9. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

As a result of our 2013 merger with BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“BioSante”), we recorded goodwill of $1.8 million. As a result of our acquisition of WellSpring, we recorded additional goodwill of $1.7 million in 2018. We assess the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill as of October 31st of each year, and whenever events occur or circumstances change that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of our reporting unit below its carrying value. There have been no events or changes in circumstances that would have reduced the fair value of our reporting unit below its carrying value during the six months ended June 30, 2019. No impairment losses were recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 or 2018.

Definite-lived Intangible Assets

Acquisition of Abbreviated New Drug Applications

In March 2019, we entered into an agreement with Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. to purchase a basket of ANDAs for 35 previously-marketed generic drug products for $2.5 million in cash. The transaction closed in March 2019 and we made the $2.5 million payment using cash on hand. We also capitalized $10 thousand of costs directly related to the transaction. We accounted for this transaction as an asset purchase. The $2.5 million of ANDAs are being amortized in full over their estimated useful lives of 10 years. Please see Note 13 for further details regarding the transaction.

In January 2019, we entered into an amendment to three asset purchase agreements (the “Asset Purchase Agreement Amendment”) with Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. (“Teva”). Under the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement Amendment, all royalty obligations of the Company owed to Teva with respect to products associated with ten ANDAs under the original asset purchase agreements ceased being effective as of December 31, 2018. As consideration for the termination of such future royalty obligations, we paid Teva a sum of $16.0 million using cash on hand. Upon the payment of $16.0 million, the purchase price of each basket of ANDAs was increased as if the payment had been made on the initial acquisition date. As a result, we recognized cumulative amortization expense of $6.8 million upon recording the transaction. Please see Note 13 for further details regarding the transaction.

In April 2018, we entered into an agreement with Impax Laboratories, Inc. (now Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or “Amneal”) to purchase the approved ANDAs for three previously-commercialized generic drug products, the approved ANDAs for two generic drug products that have not yet been commercialized, the development package for one generic drug product, a license, supply, and distribution agreement for a generic drug product with an ANDA that is pending approval, and certain manufacturing equipment required to manufacture one of the products, for $2.3 million in cash up front. The transaction closed in May 2018 and we made the $2.3 million payment using cash on hand. We also capitalized $0.1 million of costs directly related to the transaction. We accounted for this transaction as an asset purchase. The $1.0 million acquired ANDA intangible assets are being amortized in full over their estimated useful lives of 10 years. Please see Note 13 for further details regarding the transaction.

In April 2018, we entered into an agreement with IDT Australia, Limited to purchase the ANDAs for 23 previously-marketed generic drug products and API for four of the acquired products for $2.7 million in cash and a single-digit royalty on net profits from sales of one of the products. The transaction closed in April 2018 and we made the $2.7 million payment using cash on hand. We also capitalized $18 thousand of costs directly related to the transaction. We accounted for this transaction as an asset purchase. The $2.5 million acquired ANDA intangible assets are being amortized in full over their estimated useful lives of 10 years. Please see Note 13 for further details regarding the transaction.

The components of net definite-lived intangible assets are as follows:


	June 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying		Accumulated		Gross Carrying		Accumulated		Weighted Average
(in thousands)	Amount		Amortization		Amount		Amortization		Amortization Period
Acquired ANDA intangible assets	$	64,704	$	(26,937)	$	46,194	$	(17,093)	10.0 years
NDAs and product rights		230,974		(74,787)		230,974		(62,222)	10.0 years
Marketing and distribution rights		10,423		(8,014)		10,423		(7,051)	4.7 years
Non-compete agreement		624		(290)		624		(245)	7.0 years
	$	306,725	$	(110,028)	$	288,215	$	(86,611)

Definite-lived intangible assets are stated at cost, net of amortization, generally using the straight-line method over the expected useful lives of the intangible assets. In the case of certain NDA and product rights assets, we use an accelerated amortization method to better match the anticipated economic benefits expected to be provided. Amortization expense was $8.4 million and $7.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense was $23.4 million and $15.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We test for impairment of definite-lived intangible assets when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. No such triggering events were identified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 and therefore no impairment loss was recognized in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Expected future amortization expense is as follows:


(in thousands)
2019 (remainder of the year)	$	16,806
2020		33,130
2021		31,684
2022		28,279
2023		27,531
2024 and thereafter		59,267
Total	$	196,697