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REVENUE RECOGNITION AND RELATED ALLOWANCES
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
REVENUE RECOGNITION AND RELATED ALLOWANCES REVENUE RECOGNITION AND RELATED ALLOWANCES
Revenue Recognition
Revenues are primarily derived from sales of generic, rare disease, and established brand pharmaceutical products, royalties, and other pharmaceutical services. Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of contracts with customers are satisfied, which generally occurs when control of the products we sell is transferred to the customer. Variable consideration is estimated after the consideration of applicable information that is reasonably available. The Company generally does not have incremental costs to obtain contracts that would otherwise not have been incurred. The Company does not adjust revenue for the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component because our customers generally pay us within 100 days.
All revenue recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations is considered to be revenue from contracts with customers. The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue:
Products and ServicesYears Ended December 31,
(in thousands)2023 20222021
Sales of generic pharmaceutical products$269,449 $210,121 $143,571 
Sales of established brand pharmaceutical products, royalties, and other pharmaceutical services105,250 64,578 72,565 
Sales of rare disease pharmaceutical products112,117 41,686 — 
Total net revenues$486,816 $316,385 $216,136 
Timing of Revenue RecognitionYears Ended December 31,
(in thousands)2023 20222021
Performance obligations transferred at a point in time$486,441 $313,436 $214,826 
Performance obligations transferred over time375 2,949 1,310 
Total$486,816 $316,385 $216,136 
In the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022, the Company did not incur, and therefore did not defer, any material incremental costs to obtain or fulfill contracts. As of December 31, 2023, there were no contract assets recorded which were related to revenue recognized based on percentage of completion but not yet billed.
The Company recognized an increase of $4.1 million of net revenue from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods during the year ended December 31, 2023, consisting primarily of revised estimates for variable consideration, including chargebacks, rebates, returns, and other allowances, related to prior period sales. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized less than $0.1 million of revenue that was included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations for all open contract manufacturing customer contracts was $6.3 million, which consists of firm orders for contract manufactured products. We will recognize revenue for these performance obligations as they are satisfied, which is anticipated within six months.
Variable Consideration
Sales of pharmaceutical products are subject to variable consideration due to chargebacks, government rebates, returns, administrative and other rebates, and cash discounts. Estimates for these elements of variable consideration require significant judgment.
Chargebacks
Chargebacks, primarily from wholesalers, result from arrangements with indirect customers establishing prices for products which the indirect customer purchases through a wholesaler. Alternatively, the Company may pre-authorize wholesalers to offer specified contract pricing to other indirect customers. Under either arrangement, the Company provides a chargeback credit to the wholesaler for any difference between the contracted price with the indirect customer and the wholesaler’s invoice price, typically Wholesale Acquisition Cost (“WAC”).
Prior period chargebacks claimed by wholesalers are analyzed to determine the actual average selling price (“ASP”) for each product. This calculation is performed by product by wholesaler. ASPs can be affected by several factors such as:
•A change in customer mix
•A change in negotiated terms with customers
•A change in the volume of off-contract purchases
•Changes in WAC
As necessary, ASPs are adjusted based on anticipated changes in the factors above.
The difference between ASP and WAC is recorded as a reduction in both gross revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets, at the time revenue is recognized from the product sale. The Company continually monitors chargeback activity and adjusts ASPs when the Company believes that actual selling prices will differ from current ASPs.
Government Rebates
Government rebates reserve consists of estimated payments due to governmental agencies for utilization of our products by beneficiaries under such governmental programs. The two largest government programs are Medicaid and Medicare.
The Company participates in the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and pays rebates to the states related on Medicaid beneficiary utilization of the Company's products. Medicaid rebates are billed 60-90 days of the end of the quarter in which the product was dispensed to a Medicaid beneficiary. Medicaid rebate amounts per product unit are established by law, based on the Average Manufacturer Price (“AMP”), which is reported on a monthly and quarterly basis, and, in the case of branded products, best price, which is reported on a quarterly basis. Medicaid reserves are based on expected claims from state Medicaid programs. Estimates for expected claims are driven by patient usage, sales mix, calculated AMP or best price, as well as inventory in the distribution channel that will be subject to a Medicaid rebate. As a result of the delay between selling the products, dispensing the products and rebate billing, the Medicaid rebate reserve includes both an estimate of outstanding claims for end-customer sales that have occurred but for which the related claim has not been billed, as well as an estimate for future claims that will be made when inventory in the distribution channel is sold through to plan participants.
Many of the products are also covered under Medicare. ANI participates in the Coverage Gap Discount Program in order for its branded drugs to be covered by Medicare Part D and must provide a rebate for any products sold under NDAs dispensed to Medicare Part D beneficiaries while the beneficiaries are in the Coverage Gap phase of the benefit. This applies to all products sold under NDAs, regardless of whether the products are marketed as branded or generic. Estimates for these discounts are based on historical experience with Medicare rebates for products. Medicare rebates are billed quarterly for drugs dispensed to Medicare beneficiaries in the prior quarter, which is typically 120 days after the product is shipped. As a result of the delay between selling the products, dispensing the products and rebate billing, Medicare rebate reserve includes both an estimate of outstanding claims for end-customer sales that have occurred but for which the related claim has not been billed, as well as an estimate for future claims that will be made when inventory in the distribution channel is sold through to Medicare Part D participants.
To evaluate the adequacy of the government rebate reserves, reserves are reviewed on a quarterly basis against actual claims data to ensure the liability is fairly stated. The Company continually monitors the government rebate reserve and adjusts estimates if it is expected that actual government rebates may differ from established accruals. Accruals for government rebates are recorded as a reduction to gross revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and as an increase to accrued government rebates in the consolidated balance sheets.
Returns
A returns policy is in place that allows customers to return product within a specified period prior to and subsequent to the expiration date. Generally, product may be returned for a period beginning six months prior to its expiration date to up to one year after its expiration date. Product returns are settled through the issuance of a credit to the customer. The estimate for returns is based upon historical experience with actual returns. While such experience has allowed for reasonable estimation in the past, history may not always be an accurate indicator of future returns. We continually monitor estimates for returns and make adjustments when it is expected that actual product returns may differ from the established accruals. Accruals for returns are recorded as a reduction to gross revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and as an increase to the return goods reserve in the consolidated balance sheets.
Administrative Fees and Other Rebates
Administrative fees or rebates are offered to wholesalers, group purchasing organizations, and indirect customers. Fees and rebates are accrued, by product by wholesaler, at the time of sale based on contracted rates and ASPs.
To evaluate the adequacy of the administrative fee accruals, on-hand inventory counts are obtained from the wholesalers. The Company continually monitors administrative fee activity and adjust accruals when it is expected that actual administrative fees may differ from the accruals. Accruals for administrative fees and other rebates are recorded as a reduction in both gross revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.
Prompt Payment Discounts
Sales discounts may be granted to customers for prompt payment. The reserve for prompt payment discounts is based on invoices outstanding. Based on past experience, it is assumed that all available discounts will be taken. Accruals for prompt payment discounts are recorded as a reduction in both gross revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes activity in the consolidated balance sheets for accruals and allowances for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021:
Accruals for Chargebacks, Returns, and Other Allowances
(in thousands)Chargebacks Government
Rebates		 Returns Administrative
Fees and Other
Rebates		 Prompt
Payment
Discounts
Balance at December 31, 2021 (1)$94,066 $5,492 $35,831 $13,100 $4,642 
Accruals/Adjustments642,409 20,657 23,252 42,044 21,302 
Credits Taken Against Reserve(587,913)(15,277)(25,684)(45,702)(19,456)
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1)$148,562 $10,872 $33,399 $9,442 $6,488 
Accruals/Adjustments586,511 23,915 18,360 55,798 22,932 
Credits Taken Against Reserve(650,865)(22,619)(22,081)(53,828)(24,555)
Balance at December 31, 2023 (1)$84,208 $12,168 $29,678 $11,412 $4,865 
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(1)Chargebacks are included as an offset to accounts receivable, net of chargebacks and other allowances in the consolidated balance sheets. Administrative Fees and Other Rebates and Prompt Payment Discounts are included as a reduction to accounts receivable, net of chargebacks and other allowances or accrued expenses and other in the consolidated balance sheets. Returns are included in returned goods reserve in the consolidated balance sheets. Government Rebates are included in accrued government rebates in the consolidated balance sheets.
Credit Concentration
Customers are primarily wholesale distributors, chain drug stores, group purchasing organizations, and other pharmaceutical companies.
During the year ended December 31, 2023 four customers accounted for 10% or more of net revenues. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, three customers accounted for 10% or more of net revenues. As of December 31, 2023, accounts receivable from these customers totaled 81% of accounts receivable, net.
The four customers represent the total percentage of net revenues as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
202320222021
Customer 131 %26 %29 %
Customer 213 %18 %23 %
Customer 313 %15 %16 %
Customer 412 %6 %— %