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Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Inseego Corp. (the “Company” or “Inseego”) is a leader in the design and development of mobile (advanced 4G and 5G New Radio (“5G NR”)), Internet of Things (“IoT”) and cloud solutions for large enterprise verticals, service providers and small and medium-sized businesses around the globe. Inseego’s product portfolio consists of fixed and mobile device-to-cloud solutions that produce compelling, intelligent, reliable and secure end-to-end IoT services with deep business intelligence. Inseego’s products and solutions power mission critical applications with a “zero unscheduled downtime” mandate, such as 5G fixed wireless access gateway solutions, 4G and 5G mobile broadband, industrial IoT, SD WAN failover management, asset tracking and fleet management services. Inseego’s solutions are powered by its key innovations in mobile technologies, including a suite of products employing the 5G NR standards, and purpose-built SaaS cloud platforms.
Inseego is a Delaware corporation formed in 2016 and is the successor to Novatel Wireless, Inc., a Delaware corporation formed in 1996 (“Novatel Wireless”), as a result of an internal reorganization that was completed in November 2016. The Company’s principal executive office is located at 12600 Deerfield Parkway, Suite 100, Alpharetta, GA 30004, its corporate offices are located at 9710 Scranton Road, Suite 200, San Diego CA 92121 and its sales and engineering offices are located throughout the world. Inseego’s common stock trades on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the trading symbol “INSG”.
Basis of Presentation
The Company had a net loss attributable to Inseego Corp. of $40.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had available cash and cash equivalents totaling $12.1 million and working capital of $19.6 million. The Company has a history of operating and net losses and overall usage of cash from operating and investing activities.
In order to make continued investments in its growth plan, on August 9, 2019, the Company issued and sold 10,000 shares of Fixed-Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series E Preferred Stock”), for an aggregate purchase price of $10.0 million. For additional information see Note 7, Stockholders Equity.
On March 6, 2020, the Company issued and sold an additional 25,000 shares of Series E Preferred Stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $25.0 million.
Under the terms of the indenture governing the Inseego Notes (as defined below), both the Company and the holders have rights with respect to conversion or redemption based on the value of the underlying stock. In the first quarter of 2020, $59.9 million of the notes were exchanged for common stock.
Under the terms of the indenture governing the Inseego Notes (as defined below), each holder of the notes has the right to require the Company to repurchase its notes for cash on June 15, 2020 (the “Optional Repurchase Date”). In March 2020, all of the remaining Inseego Note holders have waived this right.
Under the terms of the Senior Credit Agreement, interest is paid based on the three-month LIBOR plus 7.65 percent, payable in cash. In the first quarter of 2020 the Credit Agreement was amended such that any interest payment due will be made in shares of Series E Preferred Stock. On March 10, 2020, the Company entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with South Ocean Funding, LLC (“South Ocean”), the Lender, holder of the aggregate principal amount currently outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which provides: (i) that the Company and South Ocean will work together, in good faith, to reach an agreement to amend or refinance the Credit Agreement in order to extend the maturity of the Credit Agreement until a date after March 15, 2021; and (ii) should an agreement not be reached to amend or refinance the Credit Agreement prior to August 23, 2020, upon request of the Company, the maturity date of the Credit Agreement will be extended to no earlier than March 15, 2021.
The Company’s management believes that its cash and cash equivalents, together with anticipated cash flows from operations, will be sufficient to meet its working capital needs for the next twelve months following the filing date of this report. The Company’s ability to transition to more profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenue adequate to support its evolving cost structure.
The Company’s liquidity could be impaired if there is any interruption in its business operations, a material failure to satisfy its contractual commitments or a failure to generate revenue from new or existing products. Ultimately, the Company’s ability to attain profitability and to generate positive cash flow is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support its evolving cost structure and increasing working capital needs. If events or circumstances occur such that the
Company does not meet its operating plan as expected, the Company may be required to raise additional capital, reduce planned research and development activities, incur additional restructuring charges or reduce other operating expenses which could have an adverse impact on its ability to achieve its intended business objectives. There can be no assurance that any required or desired restructuring or financing will be available on terms favorable to the Company, or at all. In addition, in order to obtain additional borrowings, the Company must comply with certain requirements under the Credit Agreement and the Inseego Indenture (as defined below). If additional funds are raised by the issuance of equity securities, Company stockholders could experience dilution of their ownership interests and securities issued may have rights senior to those of the holders of the Company’s common stock. If additional funds are raised by the issuance of debt securities, the Company may be subject to additional limitations on its operations.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Significant estimates include revenue recognition, capitalized software costs, allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, provision for excess and obsolete inventory, valuation of intangible and long-lived assets, valuation of goodwill, royalty costs, accruals relating to litigation and restructuring, income taxes, share-based compensation expense and the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Segment Information
Management has determined that the Company has one reportable segment. The Chief Executive Officer, who is also the Chief Operating Decision Maker, does not manage any part of the Company separately, and the allocation of resources and assessment of performance is based solely on the Company’s consolidated operations and operating results.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at market value, which approximates cost. Gains and losses associated with the Company’s foreign currency denominated demand deposits are recorded as a component of other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable
The Company provides an allowance for its accounts receivable for estimated losses that may result from its customers’ inability to pay. The Company determines the amount of the allowance by analyzing known uncollectible accounts, aged receivables, economic conditions, historical losses, and changes in customer payment cycles and its customers’ creditworthiness. Amounts later determined and specifically identified to be uncollectible are charged or written off against this allowance. To minimize the likelihood of uncollectibility, the Company reviews its customers’ creditworthiness periodically based on credit scores generated by independent credit reporting services, its experience with its customers and the economic condition of its customers’ industries. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of expense for any period if the Company were to make different judgments or utilize different estimates.
Inventories and Provision for Excess and Obsolete Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of net revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company reviews the components of its inventory and its inventory purchase commitments on a regular basis for excess and obsolete inventory based on estimated future usage and sales. Write-downs in inventory value or losses on inventory purchase commitments depend on various items, including factors related to customer demand, economic and competitive conditions, technological advances or new product introductions by the Company or its customers that vary from its current expectations. Whenever inventory is written down, a new cost basis is established and the inventory is not subsequently written up if market conditions improve.
The Company believes that, when made, the estimates used in calculating the inventory provision are reasonable and properly reflect the risk of excess and obsolete inventory. If customer demand for the Company’s inventory is substantially less
than its estimates, inventory write-downs may be required, which could have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are initially stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method. Test equipment, computer equipment, purchased software, furniture and fixtures, product tooling and vehicles are depreciated over lives ranging from thirteen months to six years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the related remaining lease period or useful life. Buildings are depreciated over 50 years. Land is not depreciated. Amortization of equipment under capital leases is included in depreciation expense.
Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of existing property, plant and equipment are capitalized and depreciated. Upon retirement or disposition of property, plant and equipment, any resulting gain or loss is recognized in other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations.
Rental Assets
The cost of rental assets, which represents fleet management and vehicle tracking hardware installed in customers’ vehicles where such hardware is provided as part of a fixed term contract with the customer, is capitalized and disclosed separately in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company depreciates rental assets to costs of net revenues on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract, generally three to four years, commencing on installation of the rental asset.
Software Development Costs for External Use
Software development costs for external use are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time those costs are capitalized as intangible assets until the software is implemented into products sold to customers. Capitalized software development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. Costs incurred to enhance existing software or after the implementation of the software into a product are expensed in the period they are incurred and included in research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
Software Development Costs for Internal Use
Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred and included in research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct and incremental, are capitalized until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalization ceases upon completion of all substantial testing performed to ensure the product is ready for its intended use. The Company also capitalizes costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements of internal-use software when it is probable that the expenditures will result in additional functionality. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal-use software costs are recorded as part of intangible assets and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software. The Company does not capitalize pilot projects and projects for which it believes that the future economic benefits are less than probable. The Company tests these assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances occur that could impact their recoverability.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets include purchased finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of DigiCore Holdings Limited (“DigiCore” or “Ctrack”) and R.E.R. Enterprises, Inc. (“RER”) and its wholly owned subsidiary and principal operating asset, Feeney Wireless, LLC (which was renamed Inseego North America, LLC) (“INA”), along with the costs of non-exclusive and perpetual worldwide software technology licenses and capitalized software developments costs for both internal and external use. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets (see Note 3, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets).
Indefinite-lived assets, including goodwill and in-process capitalized software development costs, are not amortized; however, they are tested for impairment annually, and between annual tests, if certain events occur indicating that the carrying amounts may be impaired. The Company tests goodwill for impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount and an impairment charge is recorded for the amount, if any, by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 the Company recorded no impairment loss related to indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Long-Lived Assets
The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of the unamortized balances of its long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, rental assets and intangible assets, to determine whether impairment of these assets has occurred or whether a revision to the related amortization periods should be made. When the carrying value of an asset exceeds the associated undiscounted expected future cash flows, it is considered to be impaired and is written down to fair value. Fair value is determined based on an evaluation of the assets associated undiscounted future cash flows or appraised value. This evaluation is based on management’s projections of the undiscounted future cash flows associated with each class of asset. If management’s evaluation indicates that the carrying values of these assets are impaired, such impairment is recognized by a reduction of the applicable asset carrying value to its estimated fair value and the impairment is expensed as a part of continuing operations. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded an impairment loss related to long-lived assets of approximately $0.7 million, which is included in other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had no impairment loss related to long-lived assets.
Restructuring
The Company accounts for facility exit costs in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, which requires that a liability for such costs be recognized and measured initially at fair value on the cease-use date based on remaining lease rentals, adjusted for the effects of any prepaid or deferred items recognized, reduced by the estimated sublease rentals that could be reasonably obtained even if the Company does not intend to sublease the facilities.
The Company is required to estimate future sublease income and future net operating expenses of the facilities, among other expenses. The most significant of these estimates relate to the timing and extent of future sublease income which reduce lease obligations, and the probability that such sublease income will be realized. The Company bases its estimates of sublease income, in part, on information from third party real estate experts, current market conditions and rental rates, an assessment of the time period over which reasonable estimates could be made, and the location of the respective facility, among other factors. Further adjustments to the facility exit liability accrual will be required in future periods if actual exit costs or sublease income differ from current estimates. Exit costs recorded by the Company under these provisions are neither associated with, nor do they benefit, continuing activities.
Convertible Debt
The Company accounts for its convertible debt instruments that are settleable in cash upon conversion (including partial cash settlement) by separating the liability and equity components of the instruments in a manner that reflects the Company’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. The Company determines the carrying amount of the liability component by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that do not have the conversion feature. If a similar debt instrument does not exist, the Company estimates the fair value by using assumptions that market participants would use in pricing a debt instrument, including market interest rates, credit standing, yield curves and volatilities. Determining the fair value of the debt component requires the use of accounting estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions are judgmental in nature and could have a significant impact on the determination of the debt component and the associated non-cash interest expense.
Upon issuance, the Company assigns a value to the debt component equal to the estimated fair value of similar debt instruments without the conversion feature, which could result in the Company recording the debt instrument at a discount. If the debt instrument is recorded at a discount, the Company amortizes the debt discount over the life of the debt instrument as additional non-cash interest expense utilizing the effective interest method.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenue from a broad range of product sales including intelligent wireless hardware products for the worldwide mobile communications and industrial IoT markets. The Company’s products principally include intelligent mobile hotspots, wireless routers for IoT applications, USB modems, integrated telematics and mobile tracking hardware devices, which are supported by applications software and cloud services designed to enable customers to easily analyze data insights and configure and manage their hardware. 
The Company classifies its revenues from the sale of its products and services into two distinct groupings, specifically IoT & Mobile Solutions and Enterprise SaaS Solutions. Both IoT & Mobile Solutions and Enterprise SaaS Solutions revenues include any hardware and software required for the respective solution.
Net revenues by product grouping for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands):
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
IoT & Mobile Solutions
$
154,167

 
$
135,349

Enterprise SaaS Solutions
65,329

 
67,114

Total
$
219,496

 
$
202,463


See geographic disaggregation information in Note 12, Geographic Information and Concentrations of Risk.
IoT & Mobile Solutions. The IoT & Mobile Solutions portfolio is comprised of end-to-end edge to cloud solutions including 4G LTE mobile broadband gateways, routers, modems, hotspots, HD quality VoLTE based wireless home phones, cloud management software and an advanced 5G portfolio of products (currently in various stages of development). The solutions are offered under the MiFi and MiFiiQ brands for consumer and business markets, and under the Skyus brand for industrial IoT markets.
Enterprise SaaS Solutions. The Enterprise SaaS Solutions consist of various subscription offerings to gain access to the Company’s Ctrack telematics platforms, which provide fleet vehicle, aviation ground vehicle and asset tracking and performance information, and other telematics applications, and the Company’s Device Management System (“DMS”), a hosted software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) platform that helps organizations manage the selection, deployment and spend of their customer’s wireless assets, helping them save money on personnel and telecom expenses.
Contracts with Customers
The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (as amended, “ASC 606”), effective January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not substantially completed as of January 1, 2018. ASC 606 provides guidance on recognizing revenue, including a five-step model to determine when revenue recognition is appropriate. The standard requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
The Company routinely enters into a variety of agreements with customers, including quality agreements, pricing agreements and master supply agreements which outline the general commercial terms and conditions under which the Company does business with a specific customer, including shipping terms and pricing for the products and services that the Company offers. The Company also sells to some customers solely based on purchase orders. The Company has concluded, for the vast majority of its revenues, that its contracts with customers are either a purchase order or the combination of a purchase order with a master supply agreement.
The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five steps:
1)
identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;
2)
identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
3)
determination of the transaction price;
4)
allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
5)
recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.
The Company’s performance obligations are established when a customer submits a purchase order notification (in writing, electronically or verbally) for goods and services, and the Company accepts the order. The Company identifies performance obligations as the delivery of the requested product or service in appropriate quantities and to the location specified in the customer’s contract and/or purchase order. The Company generally recognizes revenue upon the satisfaction of these criteria when control of the product or service has been transferred to the customer at which time it has an unconditional right to receive payment. The Company’s prices are fixed and have no history of being affected by contingent events that could impact the transaction price. The Company does not offer price concessions and does not accept payment that is less than the price stated when it accepts the purchase order.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that may include various combinations of products and services which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations.
Hardware. Hardware revenue from the sale of the Company’s IoT & Mobile Solutions devices is recognized when the Company transfers control to the customer, typically at the time when the product is delivered, shipped or installed at which time the title passes to the customer, and there are no further performance obligations with regards to the hardware device.
SaaS and Other Services. SaaS subscription revenue is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that its service is made available to the customer. Subscription periods range from monthly to multi-year, with the majority of contracts being one to three years. Telematics includes a device which collects and transmits the information from the vehicle or other asset. The Company’s customers have an option to purchase the monitoring device or lease it over the term of the contract. If the customer purchases the hardware device, the Company recognizes the revenue at a point in time as discussed above in the hardware revenue recognition disclosure. Prior to adoption of FASB ASC, Leases (“ASC 842”), on January 1, 2019, if the customer chose to lease the monitoring device, the Company accounted for the monitoring device lease as an operating lease, recognized the revenue for the monitoring device lease over the term of the contract and recorded such revenue in accordance with the previous lease accounting guidance in ASC 840, Leases. Under the new standard, because the Company’s rental asset lease contracts qualify as operating leases under ASC 842 and the contracts also include services to operate the underlying asset, and to maintain the asset, the Company has elected the practical expedient to combine the lease and the non-lease components because the service is the predominant element in the eyes of the customer and the pattern of service delivery is the same for both elements. The Company recognizes revenue over time on a ratable basis over the term of the contract.
Maintenance and support services revenue. Periodically, the Company sells separately-priced warranty contracts that extend beyond the Company’s base warranty period. The separately priced service contracts range from 12 months to 36 months. The Company typically receives payment at the inception of the contract and recognizes revenue as earned on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract.
Professional services revenue. From time to time, the Company enters into special engineering design service agreements. Revenues from engineering design services are designed to meet specifications of a particular product, and therefore do not create an asset with an alternative use. The Company recognizes revenue based on the achievement of certain applicable milestones and the amount of payment the Company believes it is entitled to at the time.
With respect to revenue related to third party product sales or other arrangements that involve the services of another party, for which the Company does not control the sale or service and acts as an agent to the transaction, the Company recognizes revenue on a net basis. The portion of the gross amount billed to customers that is remitted by the Company to another party is not reflected as revenue.
Multiple Performance Obligations
The Company’s contracts with customers may include commitments to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. When hardware, software and services are sold in various combinations, judgment is required to determine whether each performance obligation is considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with other performance obligations. The Company considered the performance obligations in its customer master supply agreements and determined that, for the majority of its revenue, the Company generally satisfies performance obligations at a point in time upon delivery of the product to the customer.
In instances where the software elements included within hardware for various products are considered to be functioning together with non-software elements to provide the tangible product’s essential functionality, these arrangements are accounted for as a single distinct performance obligation.
Judgment is required to determine the stand-alone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation. When available, the Company uses observable inputs to determine SSP. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, it determines the SSP based on a cost-plus model as market and other observable inputs are seldom present based on the proprietary nature of the Company’s products.
Contract Liabilities
Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. If customers are invoiced for subscription services in advance of the service period, deferred revenue liabilities, or contract liabilities, are recorded. Deferred revenue liabilities, or contract liabilities, are also recorded when the Company collects payments in advance of performing the services.
Contract Assets
The Company capitalizes sales commissions earned by its sales force when they are considered to be incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs are deferred and then amortized over a period of benefit. There were no significant amounts of assets recorded related to contract costs as of December 31, 2019.
Applying the practical expedient in paragraph 40-25-4 of ASC 340, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Significant Judgments in the Application of the Guidance in ASC 606
Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. The Company considered the performance obligations in its customer master supply agreements and determined that, for the majority of its revenue, the Company generally satisfies performance obligations at a point in time upon delivery of the product to the customer.
Revenues from the Company’s SaaS subscription services represent a single promise to provide continuous access to its software solutions and their processing capabilities in the form of a service through one of the Company’s data centers or a hosted data center. As each day of providing access to the software is substantially the same, and the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as access is provided, the Company has determined that its subscription services arrangements include a single performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct services. The Company’s SaaS subscriptions also include an unspecified volume of call center support and any remote system diagnostic and software upgrades as needed. These services are combined with the recurring monthly subscription service since they are highly interrelated and interdependent. Revenue from the Company’s subscription services is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer.
Shipping and Handling Charges
Fees charged to customers for shipping and handling of products are included in product revenues, and costs for shipping and handling of products are included as a component of cost of sales.
Taxes Collected from Customers
Taxes collected on the value of transaction revenue are excluded from product and services revenues and cost of sales and are accrued in current liabilities until remitted to governmental authorities.
Foreign Currency Transactions
Foreign currency transactions are transactions denominated in a currency other than a subsidiary’s functional currency. A change in the exchange rates between a subsidiary’s functional currency and the currency in which a transaction is denominated increases or decreases the expected amount of functional currency cash flows upon settlement of the transaction. That increase or decrease in expected functional currency cash flows is reported by the Company as a foreign currency transaction gain (loss). The primary component of the Company’s foreign currency transaction gain (loss) is due to agreements in place with certain subsidiaries in foreign countries regarding intercompany transactions. Based upon historical experience, the Company anticipates repayment of these transactions in the foreseeable future, and recognizes the realized and unrealized gains (losses) on these transactions that result from foreign currency changes in the period in which they occur as foreign currency transaction gain (loss), which is recorded as other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of the Company’s international subsidiaries in which the local currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. Dollars at period-end exchange rates. Income and expenses are translated into U.S. Dollars at the average
exchange rates during the period. The resulting translation adjustments are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Income Taxes
The Company recognizes federal, state and foreign current tax liabilities or assets based on its estimate of taxes payable to or refundable by tax authorities in the current fiscal year. The Company also recognizes federal, state and foreign deferred tax liabilities or assets based on the Company’s estimate of future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
Deferred tax assets are reduced by valuation allowances if, based on the consideration of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company evaluates deferred income taxes on a quarterly basis to determine if valuation allowances are required by considering available evidence. If the Company is unable to generate sufficient future taxable income in certain tax jurisdictions, or if there is a material change in the actual effective tax rates or time period within which the underlying temporary differences become taxable or deductible, the Company could be required to increase its valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets which could result in an increase in the Company’s effective tax rate and an adverse impact on operating results. The Company will continue to evaluate the necessity of the valuation allowance based on the remaining deferred tax assets.
The Company follows the accounting guidance related to financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes the impact of an uncertain income tax position on an income tax return at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Uncertain tax positions are recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met or from changes in circumstances such as the expiration of applicable statutes of limitations.
Litigation
The Company is, from time to time, party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a loss when information indicates that a loss is both probable and estimable. Where a liability is probable and there is a range of estimated loss with no best estimate in the range, the Company records the minimum estimated liability related to the claim. As additional information becomes available, the Company assesses the potential liability related to the Company’s pending litigation and revises its estimates, if necessary. The Company expenses litigation costs as incurred.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company has granted stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees, non-employee consultants and non-employee members of our Board of Directors. The Company also has an employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) for eligible employees. The Company measures the compensation cost associated with all share-based payments based on grant date fair values. The fair value of each stock option and stock purchase right is estimated on the date of grant using an option pricing model that meets certain requirements. The Company generally uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of its stock options and stock purchase rights. The Black-Scholes model is considered an acceptable model but the fair values generated by it may not be indicative of the actual fair values of the Company’s equity awards as it does not consider certain factors important to those awards to recipients, such as continued service and periodic vesting requirements, as well as limited transferability. The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by the Company’s stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.
For grants of stock options, the Company uses a blend of historical and implied volatility for traded options on its stock in order to estimate the expected volatility assumption required in the Black-Scholes model. The Company’s use of a blended volatility estimate in computing the expected volatility assumption for stock options is based on its belief that while the implied volatility is representative of expected future volatility, the historical volatility over the expected term of the award is also an indicator of expected future volatility. Due to the short duration of stock purchase rights under the Company’s ESPP, the Company utilizes historical volatility in order to estimate the expected volatility assumption of the Black-Scholes model.
The expected term of stock options granted is estimated using historical experience. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected terms of the Company’s stock options and stock purchase rights. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of no dividend payouts. The Company
estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises these estimates, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company estimates its forfeiture rate assumption for all types of share-based compensation awards based on historical forfeiture rates related to each category of award.
Compensation cost associated with grants of restricted stock units are measured at fair value, which has historically been the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.
The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of each individual award, which generally equals the vesting period, using the straight-line method for awards that contain only service conditions. For awards that contain performance conditions, the Company recognizes the share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis for each vesting tranche.
The Company evaluates the assumptions used to value stock awards on a quarterly basis. If factors change and the Company employs different assumptions, share-based compensation expense may differ significantly from what it has recorded in the past. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested securities, the Company may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned share-based compensation expense.
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Inseego Corp.
The Company computes basic and diluted per share data for all periods for which a statement of operations is presented. Basic net loss per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares that were outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to acquire common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from the diluted EPS computation in loss periods as their effect would be anti-dilutive.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s fair value measurements relate to its cash equivalents and money market funds, which are classified pursuant to authoritative guidance for fair value measurements. The Company places its cash equivalents in instruments that meet credit quality standards, as specified in its investment policy guidelines. These guidelines also limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issue, issuer or type of instrument.
The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of long-term debt. From time to time, the Company may utilize foreign exchange forward contracts. These contracts are valued using pricing models that take into account the currency rates as of the balance sheet date.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss consists of net earnings and foreign currency translation adjustments.
Prior Period Reclassifications
Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.
New Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB, which are adopted by the Company as of the specified date.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The amendment eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The amendment also clarifies existing guidance related to the recognition of franchise tax, the evaluation of a step up in the tax basis of goodwill, and the effects of enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the effective tax rate computation, among other clarifications. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company early adopted the pronouncement effective for the fourth quarter 2019, the impact of which was not material to the 2019 consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial InstrumentsCredit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either financing or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification determines whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are accounted for similar to previous guidance for operating leases. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to previous guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019, the date it became effective for public companies, using the modified retrospective approach whereby the cumulative effect of adoption was recognized on the adoption date and prior periods were not restated. There was no net cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2019 as a result of this adoption. Upon adoption, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted within the standard, which among other things, allows for the carryforward of historical lease classification. The Company also elected the practical expedient provided in a subsequent amendment to the standard that removed the requirement to separate lease and non-lease components, provided certain conditions were met. Refer to Note 10, Leases, for the impact of the adoption of this guidance on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.