 928 241) | |
| Options forfeited and lapsed | (6 325) | | 18.41 | | (486 783) | |
| Balance at end of year | — | | — | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SARs | PS |
| Activity on options and rights granted but not yet exercised | Number of options and rights | Weighted average
option price
(SA Rand) | Number of rights |
| For the year ended 30 June 2020 | | | |
| Balance at beginning of year | 6 713 044 | | 26.45 | | 21 007 596 | |
| Options exercised | (6 086 252) | | 27.03 | | — | |
| Options forfeited and lapsed | (249 459) | | 23.97 | | (8 592 572) | |
| Balance at end of year | 377 333 | | 18.41 | | 12 415 024 | |
There were no RS balances during the 2021 and 2020 financial years.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SARs | PS |
| Options and rights vested but not exercised at year end | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 |
| Options and rights vested but not exercised | — | | 377 333 | | — | | — | |
| Weighted average option price (SA rand) | n/a | 18.41 | | n/a | n/a |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Gain realised by participants on options and rights traded during the year | 807 | | 142 | |
| Fair value of options and rights exercised during the year | 807 | | 144 | |
Options granted under the Sisonke ESOP
In December 2017 Harmony approved the establishment of the Sisonke ESOP with the aim to facilitate beneficial interest and ownership by non-managerial employees in South Africa (the beneficiaries) of Harmony shares in order to:
•Facilitate economic empowerment of Harmony’s employees;
•Incentivise Harmony’s employees, so as to promote the shared interests of employees and shareholders in the value growth of Harmony; and
•Further align the interests of the Harmony shareholders and those of the employees of Harmony.
The shares were issued to the Harmony ESOP Trust (the Trust) on 15 January 2019 which is also the date on which the required service period of three years commenced. Each beneficiary under the scheme was awarded 225 Participation Units (PU). The Sisonke ESOP is equity-settled.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Award | Vesting | | Performance criteria |
| | | | |
| PU* | The PU will vest after three years from the date on which the service period commenced | | The participant is still employed within the group |
* The term Participation Units means the vested rights of a beneficiary to an equal number of Harmony shares held by the Trust.
Termination of employees' participation in the share scheme is based on "no fault" and "fault" definitions.
| | | | | | |
| •Fault | All unvested and unexercised PU not yet vested are lapsed and cancelled. |
| •No fault | Accelerated vesting occurs and all unvested and unexercised PU are settled in accordance with the rules of the plan. |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
36 SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS continued
Employee share-based payments continued
Options granted under the Sisonke ESOP continued
Activity on share options
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of PU |
| Activity on PU granted but not exercised | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 6 768 562 | | 6 819 025 | |
| Options granted | 106 994 | | 366 960 | |
| Options vested | (441 548) | | (257 271) | |
| Options forfeited and lapsed | (122 341) | | (160 152) | |
| Balance at end of year | 6 311 667 | | 6 768 562 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | 2021 | 2020 |
| Gain realised by participants on options exercised during the year (R'million) | 31 | | 12 | |
| Weighted average share price at the date of exercise (SA Rand) | 70.90 | | 48.21 | |
| Remaining life (years) | 0.5 | 1.5 |
Options granted under the Management Deferred Share Plan
Harmony implemented the Total incentive Plan, comprising a long-term Deferred Share Plan (DSP) and a short-term annual cash payment with effect from 1 July 2019. The total incentive for each management-level employee is determined every year through a balanced scorecard calculation.
The balanced scorecard result includes a number of key short- and long-term company performance measures (to be measured over trailing three- and one-year periods). The measures are reviewed and defined annually with appropriate weightings. A portion of the total incentive is paid immediately in cash and the balance is settled by means of deferred shares.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Award | Vesting | | Performance criteria |
| | | | |
| DS* | The awards will vest at a rate of 20% per annum over the following five years for executive directors and prescribed officers, and one-third per annum over the following three years for qualifying management. | | The participant is still employed within the group |
* Deferred shares
| | | | | | | | | |
| | 2021 | 2020 |
| 18 September 2019 - 3 years | | |
| Gain realised by participants on options exercised during the year (R'million) | 28 | | — | |
| Weighted average share price at the date of exercise (SA Rand) | 87.86 | | — | |
| Remaining life (years) | 1.2 | — |
| 18 September 2019 - 5 years | | |
| Gain realised by participants on options exercised during the year (R'million) | 2 | — |
| Weighted average share price at the date of exercise (SA Rand) | 87.86 | — |
| Remaining life (years) | 3.2 | — |
Activity on share options
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of DS |
| Activity on DS granted but not exercised | 2021 | 2020 |
| Balance at beginning of year | 1 162 152 | | — | |
| Options granted | 1 356 715 | | 1 218 013 | |
| | | |
| Options exercised | (331 466) | | — | |
| Options forfeited and lapsed | (84 878) | | (55 861) | |
| Balance at end of year | 2 102 523 | | 1 162 152 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
36 SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS continued
Employee share-based payments continued
Options granted under the Management Deferred Share Plan continued
Activity on share options continued
| | | | | | | | | |
| List of options granted but not yet exercised (listed by grant date) | Number of options | Remaining life (years) |
| As at 30 June 2021 | | |
| Deferred shares | | |
| 18 September 2019 - 3 years | 595 450 | | 1.2 | |
| 18 September 2019 - 5 years | 232 237 | | 3.2 | |
| 18 September 2020 - 3 years | 895 336 | | 2.2 | |
| 18 September 2020 - 5 years | 379 500 | | 4.2 | |
| Total options granted but not yet exercised | 2 102 523 | | |
37 RELATED PARTIES
None of the directors or major shareholders of Harmony or, to the knowledge of Harmony, their families, had an interest, directly or indirectly, in any transaction from 1 July 2018 or in any proposed transaction that has affected or will materially affect Harmony or its subsidiaries, other than as stated below.
Directors and other key management
Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the group, directly or indirectly, including any director (whether executive or otherwise) of the group.
The directors' remuneration is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | Executive directors | Non-executive directors |
| 2021 | | |
| Salaries | 24 | | — | |
| Retirement contributions | 3 | | — | |
| Bonuses | 16 | | — | |
| Exercise/settlement of share options | 105 | | — | |
| Directors' fees | — | | 13 | |
| | 148 | | 13 | |
| 2020 | | |
| Salaries | 19 | | — | |
| Retirement contributions | 3 | | — | |
| Bonuses | 5 | | — | |
| Exercise/settlement of share options | 9 | | — | |
| Directors' fees | — | | 13 | |
| | 36 | | 13 | |
On 14 August 2020, Ms Shela Mohatla was appointed as Group Company Secretary by the board of directors. At the same time Ms Marian van der Walt was appointed as Senior Group Executive: Enterprise Risk and Investor Relations and has been regarded as a prescribed officer since then.
On 30 September 2020, Harmony announced the resignation of Mr Ken Dicks and Mr Max Sisulu as independent non-executive directors as well as the retirement of Mr Frank Abbott as executive director with effect from 30 September 2020.
On 18 December 2020, Harmony announced the resignation of Ms Grathel Motau as independent non-executive director with effect from
18 December 2020.
On 22 February 2021, Harmony announced the appointment of Mr Peter Turner as independent non-executive director with effect from
19 February 2021.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
37 RELATED PARTIES continued
Directors and other key management continued
The following directors and prescribed officers owned shares in Harmony at year-end:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of shares |
| Name of director/prescribed officer | 2021 | 2020 |
| Directors | | |
| Peter Steenkamp1 | 746 085 | | 512 000 | |
| Boipelo Lekubo1 | 3 581 | | — | |
| Andre Wilkens | 101 301 | | 101 301 | |
| Frank Abbott2 | n/a | 1 142 010 | |
| Harry 'Mashego' Mashego1 | 3 319 | | — | |
| Ken Dicks3 | n/a | 35 000 | |
| Prescribed officers | | |
| Beyers Nel1 | 216 175 | | 42 486 | |
| Philip Tobias1, 4 | 347 462 | | 169 294 | |
| Marian van der Walt1, 5 | 139 356 | | — | |
| Johannes van Heerden1 | 166 156 | | 160 000 | |
1Increase in the 2021 year related to share options that vested and were retained
2Frank Abbott retired as an executive director effective 30 September 2020.
3Ken Dicks resigned as a non-executive director effective 30 September 2020.
4The movement in shares for the 2021 financial year includes the sale of 1 500 ordinary shares in the open market
5Marian van der Walt was appointed as Senior Group Executive: Enterprise Risk and Investor Relations and a prescribed officer effective 14 August 2020
Modise Motloba, Harmony’s deputy chairman, is a director of Tysys Proprietary Limited (Tysys). Tysys entered into a contract with the group during the 2017 financial year to provide services relating to the group’s small and medium enterprise development projects. The contract has a value of up to R5 million per annum. Approximately R5 million (2020: R5 million) was paid during the 2021 financial year relating to services rendered in the current and prior financial years. The contract has a 30-day notice period.
There were no other changes to the directors' interest between the reporting date and the date of the approval of the financial statements other than indicated above.
Other related parties
All the production of the group’s South African operations is sent to Rand Refinery in which Harmony holds a 10.38% interest. Refer to note 21.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Sales and services rendered to related parties | | |
| Joint operations | 3 | | 3 | |
| Total | 3 | | 3 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Purchases and services acquired from related parties | | |
| Directors | 5 | | 5 | |
| Associates | 55 | | 39 | |
| Total | 60 | | 44 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
38 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments and guarantees
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Capital expenditure commitments | | |
| Contracts for capital expenditure | 341 | | 262 | |
| Share of joint operation's contracts for capital expenditure | 32 | | 106 | |
| Authorised by the directors but not contracted for | 7 425 | | 1 314 | |
| Total capital commitments | 7 798 | | 1 682 | |
This expenditure will be financed from existing resources and, where appropriate, borrowings. The increase year on year is due to the inclusion of a number of expansion projects in the life-of-mine plans for the 2022 financial year. These projects include the Zaaiplaats extension at Moab Khotsong, the Kareerand deposition extension at MWS and the Hidden Valley extension.
Contractual obligations in respect of mineral tenement leases amount to R17 million (2020: R19 million). This includes R17 million (2020:19 million) for the Wafi-Golpu joint operation.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Guarantees | | |
| Guarantees and suretyships1 | 481 | | 143 | |
| Environmental guarantees2 | 479 | | 479 | |
| Total guarantees | 960 | | 622 | |
1The increase is due to additional guarantees following the acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets required for power services.
2At 30 June 2021 R146 million (2020: R104 million) has been pledged as collateral for environmental guarantees in favour of certain financial institutions. Refer to note 17.
Contingent liabilities
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
Contingencies will only realise when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The exercise of significant judgement and estimates of the outcome of future events are required during the assessment of the impact of such contingencies.
Litigation and other judicial proceedings as a rule raise difficult and complex legal issues and are subject to uncertainties and complexities including, but not limited to, the facts and circumstances of each particular case, issues regarding the jurisdiction in which the suit is brought and differences in applicable law. Upon resolution of any pending legal matter, the group may be forced to incur charges in excess of the presently established provisions and related insurance coverage. It is possible that the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the group could be materially affected by the outcome of the litigation.
The following contingent liabilities have been identified:
(a) On 1 December 2008, Harmony issued 3 364 675 Harmony shares to Rio Tinto Limited (Rio Tinto) for the purchase of Rio Tinto’s rights to the royalty agreement entered into prior to our acquisition of the Wafi deposits in PNG. The shares were valued at R242 million on the transaction date. An additional US$10 million in cash will be payable when the decision to mine is made. Of this amount, Harmony is responsible for paying the first US$6 million, with the balance of US$4 million being borne equally by the joint operators.
(b) The group may have a potential exposure to rehabilitate groundwater and radiation that may exist where the group has and/or continues to operate. The group has initiated analytical assessments to identify, quantify and mitigate impacts if and when (or as and where) they arise. Numerous scientific, technical and legal studies are underway to assist in determining the magnitude of the contamination and to find sustainable remediation solutions. The group has instituted processes to reduce future potential seepage and it has been demonstrated that Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) by the existing environment will contribute to improvement in some instances. Water treatment facilities were successfully implemented at Doornkop, Tshepong Operations and Kusasalethu. These facilities are now assisting in reducing our dependency on state supplied potable water and will be key in managing any post closure decant should it arise.
In terms of Free State operations, Harmony has taken the initiative to develop a comprehensive regional closure plan in addition to updating the regional water balance, which will ensure that there is sufficient water for our organic growth initiatives. The geohydrological studies confirm that there is no risk of decant in Welkom.
Should the studies result in different solutions than the ones initially proposed, or the regulators do not approve the proposed plans, which then results in the group being required to record and account for the contingencies as liabilities, it could then have a material impact on the financial statements of the group.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
38 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES continued
Contingent liabilities continued
(c) Due to the interconnected nature of mining operations in South Africa, any proposed solution for potential flooding and potential decant risk posed by deep groundwater needs to be a combined one, supported by all the mines located in these goldfields. As a result, the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy and affected mining companies require the development of a regional mine closure strategy.
Harmony operations have conducted a number of specialist studies and the risk of surface decant due to rising groundwater levels has been obviated at the entire Free State region and Kalgold. Additional studies have been commissioned at Doornkop and Kusasalethu. Studies that have been conducted indicate that there is no risk of decant from Doornkop and Kusasalethu, but it is recommended that confirmatory studies be completed. In addition, the decant from the KOSH groundwater system tied with our Moab Khotsong operation has been managed through an appropriate groundwater closure plan and sufficient provision has been set aside for this. Therefore, there is no contingency arising from these operations.
Preliminary studies have also been completed to manage and mitigate the seepage from tailings facilities recently acquired (refer to note 14). Seepage is evident at these facilities and desktop studies have been completed to mitigate the seepage. An initial estimate to manage and mitigate the seepage based on these studies has been considered as part of the fair value exercise in terms of IFRS 3. Further feasibility studies will be conducted to refine these estimates in the future.
Should the additional studies result in different solutions than the ones initially proposed, or the regulators do not approve the proposed plans, it might result in a change in estimate to the recorded liabilities or the group recording liabilities over and above the current provisions.
(d) The individual Harmony mining operations have applied for the respective National Water Act, Section 21 Water Use Licenses (WUL) to the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). The respective Water Use License Applications (WULA’s) have subsequently not yet been approved by DWS except for Kalgold and Kusasalethu. Two WUL have been issued by DWS for Kalgold and Kusasalethu. The remaining WULA’s have not yet been approved by DWS. The WUL conditions for the respective operations are subsequently not yet known and the subsequent potential water resource impact liability as part of the mine rehabilitation and closure process (to which DWS is an important participant and decision maker) is uncertain. The existing WUL for Moab Khotsong, which was recently acquired by Harmony, has already been approved by the DWS. The transferral of the licence and its conditions to Harmony is currently being processed. All operations continue to operate legally and responsibly.
(e) In terms of the sale agreements entered into with Rand Uranium, Harmony retained financial exposure relating to environmental disturbances and degradation caused by it before the effective date, in excess of R75 million of potential claims. Rand Uranium is therefore liable for all claims up to R75 million and retains legal liability. The likelihood of potential claims cannot be determined presently and no provision for any liability has been made in the financial statements.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
39 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
The group's operating activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including commodity price risk, foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and other price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The group may use derivative financial instruments to hedge certain risk exposures.
The group's financial assets and liabilities are classified as set out below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Figures in million (SA Rand) | Debt instruments at amortised cost | Equity instruments designated
at fair value through OCI | Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | Derivatives at fair value through profit or loss | Debt instruments at fair value through profit or loss | Financial liabilities at amortised cost |
| At 30 June 2021 | | | | | | |
| Financial assets | | | | | | |
| Restricted cash and investments | 3 656 | | 252 | | — | | — | | 1 391 | | — | |
| Other non-current assets | 16 | | 74 | | — | | — | | 177 | | — | |
| Non-current derivative financial instruments | — | | — | | 319 | | 9 | | — | | — | |
| – Rand gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 279 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 40 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ silver contracts | — | | — | | — | | 9 | | — | | — | |
| Current derivative financial instruments | — | | — | | 1 087 | | 384 | | — | | — | |
| – Rand gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 1 079 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 8 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – Foreign exchange contracts | — | | — | | — | | 383 | | — | | — | |
| – US$ silver contracts | — | | — | | — | | 1 | | — | | — | |
| Trade and other receivables | 979 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 2 819 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Financial liabilities | | | | | | |
| Non-current derivative financial instruments | — | | — | | — | | 6 | | — | | — | |
| – US$ silver contracts | — | | — | | — | | 6 | | — | | — | |
| Current derivative financial instruments | — | | — | | 114 | | 92 | | — | | — | |
| – Rand gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 41 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 73 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ silver contracts | — | | — | | — | | 92 | | — | | — | |
| Borrowings | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 3 361 | |
| Contingent consideration liability | — | | — | | | — | | 417 | | — | |
| Other non-current liabilities | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 173 | |
| Trade and other payables | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 1 505 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
39 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Figures in million (SA Rand) | Debt instruments
at amortised cost | Equity instruments designated
at fair value through OCI | Derivatives designated
as cash flow hedges | Derivatives
at fair value through
profit or loss | Debt instruments
at fair value through
profit or loss | Financial liabilities at amortised
cost |
|
At 30 June 2020 | | | | | | |
| Financial assets | | | | | | |
| Restricted cash and investments | 2 867 | | — | | — | | — | | 837 | | — | |
| Other non-current assets | 5 | | 77 | | — | | — | | 306 | | — | |
| Non-current derivative financial instruments | — | | — | | 15 | | 35 | | — | | — | |
| – Rand gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 10 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 5 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ silver contracts | — | | — | | — | | 5 | | — | | — | |
| – Foreign exchange contracts | — | | — | | — | | 30 | | — | | — | |
| Current derivative financial instruments | — | | — | | 12 | | 6 | | — | | — | |
| – Rand gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 9 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 3 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ silver contracts | — | | — | | — | | 6 | | — | | — | |
| Trade and other receivables | 804 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 6 357 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Financial liabilities | | | | | | |
| Non-current derivative financial instruments | — | | — | | 813 | | 66 | | — | | — | |
| – Rand gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 717 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 96 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ silver contracts | — | | — | | — | | 1 | | — | | — | |
| – Foreign exchange contracts | — | | — | | — | | 65 | | — | | — | |
| Current derivative financial instruments | — | | — | | 3 169 | | 955 | | — | | — | |
| – Rand gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 2 909 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ gold hedging contracts | — | | — | | 260 | | — | | — | | — | |
| – US$ silver contracts | — | | — | | — | | 3 | | — | | — | |
| – Foreign exchange contracts | — | | — | | — | | 695 | | — | | — | |
| – Rand gold derivative contracts | — | | — | | — | | 257 | | — | | — | |
| Borrowings | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 7 718 | |
| Other non-current liabilities | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 96 | |
| Trade and other payables | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 970 | |
Risk management is carried out by a central treasury department (Group treasury) under policies approved by the board of directors. Group treasury identifies, evaluates and hedges certain selected financial risks in close co-operation with the group's operating units. The audit and risk committee and the board provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as written policies covering specific areas, such as commodity price risk, foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments and non-derivative financial instruments, and the investment of excess liquidity.
Since March 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted on various aspects of Harmony's operating environment. Where relevant, reference is made to certain impacts in the discussions below, however a detailed discussion thereof is included in note 4.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
39 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued
Market risk
Foreign exchange risk
The group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures, primarily with respect to the US dollar (US$). Foreign exchange risk arises when future commercial transactions or recognised financial assets or liabilities are denominated in a currency that is not the entity’s functional currency. Harmony’s revenues are sensitive to the R/US$ exchange rate as all revenues are generated by commodity sales denominated in US$. Harmony may enter into hedging transactions to reduce this risk. The limit currently set by the board is 25% of the group's foreign exchange risk exposure for a period of 24 months. Refer to note 19 and the fair value determination for financial assets and liabilities section below for details of the contracts. The audit and risk committee review the details of the programme quarterly.
The Rand strengthened during the current financial year, from R17.32/US$1 on 30 June 2020 and closed at R14.27/US$1 on 30 June 2021. This reduced the losses on contracts that matured during the year and positively impacted on the valuations of contracts that were outstanding at 30 June 2021.
The group is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from borrowings and cash denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of that entity (refer to note 2.2 for details on the group's functional currencies). As of 1 October 2020, the contingent consideration liability has also been included. Refer to note 29 for details. These exposures are mainly to the US$. The Rand's levels impacted positively on the translation of the US$ debt facilities at 30 June 2021. Refer to note 32 for further detail.
Translation of the international net assets was impacted by a strengthening of the Rand against the Australian dollar from R11.96/A$1 at 30 June 2020 to R10.72/A$1. A loss of R1.2 billion has been recognised in other comprehensive income relating to the translation of the international net assets to Rands.
The group has reviewed its foreign currency exposure on financial assets and financial liabilities and has identified the following sensitivities in the exchange rates that would affect profit and loss:
•Rand/US$ exchange rate - 6% based on the standard deviation from a one-year forecast of various financial institution outlooks. The analysis for 2020 was based on historical information for which a reasonable possible change of 10% was determined.
•AUD/US$ exchange rate - 4% based on the standard deviation from a one-year forecast of various financial institution outlooks. The analysis for 2020 was based on the historical trend of the AUD to the US$ in order to determine a reasonably possible change. 10% approximated the move between the year-end rate and the highest point in the previous two financial years.
•PGK/US$ exchange rate - 1%. The Papua New Guinean (PNG) government has fixed the exchange rate of the Kina to the US$ and adjusts it occasionally. These adjustments are very small and would not result in any significant impact on profit or loss. The analysis for 2020 was based on a sensitivity of 10% to be used as an indicator of the potential impact of exchange rate changes.
Management has refined the approach for determining reasonable possible changes from the prior year. The refined approach, which uses a larger population of market analyst forecasts as used for macro-economic assumptions and estimates, provided an improvement in the assessment of reasonable possible changes used for sensitivity analysis.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Sensitivity analysis – borrowings | | |
| Rand against US$ | | |
| Balance at 30 June | 2 806 | | 5 990 | |
| Strengthen by 6% (FY20: 10%) | 168 | | 599 | |
| Weaken by 6% (FY20: 10%) | (168) | | (599) | |
| Closing rate | 14.27 | | 17.32 | |
| US$ against Kina | | |
| Balance at 30 June | 109 | | 237 | |
| Strengthen by 1% (FY20: 10%) | 1 | | 21 | |
| Weaken by 1% (FY20: 10%) | (1) | | (27) | |
| Closing rate | 0.29 | | 0.29 | |
| Sensitivity analysis – contingent consideration liability | | |
| Rand against US$ | | |
| Balance at 30 June | 417 | | — | |
| Strengthen by 6% | 25 | | — | |
| Weaken by 6% | (25) | | — | |
| Closing rate | 14.27 | | 17.32 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
39 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued
Market risk continued
Foreign exchange risk continued
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Sensitivity analysis – financial instruments | | |
| Rand against US$ | | |
| Balance at 30 June | 383 | | (731) | |
| Strengthen by 6% (FY20: 10%) | 105 | | 954 | |
| Weaken by 6% (FY20: 10%) | (127) | | (1 106) | |
| Closing rate | 14.27 | | 17.32 | |
| US$ against AUD | | |
| Balance at 30 June | 723 | | 339 | |
| Strengthen by 4% (FY20: 10%) | 28 | | 31 | |
| Weaken by 4% (FY20:10%) | (30) | | (38) | |
| Closing rate | 0.75 | | 0.69 | |
Commodity price sensitivity
The profitability of the group’s operations, and the cash flows generated by those operations, are affected by changes in the market price of gold, and in the case of Hidden Valley, silver as well. Harmony entered into Rand gold and US dollar forward gold sale contracts to manage the variability in cash flows from the group’s production to create cash certainty and protect the group against lower commodity prices. The general limit for gold hedging currently set by the board is 20% for a 24-month period. The limit set by the board is 50% of silver exposure over a 24-month period. Management continues to top up these programmes as and when opportunities arise to lock in attractive margins for the business, but are not required to maintain hedging at these levels. The audit and risk committee review the details of the programme quarterly.
The exposure to the variability in the price of gold is managed by entering into gold forward sales contracts for a portion of the group's production. A portion of the production of the South African operations is linked to Rand gold forward contracts and US$ gold forward contracts were entered into for the production from Hidden Valley. The exposure to the variability in the price of silver for Hidden Valley is managed by entering into US$/silver zero cost collars. These contracts have not been designated as hedging instruments for hedge accounting and the gains and losses are accounted for in the income statement. Refer to note 19 and the fair value determination for financial assets and liabilities section below for further detail on these contracts.
The Rand strengthened during the year (as discussed above), which had the effect of reducing the loss on the contracts that matured during the 2021 financial year as well as positively impacting those that were outstanding at 30 June 2021.
The group has reviewed its exposure to commodity-linked instruments and identified a sensitivity of 7% based on the standard deviation of a one-year forecast gold price from various financial institution outlooks. The estimated sensitivity would affect other comprehensive income as well as profit or loss in the 2021 financial year. The analysis in 2020 of a sensitivity of 10% was based on management’s view of the likely outcome of long-term gold price trend. Management has refined the approach for determining reasonable possible changes from the prior year. The refined approach, which uses a larger population of market analyst forecasts as used for macro-economic assumptions and estimates, provided an improvement in the assessment of reasonable possible changes used for sensitivity analysis.
Only material commodity balances were considered when determining the need for a sensitivity analysis and therefore management has not performed a sensitivity analysis on silver commodities.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Sensitivity analysis | | |
| Rand gold derivatives | | |
| Profit or loss | | |
| Increase by 7% (FY20: 10%) | — | | (91) | |
| Decrease by 7% (FY20: 10%) | — | | 102 | |
| Other comprehensive income | | |
| Increase by 7% (FY20: 10%) | (481) | | (1 279) | |
| Decrease by 7% (FY20: 10%) | 612 | | 1 433 | |
| US$ gold derivatives | | |
| Other comprehensive income | | |
| Increase by 7% (FY20: 10%) | 130 | | (258) | |
| Decrease by 7% (FY20: 10%) | (128) | | 279 | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
39 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued
Market risk continued
Other price risk
The group is exposed to the risk of fluctuations in the fair value of fair value through profit or loss financial assets as a result of changes in market prices (other than changes in interest rates and foreign currencies). Harmony generally does not use any derivative instruments to manage this risk.
Sensitivity analysis
Certain of the restricted investments are linked to the Top 40 Index on the JSE. Management considered a sensitivity of 15% as appropriate, based on the continuing volatility in the market as well as the magnitude of fluctuations within the last year’s historical data. A 15% increase in the Top 40 index at the reporting date, with all other variables held constant, would have increased profit or loss by R105 million and an equal change in the opposite direction would have decreased profit or loss by R127 million.
The analysis for 2020 was based on management’s view that a 10% move was a reasonable possible change based on recent history in normalised trading circumstances. A 10%increase in the Top 40 index at the reporting date, with all other variables held constant, would have increased profit or loss by R79 million an equal change in the opposite direction would have decreased profit or loss by R42 million.
Interest rate risk
The group's interest rate risk arises mainly from long-term borrowings. The group has variable interest rate borrowings. Variable rate borrowings expose the group to cash flow interest rate risk. The group has not entered into interest rate swap agreements as this is a risk that management is prepared to take as the risk is deemed to be low. The audit and risk committee reviews the exposures quarterly.
Low interest rates facilitated by both the US Federal Reserve and the SARB, the strengthening of the Rand with regards to the cost of servicing US$ facilities, as well as the decreased debt levels, as discussed in the capital risk management section below had a favourable impact on the cost of debt during the year.
Interest rate risk arising from long-term borrowings is offset by cash and restricted cash and investments held at variable rates. As at 30 June 2021, management reasonably expects profit or loss before tax to increase/(decrease) by the following sensitivities:
•A 25 basis points finance cost movement based on the standard deviation of a one-year forecast of the South African prime interest rate from various financial institution outlooks;
•A 1 basis points finance cost movement based on the standard deviation of a one-year forecast US Fed rate from various financial institution outlooks; and
•A 25 basis points sensitivity on interest received based on the standard deviation of a one-year forecast of the South African prime interest rate from various financial institution outlooks.
The above analysis assumes that all other variables remain constant. The analysis was performed based on a sensitivity of 100 basis points for all borrowings and financial assets in the 2020 year as an indicator of the potential impact of interest rate changes to the group. Management has refined the approach for determining reasonable possible changes from the prior year. The refined approach, which uses a larger population of market analyst forecasts as used for macro-economic assumptions and estimates, aims to provide an improvement in the estimation of reasonable possible changes used for sensitivity analysis.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Sensitivity analysis – borrowings (finance costs) | | |
| Rand denominated borrowings | | |
| Increase by 25 basis points (FY20: 100 basis points) | (1) | | (13) | |
| Decrease by 25 basis points (FY20: 100 basis points) | 1 | | 13 | |
| | | |
| US$ denominated borrowings | | |
| Increase by 1 basis point (FY20: 100 basis points) | — | | (64) | |
| Decrease by 1 basis points (FY20: 100 basis points) | — | | 64 | |
| Sensitivity analysis – financial assets (interest received) | | |
| Increase by 25 basis points (FY20: 100 basis points) (a) | 16 | | 58 | |
| Decrease by 25 basis points (FY20: 100 basis points) (a) | (16) | | (58) | |
(a) The comparative year’s computed sensitivity analysis permissibly excludes cash received on 30 June 2020 as a result of the equity raise on 24 June 2020 in note 24.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
39 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty may default or not meet its obligations in a timely manner. Financial instruments which are subject to credit risk are restricted cash and investments, derivative financial instruments and cash and cash equivalents, as well as trade and other receivables (excluding non-financial instruments).
Assessment of credit risk
In assessing the creditworthiness of local institutions, management uses the national scale long-term ratings. The credit risk arising from restricted cash, cash and cash equivalents, restricted investments and derivative financial assets is managed by ensuring amounts are only invested with financial institutions of good credit quality based on external credit ratings. The group has policies that limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution. The audit and risk committee reviews the exposure on a quarterly basis. Exposure to credit risk on trade and other receivables is monitored on a regular basis by management.
During the June 2020 financial year, Fitch downgraded the major South African (SA) banks by one notch to AA- from AA following the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This rating drop did not have a significantly adverse impact on the credit worthiness of the group's counterparts (SA financial institutions). Fitch increased the credit rating of the major banks to AA+ on 22 December 2020, citing the financial institutions risk appetite and corporate conduct as key factors of the upgrade. At 30 June 2021, the rating of major SA banks remained AA+.
Therefore the national scale investment grade rating of these banks remains in line with the group's credit risk policy. An assessment of the expected credit losses for the financial assets measured at amortised costs at 30 June 2021 resulted in an immaterial amount for each instrument, in line with the assessment performed in 2020 (refer to the expected credit loss assessment below for further detail).
Management will continue to review the underlying strength of the South African economy as well as the creditworthiness of the financial institutions during this time and make any changes deemed necessary to safeguard the assets and reduce the credit risk.
The group’s maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of all financial assets determined to be exposed to credit risk, amounting to R10 837 million as at 30 June 2021 (2020:R11 244 million).
The Social Trust Fund of R19 million (2020: R22 million) has been invested in unit trust investments comprising interest bearing instruments and shares in listed companies. The group has also acquired a collective investment scheme in unit trusts of R47 million and equity investments of R252 million from the Mponeng operations and related assets acquisition (refer to note 14).
Financial institutions' credit rating by exposure (Source: Fitch Ratings and Global Credit Ratings)
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | |
| AA+ | 1 738 | | — | |
| AA | 1 081 | | — | |
| AA- | — | | 6 357 | |
| | 2 819 | | 6 357 | |
| Restricted cash and investments | | |
| AA+ | 4 756 | | — | |
| AA- | — | | 3 682 | |
| B1 | 225 | | — | |
| | 4 981 | | 3 682 | |
| Derivative financial assets | | |
| AA+ | 629 | | — | |
| AA | 286 | | 10 | |
| AA- | 145 | | 42 | |
| A+ | 739 | | 16 | |
| | 1 799 | | 68 | |
1This relates to South African government bonds which have been rated applying South Africa’s sovereign credit rating.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
39 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued
Credit risk continued
Expected credit loss assessment
The group recognises loss allowances for expected credit losses (ECLs) on financial assets measured at amortised cost. The group's debt instruments at amortised cost consist of cash and cash equivalents, a portion of restricted cash and investments and trade and other receivables. The assessment of ECLs for the different debt instruments is discussed below:
Cash and cash equivalents
The cash and cash equivalents are held with banks and financial institutions which are rated between AA and AA+ (see above). The ECL on cash and cash equivalents has been determined using the simplification that allows the group to assume that the credit risk on financial instruments determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date, has not increased significantly since initial recognition of the financial instrument. The ECL was estimated with reference to a probability of default model using external credit ratings in determining the default risk of counterparties. The ECL was determined to be immaterial.
Restricted cash and investments
The restricted cash and investments relate largely to the environmental trust funds. These funds are held with banks and financial institutions which are rated AA+ (see above). As a result of the acquisition of Mponeng operations and related assets (refer to note 14), the group obtained government bonds which are rated B (see above). Impairment of investments with investment-grade ratings has been determined using the simplification that allows the group to assume that the credit risk on financial instruments determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date, has not increased significantly since initial recognition of the financial instrument. The group considers that the majority of its restricted cash and investments have low credit risk based on the external credit ratings of the counterparties with which the funds are deposited. The ECL was estimated with reference to a probability of default model using external credit ratings in determining the default risk of counterparties. Consideration was given to the possible lifetime impairment on the government bonds, which are below investment grade. The calculated ECL was immaterial.
Concentration of credit risk on restricted cash and investments is considered minimal due to the group’s investment risk management and counterparty exposure risk management policies. The ECL was determined to be immaterial.
Trade and other receivables
The group’s exposure to credit risk arising from trade receivables (metals) and other trade receivables is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer.
Trade receivables result largely from the sale of gold and are fully performing. Exposure to credit risk on receivables from gold sales is limited through payment terms of two to three days after recognition of revenue for gold sales. The majority of other receivables comprise of a limited number of individually significant customers. The group determines the ECL on trade receivables and individually significant other receivable balances with reference to a probability of default model using external credit ratings in determining the default risk of counterparties. The external credit ratings used range between BBB to AA-. The ECL was determined to be immaterial.
Loss allowances on individually insignificant other trade receivables has been determined using the simplified ECL approach using a provision matrix and reflects the short-term maturities of the exposures and past experienced credit judgement. Refer to note 20 for details on the amount of the loss allowance recognised and the stratification of trade and other receivables for purposes of the assessment.
Liquidity risk
Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and marketable securities, and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit facilities.
In the ordinary course of business, the group receives cash from its operations and is required to fund working capital and capital expenditure requirements. Management prepares cash flow forecasts weekly and ensures that surplus funds are invested in a manner to achieve market-related returns and to provide sufficient liquidity at the minimum risk. The group maintains and refinances committed credit facilities as medium-term forecasts require. The audit and risk committee reviews the updated forecasts quarterly. The group is able to actively source financing at competitive rates. Where necessary, funds will be drawn from its revolving credit facilities (refer to note 32).
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
39 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued
Liquidity risk continued
The following are the undiscounted contractual maturities of financial liabilities (including principal and interest payments assuming the closing R/US$ exchange rate and interest rate at year end):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| | Current | More than
1 year | Current | More than
1 year |
| Contingent consideration liability1 | — | | 647 | | — | | — | |
| Other non-current liabilities2 | — | | 19 | | — | | 15 | |
| Lease liability2 | 112 | | 225 | | 67 | | 86 | |
| Trade and other payables (excluding non-financial liabilities)2,3 | 1 398 | | — | | 910 | | — | |
| Derivative financial liabilities3 | 285 | | 11 | | 4 238 | | 962 | |
| Borrowings3: | | | | |
| Due between 0 to six months | 256 | | — | | 257 | | — | |
| Due between six to 12 months | 249 | | — | | 399 | | — | |
| Due between one to two years | — | | 267 | | — | | 779 | |
| Due between two to three years4 | — | | 2 877 | | — | | 7 286 | |
| | 2 300 | | 4 046 | | 5 871 | | 9 128 | |
1The majority of this balance is expected to be settled between four to six years.
2These balances exclude the lease liability as it has been disclosed separately.
3The group will utilise its cash generated from operations to settle outstanding obligations.
4Final repayment of capital amount of R2 854 million (2020:R6 062 million) in September 2023.
Capital risk management
The primary objective of managing the group’s capital is to ensure that there is sufficient capital available to support the funding requirements of the group, in a way that optimises the cost of capital and matches the current strategic business plan.
The group manages and makes adjustments to the capital structure, which consists of debt and equity, as and when borrowings mature or when funding is required. This may take the form of raising equity, market or bank debt or hybrids thereof. In doing so, the group ensures it stays within the debt covenants agreed with lenders. The group may also sell assets to reduce debt or schedule projects to manage the capital structure.
The group's positive financial performance has resulted in the considerable generation of cash through-out the financial year, assisting in the repayment of debt facilities (refer to note 32). It remains the group's objective to adhere to a conservative approach to debt and maintain low levels of gearing.
Net debt is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 2 819 | | 6 357 | |
| Borrowings | (3 361) | | (7 718) | |
| Net debt | (542) | | (1 361) | |
There were no changes to the group's approach to capital management during the year.
Fair value determination for financial assets and liabilities
The fair value levels of hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets;
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from other prices);
Level 3 Inputs for the asset that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs).
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
39 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued
Fair value determination for financial assets and liabilities continued
The following table sets out the group’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | At 30 June 2021 | At 30 June 2020 |
| | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| Fair value through other comprehensive income | | | | | |
| Other non-current assets (a) | — | | — | | 74 | | — | | 77 | |
| Restricted cash and investments (b) | 252 | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Fair value through profit or loss | | | | | |
| Restricted cash and investments (b) | — | | 1 391 | | — | | 837 | | — | |
| Derivative financial assets (c) | — | | 1 799 | | — | | 68 | | — | |
| Derivative financial liabilities (c) | — | | (212) | | — | | (5 003) | | — | |
| Loan to ARM BBEE Trust (d) | — | | — | | 177 | | — | | 306 | |
| Contingent consideration liability (e) | — | | — | | (417) | | — | | — | |
(a)The majority of the balance relates to the equity investment in Rand Mutual Assurance. The fair value of the investment was estimated with reference to an independent valuation. A combination of the "Embedded Valuation" and "Net Asset Value" techniques were applied to revalue the investment as at 30 June 2021. In evaluating the group's share of the business, common practice marketability and minority discounts as well as additional specific risk discounts were applied.
(b)The level 1 valued assets were acquired as part of the Mponeng operations and related assets (refer to note 14) and comprises of listed equity securities designated as fair value through other comprehensive income instruments. The majority of the level 2 valued assets are directly derived from the Top 40 index on the JSE, and are discounted at market interest rates. This relates to equity-linked deposits in the group's environmental rehabilitation trust funds. The remaining balance of the environmental trust funds is carried at amortised cost and therefore not disclosed here.
(c)The mark-to-market remeasurement of the derivative contracts was determined as follows:
•Foreign exchange contracts comprise of zero cost collars and FECs: The zero cost collars were valued using a Black-Scholes valuation technique derived from spot Rand/US$ exchange rate inputs, implied volatilities on the Rand/US$ exchange rate, Rand/US$ inter-bank interest rates and discounted at a market interest rate (zero-coupon interest rate curve). The value of the FECs is derived from the forward Rand/US$ exchange rate and discounted at a market interest rate (zero coupon interest rate curve).
•Rand gold contracts (forward sale contracts): spot Rand/US$ exchange rate, Rand and dollar interest rates (forward points), spot US$ gold price, differential between the US interest rate and gold lease interest rate which is discounted at a market interest rate.
•US$ gold contracts (forward sale contracts): spot US$ gold price, differential between the US interest rate and gold lease interest rate and discounted at a market interest rate.
•Silver contracts (zero cost collars): a Black-Scholes valuation technique, derived from spot US$ silver price, strike price, implied volatilities, time to maturity and interest rates and discounted at a market interest rate investments.
(d)Following the refinancing of the loan (refer to note 18), the current year fair value movement was calculated using a discounted cash flow model, taking into account forecasted dividends payments over the estimated repayment period of the loan at a rate of 7.9%. A discounted cash flow model, taking into account projected interest payments and the projected African Rainbow Minerals Limited (ARM) share price on the expected repayment date and using a discount rate of 9.8%, was applied to determine the prior year's fair value. A 74 basis point change in the discount rate, which would represent a reasonably possible change based on expected movements in lending rates, would not cause a material change in the fair value of the loan.
(e)The consideration for the Mponeng operations and related assets (refer to note 14) includes a contingent consideration determined using the expected gold production profile for Mponeng at a post-tax real rate of 10.3%. Should the expected gold production profile increase by 7% or decrease by 7%, the contingent consideration liability would increase by R208 million or decrease by R183 million, respectively. This represents reasonably expected changes which were determined based on the standard deviation of previous years’ production of the Mponeng operation. No other reasonable expected changes in key unobservable inputs would have caused a material change in the fair value of the liability.
The carrying values (less any impairment allowance) of short-term financial instruments are assumed to approximate their fair values. This includes restricted cash and investments carried at amortised cost. The fair values of borrowings are not materially different to their carrying amounts since the interest payable on those borrowings is at floating interest rates. The fair value of borrowings is based on discounted cash flows using a current borrowing rate. The determination of the fair values are level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of unobservable inputs, including own credit risk.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
40 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On 24 August 2021, a final dividend of 27 SA cents was declared, paid on 18 October 2021.
On 16 September 2021, the Group concluded a three-year wage agreement in respect of wages and conditions of service for the period 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2024. The wage agreement was agreed by all representative unions and permits for basic wage increases, housing and living-out allowance for eligible employees and improved employee benefits.
41 SEGMENT REPORT
Accounting policy
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker (CODM). The chief operating decision-maker has been identified as the CEO's office.
The group has one main economic product, being gold. In order to determine operating and reportable segments, management reviewed various factors, including geographical location as well as managerial structure. It was determined that an operating segment consists of a shaft or a group of shafts or open pit mine managed by an operational management team.
During the 2021 financial year, Harmony completed the acquisition of the Mponeng operation, Mine Waste Solutions as well as the WW and VR Closure businesses. Refer to note 14 for further information on the acquisition.
After applying the qualitative and quantitative thresholds from IFRS 8, Operating Segments, the reportable segments were determined as: Tshepong Operations, Moab Khotsong, Bambanani, Joel, Doornkop, Target 1, Kusasalethu, Masimong, Unisel, Mponeng and Hidden Valley. All other operating segments have been grouped together under all other surface operations.
The CODM has been identified as the CEO's office consisting of the chief executive officer, financial director, executive director: stakeholder relations and corporate affairs, chief operating officer: new business development, corporate strategy and projects, chief executive officer: South-east Asia, chief operating officer: South Africa operations and, as of August 2020, the Senior group executive: enterprise risk and investor relations. Previously, the executive: business development also formed part of the CEO’s office, however the position was vacated and subsequently removed from the CEO's office following the retirement of Frank Abbott on 30 September 2020.
When assessing profitability, the CODM considers the revenue and production costs of each segment. The net of these amounts is the production profit or loss. Therefore, production profit has been disclosed in the segment report as the measure of profit or loss. The CODM also considers capital expenditure, gold production and tonnes milled when assessing the overall economic sustainability of each segment. The CODM, however, does not consider depreciation or impairment and therefore these amounts have not been disclosed in the segment report.
Segment assets consist of mining assets and mining assets under construction included under property, plant and equipment which can be attributed to the segment. Current and non-current group assets that are not allocated at a segment level form part of the reconciliation to total assets.
A reconciliation of the segment totals to the group financial statements has been included in note 42.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
41 SEGMENT REPORT continued
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Revenue
30 June | Production cost
30 June | Production
profit/(loss)
30 June | Segment assets 30 June | Capital expenditure# 30 June | Kilograms produced*
30 June | Tonnes milled*
30 June |
| | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| | Rand million | Rand million | Rand million | Rand million | Rand million | Kg | t'000 |
| South Africa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Underground | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tshepong Operations | 6 214 | | 5 452 | | 4 685 | | 4 865 | | 4 298 | | 3 973 | | 1 349 | | 1 154 | | 712 | | 6 541 | | 6 733 | | 6 297 | | 1 112 | | 930 | | 1 130 | | 7 419 | | 7 293 | | 7 967 | | 1 558 | | 1 417 | | 1 612 | |
| Moab Khotsong | 6 048 | | 5 008 | | 4 470 | | 3 842 | | 3 344 | | 3 101 | | 2 206 | | 1 664 | | 1 369 | | 4 008 | | 3 842 | | 3 634 | | 633 | | 498 | | 559 | | 7 166 | | 6 592 | | 7 928 | | 903 | | 746 | | 970 | |
| Mponeng | 4 750 | | — | | — | | 2 938 | | — | | — | | 1 812 | | — | | — | | 4 321 | | — | | — | | 493 | | — | | — | | 5 446 | | — | | — | | 683 | | — | | — | |
| Bambanani | 1 687 | | 1 591 | | 1 477 | | 1 156 | | 1 040 | | 994 | | 531 | | 551 | | 483 | | 327 | | 443 | | 562 | | 71 | | 50 | | 61 | | 1 992 | | 2 132 | | 2 515 | | 227 | | 200 | | 230 | |
| Joel | 1 199 | | 1 037 | | 957 | | 1 124 | | 1 010 | | 971 | | 75 | | 27 | | (14) | | 1 166 | | 1 080 | | 947 | | 172 | | 151 | | 187 | | 1 424 | | 1 391 | | 1 567 | | 359 | | 349 | | 429 | |
| Doornkop | 3 077 | | 2 270 | | 1 931 | | 2 140 | | 1 730 | | 1 564 | | 937 | | 540 | | 367 | | 2 994 | | 2 841 | | 2 759 | | 425 | | 281 | | 308 | | 3 670 | | 2 994 | | 3 273 | | 851 | | 681 | | 730 | |
| Target 1 | 1 410 | | 1 524 | | 1 585 | | 1 667 | | 1 499 | | 1 491 | | (257) | | 25 | | 94 | | 1 367 | | 1 276 | | 1 076 | | 368 | | 347 | | 297 | | 1 603 | | 2 244 | | 2 653 | | 488 | | 543 | | 588 | |
| Kusasalethu | 3 400 | | 2 293 | | 2 975 | | 2 955 | | 2 577 | | 2 395 | | 445 | | (284) | | 580 | | 1 057 | | 1 253 | | 1 300 | | 205 | | 188 | | 316 | | 3 999 | | 3 015 | | 4 989 | | 708 | | 615 | | 742 | |
| Masimong | 1 636 | | 1 401 | | 1 359 | | 1 427 | | 1 258 | | 1 205 | | 209 | | 143 | | 154 | | 26 | | 41 | | 106 | | 29 | | 24 | | 109 | | 2 012 | | 1 999 | | 2 309 | | 510 | | 489 | | 602 | |
| Unisel1 | 224 | | 681 | | 713 | | 182 | | 580 | | 564 | | 42 | | 101 | | 149 | | — | | 6 | | 46 | | — | | 7 | | 45 | | 247 | | 982 | | 1 212 | | 57 | | 219 | | 256 | |
| Surface | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| All other surface operations | 7 025 | | 3 302 | | 2 403 | | 4 724 | | 2 135 | | 1 938 | | 2 301 | | 1 167 | | 465 | | 1 921 | | 745 | | 724 | | 335 | | 118 | | 84 | | 8 088 | | 4 349 | | 4 099 | | 39 489 | | 16 264 | | 15 931 | |
| Total South Africa | 36 670 | | 24 559 | | 22 555 | | 27 020 | | 19 471 | | 18 196 | | 9 650 | | 5 088 | | 4 359 | | 23 728 | | 18 260 | | 17 451 | | 3 843 | | 2 594 | | 3 096 | | 43 066 | | 32 991 | | 38 512 | | 45 833 | | 21 523 | | 22 090 | |
| International | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Hidden Valley | 4 028 | | 3 748 | | 3 591 | | 1 719 | | 1 639 | | 1 362 | | 2 309 | | 2 109 | | 2 229 | | 3 128 | | 3 810 | | 3 694 | | 1 260 | | 959 | | 1 591 | | 4 689 | | 4 872 | | 6 222 | | 3 420 | | 3 906 | | 3 886 | |
| Total international | 4 028 | | 3 748 | | 3 591 | | 1 719 | | 1 639 | | 1 362 | | 2 309 | | 2 109 | | 2 229 | | 3 128 | | 3 810 | | 3 694 | | 1 260 | | 959 | | 1 591 | | 4 689 | | 4 872 | | 6 222 | | 3 420 | | 3 906 | | 3 886 | |
| Total operations | 40 698 | | 28 307 | | 26 146 | | 28 739 | | 21 110 | | 19 558 | | 11 959 | | 7 197 | | 6 588 | | 26 856 | | 22 070 | | 21 145 | | 5 103 | | 3 553 | | 4 687 | | 47 755 | | 37 863 | | 44 734 | | 49 253 | | 25 429 | | 25 976 | |
| Reconciliation of segment information to the consolidated income statement and balance sheet | 1 035 | | 938 | | 766 | | 1 035 | | 938 | | 766 | | — | | — | | — | | 21 947 | | 22 622 | | 15 591 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 41 733 | | 29 245 | | 26 912 | | 29 774 | | 22 048 | | 20 324 | | 11 959 | | 7 197 | | 6 588 | | 48 803 | | 44 692 | | 36 736 | | 5 103 | | 3 553 | | 4 687 | | 47 755 | | 37 863 | | 44 734 | | 49 253 | | 25 429 | | 25 976 | |
# Capital expenditure for international operations excludes expenditure spent on Wafi-Golpu of R34 million (2020: R54 million) (2019: R350 million).
* Production statistics are unaudited.
1 The Unisel operation closed during October 2020.
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
42 RECONCILIATION OF SEGMENT INFORMATION TO CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT AND BALANCE SHEET
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 |
2020 |
2019 |
| Reconciliation of production profit to consolidated profit/(loss)
before taxation | | | |
| Revenue per segment report | 40 698 | | 28 307 | | 26 146 | |
| Revenue per income statement | 41 733 | | 29 245 | | 26 912 | |
| Other metal sales treated as by-product credits in the segment report | (1 035) | | (938) | | (766) | |
| Production costs per segment report | (28 739) | | (21 110) | | (19 558) | |
| Production costs per income statement | (29 774) | | (22 048) | | (20 324) | |
| Other metal sales treated as by-product credits in the segment report | 1 035 | | 938 | | 766 | |
| | | | |
| Production profit per segment report | 11 959 | | 7 197 | | 6 588 | |
| Cost of sales items other than production costs | (5 715) | | (3 860) | | (8 545) | |
| Amortisation and depreciation of mining assets | (3 777) | | (3 409) | | (3 961) | |
| Amortisation and depreciation of assets other than mining assets | (98) | | (99) | | (93) | |
| Rehabilitation expenditure | (135) | | (47) | | (33) | |
| Care and maintenance cost of restructured shafts | (144) | | (146) | | (134) | |
| Employment termination and restructuring costs | (332) | | (40) | | (242) | |
| Share-based payments | (114) | | (130) | | (155) | |
| Impairment of assets | (1 124) | | — | | (3 898) | |
| Other | 9 | | 11 | | (29) | |
| | | | |
| Gross profit/(loss) | 6 244 | | 3 337 | | (1 957) | |
| Corporate, administration and other expenditure | (1 068) | | (611) | | (731) | |
| Exploration expenditure | (177) | | (205) | | (148) | |
| Gains/(losses) on derivatives | 1 022 | | (1 678) | | 484 | |
| Foreign exchange translation gain/(loss) | 670 | | (892) | | (86) | |
| Other operating expenses | (241) | | (309) | | (100) | |
| | | | |
| Operating profit/(loss) | 6 450 | | (358) | | (2 538) | |
| Gain on bargain purchase | 303 | | — | | — | |
| Acquisition-related costs | (124) | | (45) | | — | |
| Share of profit from associate | 83 | | 94 | | 59 | |
| Investment income | 331 | | 375 | | 308 | |
| Finance costs | (661) | | (661) | | (575) | |
| | | | |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 6 382 | | (595) | | (2 746) | |
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS continued
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2021
42 RECONCILIATION OF SEGMENT INFORMATION TO CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS AND BALANCE SHEETS continued
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | SA Rand |
| Figures in million | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Reconciliation of total segment assets to consolidated assets
includes the following: | | | |
| Non-current assets | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment not allocated to a segment | 6 741 | | 7 116 | | 6 604 | |
| Mining assets (a) | 757 | | 1 062 | | 989 | |
| Undeveloped property (b) | 3 989 | | 4 025 | | 3 965 | |
| Other non-mining assets | 411 | | 115 | | 115 | |
| Assets under construction (c) | 1 584 | | 1 914 | | 1 535 | |
| Intangible assets | 365 | | 536 | | 533 | |
| Restricted cash and investments | 5 232 | | 3 642 | | 3 393 | |
| Investments in associates | 126 | | 146 | | 110 | |
| Deferred tax assets | 272 | | 531 | | 1 | |
| Other non-current assets | 332 | | 435 | | 376 | |
| Derivative financial assets | 328 | | 50 | | 197 | |
| Current assets | | | |
| Inventories | 2 542 | | 2 421 | | 1 967 | |
| Restricted cash and investments | 67 | | 62 | | 44 | |
| Trade and other receivables | 1 652 | | 1 308 | | 1 064 | |
| Derivative financial assets | 1 471 | | 18 | | 309 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 2 819 | | 6 357 | | 993 | |
| | 21 947 | | 22 622 | | 15 591 | |
(a) These balances relate to Wafi-Golpu assets and assets that provide services to several CGUs, such as Harmony One Plant.
(b) Undeveloped properties comprise of the Target North property as well as Wafi-Golpu’s undeveloped properties.
(c) Assets under construction consist of the Wafi-Golpu assets.