10-Q

J

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, INC.

SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (Simon Property Group, Inc.) Delaware (Simon Property Group, L.P.) (State of incorporation or organization)	001-14469 (Simon Property Group, Inc.) 001-36110 (Simon Property Group, L.P.) (Commission File No.)	04-6268599 (Simon Property Group, Inc.) 34-1755769 (Simon Property Group, L.P.) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
225 West Washington Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 (Address of principal executive offices)
(317) 636-1600 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

	Title of each class	Trading Symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Simon Property Group, Inc.	Common stock, $0.0001 par value	SPG	New York Stock Exchange
Simon Property Group, Inc.	83/8% Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value	SPGJ	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Simon Property Group, Inc. Yes ⌧ No ◻ Simon Property Group, L.P. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).

Simon Property Group, Inc. Yes ⌧ No ◻ Simon Property Group, L.P. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Simon Property Group, Inc.:
Large accelerated filer ⌧	Accelerated filer ◻	Non-accelerated filer ◻	Smaller reporting company ◻
			Emerging growth company ◻
Simon Property Group, L.P.:
Large accelerated filer ◻	Accelerated filer ◻	Non-accelerated filer ⌧	Smaller reporting company ◻
			Emerging growth company ◻

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  

Simon Property Group, Inc. ◻ Simon Property Group, L.P. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether Registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). 

Simon Property Group, Inc. Yes ◻ No ⌧ Simon Property Group, L.P. Yes ◻ No ⌧

As of March 31, 2023, Simon Property Group, Inc. had 326,988,470 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 8,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding. Simon Property Group, L.P. has no common stock outstanding.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023 of Simon Property Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Simon Property Group, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Simon” mean Simon Property Group, Inc. and references to the “Operating Partnership” mean Simon Property Group, L.P. References to “we,” “us” and “our” mean collectively Simon, the Operating Partnership and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Simon and/or the Operating Partnership.

Simon is a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. We are structured as an umbrella partnership REIT under which substantially all of our business is conducted through the Operating Partnership, Simon’s majority-owned partnership subsidiary, for which Simon is the general partner. As of March 31, 2023, Simon owned an approximate 87.4% ownership interest in the Operating Partnership, with the remaining 12.6% ownership interest owned by limited partners. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, Simon has exclusive control of the Operating Partnership’s day-to-day management.

We operate Simon and the Operating Partnership as one business. The management of Simon consists of the same members as the management of the Operating Partnership. As general partner with control of the Operating Partnership, Simon consolidates the Operating Partnership for financial reporting purposes, and Simon has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Operating Partnership. Therefore, the assets and liabilities of Simon and the Operating Partnership are the same on their respective financial statements.

We believe that combining the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q of Simon and the Operating Partnership into this single report provides the following benefits:

● enhances investors’ understanding of Simon and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;

● eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined presentation since substantially all of the disclosure in this report applies to both Simon and the Operating Partnership; and

● creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

We believe it is important for investors to understand the few differences between Simon and the Operating Partnership in the context of how we operate as a consolidated company. The primary difference is that Simon itself does not conduct business, other than acting as the general partner of the Operating Partnership and issuing equity or equity-related instruments from time to time. In addition, Simon itself does not incur any indebtedness, as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership or entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by the Operating Partnership.

The Operating Partnership holds, directly or indirectly, substantially all of our assets, including our ownership interests in our joint ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts substantially all of our business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from equity issuances by Simon, which are contributed to the capital of the Operating Partnership in exchange for, in the case of common stock issuances by Simon, common units of partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, or units, or, in the case of preferred stock issuances by Simon, preferred units of partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, or preferred units, the Operating Partnership, directly or indirectly, generates the capital required by our business through its operations, the incurrence of indebtedness, proceeds received from the disposition of certain properties and joint ventures and the issuance of units or preferred units to third parties.

The presentation of stockholders’ equity, partners’ equity and noncontrolling interests are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of Simon and those of the Operating Partnership. The differences between stockholders’ equity and partners’ equity result from differences in the equity issued at the Simon and Operating Partnership levels. The units held by limited partners in the Operating Partnership are accounted for as partners’ equity in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements and as noncontrolling interests in Simon’s financial statements. The noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements include the interests of unaffiliated partners in various consolidated partnerships. The noncontrolling interests in Simon’s financial statements include the same noncontrolling interests at the Operating Partnership level and, as previously stated, the units held by limited partners of the Operating Partnership. Although classified differently, total equity of Simon and the Operating Partnership is the same.

To help investors understand the differences between Simon and the Operating Partnership, this report provides:

● separate consolidated financial statements for Simon and the Operating Partnership;

● a single set of condensed notes to such consolidated financial statements that includes separate discussions of noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ equity or partners’ equity, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and per share and per unit data, as applicable;

2

● a combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section that also includes discrete information related to each entity; and

● separate Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds sections related to each entity.

This report also includes separate Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for each of Simon and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that Simon and the Operating Partnership are each compliant with Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. §1350. The separate discussions of Simon and the Operating Partnership in this report should be read in conjunction with each other to understand our results on a consolidated basis and how management operates our business.

In order to highlight the differences between Simon and the Operating Partnership, the separate sections in this report for Simon and the Operating Partnership specifically refer to Simon and the Operating Partnership. In the sections that combine disclosure of Simon and the Operating Partnership, this report refers to actions or holdings of Simon and the Operating Partnership as being “our” actions or holdings. Although the Operating Partnership is generally the entity that directly or indirectly enters into contracts and joint ventures, holds assets and incurs debt, we believe that references to “we,” “us” or “our” in this context is appropriate because the business is one enterprise and we operate substantially all of our business through the Operating Partnership.

3

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Form 10-Q

INDEX

			Page
Part I — Financial Information
	Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements of Simon Property Group, Inc. (Unaudited)
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	5
		Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	6
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	7
		Consolidated Statements of Equity at March 31, 2023 and 2022	8
		Consolidated Financial Statements of Simon Property Group, L.P. (Unaudited)
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	10
		Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	11
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	12
		Consolidated Statements of Equity at March 31, 2023 and 2022	13
		Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	15
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
	Item 3.	Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk	46
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	46
Part II — Other Information
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	47
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	47
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	47
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	47
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	47
	Item 5.	Other Information	47
	Item 6.	Exhibits	48
Signatures			49

4

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	$	38,505,497	$	38,326,912
Less - accumulated depreciation		16,823,305		16,563,749
		21,682,192		21,763,163
Cash and cash equivalents		1,155,423		621,628
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		779,702		823,540
Investment in TRG, at equity		3,062,030		3,074,345
Investment in Klépierre, at equity		1,541,743		1,561,112
Investment in other unconsolidated entities, at equity		3,440,532		3,511,263
Right-of-use assets, net		494,591		496,930
Deferred costs and other assets		1,141,583		1,159,293
Total assets	$	33,297,796	$	33,011,274
LIABILITIES:
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	$	25,569,968	$	24,960,286
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues		1,351,870		1,491,583
Cash distributions and losses in unconsolidated entities, at equity		1,703,448		1,699,828
Dividend payable		2,436		1,997
Lease liabilities		495,573		497,953
Other liabilities		497,210		535,736
Total liabilities		29,620,505		29,187,383
Commitments and contingencies
Limited partners’ preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests		224,419		212,239
EQUITY:
Stockholders’ Equity
Capital stock (850,000,000 total shares authorized, $0.0001 par value, 238,000,000 shares of excess common stock, 100,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock):
Series J 83/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 796,948 issued and outstanding with a liquidation value of $39,847		41,352		41,435
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 511,990,000 shares authorized, 342,905,419 and 342,905,419 issued and outstanding, respectively		34		34
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000 shares authorized, 8,000 issued and outstanding		—		—
Capital in excess of par value		11,231,471		11,232,881
Accumulated deficit		(6,069,767)		(5,926,974)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(160,854)		(164,873)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost, 15,916,949 and 15,959,628 shares, respectively		(2,038,723)		(2,043,979)
Total stockholders’ equity		3,003,513		3,138,524
Noncontrolling interests		449,359		473,128
Total equity		3,452,872		3,611,652
Total liabilities and equity	$	33,297,796	$	33,011,274

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

5

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	1,248,185	$	1,207,867
Management fees and other revenues		28,949		27,587
Other income		73,715		60,468
Total revenue		1,350,849		1,295,922
EXPENSES:
Property operating		111,748		103,664
Depreciation and amortization		307,059		310,163
Real estate taxes		111,159		111,691
Repairs and maintenance		22,174		22,304
Advertising and promotion		24,159		25,263
Home and regional office costs		56,820		52,197
General and administrative		9,107		7,833
Other		45,900		42,416
Total operating expenses		688,126		675,531
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS		662,723		620,391
Interest expense		(199,429)		(185,159)
Income and other tax benefit		13,453		1,435
Income from unconsolidated entities		21,900		81,184
Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net		20,608		(31,032)
Gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—		1,491
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		519,255		488,310
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		66,594		60,846
Preferred dividends		834		834
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	451,827	$	426,630
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	1.38	$	1.30
Consolidated Net Income	$	519,255	$	488,310
Unrealized gain on derivative hedge agreements		5,672		16,833
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings		(501)		(387)
Currency translation adjustments		(751)		1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other		194		(521)
Comprehensive income		523,869		505,540
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		67,189		62,982
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	456,680	$	442,558

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

6

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated Net Income	$	519,255	$	488,310
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		322,392		324,124
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—		(1,491)
Unrealized (gains) losses in fair value of equity instruments		(20,608)		31,032
Straight-line lease loss		6,912		9,254
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities		(21,900)		(81,184)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities		119,146		121,448
Changes in assets and liabilities
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		25,774		89,958
Deferred costs and other assets		3,981		(41,214)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, deferred revenues and other		(126,271)		(148,368)
Net cash provided by operating activities		828,681		791,869
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisitions		(27,712)		—
Funding of loans to related parties		(6,500)		(125,357)
Repayments of loans to related parties		2,913		71,930
Capital expenditures, net		(166,070)		(154,649)
Investments in unconsolidated entities		(10,664)		(124,429)
Purchase of equity instruments		—		(6,390)
Proceeds from sales of equity instruments		978		25,986
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities and other		47,315		213,010
Net cash used in investing activities		(159,740)		(99,899)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sales of common stock and other, net of transaction costs		(83)		(82)
Purchase of shares related to stock grant recipients' tax withholdings		(2,624)		(3,757)
Redemption of limited partner units		(2,858)		(147)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in properties		(5,525)		(1,205)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in properties		6,459		4,833
Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership		(479)		(479)
Distributions to stockholders and preferred dividends		(590,434)		(543,010)
Distributions to limited partners		(85,163)		(78,024)
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of transaction costs		1,412,721		2,433,167
Repayments of debt		(867,160)		(2,522,273)
Net cash used in financing activities		(135,146)		(710,977)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		533,795		(19,007)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period		621,628		533,936
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	$	1,155,423	$	514,929

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

7

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)

					Accumulated						Common
					Other		Capital in				Stock
	Preferred		Common		Comprehensive		Excess of		Accumulated		Held in		Noncontrolling		Total
	Stock		Stock		Income (Loss)		Par Value		Deficit		Treasury		interests		Equity
December 31, 2022	$	41,435	$	34	$	(164,873)	$	11,232,881	$	(5,926,974)	$	(2,043,979)	$	473,128	$	3,611,652
Series J preferred stock premium amortization		(83)														(83)
Stock incentive program (65,017 common shares)								(7,880)				7,880				—
Redemption of limited partner units (22,442 units)								(2,645)						(213)		(2,858)
Amortization of stock incentive								5,379								5,379
Long-term incentive performance units														3,382		3,382
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (22,338 common shares repurchased)										(5,020)		(2,624)		189		(7,455)
Unrealized gain on hedging activities						4,959								713		5,672
Currency translation adjustments						(671)								(80)		(751)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other						169								25		194
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings						(438)								(63)		(501)
Other comprehensive income (loss)						4,019								595		4,614
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership								3,736						(3,736)		—
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(590,434)				(85,163)		(675,597)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners														(4,366)		(4,366)
Net income, excluding $479 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and $572 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										452,661				65,543		518,204
March 31, 2023	$	41,352	$	34	$	(160,854)	$	11,231,471	$	(6,069,767)	$	(2,038,723)	$	449,359	$	3,452,872

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

8

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)

					Accumulated						Common
					Other		Capital in				Stock
	Preferred		Common		Comprehensive		Excess of		Accumulated		Held in		Noncontrolling		Total
	Stock		Stock		Income (Loss)		Par Value		Deficit		Treasury		interests		Equity
December 31, 2021	$	41,763	$	34	$	(185,186)	$	11,212,990	$	(5,823,708)	$	(1,884,441)	$	491,533	$	3,852,985
Exchange of limited partner units (2,680 common shares, note 8)								27						(27)		—
Series J preferred stock premium amortization		(82)														(82)
Stock incentive program (47,804 common shares)								(6,864)				6,864				—
Redemption of limited partner units (1,000 units)								(137)						(10)		(147)
Amortization of stock incentive								3,705								3,705
Long-term incentive performance units														3,895		3,895
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (23,514 common shares repurchased)								1		(9,007)		(3,757)		(262)		(13,025)
Unrealized gain on hedging activities						14,715								2,118		16,833
Currency translation adjustments						1,170								135		1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other						(455)								(66)		(521)
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings						(338)								(49)		(387)
Other comprehensive income (loss)						15,092								2,138		17,230
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership								3,899						(3,899)		—
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(543,010)				(78,024)		(621,034)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners														(60)		(60)
Net income, excluding $479 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and a $1,269 loss attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										427,464				61,636		489,100
March 31, 2022	$	41,681	$	34	$	(170,094)	$	11,213,621	$	(5,948,261)	$	(1,881,334)	$	476,920	$	3,732,567

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

9

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, except unit amounts)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	$	38,505,497	$	38,326,912
Less — accumulated depreciation		16,823,305		16,563,749
		21,682,192		21,763,163
Cash and cash equivalents		1,155,423		621,628
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		779,702		823,540
Investment in TRG, at equity		3,062,030		3,074,345
Investment in Klépierre, at equity		1,541,743		1,561,112
Investment in other unconsolidated entities, at equity		3,440,532		3,511,263
Right-of-use assets, net		494,591		496,930
Deferred costs and other assets		1,141,583		1,159,293
Total assets	$	33,297,796	$	33,011,274
LIABILITIES:
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	$	25,569,968	$	24,960,286
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues		1,351,870		1,491,583
Cash distributions and losses in unconsolidated entities, at equity		1,703,448		1,699,828
Distribution payable		2,436		1,997
Lease liabilities		495,573		497,953
Other liabilities		497,210		535,736
Total liabilities		29,620,505		29,187,383
Commitments and contingencies
Preferred units, various series, at liquidation value, and noncontrolling redeemable interests		224,419		212,239
EQUITY:
Partners’ Equity
Preferred units, 796,948 units outstanding. Liquidation value of $39,847		41,352		41,435
General Partner, 326,996,470 and 326,953,791 units outstanding, respectively		2,962,161		3,097,089
Limited Partners, 47,280,516 and 47,302,958 units outstanding, respectively		428,295		448,076
Total partners’ equity		3,431,808		3,586,600
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		21,064		25,052
Total equity		3,452,872		3,611,652
Total liabilities and equity	$	33,297,796	$	33,011,274

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

10

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(Dollars in thousands, except per unit amounts)

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	1,248,185	$	1,207,867
Management fees and other revenues		28,949		27,587
Other income		73,715		60,468
Total revenue		1,350,849		1,295,922
EXPENSES:
Property operating		111,748		103,664
Depreciation and amortization		307,059		310,163
Real estate taxes		111,159		111,691
Repairs and maintenance		22,174		22,304
Advertising and promotion		24,159		25,263
Home and regional office costs		56,820		52,197
General and administrative		9,107		7,833
Other		45,900		42,416
Total operating expenses		688,126		675,531
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS		662,723		620,391
Interest expense		(199,429)		(185,159)
Income and other tax benefit		13,453		1,435
Income from unconsolidated entities		21,900		81,184
Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net		20,608		(31,032)
Gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—		1,491
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		519,255		488,310
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		762		(996)
Preferred unit requirements		1,313		1,313
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS	$	517,180	$	487,993
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS ATTRIBUTABLE TO:
General Partner	$	451,827	$	426,630
Limited Partners		65,353		61,363
Net income attributable to unitholders	$	517,180	$	487,993
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER UNIT:
Net income attributable to unitholders	$	1.38	$	1.30
Consolidated Net Income	$	519,255	$	488,310
Unrealized gain on derivative hedge agreements		5,672		16,833
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings		(501)		(387)
Currency translation adjustments		(751)		1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other		194		(521)
Comprehensive income		523,869		505,540
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		190		273
Comprehensive income attributable to unitholders	$	523,679	$	505,267

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

11

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated Net Income	$	519,255	$	488,310
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		322,392		324,124
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—		(1,491)
Unrealized (gains) losses in fair value of equity instruments		(20,608)		31,032
Straight-line lease loss		6,912		9,254
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities		(21,900)		(81,184)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities		119,146		121,448
Changes in assets and liabilities
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		25,774		89,958
Deferred costs and other assets		3,981		(41,214)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, deferred revenues and other		(126,271)		(148,368)
Net cash provided by operating activities		828,681		791,869
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisitions		(27,712)		—
Funding of loans to related parties		(6,500)		(125,357)
Repayments of loans to related parties		2,913		71,930
Capital expenditures, net		(166,070)		(154,649)
Investments in unconsolidated entities		(10,664)		(124,429)
Purchase of equity instruments		—		(6,390)
Proceeds from sale of equity instruments		978		25,986
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities and other		47,315		213,010
Net cash used in investing activities		(159,740)		(99,899)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of units and other		(83)		(82)
Purchase of units related to stock grant recipients' tax withholdings		(2,624)		(3,757)
Redemption of limited partner units		(2,858)		(147)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in properties		(5,525)		(1,205)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in properties		6,459		4,833
Partnership distributions		(676,076)		(621,513)
Mortgage and unsecured indebtedness proceeds, net of transaction costs		1,412,721		2,433,167
Mortgage and unsecured indebtedness principal payments		(867,160)		(2,522,273)
Net cash used in financing activities		(135,146)		(710,977)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		533,795		(19,007)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period		621,628		533,936
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	$	1,155,423	$	514,929

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

12

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)

	Preferred		Simon (Managing		Limited		Noncontrolling		Total
	Units		General Partner)		Partners		interests		Equity
December 31, 2022	$	41,435	$	3,097,089	$	448,076	$	25,052	$	3,611,652
Series J preferred stock premium and amortization		(83)								(83)
Stock incentive program (65,017 common units)				—						—
Amortization of stock incentive				5,379						5,379
Redemption of limited partner units (22,442 units)				(2,645)		(213)				(2,858)
Long-term incentive performance units						3,382				3,382
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (22,338 common units)				(7,644)		1		188		(7,455)
Unrealized gain on hedging activities				4,959		713				5,672
Currency translation adjustments				(671)		(80)				(751)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other				169		25				194
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings				(438)		(63)				(501)
Other comprehensive income (loss)				4,019		595				4,614
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership				3,736		(3,736)				—
Distributions, excluding distributions on preferred interests classified as temporary equity		(834)		(589,600)		(85,163)		(4,366)		(679,963)
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units of $479 and $572 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		834		451,827		65,353		190		518,204
March 31, 2023	$	41,352	$	2,962,161	$	428,295	$	21,064	$	3,452,872

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

13

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)

	Preferred		Simon (Managing		Limited		Noncontrolling		Total
	Units		General Partner)		Partners		interests		Equity
December 31, 2021	$	41,763	$	3,319,689	$	477,292	$	14,241	$	3,852,985
Series J preferred stock premium and amortization		(82)								(82)
Limited partner units exchanged to common units (2,680 units)				27		(27)				—
Stock incentive program (47,804 common units)				—						—
Amortization of stock incentive				3,705						3,705
Redemption of limited partner units (1,000 units)				(137)		(10)				(147)
Long-term incentive performance units						3,895				3,895
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (72,442 LTIP units and 23,514 common units)				(12,763)		(2)		(260)		(13,025)
Unrealized gain on hedging activities				14,715		2,118				16,833
Currency translation adjustments				1,170		135				1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other				(455)		(66)				(521)
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings				(338)		(49)				(387)
Other comprehensive income (loss)				15,092		2,138				17,230
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership				3,899		(3,899)				—
Distributions, excluding distributions on preferred interests classified as temporary equity		(834)		(542,176)		(78,024)		(60)		(621,094)
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units of $479 and a $1,269 loss attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		834		426,630		61,363		273		489,100
March 31, 2022	$	41,681	$	3,213,966	$	462,726	$	14,194	$	3,732,567

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

14

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

1. Organization

Simon Property Group, Inc. is a Delaware corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. REITs will generally not be liable for U.S. federal corporate income taxes as long as they distribute not less than 100% of their REIT taxable income.  Simon Property Group, L.P. is our majority-owned Delaware partnership subsidiary that owns all of our real estate properties and other assets.  According to the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to pay all expenses of Simon.  In these condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to "Simon" mean Simon Property Group, Inc. and references to the "Operating Partnership" mean Simon Property Group, L.P.  References to "we," "us" and "our" mean collectively Simon, the Operating Partnership and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Simon and/or the Operating Partnership.  Unless otherwise indicated, these condensed notes to consolidated financial statements apply to both Simon and the Operating Partnership.

We own, develop and manage premier shopping, dining, entertainment and mixed-use destinations, which consist primarily of malls, Premium Outlets^®, and The Mills^®. As of March 31, 2023, we owned or held an interest in 196 income-producing properties in the United States, which consisted of 93 malls, 69 Premium Outlets, 14 Mills, six lifestyle centers, and 14 other retail properties in 37 states and Puerto Rico. We also own an 80% noncontrolling interest in the Taubman Realty Group, LLC, or TRG, which has an interest in 24 regional, super-regional, and outlet malls in the U.S. and Asia. Internationally, as of March 31, 2023, we had ownership in 34 Premium Outlets and Designer Outlet properties primarily located in Asia, Europe, and Canada. As of March 31, 2023, we also owned a 22.4% equity stake in Klépierre SA, or Klépierre, a publicly traded, Paris-based real estate company which owns, or has an interest in, shopping centers located in 14 countries in Europe.

2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all controlled subsidiaries, and all significant intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Due to the seasonal nature of certain operational activities, the results for the interim periods ended March 31, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation (including normal recurring accruals) have been included. The consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the combined 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership. Certain reclassifications considered necessary for a fair presentation have been made to the prior period financial statements in order to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have not changed the results of operations.

As of March 31, 2023, we consolidated 130 wholly-owned properties and 18 additional properties that are less than wholly-owned, but which we control or for which we are the primary beneficiary. We apply the equity method of accounting to the other 82 properties (the joint venture properties) and our investments in Klépierre and TRG, as well as our investments (collectively, our other platform investments) in retail operations (J.C. Penney and SPARC Group); an intellectual property and licensing venture (Authentic Brands Group, LLC, or ABG); an e-commerce venture (Rue Gilt Groupe, or RGG); and Jamestown (a global real estate investment and management company). We manage the day-to-day operations of 51 of the 82 joint venture properties, but have determined that our partner or partners have substantive participating rights with respect to the assets and operations of these joint venture properties. Our investments in joint ventures in Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand, Canada, Spain, and the United Kingdom comprise 24 of the remaining 31 properties. These international properties and TRG are managed by joint ventures in which we share control.

Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership are accrued at declaration and represent distributions on outstanding preferred units of partnership interests, or preferred units, and are included in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. We allocate net operating results of the Operating Partnership after preferred distributions to limited partners and to Simon based on the partners’ respective weighted average ownership interests in the Operating Partnership.  Net operating results of the Operating Partnership attributable to limited partners are reflected in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. Simon’s weighted average ownership interest in the Operating Partnership was 87.4% for both the three months ended March 31, 2023

15

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

and 2022. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Simon’s ownership interest in the Operating Partnership was 87.4%. We adjust the noncontrolling limited partners’ interests at the end of each period to reflect their interest in the net assets of the Operating Partnership.

Preferred unit requirements in the Operating Partnership’s accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income represent distributions on outstanding preferred units and are recorded when declared.

3. Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents generally consist of commercial paper, bankers’ acceptances, Eurodollars, repurchase agreements, and money market deposits or securities. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk include our cash and cash equivalents and our trade accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with institutions of high credit quality. However, at certain times, such cash and cash equivalents are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Securities Investor Protection Corporation insurance limits.

Equity Instruments and Debt Securities

Equity instruments and debt securities consist primarily of equity instruments, our deferred compensation plan investments, the debt securities of our captive insurance subsidiary, and certain investments held to fund the debt service requirements of debt previously secured by investment properties. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had equity instruments with readily determinable fair values of $94.1 million and $73.0 million, respectively. Changes in the fair value of these equity instruments are recorded in unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had equity instruments without readily determinable fair values of $237.2 million and $236.2 million, respectively, for which we have elected the measurement alternative.  We regularly evaluate these investments for any impairment in their estimated fair value, as well as any observable price changes for an identical or similar equity instrument of the same issuer, and determined that no material adjustment in the carrying value was required for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Our deferred compensation plan equity instruments are valued based upon quoted market prices. The investments have a matching liability as the amounts are fully payable to the employees that earned the compensation. Changes in value of these securities and changes to the matching liability to employees are both recognized in earnings and, as a result, there is no impact to consolidated net income.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we held debt securities of $51.5 million and $52.3 million, respectively, in our captive insurance subsidiary. The types of securities included in the investment portfolio of our captive insurance subsidiary are typically U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government securities as well as corporate debt securities with maturities ranging from less than one year to ten years. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and are valued based upon quoted market prices or other observable inputs when quoted market prices are not available. The amortized cost of debt securities, which approximates fair value, held by our captive insurance subsidiary is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Changes in the values of these securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the gain or loss is realized or until any unrealized loss is deemed to be other-than-temporary. We review any declines in value of these securities for other-than-temporary impairment and consider the severity and duration of any decline in value. To the extent an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred, an impairment is recorded and a new cost basis is established.

Our captive insurance subsidiary is required to maintain statutory minimum capital and surplus as well as maintain a minimum liquidity ratio. Therefore, our access to these securities may be limited.

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1 fair value inputs are quoted prices for identical items in active, liquid and visible markets such as stock exchanges.  Level 2 fair value inputs are observable information for similar items in active or inactive markets, and appropriately consider

16

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

counterparty creditworthiness in the valuations.  Level 3 fair value inputs reflect our best estimate of inputs and assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability at the measurement date.  The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation estimate.  We have no investments for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs.

The equity instruments with readily determinable fair values we held at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were primarily classified as having Level 1 fair value inputs. In addition, we had derivative instruments which were classified as having Level 2 inputs, which consist primarily of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swap and cap agreements with an asset balance of $16.2 million at March 31, 2023 and $15.8 million at December 31, 2022, and a liability balance of $8.4 million and $8.6 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 7 includes a discussion of the fair value of debt measured using Level 2 inputs.  Level 3 inputs to our purchase accounting and impairment analyses include our estimations of net operating results of the property, capitalization rates and discount rates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Simon

Details of the carrying amount of our noncontrolling interests are as follows:

	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership	$	428,295	$	448,076
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		21,064		25,052
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$	449,359	$	473,128

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties, limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership and preferred distributions payable by the Operating Partnership on its outstanding preferred units) is a component of consolidated net income. In addition, the individual components of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the aggregate for both controlling and noncontrolling interests, with the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests deducted from comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders.

The Operating Partnership

Our evaluation of the appropriateness of classifying the Operating Partnership’s common units of partnership interest, or units, held by Simon and the Operating Partnership's limited partners within permanent equity considered several significant factors. First, as a limited partnership, all decisions relating to the Operating Partnership’s operations and distributions are made by Simon, acting as the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner. The decisions of the general partner are made by Simon's Board of Directors or management. The Operating Partnership has no other governance structure. Secondly, the sole asset of Simon is its interest in the Operating Partnership. As a result, a share of common stock of Simon, or common stock, if owned by the Operating Partnership, is best characterized as being similar to a treasury share and thus not an asset of the Operating Partnership.

Limited partners of the Operating Partnership have the right under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement to exchange their units for shares of common stock or cash, as selected by Simon as the sole general partner. Accordingly, we classify units held by limited partners in permanent equity because Simon may elect to issue shares of common stock to limited partners exercising their exchange rights rather than using cash. Under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to redeem units held by Simon only when Simon has repurchased shares of common stock. We classify units held by Simon in permanent equity because the decision to redeem those units would be made by Simon.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties) is a component of consolidated net income.

17

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Simon

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to Simon’s currency translation adjustment was ($200.2) million and ($199.5) million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
					Affected line item where
	2023		2022		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative gains, net	$	501	$	387	Interest expense
		(63)		(49)	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
	$	438	$	338

The Operating Partnership

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the Operating Partnership’s currency translation adjustment was ($229.1) million and ($228.3) million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
					Affected line item where
	2023		2022		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative gains, net	$	501	$	387	Interest expense

Derivative Financial Instruments

We record all derivatives on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have designated a derivative as a hedge and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. We may use a variety of derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to selectively manage or hedge a portion of the risks associated with our indebtedness and interest payments. Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps and caps. We require that hedging derivative instruments be highly effective in reducing the risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. We formally designate any instrument that meets these hedging criteria as a hedge at the inception of the derivative contract. We have no credit-risk-related hedging or derivative activities.

As of March 31, 2023, we had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives related to managing our interest rate risk:

	Number of	Notional
Interest Rate Derivative	Instruments	Amount
Interest Rate Swaps	3	$	500.0 Million
Interest Rate Swaps	3	€	878.0 million
Interest Rate Caps	3	€	119.7 million

18

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

As of December 31, 2022, we had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives related to managing our interest rate risk:

	Number of	Notional
Interest Rate Derivative	Instruments	Amount
Interest Rate Swaps	1	€	128.0 million
Interest Rate Caps	5	€	319.0 million

The carrying value of our interest rate swap and cap agreements, at fair value, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was an asset balance of $14.3 million and $13.1 million, respectively, and is included in deferred costs and other assets.

We may enter into treasury lock agreements as part of an anticipated debt issuance. Upon completion of the debt issuance, the fair value of these instruments that had been recorded as part of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt agreement.

The unamortized gain on our treasury locks and terminated hedges recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was $22.2 million as of March 31, 2023, compared to an unamortized gain of $10.9 million as of December 31, 2022. Within the next 12 months, we expect to reclassify to earnings approximately $1.1 million of gains related to terminated interest rate swaps from the current balance held in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

We are also exposed to foreign currency risk on financings of certain foreign operations. Our intent is to offset gains and losses that occur on the underlying exposures, with gains and losses on the derivative contracts hedging these exposures. We do not enter into either interest rate protection or foreign currency rate protection agreements for speculative purposes.

We are also exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on financial instruments which are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily in Yen and Euro. We use currency forward contracts, cross currency swap contracts and foreign currency denominated debt to manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates on certain Yen and Euro-denominated receivables and net investments. Currency forward contracts involve fixing the Yen:USD or Euro:USD exchange rate for delivery of a specified amount of foreign currency on a specified date. The currency forward contracts are typically cash settled in U.S. dollars for their fair value at or close to their settlement date.

We had the following Euro:USD forward contracts designated as net investment hedges at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

			Asset (Liability) Value as of
			March 31,		December 31,
Notional Value		Maturity Date	2023		2022
€	50.0	January 13, 2023		—		(2.9)
€	15.0	March 15, 2023		—		0.7
€	15.0	March 15, 2023		—		0.7
€	50.0	December 15, 2023		(3.2)		(2.8)
€	30.0	March 15, 2024		1.1		1.3
€	51.0	March 15, 2024		(3.1)		(2.8)
€	45.0	April 12, 2023		(0.5)		(0.2)
€	44.0	September 15, 2023		(0.4)		(0.1)
€	50.0	January 17, 2024		(0.1)		—
€	30.0	September 15, 2023		(0.4)		—
€	30.7	May 2, 2023		0.1		—

19

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Asset balances in the above table are included in deferred costs and other assets. Liability balances in the above table are included in other liabilities.

We have designated certain derivative and nonderivative instruments as net investment hedges. Accordingly, we report the changes in fair value in other comprehensive income (loss). For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded gains (loss) of ($32.4) million and $44.3 million, respectively, in the cumulative translation adjustment section of the other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the value of these forward contracts are offset by changes in the underlying hedged Euro-denominated joint venture investments.

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to Simon’s derivative activities, including our share of other comprehensive income (loss) from unconsolidated entities, was $41.0 million and $36.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the Operating Partnership’s derivative activities, including our share of other comprehensive income (loss) from unconsolidated entities, was $47.0 million and $41.8 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.  

New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform,” which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the US GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. Additional optional expedients, exceptions, and clarifications were created in ASU 2021-01. The guidance is effective upon issuance and generally can be applied to any contract modifications or existing and new hedging relationships through December 31, 2024.  We elected the expedients in conjunction with transitioning certain debt instruments, as discussed in note 7, to alternative benchmark indices. There was no impact on our consolidated financial statements at adoption.

4. Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Unless otherwise noted, gains and losses on property transactions are included in gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We capitalize asset acquisition costs and expense costs related to business combinations, as well as disposition related costs as they are incurred. We incurred a minimal amount of transaction expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

2022 Acquisitions

On June 17, 2022, we acquired an additional interest in Gloucester Premium Outlets from a joint venture partner for $14.0 million in cash consideration, including a pro-rata share of working capital, resulting in the consolidation of this property. The property is subject to an $85.7 million 3.29% variable rate mortgage loan. We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and substantially all of our investment has been determined to relate to investment property.

2022 Dispositions

On June 17, 2022, we disposed of our interest in one consolidated retail property. The proceeds from this transaction were $59.0 million, resulting in a loss of $15.6 million.

5. Per Share and Per Unit Data

We determine basic earnings per share and basic earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units, as applicable, outstanding during the period and we consider any participating securities for purposes of applying the two-class method. We determine diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units, as applicable, outstanding combined with the incremental weighted average number of shares or units, as applicable, that would have been outstanding assuming all potentially dilutive securities were converted into shares of common stock or units, as applicable, at the earliest date possible. The following tables set forth the components of basic and diluted earnings per share and basic and diluted earnings per unit.

20

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Simon

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders — Basic and Diluted	$	451,827	$	426,630
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		326,954,294		328,606,352

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, potentially dilutive securities include units that are exchangeable for common stock and long-term incentive performance units, or LTIP units, granted under our long-term incentive performance programs that are convertible into units and exchangeable for common stock. No securities had a material dilutive effect for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. We have not adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders and weighted average shares outstanding for income allocable to limited partners or units, respectively, as doing so would have no dilutive impact. We accrue dividends when they are declared.  

The Operating Partnership

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Income attributable to Unitholders — Basic and Diluted	$	517,180	$	487,993
Weighted Average Units Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		374,245,604		375,870,183

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, potentially dilutive securities include LTIP units. No securities had a material dilutive effect for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. We accrue distributions when they are declared.

6. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments

Real Estate Joint Ventures and Investments

Joint ventures are common in the real estate industry. We use joint ventures to finance properties, develop new properties and diversify our risk in a particular property or portfolio of properties.  As discussed in note 2, we held joint venture interests in 82 properties as of March 31, 2023.

Certain of our joint venture properties are subject to various rights of first refusal, buy-sell provisions, put and call rights, or other sale or marketing rights for partners which are customary in real estate joint venture agreements and the industry. We and our partners in these joint ventures may initiate these provisions (subject to any applicable lock up or similar restrictions), which may result in either the sale of our interest or the use of available cash or borrowings, or the use of limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership, to acquire the joint venture interest from our partner.

We may provide financing to joint venture properties primarily in the form of interest bearing construction loans. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had construction loans and other advances to these related parties totaling $109.4 million and $112.0 million, respectively, which are included in deferred costs and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

During 2022, we recorded a non-cash gain of $19.9 million related to the disposition and foreclosure of two unconsolidated properties in satisfaction of the respective $99.6 million and $83.1 million non-recourse mortgage loans. This non-cash investing and financing activity is excluded from our consolidated statement of cash flows.

21

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Taubman Realty Group

We own an 80% noncontrolling ownership interest in TRG, which has an interest in 24 regional, super-regional, and outlet malls in the U.S. and Asia. Our investment includes 6.38% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units for $362.5 million issued to us.

The table below represents summary financial information of TRG.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	169,728	$	162,609
Operating income before other items		74,778		61,853
Consolidated net income		44,953		38,669
Our share of net income		34,848		30,543
Amortization of excess investment		(47,390)		(49,025)

Other Platform Investments

As of March 31, 2023, we own a 41.67% non-controlling interest in J.C. Penney, a department store retailer. We also own a 50% non-controlling interest in SPARC Group. During the first quarter of 2022, SPARC Group acquired certain assets and operations of Reebok and entered into a long-term strategic partnership agreement with ABG to become the core licensee and operating partner for Reebok in the United States.

At March 31, 2023, our interest in ABG was approximately 12.3%. On December 1, 2022, we sold to ABG all of our interests in the licensing venture of Eddie Bauer for additional interests in ABG. As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2022, we recognized a non-cash pre-tax gain of $159.0 million, representing the difference between the fair value of the interests received determined using Level 3 inputs and the $98.8 million carrying value of the intellectual property licensing venture less costs to sell.  This non-cash investing and financing activity is excluded from our consolidated statement of cash flows. In connection with this transaction, we recorded deferred taxes of $39.7 million.  

On July 1, 2021, we sold to ABG all of our interests in both the Forever 21 and Brooks Brothers licensing ventures in exchange for additional interests in ABG. As a result, in the third quarter of 2021, we recognized a non-cash, pre-tax gain of $159.8 million representing the difference between the fair value of the interests received determined using Level 3 inputs and the carrying value of $102.7 million of the intellectual property licensing ventures less costs to sell. This non-cash investing and financing activity is excluded from our consolidated statement of cash flows. In connection with this transaction, we recorded deferred taxes of $47.9 million.

On December 20, 2021, we sold a portion of our interest in ABG, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $18.8 million. In connection with this transaction, we recorded tax expense of $8.0 million. Subsequently, we acquired additional interests in ABG for cash consideration of $100.0 million.

As of March 31, 2023, we own a 45% non-controlling interest in Rue Gilt Groupe.

On December 19, 2022, we completed the acquisition of a 50% non-controlling legal ownership interest in Jamestown, a global real estate investment and asset management company, as well as separate interests in certain real estate and working capital, for total cash consideration of $173.4 million. Allocation of the excess investment to the underlying assets and liabilities acquired at the venture level is preliminary at March 31, 2023.

22

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

The table below represents combined summary financial information, after intercompany eliminations, of our other platform investments.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	2,956,722	$	3,140,858
Operating income before other items		(17,869)		(115,221)
Consolidated net income		(118,966)		(159,412)
Our share of net income (loss)		(37,789)		9,889
Amortization of excess investment		(1,665)		(1,665)

European Investments

At March 31, 2023, we owned 63,924,148 shares, or approximately 22.4%, of Klépierre, which had a quoted market price of $22.68 per share. The table below represents summary financial information with respect to our investment in Klépierre. This information is based on applicable Euro:USD exchange rates and after our conversion of Klépierre’s results to GAAP.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	322,557	$	293,349
Operating income before other items		105,308		75,895
Consolidated net income		82,719		46,416
Our share of net income		17,858		11,507
Amortization of excess investment		(3,253)		(2,796)

We have an interest in a European investee that had interests in 11 Designer Outlet properties as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, seven of which are consolidated by us as of March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, our legal percentage ownership interests in these properties ranged from 23% to 94%.  

In addition, we have a 50.0% noncontrolling interest in a European property management and development company that provides services to the Designer Outlet properties.

We also have minority interests in Value Retail PLC and affiliated entities, which own or have interests in and operate nine luxury outlets located throughout Europe and we also have a direct minority ownership in three of those outlets. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of these equity instruments without readily determinable fair values was $140.8 million and is included in deferred costs and other assets.  

Asian Joint Ventures

We conduct our international Premium Outlet operations in Japan through a joint venture with Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd. We have a 40% noncontrolling ownership interest in this joint venture. The carrying amount of our investment in this joint venture was $217.5 million and $206.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, including all related components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). We conduct our international Premium Outlet operations in South Korea through a joint venture with Shinsegae International Co. We have a 50% noncontrolling ownership interest in this joint venture. The carrying amount of our investment in this joint venture was $204.0 million and $199.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, including all related components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

23

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Summary Financial Information

A summary of the combined balance sheets and statements of operations of our equity method investments and share of income from such investments, excluding our investments in Klépierre and TRG as well as our other platform investments, follows.

COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets:
Investment properties, at cost	$	19,281,318	$	19,256,108
Less - accumulated depreciation		8,615,876		8,490,990
		10,665,442		10,765,118
Cash and cash equivalents		1,442,100		1,445,353
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		504,883		546,025
Right-of-use assets, net		138,209		143,526
Deferred costs and other assets		445,744		482,375
Total assets	$	13,196,378	$	13,382,397
Liabilities and Partners’ Deficit:
Mortgages	$	14,544,401	$	14,569,921
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenue		881,365		961,984
Lease liabilities		127,840		133,096
Other liabilities		403,041		446,064
Total liabilities		15,956,647		16,111,065
Preferred units		67,450		67,450
Partners’ deficit		(2,827,719)		(2,796,118)
Total liabilities and partners’ deficit	$	13,196,378	$	13,382,397
Our Share of:
Partners’ deficit	$	(1,234,120)	$	(1,232,086)
Add: Excess Investment		1,212,729		1,219,117
Our net (deficit) Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	$	(21,391)	$	(12,969)

“Excess Investment” represents the unamortized difference of our investment over our share of the equity in the underlying net assets of the joint ventures or other investments acquired and has been determined to relate to the fair value of the investment properties, intangible assets, including goodwill, and debt premiums and discounts. We amortize excess investment over the life of the related depreciable components of assets acquired, typically no greater than 40 years, the terms of the applicable leases, the estimated useful lives of the finite lived intangibles, and the applicable debt maturity, respectively. The amortization is included in the reported amount of income from unconsolidated entities.

24

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	735,048	$	717,768
Other income		90,046		112,585
Total revenue		825,094		830,353
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Property operating		154,922		149,515
Depreciation and amortization		164,473		170,562
Real estate taxes		64,004		65,324
Repairs and maintenance		18,774		21,481
Advertising and promotion		20,710		19,318
Other		53,310		48,843
Total operating expenses		476,193		475,043
Operating Income Before Other Items		348,901		355,310
Interest expense		(168,206)		(144,448)
Net Income	$	180,695	$	210,862
Third-Party Investors’ Share of Net Income	$	90,259	$	104,657
Our Share of Net Income		90,436		106,205
Amortization of Excess Investment		(14,921)		(15,139)
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	$	75,515	$	91,066

Our share of income from unconsolidated entities in the above table, aggregated with our share of results from our investments in Klépierre and TRG as well as our other platform investments, before any applicable taxes, is presented in income from unconsolidated entities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.  Unless otherwise noted, our share of the gain on acquisition of controlling interest sale or disposal of assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net is reflected within gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

7. Debt

Unsecured Debt

At March 31, 2023, our unsecured debt consisted of $20.4 billion of senior unsecured notes of the Operating Partnership and $125.0 million outstanding under the Operating Partnership’s $5.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Credit Facility and $815.8 million (U.S. dollar equivalent) of Euro-denominated borrowings outstanding under the Operating Partnership’s $3.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Supplemental Facility, or together with the Credit Facility, the Credit Facilities.

At March 31, 2023, we had an aggregate available borrowing capacity of $7.6 billion under the Credit Facilities. The maximum aggregate outstanding balance under the Credit Facilities, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $940.8 million and the weighted average outstanding balance was $940.8 million. Letters of credit of $9.9 million were outstanding under the Credit Facilities as of March 31, 2023.

25

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

On March 14, 2023, we amended, restated, extended, and increased our existing $4.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility. The Credit Facility has an initial borrowing capacity of $5.0 billion which may be increased in the form of additional commitments in the aggregate not to exceed $1.0 billion, for a total aggregate size of $6.0 billion, subject to obtaining additional lender commitments and satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.  Borrowings may be denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Pounds Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 97% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Credit Facility is June 30, 2027. The Credit Facility can be extended for two additional six-month periods to June 30, 2028, at our sole option, subject to satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, at our election, at either (i) (x) for Term Benchmark Loans, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the applicable Local Rate, the Adjusted EURIBOR Rate, or the Adjusted TIBOR Rate, (y) for RFR Loans, if denominated in Sterling, SONIA plus a benchmark adjustment and if denominated in Dollars, Daily Simple SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment, or (z) for Daily SOFR Loans, the Adjusted Floating Overnight Daily SOFR Rate, in each case of clauses (x) through (z) above, plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.650% and 1.400% or (ii) for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars only, the base rate (which rate is equal to the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.500% or Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for one month plus 1.000%) (the “Base Rate”), plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.000% and 0.400%. The Credit Facility includes a facility fee determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.100% and 0.300% on the aggregate revolving commitments under the Credit Facility.  Based upon our current credit ratings, the interest rate on the Credit Facility is SOFR plus 72.5 basis points, plus a spread adjustment to account for the transition from LIBOR to SOFR.

The Supplemental Facility’s borrowing capacity of $3.5 billion may be increased to $4.5 billion during its term and provides for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Pounds, Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 100% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Supplemental Facility is January 31, 2026 and can be extended for an additional year to January 31, 2027 at our sole option, subject to satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.

Borrowings under the Supplemental Facility bear interest, at the Company’s election, at either (i) (x) for Term Benchmark Loans, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the applicable Local Rate, the Adjusted EURIBOR Rate, or the Adjusted TIBOR Rate, (y) for RFR Loans, if denominated in Sterling, SONIA plus a benchmark adjustment and if denominated in Dollars, Daily Simple SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment, or (z) for Daily SOFR Loans, the Adjusted Floating Overnight Daily SOFR Rate, in each case of clauses (x) through (z) above, plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.650% and 1.400% or (ii) for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars only, the base rate (which rate is equal to the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.500% or Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for one month plus 1.000%) (the “Base Rate”), plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.000% and 0.400%. The Supplemental Facility includes a facility fee determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.100% and 0.300% on the aggregate revolving commitments under the Supplemental Facility.  Based upon our current credit ratings, the interest rate on the Supplemental Facility is SOFR plus 72.5 basis points, plus a spread adjustment to account for the transition from LIBOR to SOFR.

The Operating Partnership also has available a global unsecured commercial paper note program, or Commercial Paper program of, $2.0 billion, or the non-U.S. dollar equivalent thereof.  The Operating Partnership may issue unsecured commercial paper notes, denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro and other currencies. Notes issued in non-U.S. currencies may be issued by one or more subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership and are guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. Notes are sold under customary terms in the U.S. and Euro commercial paper note markets and rank (either by themselves or as a result of the guarantee described above) pari passu with the Operating Partnership’s other unsecured senior indebtedness. The Commercial Paper program is supported by the Credit Facilities and, if necessary or appropriate, we may make one or more draws under either of the Credit Facilities to pay amounts outstanding from time to time on the Commercial Paper program. On March 31, 2023, we had no outstanding balance under the Commercial Paper program. Borrowings reduce amounts otherwise available under the Credit Facilities.

On March 8, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $650 million with a fixed interest rate 5.50%, and $650 million with a fixed interest rate of 5.85%, with maturity dates of March 8, 2033 and

26

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

March 8, 2053, respectively. The Operating Partnership used a portion of the net proceeds of the offering to fund the optional redemption of its $500 million floating rate notes due January 2024 on March 13, 2023.

On January 10, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed interest rate swap agreements with a combined notional value at €750.0 million to swap the interest rate of the Euro denominated borrowings outstanding under the Supplemental Facility to an all-in fixed rate of 3.81%. These interest rate swaps mature on January 17, 2024.

On November 16, 2022, the Operating Partnership drew €750.0 million ($779.0 million U.S. dollar equivalent as of the issuance date) under the Supplemental facility and used the proceeds on November 17, 2022, to repay €750.0 million ($777.1 million U.S. dollar equivalent as of the payoff date) of senior unsecured notes at maturity.

On January 11, 2022, the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $500 million with a floating interest rate of SOFR plus 43 basis points, and $700 million with a fixed interest rate of 2.650%, with maturity dates of January 11, 2024 and February 1, 2032, respectively. The proceeds were used to repay $1.05 billion outstanding under the Supplemental Facility on January 12, 2022.

Mortgage Debt

Total mortgage indebtedness was $5.3 billion and $5.5 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Covenants

Our unsecured debt agreements contain financial covenants and other non-financial covenants. The Credit Facilities contain ongoing covenants relating to total and secured leverage to capitalization value, minimum earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, or EBITDA, and unencumbered EBITDA coverage requirements.  Payment under the Credit Facilities can be accelerated if the Operating Partnership or Simon is subject to bankruptcy proceedings or upon the occurrence of certain other events. If we were to fail to comply with these covenants, after the expiration of the applicable cure periods, the debt maturity could be accelerated or other remedies could be sought by the lender, including adjustments to the applicable interest rate. As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants of our unsecured debt.

At March 31, 2023, our consolidated subsidiaries were the borrowers under 38 non-recourse mortgage notes secured by mortgages on 41 properties and other assets, including two separate pools of cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized mortgages encumbering a total of five properties. Under these cross-default provisions, a default under any mortgage included in the cross-defaulted pool may constitute a default under all mortgages within that pool and may lead to acceleration of the indebtedness due on each property within the pool. Certain of our secured debt instruments contain financial and other non-financial covenants which are specific to the properties that serve as collateral for that debt. If the applicable borrower under these non-recourse mortgage notes were to fail to comply with these covenants, the lender could accelerate the debt and enforce its rights against their collateral. At March 31, 2023, the applicable borrowers under these non-recourse mortgage notes were in compliance with all covenants where non-compliance could individually or in the aggregate, giving effect to applicable cross-default provisions, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Fair Value of Debt

The carrying value of our variable-rate mortgages and other loans approximates their fair values. We estimate the fair values of consolidated fixed rate mortgages using cash flows discounted at current borrowing rates and other indebtedness using cash flows discounted at current market rates. We estimate the fair values of consolidated fixed rate unsecured notes using quoted market prices, or, if no quoted market prices are available, we use quoted market prices for securities with similar terms and maturities. The book value of our consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness including commercial paper was

27

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

$25.0 billion and $22.6 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair values of these financial instruments and the related discount rate assumptions as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2023			2022
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness (in millions)	$	22,669		$	20,020
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for fixed rate mortgages		5.94	%		6.10	%
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for unsecured indebtedness		5.87	%		5.87	%

8. Equity

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership redeemed 22,442 units from four limited partners for $2.9 million. These transactions increased Simon’s ownership interest in the Operating Partnership.

On May 9, 2022, Simon's Board of Directors authorized a common stock repurchase plan.  Under the plan, Simon may repurchase up to $2.0 billion of its common stock during the two-year period commencing on May 16, 2022 and ending on May 16, 2024 in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions as market conditions warrant.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, Simon purchased 1,830,022 shares at an average price of $98.57 per share.  As Simon repurchases shares under these programs, the Operating Partnership repurchases an equal number of units from Simon.

We paid a common stock dividend of $1.80 per share for the first quarter of 2023.  We paid common stock dividends of $1.65 per share for the first quarter of 2022.  The Operating Partnership paid distributions per unit for the same amounts.  On May 2, 2023, Simon’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the second quarter of 2023 of $1.85 per share, payable on June 30, 2023 to shareholders of record on June 9, 2023.  The distribution rate on units is equal to the dividend rate on common stock.

Temporary Equity

Simon

Simon classifies as temporary equity those securities for which there is the possibility that Simon could be required to redeem the security for cash irrespective of the probability of such a possibility. As a result, Simon classifies one series of preferred units in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in temporary equity.  Each of these securities is discussed further below.

Limited Partners’ Preferred Interest in the Operating Partnership and Noncontrolling Redeemable Interests in Properties.  The redemption features of the preferred units in the Operating Partnership contain provisions which could require the Operating Partnership to settle the redemption in cash. As a result, this series of preferred units in the Operating Partnership remains classified outside permanent equity.  The remaining interests in a property or portfolio of properties which are redeemable at the option of the holder or in circumstances that may be outside Simon’s control are accounted for as temporary equity. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest is adjusted to the redemption amount assuming the instrument is redeemable at the balance sheet date.  Changes in the redemption value of the underlying noncontrolling interest are recorded within accumulated deficit in the consolidated statements of equity in issuance of unit equivalents and other.  There were no noncontrolling interests

28

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

redeemable at amounts in excess of fair value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.  The following table summarizes the preferred units in the Operating Partnership and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties as follows:

	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests		198,882		186,702
Limited partners’ preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	224,419	$	212,239

The Operating Partnership

The Operating Partnership classifies as temporary equity those securities for which there is the possibility that the Operating Partnership could be required to redeem the security for cash, irrespective of the probability of such a possibility.  As a result, the Operating Partnership classifies one series of preferred units and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in temporary equity.  The following table summarizes the preferred units and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties as follows:

	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests		198,882		186,702
Total preferred units, at liquidation value, and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	224,419	$	212,239

Stock-Based Compensation

Our long-term incentive compensation awards under our stock-based compensation plans primarily take the form of LTIP units, restricted stock units, and restricted stock.  The substantial majority of these awards are market condition or performance-based, and are based on various market, corporate and business unit performance measures as further described below. The expense related to these programs, net of amounts capitalized, is included within home and regional office costs and general and administrative costs in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive income.  LTIP units are a form of limited partnership interest issued by the Operating Partnership, which are subject to the participant maintaining employment with us through certain dates and other conditions as described in the applicable award agreements. Awarded LTIP units not earned in accordance with the conditions set forth in the applicable award agreements are forfeited. Earned and fully vested LTIP units are equivalent to units of the Operating Partnership. Participants are entitled to receive distributions on the awarded LTIP units, as defined, equal to 10% of the regular quarterly distributions paid on a unit of the Operating Partnership. As a result, we account for these LTIP units as participating securities under the two class method of computing earnings per share. These are granted under The Simon Property Group, L.P. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan.

The grant date fair values of any LTIP units that are market-based awards are estimated using a Monte Carlo model, and the resulting fixed expense is recorded regardless of whether the market condition criteria are achieved if the participant performs the required service period. The grant date fair values of the market-based awards are being amortized into expense over the performance period, which is the grant date through the date at which the awards, if earned, become vested.  The expense of the performance-based award is recorded over the performance period, which is the grant date through the date at which the awards, if earned, become vested, based on our assessment as to whether it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved during the applicable performance periods.  The grant date fair values of any restricted stock unit awards are recognized as expense over the vesting period.

29

Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

2019 LTIP Program.  In 2019, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under the 2019 LTIP Program.  Awards under the 2019 LTIP Program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based upon Funds From Operations, or FFO, per share, and Objective Criteria Goals) and market condition (based on Relative TSR performance), as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period.  All of the earned LTIP units under the 2019 LTIP Program vested on January 1, 2023.  The 2019 LTIP Program provides that the amount earned of the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on Simon’s performance compared to certain criteria and in March 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee determined 72,442 performance based LTIP units under this program were earned.

2020 LTI Program.  In 2020, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under the 2020 LTI Program, which consisted of a one-time grant of 312,263 time-based restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $84.37 per share.  One-third of these awards vested on each of January 1, 2022 and 2023, and the remaining awards will vest ratably on January 1, 2024.  The grant date fair value of the awards of $26.3 million is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.

2021 LTI Program.  In 2021, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under  the 2021 LTI Program.  Awards under the 2021 LTI Program took the form of LTIP units and restricted stock units.  Awards of LTIP units under this program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based on FFO and Objective Criteria Goals) and market conditions (based on Absolute TSR performance), as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period.  Any units determined to be earned LTIP units under the 2021 LTI Program will vest on January 1, 2025.  The 2021 LTI Program provides that the amount earned related to the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s determination that Simon’s FFO performance and achievement of certain objective criteria goals and has a maximum potential fair value at grant date of $18.4 million.  As part of the 2021 LTI Program, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee also established a grant of 37,976 time-based restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $112.92 per share.  These awards will vest, subject to the grantee's continued service, on March 1, 2024.  The $4.3 million grant date fair value of these awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.  

2022 LTI Program.  In the first quarter of 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under a 2022 Long-Term Incentive Program, or 2022 LTI Program.  Awards under the 2022 LTI Program, took the form of LTIP units and restricted stock units.  Awards of LTIP units under this program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based on FFO and Objective Criteria Goals), subject to adjustment based upon a TSR modifier, with respect to the FFO performance condition, as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period.  Any units determined to be earned LTIP units under the 2022 LTI Program will vest on January 1, 2026.  The 2022 LTI Program provides that the amount earned related to the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s determination that Simon’s FFO performance and achievement of certain objective criteria goals and has a maximum potential fair value at grant date of $20.6 million.  As part of the 2022 LTI Program, on March 11, 2022 and March 18, 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee also established grants of 52,673 time-based restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $130.05 and $130.84 per share.  These awards will vest on March 11, 2025 and March 18, 2025.  The $6.9 million grant date fair value of these awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.

2023 LTI Program.  In the first quarter of 2023, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under a 2023 Long-Term Incentive Program, or 2023 LTI Program.  Awards under the 2023 LTI Program, took the form of LTIP units and restricted stock units.  Awards of LTIP units under this program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based on FFO and Objective Criteria Goals), subject to adjustment based upon a TSR modifier, with respect to the FFO performance condition, as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period.  Any units determined to be earned LTIP units under the 2023 LTI Program will vest on January 1, 2027.  The 2023 LTI Program provides that the amount earned related to the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s determination that Simon’s FFO performance and achievement of certain objective criteria goals and has a maximum potential fair value at grant date of $42.5 million.  As part of the 2023 LTI Program, on March 1, 2023, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee also established a grant of 64,852 time-based restricted stock

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Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $121.25 per share.  These awards will vest on March 1, 2026.  The $7.9 million grant date fair value of these awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.  

The Compensation and Human Capital Committee approved LTIP unit grants as shown in the table below. The extent to which LTIP units were determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s to have been earned, and the aggregate grant date fair value, are as follows:

LTIP Awards	LTIP Units Earned	Grant Date Fair Value of TSR Award	Grant Date Target Value of Performance-Based Awards
2021 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2024	$5.7 million	$12.2 million
2022 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2025	—	$13.7 million
2023 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2026	—	$23.6 million

We recorded compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to the aforementioned LTIP and LTI programs of approximately $6.3 million and $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Restricted Stock.  The Compensation and Human Capital Committee awarded 218,456 shares of restricted stock to employees on April 1, 2023 at a grant date fair market value of $111.97 per share related to 2022 compensation plan.  On March 28, 2023, a non-employee Director was awarded 165 shares of restricted stock at a grant date fair market value of $103.30 per share.  These shares represent a portion of the compensation we pay our non-employee Directors, and all of the shares have been placed in a non-employee Director deferred compensation account maintained by us.  The grant date fair value of the employee restricted stock awards is being recognized over the three-year vesting period.  The grant date fair value of the non-employee Director restricted stock awards is being recognized as expense over the one-year vesting service period. In accordance with the Operating Partnership's partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership issued an equal number of units to Simon that are subject to the same vesting conditions as the restricted stock.  

We recorded compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to restricted stock of approximately $3.4 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.    

9. Lease Income

Fixed lease income under our operating leases includes fixed minimum lease consideration and fixed CAM reimbursements recorded on a straight-line basis. Variable lease income includes consideration based on sales, as well as reimbursements for real estate taxes, utilities, marketing, and certain other items including negative variable lease income as discussed below.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Fixed lease income	$	1,013,164	$	959,630
Variable lease income		235,021		248,237
Total lease income	$	1,248,185	$	1,207,867

Tenant receivables and accrued revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes straight-line receivables of $539.5 million and $546.5 million on March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

In connection with rent deferrals or other accruals of unpaid rent payments, if we determine that rent payments are probable of collection, we will continue to recognize lease income on a straight-line basis over the lease term along with associated tenant receivables. However, if we determine that such deferred rent payments or other accrued but unpaid rent payments are not probable of collection, lease income will be recorded on the cash basis, with the corresponding tenant receivable and deferred rent receivable balances charged as a direct write-off against lease income in the period of the change in our collectability determination.  Additionally, our assessment of collectability incorporates information regarding a tenant’s financial condition that is obtained from available financial data, the expected outcome of contractual disputes and other matters, and our communications and negotiations with the tenant.

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Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

When a tenant seeks to reorganize its operations through bankruptcy proceedings, we assess the collectability of receivable balances. Our ongoing assessment incorporates, among other things, the timing of a tenant’s bankruptcy filing and our expectations of the assumptions by the tenant in bankruptcy proceedings of leases at the Company’s properties on substantially similar terms.  

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

We are involved from time-to-time in various legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, environmental matters, and litigation in connection with transactions such as acquisitions and divestitures. We believe that current proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations. We record a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

Lease Commitments

As of March 31, 2023, we are subject to ground leases that cover all or a portion of 23 of our consolidated properties with termination dates extending through 2090, including periods for which exercising an extension option is reasonably assured.  These ground leases generally require us to make fixed annual rental payments, or a fixed annual rental payment plus a percentage rent component based upon the revenues or total sales of the property.  In addition, we have several regional office locations that are subject to leases with termination dates ranging from 2023 to 2025.  These office leases generally require us to make fixed annual rental payments plus pay our share of common area, real estate taxes, and utility expenses.  Some of our ground and office leases include escalation clauses.  All of our lease arrangements are classified as operating leases.  We incurred ground lease expense and office lease expense, which are included in other expense and home office and regional expense, respectively, as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating Lease Cost
Fixed lease cost	$	8,123	$	8,095
Variable lease cost		4,986		4,269
Total operating lease cost	$	13,109	$	12,364

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	13,090	$	12,339
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		32.5 years		33.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		4.88%		4.87%

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Simon Property Group, Inc.
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts
and where indicated in millions or billions)

Minimum lease payments due under these leases for years ending December 31, excluding applicable extension options and renewal options unless reasonably certain of exercise and any sublease income, are as follows:

2023	$	33,264
2024		30,850
2025		30,861
2026		30,875
2027		30,904
Thereafter		835,263
	$	992,017
Impact of discounting		(496,444)
Operating lease liabilities	$	495,573

Guarantees of Indebtedness

Joint venture debt is the liability of the joint venture and is typically secured by the joint venture property, which is non-recourse to us. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Operating Partnership guaranteed joint venture related mortgage indebtedness of $132.0 million and $128.0 million, respectively.  Mortgages guaranteed by the Operating Partnership are secured by the property of the joint venture which could be sold in order to satisfy the outstanding obligation and which has an estimated fair value in excess of the guaranteed amount.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Our U.S. Malls, Premium Outlets, and The Mills rely upon anchor tenants to attract customers; however, anchors do not contribute materially to our financial results as many anchors own their spaces. All material operations are within the United States and no customer or tenant accounts for 5% or more of our consolidated revenues.

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this report.

Overview

Simon Property Group, Inc. is a Delaware corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. REITs will generally not be liable for U.S. federal corporate income taxes as long as they distribute not less than 100% of their REIT taxable income. Simon Property Group, L.P. is our majority-owned Delaware partnership subsidiary that owns all of our real estate properties and other assets.  According to the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to pay all expenses of Simon. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Simon” mean Simon Property Group, Inc. and references to the “Operating Partnership” mean Simon Property Group, L.P. References to “we,” “us” and “our” mean collectively Simon, the Operating Partnership and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Simon and/or the Operating Partnership.

We own, develop and manage premier shopping, dining, entertainment and mixed-use destinations, which consist primarily of malls, Premium Outlets^®, and The Mills^®. As of March 31, 2023, we owned or held an interest in 196 income-producing properties in the United States, which consisted of 93 malls, 69 Premium Outlets, 14 Mills, six lifestyle centers, and 14 other retail properties in 37 states and Puerto Rico. We also own an 80% noncontrolling interest in the Taubman Realty Group, LLC, or TRG, which has an interest in 24 regional, super-regional, and outlet malls in the U.S. and Asia. In addition, we have redevelopment and expansion projects, including the addition of anchors, big box tenants, and restaurants, underway at properties in North America, Europe and Asia. Internationally, as of March 31, 2023, we had ownership in 34 Premium Outlets and Designer Outlet properties primarily located in Asia, Europe, and Canada. As of March 31, 2023, we also owned a 22.4% equity stake in Klépierre SA, or Klépierre, a publicly traded, Paris-based real estate company which owns, or has an interest in, shopping centers located in 14 countries in Europe.

We generate the majority of our lease income from retail tenants including consideration received from:

● fixed minimum lease consideration and fixed common area maintenance (CAM) reimbursements, and

● variable lease consideration primarily based on tenants’ sales, as well as reimbursements for real estate taxes, utilities, marketing and certain other items.

Revenues of our management company, after intercompany eliminations, consist primarily of management fees that are typically based upon the revenues of the property being managed.

We invest in real estate properties to maximize total financial return which includes both operating cash flows and capital appreciation. We seek growth in earnings, funds from operations, or FFO, and cash flows by enhancing the profitability and operation of our properties and investments. We seek to accomplish this growth through the following:

● attracting and retaining high quality tenants and utilizing economies of scale to reduce operating expenses,

● expanding and re-tenanting existing highly productive locations at competitive rental rates,

● selectively acquiring or increasing our interests in high quality real estate assets or portfolios of assets,

● generating consumer traffic in our retail properties through marketing initiatives and strategic corporate alliances, and

● selling selective non-core assets.

We also grow by generating supplemental revenues from the following activities:

● establishing our malls as leading market resource providers for retailers and other businesses and consumer-focused corporate alliances, including payment systems (such as handling fees relating to the sales of bank-issued prepaid cards), national marketing alliances, static and digital media initiatives, business development, sponsorship, and events,

● offering property operating services to our tenants and others, including waste handling and facility services, and the provision of energy services,

● selling or leasing land adjacent to our properties, commonly referred to as “outlots” or “outparcels,” and

● generating interest income on cash deposits and investments in loans, including those made to related entities.

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We focus on high quality real estate across the retail real estate spectrum. We expand or redevelop properties to enhance profitability and market share of existing assets when we believe the investment of our capital meets our risk-reward criteria. We selectively develop new properties in markets we believe are not adequately served by existing retail outlet properties.

We routinely review and evaluate acquisition opportunities based on their ability to enhance our portfolio. Our international strategy includes partnering with established real estate companies and financing international investments with local currency to minimize foreign exchange risk.

To support our growth, we employ a three-fold capital strategy:

● provide the capital necessary to fund growth,

● maintain sufficient flexibility to access capital in many forms, both public and private, including but not limited to, having in place, the Operating Partnership’s $5.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or the Credit Facility, its $3.5 billion supplemental unsecured revolving credit facility, or its Supplemental Facility, together, the Credit Facilities and its global unsecured commercial paper note program, or the Commercial Paper program, of $2.0 billion, or the non-U.S. dollar equivalent thereof, and

● manage our overall financial structure in a fashion that preserves our investment grade credit ratings.

We consider FFO and net operating income, or NOI, and portfolio NOI to be key measures of operating performance that are not specifically defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. We use these measures internally to evaluate the operating performance of our portfolio and provide a basis for comparison with other real estate companies. Reconciliations of these measures to the most comparable GAAP measure are included below in this discussion.

Results Overview

Diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit increased $0.08 during the first three months of 2023 to $1.38 from $1.30 for the same period last year. The increase in diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit was primarily attributable to:

● improved operating performance and solid core business fundamentals in 2023, as discussed below,

● an unrealized favorable change in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments of $51.6 million, or $0.14 per diluted share/unit,

● decreased tax expense of $12.0 million, or $0.03 per diluted share/unit, primarily due to our share of operating results from other platform investments,

● increased other income of $13.2 million, or $0.04 per diluted share/unit, the majority of which is due to interest income of $9.5 million, or $0.03 per diluted share/unit and distributions and other activity of $18.7 million, or $0.05 per diluted share/unit, partially offset by a decrease in lease settlement income of $15.0 million, or $0.04 per diluted share/unit, partially offset by

● decreased income from unconsolidated entities of $59.3 million, or $0.16 per diluted share/unit, primarily due to unfavorable year-over-year operations from other platform investments, partially offset by improved operations and core fundamentals in our other unconsolidated entities and TRG, and

● increased interest expense of $14.3 million, or $0.04 per diluted share/unit, primarily due to increases to rates on variable rate mortgages and new USD bond issuances.

Portfolio NOI increased 3.9% for the three month period in 2023 over the prior year period primarily as a result of improved operations in our domestic and international portfolios compared to the prior year. Average base minimum rent for U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets increased 3.1% to $55.84 psf as of March 31, 2023, from $54.14 psf as of March 31, 2022.  Ending occupancy for our U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets increased 1.1% to 94.4% as of March 31, 2023, from 93.3% as of March 31, 2022.

Our effective overall borrowing rate at March 31, 2023 on our consolidated indebtedness increased 43 basis points to 3.36% as compared to 2.93% at March 31, 2022. This is primarily due to an increase in effective overall borrowing rate on variable rate debt of 476 basis points (6.13% at March 31, 2023 compared to 1.37% at March 31, 2022) due to increasing benchmark rates, partially offset by an increase in the amount of our fixed rate debt. The weighted average years to maturity of our consolidated indebtedness was 8.1 years and 7.5 years at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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Our financing activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included:

● The Operating Partnership completing on March 8, 2023, the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $650 million with a fixed interest rate of 5.5% and $650 million with a fixed interest rate of 5.85%, with maturity dates of March 8, 2033, and March 8, 2053, respectively.  A portion of the net proceeds were used to fund the optional redemption at par of the Operating Partnership’s $500 million floating interest rate notes due January 2024 on March 13, 2023.

● amending, restating, extending, and increasing our existing $4.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility on March 14, 2023 with a new $5.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility.    

United States Portfolio Data

The portfolio data discussed in this overview includes the following key operating statistics: ending occupancy and average base minimum rent per square foot. We include acquired properties in this data beginning in the year of acquisition and remove disposed properties in the year of disposition. For comparative purposes, we separate the information related to The Mills from our other U.S. operations. We also do not include any information for properties located outside the United States.

The following table sets forth these key operating statistics for the combined U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets:

● properties that are consolidated in our consolidated financial statements,

● properties we account for under the equity method of accounting as joint ventures, and

● the foregoing two categories of properties on a total portfolio basis.

	March 31,		March 31,		%/Basis Points
	2023		2022		Change (1)
U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets:
Ending Occupancy
Consolidated		94.6%		93.3%	130 bps
Unconsolidated		93.9%		93.3%	60 bps
Total Portfolio		94.4%		93.3%	110 bps
Average Base Minimum Rent per Square Foot
Consolidated	$	54.52	$	52.82	3.2%
Unconsolidated	$	59.54	$	57.77	3.1%
Total Portfolio	$	55.84	$	54.14	3.1%
U.S. TRG:
Ending Occupancy		93.3%		93.2%	10 bps
Average Base Minimum Rent per Square Foot	$	62.29	$	59.74	4.3%
The Mills:
Ending Occupancy		97.3%		97.0%	30 bps
Average Base Minimum Rent per Square Foot	$	35.63	$	34.18	4.2%

(1) Percentages may not recalculate due to rounding. Percentage and basis point changes are representative of the change from the comparable prior period.

Ending Occupancy Levels and Average Base Minimum Rent per Square Foot.  Ending occupancy is the percentage of gross leasable area, or GLA, which is leased as of the last day of the reporting period. We include all company owned space except for mall anchors, mall majors, mall freestanding and mall outlots in the calculation. Base minimum rent per square foot is the average base minimum rent charge in effect for the reporting period for all tenants that would qualify to be included in ending occupancy.

Current Leasing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we signed 231 new leases and 497 renewal leases (excluding mall anchors and majors, new development, redevelopment and leases with terms of one year or less) with a fixed minimum rent across our U.S. Malls and Premium Outlets portfolio, comprising approximately 2.4 million square feet, of which 1.9 million square feet related to consolidated properties. During the comparable period in 2022, we signed 270 new leases and 315 renewal leases with a fixed

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minimum rent, comprising approximately 1.8 million square feet, of which 1.3 million square feet related to consolidated properties. The average annual initial base minimum rent for new leases was $62.08 per square foot in 2023 and $57.67 per square foot in 2022 with an average tenant allowance on new leases of $59.96 per square foot and $56.16 per square foot, respectively.  

Japan Data

The following are selected key operating statistics for our Premium Outlets in Japan. The information used to prepare these statistics has been supplied by the managing venture partner.

	March 31,			March 31,			%/Basis Points
	2023			2022			Change
Ending Occupancy		99.9	%		99.5	%	+40 bps
Average Base Minimum Rent per Square Foot	¥	5,708		¥	5,524		3.33	%

Results of Operations

The following acquisitions and dispositions of consolidated properties affected our consolidated results in the comparative periods:

● On June 17, 2022, we acquired an additional interest in Gloucester Premium Outlets from a joint venture, resulting in the consolidation of this property.

● During the second quarter of 2022, we disposed of one retail property.

The following acquisitions, dispositions and openings of equity method investments and properties affected our income from unconsolidated entities in the comparative periods:

● During the fourth quarter of 2022, we disposed of one retail property.

● During the fourth quarter of 2022, we contributed to ABG all of our interest in the licensing venture of Eddie Bauer in exchange for additional interest in ABG. Our non-controlling interest in ABG is approximately 12.3% after this transaction.

● On December 19, 2022, we completed the acquisition of a 50% non-controlling legal ownership interest in Jamestown, a global real estate investment and asset management firm, as well as separate interests in certain real estate and working capital, for cash consideration of $173.4 million.

● On November 3, 2022, we opened Fukaya-Hanazono Premium Outlet, a 296,300 square foot center in Fukaya City, Japan. We own a 40% interest in this center.

● During the third quarter of 2022, we disposed of one retail property.

For the purposes of the following comparison between the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the above transactions are referred to as the property transactions. In the following discussions of our results of operations, “comparable” refers to properties we owned or held interests in and operated in both of the periods under comparison.

Three months ended March 31, 2023 vs. Three months ended March 31, 2022

Lease income increased $40.3 million, due to an increase in fixed lease income of $53.5 million primarily due to an increase in fixed minimum lease consideration and higher occupancy, partially offset by a decrease in variable lease income based on tenant sales of $13.2 million.  

Total other income increased $13.2 million, primarily due to a $9.5 million increase in interest income, a $13.8 million increase in Simon Brand Ventures, gift card, fee and net other income and a $4.9 million increase in dividend and distribution income, partially offset by a $15.0 million decrease in lease settlement income.

Home and regional office costs increased $4.6 million due to increased personnel and compensation costs.

Other expense increased $3.5 million primarily due to increased legal and other professional fees.

Interest expense increased $14.3 million primarily related to $7.3 million from increased variable rates and $5.0 million from new USD bond issuances during 2023.

Income and other tax benefit increased $12.0 million due to lower tax expense in 2023 on our share of operating results from our other platform investments.

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Income from unconsolidated entities decreased $59.3 million primarily due to lower results of operations year over year from our other platform investments.

Simon’s net income attributable to noncontrolling interests increased $5.7 million due to an increase in the net income of the Operating Partnership.  

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Because we own long-lived income-producing assets, our financing strategy relies primarily on long-term fixed rate debt. Floating rate debt comprised 2.0% of our total consolidated debt at March 31, 2023. We also enter into interest rate protection agreements from time to time to manage our interest rate risk. We derive most of our liquidity from positive net cash flow from operations and distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities that totaled $876.0 million in the aggregate during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Credit Facilities and the Commercial Paper program provide alternative sources of liquidity as our cash needs vary from time to time. Borrowing capacity under these sources may be increased as discussed further below.

Our balance of cash and cash equivalents increased $533.8 million during the first three months of 2023 to $1.2 billion as of March 31, 2023 as a result of the operating and financing activity, as further discussed in “Cash Flows” below.

On March 31, 2023, we had an aggregate available borrowing capacity of approximately $7.6 billion under the Credit Facilities, net of outstanding borrowings of $940.8 million and letters of credit of $9.9 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the maximum aggregate outstanding balance under the Credit Facilities was $940.8 million and the weighted average outstanding balance was $940.8 million. The weighted average interest rate was 3.69% for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Simon has historically had access to public equity markets and the Operating Partnership has historically had access to private and public long and short-term unsecured debt markets and access to secured debt and private equity from institutional investors at the property level.

Our business model and Simon’s status as a REIT require us to regularly access the debt markets to raise funds for acquisition, development and redevelopment activity, and to refinance maturing debt. Simon may also, from time to time, access the equity capital markets to accomplish our business objectives. We believe we have sufficient cash on hand and availability under the Credit Facilities and the Commercial Paper program to address our debt maturities and capital needs through 2023.

Cash Flows

Our net cash flow from operating activities and distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 totaled $876.0 million. In addition, we had net proceeds from our debt financing and repayment activities of $545.6 million in 2023. These activities are further discussed below under “Financing and Debt.” During the first three months of 2023, we also:

● paid stockholder dividends and unitholder distributions totaling approximately $676.1 million and preferred unit distributions totaling $1.3 million,

● funded consolidated capital expenditures of $166.1 million (including development and other costs of $26.3 million, redevelopment and expansion costs of $103.9 million, and tenant costs and other operational capital expenditures of $35.9 million), and

● funded investments in unconsolidated entities of $10.7 million.

In general, we anticipate that cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet operating expenses, monthly debt service, recurring capital expenditures, and dividends to stockholders and/or distributions to partners necessary to maintain Simon’s REIT qualification on a long-term basis.  In addition, we expect to be able to generate or obtain capital for nonrecurring capital expenditures, such as acquisitions, major building redevelopments and expansions, as well as for scheduled principal maturities on outstanding indebtedness, from the following, however a severe and prolonged disruption and instability in the global financial markets, including the debt and equity capital markets, may affect our ability to access necessary capital:

● excess cash generated from operating performance and working capital reserves,

● borrowings on the Credit Facilities and Commercial Paper program,

● additional secured or unsecured debt financing, or

● additional equity raised in the public or private markets.

We expect to generate positive cash flow from operations in 2023, and we consider these projected cash flows in our sources and uses of cash. These cash flows are principally derived from rents paid by our tenants. A significant deterioration in

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projected cash flows from operations could cause us to increase our reliance on available funds from the Credit Facilities and Commercial Paper program, further curtail planned capital expenditures, or seek other additional sources of financing.

Financing and Debt

Unsecured Debt

At March 31, 2023, our unsecured debt consisted of $20.4 billion of senior unsecured notes of the Operating Partnership and $125.0 million outstanding under the Credit Facility and $815.8 million (U.S. dollar equivalent) of Euro-denominated borrowings outstanding under the Supplemental Facility.

At March 31, 2023, we had an aggregate available borrowing capacity of $7.6 billion under the Credit Facilities. The maximum aggregate outstanding balance under the Credit Facilities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $940.8 million and the weighted average outstanding balance was $940.8 million. Letters of credit of $9.9 million were outstanding under the Credit Facilities as of March 31, 2023.

On March 14, 2023, we amended, restated, extended, and increased our existing $4.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility. The Credit Facility has an initial borrowing capacity of $5.0 billion which may be increased in the form of additional commitments in the aggregate not to exceed $1.0 billion, for a total aggregate size of $6.0 billion, subject to obtaining additional lender commitments and satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.  Borrowings may be denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Pounds Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 97% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Credit Facility was extended to June 30, 2027. The Credit Facility can be extended for two additional six-month periods to June 30, 2028, at our sole option, subject to satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, at our election, at either (i) (x) for Term Benchmark Loans, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the applicable Local Rate, the Adjusted EURIBOR Rate, or the Adjusted TIBOR Rate, (y) for RFR Loans, if denominated in Sterling, SONIA plus a benchmark adjustment and if denominated in Dollars, Daily Simple SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment, or (z) for Daily SOFR Loans, the Adjusted Floating Overnight Daily SOFR Rate, in each case of clauses (x) through (z) above, plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.650% and 1.400% or (ii) for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars only, the base rate (which rate is equal to the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.500% or Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for one month plus 1.000%) (the “Base Rate”), plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.000% and 0.400%. The Credit Facility includes a facility fee determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.100% and 0.300% on the aggregate revolving commitments under the Credit Facility.  Based upon our current credit ratings, the interest rate on the Credit Facility is SOFR plus 72.5 basis points, plus a spread adjustment to account for the transition from LIBOR to SOFR.

The Supplemental Facility’s borrowing capacity of $3.5 billion may be increased to $4.5 billion during its term and provides for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Pounds, Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 100% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Supplemental Facility is January 31, 2026 and can be extended for an additional year to January 31, 2027 at our sole option, subject to satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.

Borrowings under the Supplemental Facility bear interest, at the Company’s election, at either (i) (x) for Term Benchmark Loans, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the applicable Local Rate, the Adjusted EURIBOR Rate, or the Adjusted TIBOR Rate, (y) for RFR Loans, if denominated in Sterling, SONIA plus a benchmark adjustment and if denominated in Dollars, Daily Simple SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment, or (z) for Daily SOFR Loans, the Adjusted Floating Overnight Daily SOFR Rate, in each case of clauses (x) through (z) above, plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.650% and 1.400% or (ii) for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars only, the base rate (which rate is equal to the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.500% or Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for one month plus 1.000%) (the “Base Rate”), plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.000% and 0.400%. The Supplemental Facility includes a facility fee determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.100% and 0.300% on the aggregate revolving commitments under the Supplemental Facility.  Based upon our current credit ratings, the interest rate on the Supplemental Facility is SOFR plus 72.5 basis points, plus a spread adjustment to account for the transition from LIBOR to SOFR.

The Operating Partnership also has available a Commercial Paper program of $2.0 billion, or the non-U.S. dollar equivalent thereof.  The Operating Partnership may issue unsecured commercial paper notes, denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro and other currencies. Notes issued in non-U.S. currencies may be issued by one or more subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership and are guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. Notes are sold under customary terms in the U.S. and Euro commercial paper note markets and rank (either by themselves or as a result of the guarantee described above) pari passu with the Operating Partnership’s other unsecured senior indebtedness. The Commercial Paper program is supported by the Credit Facilities and, if necessary or appropriate, we may make one or more draws under either of the Credit Facilities to pay amounts outstanding from time to time on

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the Commercial Paper program. On March 31, 2023, we had no outstanding balance under the Commercial Paper program. Borrowings reduce amounts otherwise available under the Credit Facilities.

On March 8, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $650 million with a fixed interest rate 5.50%, and $650 million with a fixed interest rate of 5.85%, with maturity dates of March 8, 2033 and March 8, 2053, respectively. The Operating Partnership used a portion of the net proceeds of the offering to fund the optional redemption of its $500 million floating rate notes due January 2024 on March 13, 2023.

On January 10, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed interest rate swap agreements with a combined notional value at €750.0 million to swap the interest rate of the Euro denominated borrowings outstanding under the Supplemental Facility to an all-in fixed rate of 3.81%. These interest rate swaps mature on January 17, 2024.

On November 16, 2022, the Operating Partnership drew €750.0 million ($779.0 million U.S. dollar equivalent as of the issuance date) under the Supplemental facility and used the proceeds on November 17, 2022, to repay €750.0 million ($777.1 million U.S. dollar equivalent as of the payoff date) of senior unsecured notes at maturity.

On January 11, 2022, the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $500 million with a floating interest rate of SOFR plus 43 basis points, and $700 million with a fixed interest rate of 2.650%, with maturity dates of January 11, 2024 and February 1, 2032, respectively. The proceeds were used to repay $1.05 billion outstanding under the Supplemental Facility on January 12, 2022.

Mortgage Debt

Total mortgage indebtedness was $5.3 billion and $5.5 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Covenants

Our unsecured debt agreements contain financial covenants and other non-financial covenants. The Credit Facilities contain ongoing covenants relating to total and secured leverage to capitalization value, minimum earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, or EBITDA, and unencumbered EBITDA coverage requirements.  Payment under the Credit Facilities can be accelerated if the Operating Partnership or Simon is subject to bankruptcy proceedings or upon the occurrence of certain other events. If we were to fail to comply with these covenants, after the expiration of the applicable cure periods, the debt maturity could be accelerated or other remedies could be sought by the lender, including adjustments to the applicable interest rate. As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants of our unsecured debt.

At March 31, 2023, our consolidated subsidiaries were the borrowers under 38 non-recourse mortgage notes secured by mortgages on 41 properties and other assets, including two separate pools of cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized mortgages encumbering a total of five properties. Under these cross-default provisions, a default under any mortgage included in the cross-defaulted pool may constitute a default under all mortgages within that pool and may lead to acceleration of the indebtedness due on each property within the pool. Certain of our secured debt instruments contain financial and other non-financial covenants which are specific to the properties that serve as collateral for that debt. If the applicable borrower under these non-recourse mortgage notes were to fail to comply with these covenants, the lender could accelerate the debt and enforce its rights against their collateral. At March 31, 2023, the applicable borrowers under these non-recourse mortgage notes were in compliance with all covenants where non-compliance could individually or in the aggregate, giving effect to applicable cross-default provisions, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Summary of Financing

Our consolidated debt, adjusted to reflect outstanding derivative instruments, and the effective weighted average interest rates as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

			Effective			Effective
	Adjusted Balance		Weighted	Adjusted		Weighted
	as of		Average	Balance as of		Average
Debt Subject to	March 31, 2023		Interest Rate(1)	December 31, 2022		Interest Rate(1)
Fixed Rate	$	25,031,285	3.31%	$	22,673,703	3.15%
Variable Rate		538,683	6.13%		2,286,583	3.93%
	$	25,569,968	3.36%	$	24,960,286	3.22%

(1) Effective weighted average interest rate excludes the impact of net discounts and debt issuance costs.

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Contractual Obligations

There have been no material changes to our outstanding capital expenditure and lease commitments previously disclosed in the combined 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership.

In regards to long-term debt arrangements, the following table summarizes the material aspects of these future obligations on our consolidated indebtedness as of March 31, 2023, for the remainder of 2023 and subsequent years thereafter (dollars in thousands), assuming the obligations remain outstanding through initial maturities, including applicable exercise of available extension options:

	2023		2024-2025		2026-2027		After 2027		Total
Long Term Debt (1)	$	1,048,936	$	5,405,213	$	7,196,510	$	12,034,607	$	25,685,266
Interest Payments (2)		650,112		1,535,795		1,065,917		4,762,680		8,014,504

(1) Represents principal maturities only and, therefore, excludes net discounts and debt issuance costs.

(2) Variable rate interest payments are estimated based on the applicable LIBOR or SOFR rate at March 31, 2023.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Our off-balance sheet arrangements consist primarily of our investments in joint ventures which are common in the real estate industry and are described in note 6 of the condensed notes to our consolidated financial statements. Our joint ventures typically fund their cash needs through secured debt financings obtained by and in the name of the joint venture entity. The joint venture debt is secured by a first mortgage, is without recourse to the joint venture partners, and does not represent a liability of the partners, except to the extent the partners or their affiliates expressly guarantee the joint venture debt. As of March 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership guaranteed joint venture-related mortgage indebtedness of $132.0 million.  Mortgages guaranteed by the Operating Partnership are secured by the property of the joint venture which could be sold in order to satisfy the outstanding obligation and which has an estimated fair value in excess of the guaranteed amount. We may elect to fund cash needs of a joint venture through equity contributions (generally on a basis proportionate to our ownership interests), advances or partner loans, although such fundings are not typically required contractually or otherwise.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

Buy-sell, marketing rights, and other exit mechanisms are common in real estate partnership agreements. Most of our partners are institutional investors who have a history of direct investment in retail real estate. We and our partners in our joint venture properties may initiate these provisions (subject to any applicable lock up or similar restrictions). If we determine it is in our stockholders’ best interests for us to purchase the joint venture interest and we believe we have adequate liquidity to execute the purchase without hindering our cash flows, then we may initiate these provisions or elect to buy our partner’s interest. If we decide to sell any of our joint venture interests, we expect to use the net proceeds to reduce outstanding indebtedness or to reinvest in development, redevelopment, or expansion opportunities.

Acquisitions. On June 17, 2022, we acquired an additional interest in Gloucester Premium Outlets from a joint venture partner for $14.0 million in cash consideration, including a pro-rata share of working capital, resulting in the consolidation of this property. The property is subject to an $85.7 million 3.29% variable rate mortgage loan.

Dispositions.  We may continue to pursue the disposition of properties that no longer meet our strategic criteria or that are not a primary retail venue within their trade area.

During 2022, we disposed of our interest in one consolidated retail property. The proceeds from this transaction were $59.0 million, resulting in a loss of $15.6 million. We also recorded a non-cash gain of $19.9 million related to the disposition of one unconsolidated retail property in satisfaction of its $99.6 million non-recourse mortgage loan.

Joint Venture Formation and Other Investment Activity

On December 19, 2022, we completed the acquisition of a 50% noncontrolling legal ownership interest in Jamestown, a global real estate investment and asset management company, as well as separate interests in certain real estate and working capital, for total cash consideration of $173.4 million.

On December 1, 2022, we sold to ABG our interests in the licensing venture of Eddie Bauer for additional interests in ABG. As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2022, we recognized a non-cash pre-tax gain of $159.0 million, representing the difference between the fair value of the interests received determined using Level 3 inputs and the $98.8 million carrying value of the intellectual property licensing venture less costs to sell. At March 31, 2023, our interest in ABG was approximately 12.3%.

During the first quarter of 2022, SPARC Group acquired certain assets and operations of Reebok and entered into a long-term strategic partnership agreement with ABG to become the core licensee and operating partner for Reebok in the United States.

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Development Activity

We routinely incur costs related to construction for significant redevelopment and expansion projects at our properties. Redevelopment and expansion projects, including the addition of anchors, big box tenants, restaurants, as well as office space and residential uses are underway at properties in North America, Europe and Asia.

Construction continues on certain redevelopment and new development projects in the U.S. and internationally that are nearing completion.  Our share of the costs of all new development, redevelopment and expansion projects currently under construction is approximately $974 million.  Simon’s share of remaining net cash funding required to complete the new development and redevelopment projects currently under construction is approximately $337 million.  We expect to fund these capital projects with cash flows from operations. We seek a stabilized return on invested capital in the range of 7-10% for all of our new development, expansion and redevelopment projects.  

International Development Activity.  We typically reinvest net cash flow from our international joint ventures to fund future international development activity. We believe this strategy mitigates some of the risk of our initial investment and our exposure to changes in foreign currencies. We have also funded most of our foreign investments with local currency-denominated borrowings that act as a natural hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates. Our consolidated net income exposure to changes in the volatility of the Euro, Yen, Peso, Won, and other foreign currencies is not material. We expect our share of estimated committed capital for international development projects to be completed with projected delivery in 2023 or 2024 is $116 million, primarily funded through reinvested joint venture cash flow and construction loans.  

The following table describes these new development and expansion projects as well as our share of the estimated total cost as of March 31, 2023 (in millions):

		Gross	Our	Our Share of		Our Share of		Projected/Actual
		Leasable	Ownership	Projected Net Cost		Projected Net Cost		Opening
Property	Location	Area (sqft)	Percentage	(in Local Currency)		(in USD) (1)		Date
New Development Projects:
Paris-Giverny Designer Outlet	Vernon (Normandy), France	228,000	74%	EUR	128.9	$	140.2	Apr. - 2023
Expansion:
Busan Premium Outlet Phase 2	Busan, South Korea	194,000	50%	KRW	72,933	$	56.0	Oct. - 2024

(1) USD equivalent based upon March 31, 2023 foreign currency exchange rates.

Dividends, Distributions and Stock Repurchase Program

Simon paid a common stock dividend of $1.80 per share for the first quarter of 2023.  Simon paid a common stock dividend of $1.65 per share for the first quarter of 2022.  The Operating Partnership paid distributions per unit for the same amounts.  On May 2, 2023, Simon’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the second quarter of 2023 of $1.85 per share, payable on June 30, 2023 to shareholders of record on June 9, 2023.  The distribution rate on units is equal to the dividend rate on common stock.  In order to maintain its status as a REIT, Simon must pay a minimum amount of dividends. Simon’s future dividends and the Operating Partnership’s future distributions will be determined by Simon’s Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, based on actual and projected financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, cash available for dividends and limited partner distributions, cash reserves as deemed necessary for capital and operating expenditures, financing covenants, if any, and the amount required to maintain Simon’s status as a REIT.

On May 9, 2022, Simon's Board of Directors authorized a common stock repurchase plan.  Under the plan, Simon may repurchase up to $2.0 billion of its common stock during the two-year period commencing on May 16, 2022 and ending on May 16, 2024 in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions as market conditions warrant.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, Simon purchased 1,830,022 shares at an average price of $98.57 per share.  As Simon repurchases shares under these programs, the Operating Partnership repurchases an equal number of units from Simon.  

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements made in this section or elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may be deemed "forward–looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although the Company believes the expectations reflected in any forward–looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, the Company can give no assurance that its expectations will be attained, and it is possible that the Company's actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward–looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to: changes in economic and market conditions that may adversely affect the general retail environment; the inability to renew leases and relet vacant space at existing properties on favorable terms; an increase in vacant space at our properties; the potential loss of anchor stores or major tenants; the inability to collect rent due to the bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants or

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otherwise; the intensely competitive market environment in the retail industry, including e-commerce; the inability to lease newly developed properties on favorable terms; our international activities subjecting us to risks that are different from or greater than those associated with our domestic operations, including changes in foreign exchange rates; changes in market rates of interest; risks associated with the acquisition, development, redevelopment, expansion, leasing and management of properties; general risks related to real estate investments, including the illiquidity of real estate investments; the impact of our substantial indebtedness on our future operations, including covenants in the governing agreements that impose restrictions on us that may affect our ability to operate freely; any disruption in the financial markets that may adversely affect our ability to access capital for growth and satisfy our ongoing debt service requirements; any change in our credit rating; the continuing transition of LIBOR to SOFR; our continued ability to maintain our status as a REIT; changes in tax laws or regulations that result in adverse tax consequences; risks relating to our joint venture properties, including guarantees of certain joint venture indebtedness; environmental liabilities; the conflict in Ukraine; natural disasters; the availability of comprehensive insurance coverage; the potential for terrorist activities;  security breaches that could compromise our information technology or infrastructure; uncertainties regarding the impact of pandemics, epidemics or public health crises, and the associated governmental restrictions on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and liquidity; and the loss of key management personnel. The Company discusses these and other risks and uncertainties under the heading "Risk Factors" in its annual and quarterly periodic reports filed with the SEC.  The Company may update that discussion in subsequent other periodic reports, but except as required by law, the Company undertakes no duty or obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise.  

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Industry practice is to evaluate real estate properties in part based on performance measures such as FFO, diluted FFO per share, NOI, beneficial interest of combined NOI and portfolio NOI. We believe that these non-GAAP measures are helpful to investors because they are widely recognized measures of the performance of REITs and provide a relevant basis for comparison among REITs. We also use these measures internally to measure the operating performance of our portfolio.  We are providing different components of NOI, such as Portfolio NOI (a component of beneficial interest of combined NOI that relates to the operational performance of our global real estate portfolio), to provide investors with disaggregated information to further differentiate our global real estate portfolio performance from corporate and other platform investments.

We determine FFO based upon the definition set forth by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) Funds From Operations White Paper – 2018 Restatement.  Our main business includes acquiring, owning, operating, developing, and redeveloping real estate in conjunction with the rental of real estate.  Gain and losses of assets incidental to our main business are included in FFO.  We determine FFO to be our share of consolidated net income computed in accordance with GAAP:

● excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization,

● excluding gains and losses from extraordinary items,

● excluding gains and losses from the acquisition of controlling interest, sale, disposal or property insurance recoveries of, or any impairment related to, depreciable retail operating properties,

● plus the allocable portion of FFO of unconsolidated joint ventures based upon economic ownership interest, and

● all determined on a consistent basis in accordance with GAAP.

You should understand that our computations of these non-GAAP measures might not be comparable to similar measures reported by other REITs and that these non-GAAP measures:

● do not represent cash flow from operations as defined by GAAP,

● should not be considered as an alternative to net income determined in accordance with GAAP as a measure of operating performance, and

● are not an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity.

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The following schedule reconciles total FFO to consolidated net income and, for Simon, diluted net income per share to diluted FFO per share.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Consolidated Net Income	$	519,255	$	488,310
Adjustments to Arrive at FFO:
Depreciation and amortization from consolidated properties		304,234		307,913
Our share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated entities, including Klépierre, TRG and other corporate investments		209,330		225,086
Gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—		(1,491)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest holders in properties		(762)		996
Noncontrolling interests portion of depreciation and amortization, gain on consolidation of properties, and gain on disposal of properties		(4,775)		(4,389)
Preferred distributions and dividends		(1,313)		(1,313)
FFO of the Operating Partnership	$	1,025,969	$	1,015,112
FFO allocable to limited partners		129,646		127,645
Dilutive FFO allocable to common stockholders	$	896,323	$	887,467
Diluted net income per share to diluted FFO per share reconciliation:
Diluted net income per share	$	1.38	$	1.30
Depreciation and amortization from consolidated properties and our share of depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated entities, including Klépierre, TRG and other corporate investments, net of noncontrolling interests portion of depreciation and amortization		1.36		1.41
Gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—		(0.01)
Diluted FFO per share	$	2.74	$	2.70
Basic and Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		326,954		328,606
Weighted average limited partnership units outstanding		47,291		47,264
Basic and Diluted weighted average shares and units outstanding		374,245		375,870

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The following schedule reconciles consolidated net income to our beneficial interest of combined NOI and the components thereof.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Reconciliation of NOI of consolidated entities:
Consolidated Net Income	$	519,255		$	488,310
Income and other tax benefit		(13,453)			(1,435)
Interest expense		199,429			185,159
Income from unconsolidated entities		(21,900)			(81,184)
Unrealized (gains) losses in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net		(20,608)			31,032
Gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—			(1,491)
Operating Income Before Other Items		662,723			620,391
Depreciation and amortization		307,059			310,163
Home and regional office costs		56,820			52,197
General and administrative		9,107			7,833
Other expenses (1)		--			12,395
NOI of consolidated entities	$	1,035,709		$	1,002,979
Less: Noncontrolling interest partners share of NOI		(7,522)			(5,944)
Beneficial NOI of consolidated entities	$	1,028,187		$	997,035
Reconciliation of NOI of unconsolidated entities:
Net Income	$	180,695		$	210,862
Interest expense		168,206			144,448
Operating Income Before Other Items		348,901			355,310
Depreciation and amortization		164,473			170,562
NOI of unconsolidated entities	$	513,374		$	525,872
Less: Joint Venture partners share of NOI		(267,901)			(273,526)
Beneficial NOI of unconsolidated entities	$	245,473		$	252,346
Add: Beneficial interest of NOI from TRG		119,699			107,292
Add: Beneficial interest of NOI from Other Platform Investments and Investments		20,586			91,997
Beneficial interest of Combined NOI	$	1,413,945		$	1,448,670
Less: Beneficial interest of Corporate and Other NOI Sources (2)		64,298			71,210
Less: Beneficial interest of NOI from Other Platform Investments (3)		(54,552)			25,885
Less: Beneficial interest of NOI from Investments (4)		48,045			46,030
Beneficial interest of Portfolio NOI	$	1,356,154		$	1,305,545
Beneficial interest of Portfolio NOI Change		3.9	%

(1) Represents the write-off of pre-development costs, our beneficial interest of which was $10.5 million with respect to consolidated entities for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

(2) Includes income components excluded from portfolio NOI and domestic property NOI (domestic lease termination income, interest income, land sale gains, straight line lease income, above/below market lease adjustments), Simon management company revenues, foreign exchange impact, and other assets.

(3) Other Platform Investments include J.C. Penney, SPARC, ABG, RGG and Jamestown.

(4) Includes our share of NOI of Klépierre (at constant currency) and other corporate investments.  

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Item 3.  Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Sensitivity Analysis

We disclosed a qualitative and quantitative analysis regarding market risk in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the combined 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership. There have been no material changes in the assumptions used or results obtained regarding market risk since December 31, 2022.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Simon

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Simon maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s, or the SEC’s, rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to Simon’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Because of inherent limitations, disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of disclosure controls and procedures are met.

Our management, with the participation of Simon’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of Simon’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. Based on that evaluation, Simon’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2023, Simon’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in Simon’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Simon’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Operating Partnership

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Operating Partnership maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including Simon’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Because of inherent limitations, disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of disclosure controls and procedures are met.

Our management, with the participation of Simon’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. Based on that evaluation, Simon’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II — Other Information

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

We are involved from time-to-time in various legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, environmental matters, and litigation in connection with transactions such as acquisitions and divestitures. We believe that current proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. We record a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Through the period covered by this report there were no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed under Item 1A. Risk Factors in Part I of the combined 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership.    

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Simon

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities made by Simon during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

					Total number	Approximate
					of shares	value of shares
					purchased as	that may yet
	Total number		Average		part of publicly	be purchased
	of shares		price paid		announced	under
Period	purchased		per share		plans	plans (2)
January 1, 2023 - January 31, 2023	22,338	(1)	$	117.48	—	$	1,819,613,279
February 1, 2023 - February 28, 2023	—		$	—	—	$	1,819,613,279
March 1, 2023 - March 31, 2023	—		$	—	—	$	1,819,613,279
	22,338		$	117.48	—

(1) Total number of shares purchased represents shares withheld by us and transferred to treasury shares in connection with employee payroll tax withholding upon the vesting of certain restricted stock awards.

(2) On May 9, 2022, Simon's Board of Directors authorized a common stock repurchase plan.  Under the plan, Simon may repurchase up to $2.0 billion of its common stock during the two-year period commencing on May 16, 2022 and ending on May 16, 2024 in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions as market conditions warrant.  As Simon repurchases shares under these programs, the Operating Partnership repurchases an equal number of units from Simon.

The Operating Partnership

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities made by the Operating Partnership during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership redeemed 22,442 units from four limited partners for $2.9 million.

Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.  Other Information

During the quarter covered by this report, the Audit Committee of Simon’s Board of Directors approved certain audit, audit-related and non-audit tax compliance and tax consulting services to be provided by Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm. This disclosure is made pursuant to Section 10A(i)(2) of the Exchange Act as added by Section 202 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

47

Item 6.  Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Descriptions
10.1	Third Amended and Restated $5,000,000,000 Credit Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of Simon Property Group, Inc. and L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 15, 2023).
10.2*	Simon Property Group, Inc. – 2023 Incentive Compensation Plan.
10.3*	Form of Simon Property Group Series 2023 LTIP Unit Award Agreement.
10.4*	Form of Certificate of Designation of Series 2023 LTIP Units of Simon Property Group, L.P.
10.5*	Form of Simon Property Group 2023 Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.
10.6*	Other Platform Investment Incentive Program
31.1	Simon Property Group, Inc. — Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Simon Property Group, Inc. — Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.3	Simon Property Group, L.P. — Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.4	Simon Property Group, L.P. — Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Simon Property Group, Inc. — Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Simon Property Group, L.P. — Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Represents a management contract, or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement required to be filed pursuant to Regulation S-K.  

48

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, INC.

/s/ Brian J. McDade

Brian J. McDade

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial

Officer

Date: May 4, 2023

SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, L.P.

/s/ Brian J. McDade

Brian J. McDade

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

of Simon Property Group, Inc., General Partner

Date: May 4, 2023

49

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Brian J. McDade, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Simon Property Group, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2023

/s/ Brian J. McDade

Brian J. McDade

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial

Officer

EX-31.4

XML

Document and Entity Information	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Document Information
Entity Registrant Name	SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001063761
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Entity File Number	001-14469
Entity Tax Identification Number	04-6268599
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	225 West Washington Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Indianapolis
Entity Address, State or Province	IN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	46204
City Area Code	317
Local Phone Number	636-1600
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Common stock
Document Information
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, $0.0001 par value
Trading Symbol	SPG
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | shares	326,988,470
Entity Listing, Par Value Per Share | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Class B common stock
Document Information
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | shares	8,000
Entity Listing, Par Value Per Share | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Series J Preferred stock
Document Information
Title of 12(b) Security	83/8% Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value
Trading Symbol	SPGJ
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Document Information
Entity Registrant Name	SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, L.P.
Entity Central Index Key	0001022344
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Entity File Number	001-36110
Entity Tax Identification Number	34-1755769
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	225 West Washington Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Indianapolis
Entity Address, State or Province	IN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	46204
City Area Code	317
Local Phone Number	636-1600
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	$ 38,505,497	$ 38,326,912
Less - accumulated depreciation	16,823,305	16,563,749
Investment properties, at cost, net	21,682,192	21,763,163
Cash and cash equivalents	1,155,423	621,628
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	779,702	823,540
Right-of-use assets, net	494,591	496,930
Deferred costs and other assets	1,141,583	1,159,293
Total assets	33,297,796	33,011,274
LIABILITIES:
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	25,569,968	24,960,286
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues	1,351,870	1,491,583
Cash distributions and losses in unconsolidated entities, at equity	1,703,448	1,699,828
Dividend payable	2,436	1,997
Lease liabilities	495,573	497,953
Other liabilities	497,210	535,736
Total liabilities	29,620,505	29,187,383
Commitments and contingencies
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests	224,419	212,239
Capital stock (850,000,000 total shares authorized, $0.0001 par value, 238,000,000 shares of excess common stock, 100,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock):
Series J 83/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 796,948 issued and outstanding with a liquidation value of $39,847	41,352	41,435
Capital in excess of par value	11,231,471	11,232,881
Accumulated deficit	(6,069,767)	(5,926,974)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(160,854)	(164,873)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost, 15,959,628 and 14,295,983 shares, respectively	(2,038,723)	(2,043,979)
Total stockholders' equity	3,003,513	3,138,524
Noncontrolling interests	449,359	473,128
Total equity	3,452,872	3,611,652
Total liabilities and equity	33,297,796	33,011,274
TRG
ASSETS:
Investment, in equity	3,062,030	3,074,345
Klepierre
ASSETS:
Investment, in equity	1,541,743	1,561,112
Unconsolidated Investments excluding Klepierre and TRG
ASSETS:
Investment, in equity	3,440,532	3,511,263
Simon Property Group, L.P.
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	38,505,497	38,326,912
Less - accumulated depreciation	16,823,305	16,563,749
Investment properties, at cost, net	21,682,192	21,763,163
Cash and cash equivalents	1,155,423	621,628
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	779,702	823,540
Right-of-use assets, net	494,591	496,930
Deferred costs and other assets	1,141,583	1,159,293
Total assets	33,297,796	33,011,274
LIABILITIES:
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	25,569,968	24,960,286
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues	1,351,870	1,491,583
Cash distributions and losses in unconsolidated entities, at equity	1,703,448	1,699,828
Dividend payable	2,436	1,997
Lease liabilities	495,573	497,953
Other liabilities	497,210	535,736
Total liabilities	29,620,505	29,187,383
Commitments and contingencies
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests	224,419	212,239
Capital stock (850,000,000 total shares authorized, $0.0001 par value, 238,000,000 shares of excess common stock, 100,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock):
Preferred units, 796,948 units outstanding. Liquidation value of $39,847	41,352	41,435
General Partner, 326,996,470 and 326,953,791 units outstanding, respectively	2,962,161	3,097,089
Limited Partners, 47,280,516 and 47,302,958 units outstanding, respectively	428,295	448,076
Total partners' equity	3,431,808	3,586,600
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net	21,064	25,052
Total equity	3,452,872	3,611,652
Total liabilities and equity	33,297,796	33,011,274
Simon Property Group, L.P. | TRG
ASSETS:
Investment, in equity	3,062,030	3,074,345
Simon Property Group, L.P. | Klepierre
ASSETS:
Investment, in equity	1,541,743	1,561,112
Simon Property Group, L.P. | Unconsolidated Investments excluding Klepierre and TRG
ASSETS:
Investment, in equity	3,440,532	3,511,263
Common stock
Capital stock (850,000,000 total shares authorized, $0.0001 par value, 238,000,000 shares of excess common stock, 100,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock):
Common stock	$ 34	$ 34

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Capital stock, total shares authorized	850,000,000	850,000,000
Capital stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Capital stock, shares of excess common stock	238,000,000	238,000,000
Capital stock, authorized shares of preferred stock	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock held in treasury, shares	15,916,949	15,959,628
Series J Preferred stock
Series J 8 3/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Series J 8 3/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, shares issued	796,948	796,948
Series J 8 3/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, shares outstanding	796,948	796,948
Preferred units, Liquidation value (in dollars)	$ 39,847	$ 39,847
Common stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	511,990,000	511,990,000
Common stock, shares issued	342,905,419	342,905,419
Common stock, shares outstanding	342,905,419	342,905,419
Class B common stock
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	10,000	10,000
Common stock, shares issued	8,000	8,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	8,000	8,000
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Preferred units, units outstanding	796,948	796,948
Preferred units, Liquidation value (in dollars)	$ 39,847	$ 39,847
General Partner, units outstanding	326,996,470	326,953,791
Limited Partners, units outstanding	47,280,516	47,302,958

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
REVENUE:
Lease income	$ 1,248,185	$ 1,207,867
Management fees and other revenues	28,949	27,587
Other income	73,715	60,468
Total revenue	1,350,849	1,295,922
EXPENSES:
Property operating	111,748	103,664
Depreciation and amortization	307,059	310,163
Real estate taxes	111,159	111,691
Repairs and maintenance	22,174	22,304
Advertising and promotion	24,159	25,263
Home and regional office costs	56,820	52,197
General and administrative	9,107	7,833
Other	45,900	42,416
Total operating expenses	688,126	675,531
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS	662,723	620,391
Interest expense	(199,429)	(185,159)
Income and other tax benefit	13,453	1,435
Income from unconsolidated entities	21,900	81,184
Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net	20,608	(31,032)
Gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		1,491
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME	519,255	488,310
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	66,594	60,846
Preferred dividends	834	834
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS	$ 451,827	$ 426,630
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
Net income attributable to common stockholders - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.38	$ 1.30
Net income attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.38	$ 1.30
Consolidated Net Income	$ 519,255	$ 488,310
Unrealized gain on derivative hedge agreements	5,672	16,833
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	(501)	(387)
Currency translation adjustments	(751)	1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	194	(521)
Comprehensive income	523,869	505,540
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	67,189	62,982
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	456,680	442,558
Simon Property Group, L.P.
REVENUE:
Lease income	1,248,185	1,207,867
Management fees and other revenues	28,949	27,587
Other income	73,715	60,468
Total revenue	1,350,849	1,295,922
EXPENSES:
Property operating	111,748	103,664
Depreciation and amortization	307,059	310,163
Real estate taxes	111,159	111,691
Repairs and maintenance	22,174	22,304
Advertising and promotion	24,159	25,263
Home and regional office costs	56,820	52,197
General and administrative	9,107	7,833
Other	45,900	42,416
Total operating expenses	688,126	675,531
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS	662,723	620,391
Interest expense	(199,429)	(185,159)
Income and other tax benefit	13,453	1,435
Income from unconsolidated entities	21,900	81,184
Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net	20,608	(31,032)
Gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		1,491
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME	519,255	488,310
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	762	(996)
Preferred dividends	1,313	1,313
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS	517,180	487,993
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS ATTRIBUTABLE TO:
General Partner	451,827	426,630
Limited Partners	$ 65,353	$ 61,363
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
Net income attributable to common stockholders - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.38	$ 1.30
Net income attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.38	$ 1.30
Consolidated Net Income	$ 519,255	$ 488,310
Unrealized gain on derivative hedge agreements	5,672	16,833
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	(501)	(387)
Currency translation adjustments	(751)	1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	194	(521)
Comprehensive income	523,869	505,540
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	190	273
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$ 523,679	$ 505,267

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated Net Income	$ 519,255	$ 488,310
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	322,392	324,124
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		(1,491)
Unrealized (gains) losses in fair value of equity instruments	(20,608)	31,032
Straight-line lease loss	6,912	9,254
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities	(21,900)	(81,184)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities	119,146	121,448
Changes in assets and liabilities
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	25,774	89,958
Deferred costs and other assets	3,981	(41,214)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, deferred revenues and other	(126,271)	(148,368)
Net cash provided by operating activities	828,681	791,869
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisitions	(27,712)
Funding of loans to related parties	(6,500)	(125,357)
Repayments of loans to related parties	2,913	71,930
Capital expenditures, net	(166,070)	(154,649)
Investments in unconsolidated entities	(10,664)	(124,429)
Purchase of equity instruments		(6,390)
Proceeds from sale of equity instruments	978	25,986
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities and other	47,315	213,010
Net cash used in investing activities	(159,740)	(99,899)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sales of common stock and other, net of transaction costs	(83)	(82)
Purchase of shares related to stock grant recipients' tax withholdings	(2,624)	(3,757)
Redemption of limited partner units	(2,858)	(147)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in properties	(5,525)	(1,205)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in properties	6,459	4,833
Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership	(479)	(479)
Distributions to stockholders and preferred dividends	(590,434)	(543,010)
Distributions to limited partners	(85,163)	(78,024)
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of transaction costs	1,412,721	2,433,167
Repayments of debt	(867,160)	(2,522,273)
Net cash used in financing activities	(135,146)	(710,977)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	533,795	(19,007)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period	621,628	533,936
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	1,155,423	514,929
Simon Property Group, L.P.
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated Net Income	519,255	488,310
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	322,392	324,124
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		(1,491)
Unrealized (gains) losses in fair value of equity instruments	(20,608)	31,032
Straight-line lease loss	6,912	9,254
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities	(21,900)	(81,184)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities	119,146	121,448
Changes in assets and liabilities
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	25,774	89,958
Deferred costs and other assets	3,981	(41,214)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, deferred revenues and other	(126,271)	(148,368)
Net cash provided by operating activities	828,681	791,869
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisitions	(27,712)
Funding of loans to related parties	(6,500)	(125,357)
Repayments of loans to related parties	2,913	71,930
Capital expenditures, net	(166,070)	(154,649)
Investments in unconsolidated entities	(10,664)	(124,429)
Purchase of equity instruments		(6,390)
Proceeds from sale of equity instruments	978	25,986
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities and other	47,315	213,010
Net cash used in investing activities	(159,740)	(99,899)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sales of common stock and other, net of transaction costs	(83)	(82)
Purchase of shares related to stock grant recipients' tax withholdings	(2,624)	(3,757)
Redemption of limited partner units	(2,858)	(147)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in properties	(5,525)	(1,205)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in properties	6,459	4,833
Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership	(676,076)	(621,513)
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of transaction costs	1,412,721	2,433,167
Repayments of debt	(867,160)	(2,522,273)
Net cash used in financing activities	(135,146)	(710,977)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	533,795	(19,007)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period	621,628	533,936
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	$ 1,155,423	$ 514,929

XML

Consolidated Statements of Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Simon Property Group, L.P. Simon (Managing General Partner)	Simon Property Group, L.P. Limited Partners	Simon Property Group, L.P. Preferred Stock	Simon Property Group, L.P. Noncontrolling Interests	Simon Property Group, L.P.	Preferred Stock Series J Preferred stock	Common Stock.	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Capital in Excess of Par Value	Accumulated Deficit	Common Stock Held in Treasury	Noncontrolling Interests	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021						$ 41,763	$ 34	$ (185,186)	$ 11,212,990	$ (5,823,708)	$ (1,884,441)	$ 491,533	$ 3,852,985
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 3,319,689	$ 477,292	$ 41,763	$ 14,241	$ 3,852,985
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Exchange of limited partner units									27			(27)
Series J preferred stock premium amortization			(82)		(82)	(82)							(82)
Limited partner units exchanged to common units	27	(27)
Stock incentive program									(6,864)		6,864
Redemption of limited partner units	(137)	(10)			(147)				(137)			(10)	(147)
Amortization of stock incentive	3,705				3,705				3,705				3,705
Long-term incentive performance units		3,895			3,895							3,895	3,895
Issuance of unit equivalents and other	(12,763)	(2)		(260)	(13,025)				1	(9,007)	(3,757)	(262)	(13,025)
Unrealized gain on hedging activities	14,715	2,118			16,833			14,715				2,118	16,833
Currency translation adjustments	1,170	135			1,305			1,170				135	1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	(455)	(66)			(521)			(455)				(66)	(521)
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	(338)	(49)			(387)			(338)				(49)	(387)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	15,092	2,138			17,230			15,092				2,138	17,230
Adjustment to limited partners' interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership	3,899	(3,899)							3,899			(3,899)
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(543,010)		(78,024)	(621,034)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners												(60)	(60)
Distributions, excluding distributions on preferred interests classified as temporary equity	(542,176)	(78,024)	(834)	(60)	(621,094)
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units and amounts attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	426,630	61,363	834	273	489,100
Net income, excluding attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										427,464		61,636	489,100
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022						41,681	34	(170,094)	11,213,621	(5,948,261)	(1,881,334)	476,920	3,732,567
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	3,213,966	462,726	41,681	14,194	3,732,567
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022						41,435	34	(164,873)	11,232,881	(5,926,974)	(2,043,979)	473,128	3,611,652
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	3,097,089	448,076	41,435	25,052	3,611,652
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Series J preferred stock premium amortization			(83)		(83)	(83)							(83)
Stock incentive program									(7,880)		7,880
Redemption of limited partner units	(2,645)	(213)			(2,858)				(2,645)			(213)	(2,858)
Amortization of stock incentive	5,379				5,379				5,379				5,379
Long-term incentive performance units		3,382			3,382							3,382	3,382
Issuance of unit equivalents and other	(7,644)	1		188	(7,455)					(5,020)	(2,624)	189	(7,455)
Unrealized gain on hedging activities	4,959	713			5,672			4,959				713	5,672
Currency translation adjustments	(671)	(80)			(751)			(671)				(80)	(751)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other	169	25			194			169				25	194
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings	(438)	(63)			(501)			(438)				(63)	(501)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	4,019	595			4,614			4,019				595	4,614
Adjustment to limited partners' interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership	3,736	(3,736)							3,736			(3,736)
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(590,434)		(85,163)	(675,597)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners												(4,366)	(4,366)
Distributions, excluding distributions on preferred interests classified as temporary equity	(589,600)	(85,163)	(834)	(4,366)	(679,963)
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units and amounts attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	451,827	65,353	834	190	518,204
Net income, excluding attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										452,661		65,543	518,204
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023						$ 41,352	$ 34	$ (160,854)	$ 11,231,471	$ (6,069,767)	$ (2,038,723)	$ 449,359	$ 3,452,872
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 2,962,161	$ 428,295	$ 41,352	$ 21,064	$ 3,452,872

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Consolidated Statements of Equity (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Exchange of limited partner units, (in shares)		2,680
Stock incentive program, shares	65,017	47,804
Redemption of Limited Partner Units	22,442	1,000
Shares repurchased	22,338	23,514
Net income attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership (in dollars)	$ 479	$ 479
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties (in dollars)	$ 572	$ (1,269)
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Limited partner units exchanged to common units		2,680
Stock incentive program, units	65,017	47,804
Redemption of Limited Partner Units	22,442	1,000
Issuance of equivalents units	22,338	72,442
Issuance of common units		23,514
Net income, attributable to preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units (in dollars)	$ 479	$ 479
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties (in dollars)	$ 572	$ (1,269)

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Organization

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization

Organization

1. Organization

Simon Property Group, Inc. is a Delaware corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. REITs will generally not be liable for U.S. federal corporate income taxes as long as they distribute not less than 100% of their REIT taxable income.  Simon Property Group, L.P. is our majority-owned Delaware partnership subsidiary that owns all of our real estate properties and other assets.  According to the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to pay all expenses of Simon.  In these condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to "Simon" mean Simon Property Group, Inc. and references to the "Operating Partnership" mean Simon Property Group, L.P.  References to "we," "us" and "our" mean collectively Simon, the Operating Partnership and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Simon and/or the Operating Partnership.  Unless otherwise indicated, these condensed notes to consolidated financial statements apply to both Simon and the Operating Partnership.

We own, develop and manage premier shopping, dining, entertainment and mixed-use destinations, which consist primarily of malls, Premium Outlets^®, and The Mills^®. As of March 31, 2023, we owned or held an interest in 196 income-producing properties in the United States, which consisted of 93 malls, 69 Premium Outlets, 14 Mills, six lifestyle centers, and 14 other retail properties in 37 states and Puerto Rico. We also own an 80% noncontrolling interest in the Taubman Realty Group, LLC, or TRG, which has an interest in 24 regional, super-regional, and outlet malls in the U.S. and Asia. Internationally, as of March 31, 2023, we had ownership in 34 Premium Outlets and Designer Outlet properties primarily located in Asia, Europe, and Canada. As of March 31, 2023, we also owned a 22.4% equity stake in Klépierre SA, or Klépierre, a publicly traded, Paris-based real estate company which owns, or has an interest in, shopping centers located in 14 countries in Europe.

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all controlled subsidiaries, and all significant intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Due to the seasonal nature of certain operational activities, the results for the interim periods ended March 31, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation (including normal recurring accruals) have been included. The consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the combined 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership. Certain reclassifications considered necessary for a fair presentation have been made to the prior period financial statements in order to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have not changed the results of operations.

As of March 31, 2023, we consolidated 130 wholly-owned properties and 18 additional properties that are less than wholly-owned, but which we control or for which we are the primary beneficiary. We apply the equity method of accounting to the other 82 properties (the joint venture properties) and our investments in Klépierre and TRG, as well as our investments (collectively, our other platform investments) in retail operations (J.C. Penney and SPARC Group); an intellectual property and licensing venture (Authentic Brands Group, LLC, or ABG); an e-commerce venture (Rue Gilt Groupe, or RGG); and Jamestown (a global real estate investment and management company). We manage the day-to-day operations of 51 of the 82 joint venture properties, but have determined that our partner or partners have substantive participating rights with respect to the assets and operations of these joint venture properties. Our investments in joint ventures in Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand, Canada, Spain, and the United Kingdom comprise 24 of the remaining 31 properties. These international properties and TRG are managed by joint ventures in which we share control.

Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership are accrued at declaration and represent distributions on outstanding preferred units of partnership interests, or preferred units, and are included in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. We allocate net operating results of the Operating Partnership after preferred distributions to limited partners and to Simon based on the partners’ respective weighted average ownership interests in the Operating Partnership.  Net operating results of the Operating Partnership attributable to limited partners are reflected in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. Simon’s weighted average ownership interest in the Operating Partnership was 87.4% for both the three months ended March 31, 2023

and 2022. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Simon’s ownership interest in the Operating Partnership was 87.4%. We adjust the noncontrolling limited partners’ interests at the end of each period to reflect their interest in the net assets of the Operating Partnership.

Preferred unit requirements in the Operating Partnership’s accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income represent distributions on outstanding preferred units and are recorded when declared.

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Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

3. Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents generally consist of commercial paper, bankers’ acceptances, Eurodollars, repurchase agreements, and money market deposits or securities. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk include our cash and cash equivalents and our trade accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with institutions of high credit quality. However, at certain times, such cash and cash equivalents are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Securities Investor Protection Corporation insurance limits.

Equity Instruments and Debt Securities

Equity instruments and debt securities consist primarily of equity instruments, our deferred compensation plan investments, the debt securities of our captive insurance subsidiary, and certain investments held to fund the debt service requirements of debt previously secured by investment properties. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had equity instruments with readily determinable fair values of $94.1 million and $73.0 million, respectively. Changes in the fair value of these equity instruments are recorded in unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had equity instruments without readily determinable fair values of $237.2 million and $236.2 million, respectively, for which we have elected the measurement alternative.  We regularly evaluate these investments for any impairment in their estimated fair value, as well as any observable price changes for an identical or similar equity instrument of the same issuer, and determined that no material adjustment in the carrying value was required for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Our deferred compensation plan equity instruments are valued based upon quoted market prices. The investments have a matching liability as the amounts are fully payable to the employees that earned the compensation. Changes in value of these securities and changes to the matching liability to employees are both recognized in earnings and, as a result, there is no impact to consolidated net income.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we held debt securities of $51.5 million and $52.3 million, respectively, in our captive insurance subsidiary. The types of securities included in the investment portfolio of our captive insurance subsidiary are typically U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government securities as well as corporate debt securities with maturities ranging from less than one year to ten years. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and are valued based upon quoted market prices or other observable inputs when quoted market prices are not available. The amortized cost of debt securities, which approximates fair value, held by our captive insurance subsidiary is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Changes in the values of these securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the gain or loss is realized or until any unrealized loss is deemed to be other-than-temporary. We review any declines in value of these securities for other-than-temporary impairment and consider the severity and duration of any decline in value. To the extent an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred, an impairment is recorded and a new cost basis is established.

Our captive insurance subsidiary is required to maintain statutory minimum capital and surplus as well as maintain a minimum liquidity ratio. Therefore, our access to these securities may be limited.

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1 fair value inputs are quoted prices for identical items in active, liquid and visible markets such as stock exchanges.  Level 2 fair value inputs are observable information for similar items in active or inactive markets, and appropriately consider

counterparty creditworthiness in the valuations.  Level 3 fair value inputs reflect our best estimate of inputs and assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability at the measurement date.  The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation estimate.  We have no investments for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs.

The equity instruments with readily determinable fair values we held at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were primarily classified as having Level 1 fair value inputs. In addition, we had derivative instruments which were classified as having Level 2 inputs, which consist primarily of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swap and cap agreements with an asset balance of $16.2 million at March 31, 2023 and $15.8 million at December 31, 2022, and a liability balance of $8.4 million and $8.6 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 7 includes a discussion of the fair value of debt measured using Level 2 inputs.  Level 3 inputs to our purchase accounting and impairment analyses include our estimations of net operating results of the property, capitalization rates and discount rates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Simon

Details of the carrying amount of our noncontrolling interests are as follows:

	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership	$	428,295	$	448,076
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		21,064		25,052
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$	449,359	$	473,128

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties, limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership and preferred distributions payable by the Operating Partnership on its outstanding preferred units) is a component of consolidated net income. In addition, the individual components of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the aggregate for both controlling and noncontrolling interests, with the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests deducted from comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders.

The Operating Partnership

Our evaluation of the appropriateness of classifying the Operating Partnership’s common units of partnership interest, or units, held by Simon and the Operating Partnership's limited partners within permanent equity considered several significant factors. First, as a limited partnership, all decisions relating to the Operating Partnership’s operations and distributions are made by Simon, acting as the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner. The decisions of the general partner are made by Simon's Board of Directors or management. The Operating Partnership has no other governance structure. Secondly, the sole asset of Simon is its interest in the Operating Partnership. As a result, a share of common stock of Simon, or common stock, if owned by the Operating Partnership, is best characterized as being similar to a treasury share and thus not an asset of the Operating Partnership.

Limited partners of the Operating Partnership have the right under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement to exchange their units for shares of common stock or cash, as selected by Simon as the sole general partner. Accordingly, we classify units held by limited partners in permanent equity because Simon may elect to issue shares of common stock to limited partners exercising their exchange rights rather than using cash. Under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to redeem units held by Simon only when Simon has repurchased shares of common stock. We classify units held by Simon in permanent equity because the decision to redeem those units would be made by Simon.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties) is a component of consolidated net income.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Simon

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to Simon’s currency translation adjustment was ($200.2) million and ($199.5) million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
					Affected line item where
	2023		2022		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative gains, net	$	501	$	387	Interest expense
		(63)		(49)	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
	$	438	$	338

The Operating Partnership

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the Operating Partnership’s currency translation adjustment was ($229.1) million and ($228.3) million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
					Affected line item where
	2023		2022		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative gains, net	$	501	$	387	Interest expense

New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform,” which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the US GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. Additional optional expedients, exceptions, and clarifications were created in ASU 2021-01. The guidance is effective upon issuance and generally can be applied to any contract modifications or existing and new hedging relationships through December 31, 2024.  We elected the expedients in conjunction with transitioning certain debt instruments, as discussed in note 7, to alternative benchmark indices. There was no impact on our consolidated financial statements at adoption.

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Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

4. Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Unless otherwise noted, gains and losses on property transactions are included in gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We capitalize asset acquisition costs and expense costs related to business combinations, as well as disposition related costs as they are incurred. We incurred a minimal amount of transaction expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

2022 Acquisitions

On June 17, 2022, we acquired an additional interest in Gloucester Premium Outlets from a joint venture partner for $14.0 million in cash consideration, including a pro-rata share of working capital, resulting in the consolidation of this property. The property is subject to an $85.7 million 3.29% variable rate mortgage loan. We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and substantially all of our investment has been determined to relate to investment property.

2022 Dispositions

On June 17, 2022, we disposed of our interest in one consolidated retail property. The proceeds from this transaction were $59.0 million, resulting in a loss of $15.6 million.

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Per Share and Per Unit Data

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Per Share and Per Unit Data

Per Share and Per Unit Data

5. Per Share and Per Unit Data

We determine basic earnings per share and basic earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units, as applicable, outstanding during the period and we consider any participating securities for purposes of applying the two-class method. We determine diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units, as applicable, outstanding combined with the incremental weighted average number of shares or units, as applicable, that would have been outstanding assuming all potentially dilutive securities were converted into shares of common stock or units, as applicable, at the earliest date possible. The following tables set forth the components of basic and diluted earnings per share and basic and diluted earnings per unit.

Simon

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders — Basic and Diluted	$	451,827	$	426,630
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		326,954,294		328,606,352

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, potentially dilutive securities include units that are exchangeable for common stock and long-term incentive performance units, or LTIP units, granted under our long-term incentive performance programs that are convertible into units and exchangeable for common stock. No securities had a material dilutive effect for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. We have not adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders and weighted average shares outstanding for income allocable to limited partners or units, respectively, as doing so would have no dilutive impact. We accrue dividends when they are declared.  

The Operating Partnership

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Income attributable to Unitholders — Basic and Diluted	$	517,180	$	487,993
Weighted Average Units Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		374,245,604		375,870,183

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, potentially dilutive securities include LTIP units. No securities had a material dilutive effect for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. We accrue distributions when they are declared.

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments

6. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments

Real Estate Joint Ventures and Investments

Joint ventures are common in the real estate industry. We use joint ventures to finance properties, develop new properties and diversify our risk in a particular property or portfolio of properties.  As discussed in note 2, we held joint venture interests in 82 properties as of March 31, 2023.

Certain of our joint venture properties are subject to various rights of first refusal, buy-sell provisions, put and call rights, or other sale or marketing rights for partners which are customary in real estate joint venture agreements and the industry. We and our partners in these joint ventures may initiate these provisions (subject to any applicable lock up or similar restrictions), which may result in either the sale of our interest or the use of available cash or borrowings, or the use of limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership, to acquire the joint venture interest from our partner.

We may provide financing to joint venture properties primarily in the form of interest bearing construction loans. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had construction loans and other advances to these related parties totaling $109.4 million and $112.0 million, respectively, which are included in deferred costs and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

During 2022, we recorded a non-cash gain of $19.9 million related to the disposition and foreclosure of two unconsolidated properties in satisfaction of the respective $99.6 million and $83.1 million non-recourse mortgage loans. This non-cash investing and financing activity is excluded from our consolidated statement of cash flows.

Taubman Realty Group

We own an 80% noncontrolling ownership interest in TRG, which has an interest in 24 regional, super-regional, and outlet malls in the U.S. and Asia. Our investment includes 6.38% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units for $362.5 million issued to us.

The table below represents summary financial information of TRG.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	169,728	$	162,609
Operating income before other items		74,778		61,853
Consolidated net income		44,953		38,669
Our share of net income		34,848		30,543
Amortization of excess investment		(47,390)		(49,025)

Other Platform Investments

As of March 31, 2023, we own a 41.67% non-controlling interest in J.C. Penney, a department store retailer. We also own a 50% non-controlling interest in SPARC Group. During the first quarter of 2022, SPARC Group acquired certain assets and operations of Reebok and entered into a long-term strategic partnership agreement with ABG to become the core licensee and operating partner for Reebok in the United States.

At March 31, 2023, our interest in ABG was approximately 12.3%. On December 1, 2022, we sold to ABG all of our interests in the licensing venture of Eddie Bauer for additional interests in ABG. As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2022, we recognized a non-cash pre-tax gain of $159.0 million, representing the difference between the fair value of the interests received determined using Level 3 inputs and the $98.8 million carrying value of the intellectual property licensing venture less costs to sell.  This non-cash investing and financing activity is excluded from our consolidated statement of cash flows. In connection with this transaction, we recorded deferred taxes of $39.7 million.  

On July 1, 2021, we sold to ABG all of our interests in both the Forever 21 and Brooks Brothers licensing ventures in exchange for additional interests in ABG. As a result, in the third quarter of 2021, we recognized a non-cash, pre-tax gain of $159.8 million representing the difference between the fair value of the interests received determined using Level 3 inputs and the carrying value of $102.7 million of the intellectual property licensing ventures less costs to sell. This non-cash investing and financing activity is excluded from our consolidated statement of cash flows. In connection with this transaction, we recorded deferred taxes of $47.9 million.

On December 20, 2021, we sold a portion of our interest in ABG, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $18.8 million. In connection with this transaction, we recorded tax expense of $8.0 million. Subsequently, we acquired additional interests in ABG for cash consideration of $100.0 million.

As of March 31, 2023, we own a 45% non-controlling interest in Rue Gilt Groupe.

On December 19, 2022, we completed the acquisition of a 50% non-controlling legal ownership interest in Jamestown, a global real estate investment and asset management company, as well as separate interests in certain real estate and working capital, for total cash consideration of $173.4 million. Allocation of the excess investment to the underlying assets and liabilities acquired at the venture level is preliminary at March 31, 2023.

The table below represents combined summary financial information, after intercompany eliminations, of our other platform investments.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	2,956,722	$	3,140,858
Operating income before other items		(17,869)		(115,221)
Consolidated net income		(118,966)		(159,412)
Our share of net income (loss)		(37,789)		9,889
Amortization of excess investment		(1,665)		(1,665)

European Investments

At March 31, 2023, we owned 63,924,148 shares, or approximately 22.4%, of Klépierre, which had a quoted market price of $22.68 per share. The table below represents summary financial information with respect to our investment in Klépierre. This information is based on applicable Euro:USD exchange rates and after our conversion of Klépierre’s results to GAAP.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	322,557	$	293,349
Operating income before other items		105,308		75,895
Consolidated net income		82,719		46,416
Our share of net income		17,858		11,507
Amortization of excess investment		(3,253)		(2,796)

We have an interest in a European investee that had interests in 11 Designer Outlet properties as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, seven of which are consolidated by us as of March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, our legal percentage ownership interests in these properties ranged from 23% to 94%.  

In addition, we have a 50.0% noncontrolling interest in a European property management and development company that provides services to the Designer Outlet properties.

We also have minority interests in Value Retail PLC and affiliated entities, which own or have interests in and operate nine luxury outlets located throughout Europe and we also have a direct minority ownership in three of those outlets. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of these equity instruments without readily determinable fair values was $140.8 million and is included in deferred costs and other assets.  

Asian Joint Ventures

We conduct our international Premium Outlet operations in Japan through a joint venture with Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd. We have a 40% noncontrolling ownership interest in this joint venture. The carrying amount of our investment in this joint venture was $217.5 million and $206.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, including all related components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). We conduct our international Premium Outlet operations in South Korea through a joint venture with Shinsegae International Co. We have a 50% noncontrolling ownership interest in this joint venture. The carrying amount of our investment in this joint venture was $204.0 million and $199.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, including all related components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Summary Financial Information

A summary of the combined balance sheets and statements of operations of our equity method investments and share of income from such investments, excluding our investments in Klépierre and TRG as well as our other platform investments, follows.

COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets:
Investment properties, at cost	$	19,281,318	$	19,256,108
Less - accumulated depreciation		8,615,876		8,490,990
		10,665,442		10,765,118
Cash and cash equivalents		1,442,100		1,445,353
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		504,883		546,025
Right-of-use assets, net		138,209		143,526
Deferred costs and other assets		445,744		482,375
Total assets	$	13,196,378	$	13,382,397
Liabilities and Partners’ Deficit:
Mortgages	$	14,544,401	$	14,569,921
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenue		881,365		961,984
Lease liabilities		127,840		133,096
Other liabilities		403,041		446,064
Total liabilities		15,956,647		16,111,065
Preferred units		67,450		67,450
Partners’ deficit		(2,827,719)		(2,796,118)
Total liabilities and partners’ deficit	$	13,196,378	$	13,382,397
Our Share of:
Partners’ deficit	$	(1,234,120)	$	(1,232,086)
Add: Excess Investment		1,212,729		1,219,117
Our net (deficit) Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	$	(21,391)	$	(12,969)

“Excess Investment” represents the unamortized difference of our investment over our share of the equity in the underlying net assets of the joint ventures or other investments acquired and has been determined to relate to the fair value of the investment properties, intangible assets, including goodwill, and debt premiums and discounts. We amortize excess investment over the life of the related depreciable components of assets acquired, typically no greater than 40 years, the terms of the applicable leases, the estimated useful lives of the finite lived intangibles, and the applicable debt maturity, respectively. The amortization is included in the reported amount of income from unconsolidated entities.

COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	735,048	$	717,768
Other income		90,046		112,585
Total revenue		825,094		830,353
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Property operating		154,922		149,515
Depreciation and amortization		164,473		170,562
Real estate taxes		64,004		65,324
Repairs and maintenance		18,774		21,481
Advertising and promotion		20,710		19,318
Other		53,310		48,843
Total operating expenses		476,193		475,043
Operating Income Before Other Items		348,901		355,310
Interest expense		(168,206)		(144,448)
Net Income	$	180,695	$	210,862
Third-Party Investors’ Share of Net Income	$	90,259	$	104,657
Our Share of Net Income		90,436		106,205
Amortization of Excess Investment		(14,921)		(15,139)
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	$	75,515	$	91,066

Our share of income from unconsolidated entities in the above table, aggregated with our share of results from our investments in Klépierre and TRG as well as our other platform investments, before any applicable taxes, is presented in income from unconsolidated entities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.  Unless otherwise noted, our share of the gain on acquisition of controlling interest sale or disposal of assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net is reflected within gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt

Debt

7. Debt

Unsecured Debt

At March 31, 2023, our unsecured debt consisted of $20.4 billion of senior unsecured notes of the Operating Partnership and $125.0 million outstanding under the Operating Partnership’s $5.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Credit Facility and $815.8 million (U.S. dollar equivalent) of Euro-denominated borrowings outstanding under the Operating Partnership’s $3.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Supplemental Facility, or together with the Credit Facility, the Credit Facilities.

At March 31, 2023, we had an aggregate available borrowing capacity of $7.6 billion under the Credit Facilities. The maximum aggregate outstanding balance under the Credit Facilities, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $940.8 million and the weighted average outstanding balance was $940.8 million. Letters of credit of $9.9 million were outstanding under the Credit Facilities as of March 31, 2023.

On March 14, 2023, we amended, restated, extended, and increased our existing $4.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility. The Credit Facility has an initial borrowing capacity of $5.0 billion which may be increased in the form of additional commitments in the aggregate not to exceed $1.0 billion, for a total aggregate size of $6.0 billion, subject to obtaining additional lender commitments and satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.  Borrowings may be denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Pounds Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 97% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Credit Facility is June 30, 2027. The Credit Facility can be extended for two additional six-month periods to June 30, 2028, at our sole option, subject to satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, at our election, at either (i) (x) for Term Benchmark Loans, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the applicable Local Rate, the Adjusted EURIBOR Rate, or the Adjusted TIBOR Rate, (y) for RFR Loans, if denominated in Sterling, SONIA plus a benchmark adjustment and if denominated in Dollars, Daily Simple SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment, or (z) for Daily SOFR Loans, the Adjusted Floating Overnight Daily SOFR Rate, in each case of clauses (x) through (z) above, plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.650% and 1.400% or (ii) for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars only, the base rate (which rate is equal to the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.500% or Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for one month plus 1.000%) (the “Base Rate”), plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.000% and 0.400%. The Credit Facility includes a facility fee determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.100% and 0.300% on the aggregate revolving commitments under the Credit Facility.  Based upon our current credit ratings, the interest rate on the Credit Facility is SOFR plus 72.5 basis points, plus a spread adjustment to account for the transition from LIBOR to SOFR.

The Supplemental Facility’s borrowing capacity of $3.5 billion may be increased to $4.5 billion during its term and provides for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Pounds, Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 100% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Supplemental Facility is January 31, 2026 and can be extended for an additional year to January 31, 2027 at our sole option, subject to satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.

Borrowings under the Supplemental Facility bear interest, at the Company’s election, at either (i) (x) for Term Benchmark Loans, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the applicable Local Rate, the Adjusted EURIBOR Rate, or the Adjusted TIBOR Rate, (y) for RFR Loans, if denominated in Sterling, SONIA plus a benchmark adjustment and if denominated in Dollars, Daily Simple SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment, or (z) for Daily SOFR Loans, the Adjusted Floating Overnight Daily SOFR Rate, in each case of clauses (x) through (z) above, plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.650% and 1.400% or (ii) for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars only, the base rate (which rate is equal to the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.500% or Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for one month plus 1.000%) (the “Base Rate”), plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.000% and 0.400%. The Supplemental Facility includes a facility fee determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.100% and 0.300% on the aggregate revolving commitments under the Supplemental Facility.  Based upon our current credit ratings, the interest rate on the Supplemental Facility is SOFR plus 72.5 basis points, plus a spread adjustment to account for the transition from LIBOR to SOFR.

The Operating Partnership also has available a global unsecured commercial paper note program, or Commercial Paper program of, $2.0 billion, or the non-U.S. dollar equivalent thereof.  The Operating Partnership may issue unsecured commercial paper notes, denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro and other currencies. Notes issued in non-U.S. currencies may be issued by one or more subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership and are guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. Notes are sold under customary terms in the U.S. and Euro commercial paper note markets and rank (either by themselves or as a result of the guarantee described above) pari passu with the Operating Partnership’s other unsecured senior indebtedness. The Commercial Paper program is supported by the Credit Facilities and, if necessary or appropriate, we may make one or more draws under either of the Credit Facilities to pay amounts outstanding from time to time on the Commercial Paper program. On March 31, 2023, we had no outstanding balance under the Commercial Paper program. Borrowings reduce amounts otherwise available under the Credit Facilities.

On March 8, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $650 million with a fixed interest rate 5.50%, and $650 million with a fixed interest rate of 5.85%, with maturity dates of March 8, 2033 and

March 8, 2053, respectively. The Operating Partnership used a portion of the net proceeds of the offering to fund the optional redemption of its $500 million floating rate notes due January 2024 on March 13, 2023.

On January 10, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed interest rate swap agreements with a combined notional value at €750.0 million to swap the interest rate of the Euro denominated borrowings outstanding under the Supplemental Facility to an all-in fixed rate of 3.81%. These interest rate swaps mature on January 17, 2024.

On November 16, 2022, the Operating Partnership drew €750.0 million ($779.0 million U.S. dollar equivalent as of the issuance date) under the Supplemental facility and used the proceeds on November 17, 2022, to repay €750.0 million ($777.1 million U.S. dollar equivalent as of the payoff date) of senior unsecured notes at maturity.

On January 11, 2022, the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $500 million with a floating interest rate of SOFR plus 43 basis points, and $700 million with a fixed interest rate of 2.650%, with maturity dates of January 11, 2024 and February 1, 2032, respectively. The proceeds were used to repay $1.05 billion outstanding under the Supplemental Facility on January 12, 2022.

Mortgage Debt

Total mortgage indebtedness was $5.3 billion and $5.5 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Covenants

Our unsecured debt agreements contain financial covenants and other non-financial covenants. The Credit Facilities contain ongoing covenants relating to total and secured leverage to capitalization value, minimum earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, or EBITDA, and unencumbered EBITDA coverage requirements.  Payment under the Credit Facilities can be accelerated if the Operating Partnership or Simon is subject to bankruptcy proceedings or upon the occurrence of certain other events. If we were to fail to comply with these covenants, after the expiration of the applicable cure periods, the debt maturity could be accelerated or other remedies could be sought by the lender, including adjustments to the applicable interest rate. As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants of our unsecured debt.

At March 31, 2023, our consolidated subsidiaries were the borrowers under 38 non-recourse mortgage notes secured by mortgages on 41 properties and other assets, including two separate pools of cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized mortgages encumbering a total of five properties. Under these cross-default provisions, a default under any mortgage included in the cross-defaulted pool may constitute a default under all mortgages within that pool and may lead to acceleration of the indebtedness due on each property within the pool. Certain of our secured debt instruments contain financial and other non-financial covenants which are specific to the properties that serve as collateral for that debt. If the applicable borrower under these non-recourse mortgage notes were to fail to comply with these covenants, the lender could accelerate the debt and enforce its rights against their collateral. At March 31, 2023, the applicable borrowers under these non-recourse mortgage notes were in compliance with all covenants where non-compliance could individually or in the aggregate, giving effect to applicable cross-default provisions, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Fair Value of Debt

The carrying value of our variable-rate mortgages and other loans approximates their fair values. We estimate the fair values of consolidated fixed rate mortgages using cash flows discounted at current borrowing rates and other indebtedness using cash flows discounted at current market rates. We estimate the fair values of consolidated fixed rate unsecured notes using quoted market prices, or, if no quoted market prices are available, we use quoted market prices for securities with similar terms and maturities. The book value of our consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness including commercial paper was

$25.0 billion and $22.6 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair values of these financial instruments and the related discount rate assumptions as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2023			2022
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness (in millions)	$	22,669		$	20,020
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for fixed rate mortgages		5.94	%		6.10	%
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for unsecured indebtedness		5.87	%		5.87	%

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Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity

Equity

8. Equity

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership redeemed 22,442 units from four limited partners for $2.9 million. These transactions increased Simon’s ownership interest in the Operating Partnership.

On May 9, 2022, Simon's Board of Directors authorized a common stock repurchase plan.  Under the plan, Simon may repurchase up to $2.0 billion of its common stock during the two-year period commencing on May 16, 2022 and ending on May 16, 2024 in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions as market conditions warrant.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, Simon purchased 1,830,022 shares at an average price of $98.57 per share.  As Simon repurchases shares under these programs, the Operating Partnership repurchases an equal number of units from Simon.

We paid a common stock dividend of $1.80 per share for the first quarter of 2023.  We paid common stock dividends of $1.65 per share for the first quarter of 2022.  The Operating Partnership paid distributions per unit for the same amounts.  On May 2, 2023, Simon’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the second quarter of 2023 of $1.85 per share, payable on June 30, 2023 to shareholders of record on June 9, 2023.  The distribution rate on units is equal to the dividend rate on common stock.

Temporary Equity

Simon

Simon classifies as temporary equity those securities for which there is the possibility that Simon could be required to redeem the security for cash irrespective of the probability of such a possibility. As a result, Simon classifies one series of preferred units in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in temporary equity.  Each of these securities is discussed further below.

Limited Partners’ Preferred Interest in the Operating Partnership and Noncontrolling Redeemable Interests in Properties.  The redemption features of the preferred units in the Operating Partnership contain provisions which could require the Operating Partnership to settle the redemption in cash. As a result, this series of preferred units in the Operating Partnership remains classified outside permanent equity.  The remaining interests in a property or portfolio of properties which are redeemable at the option of the holder or in circumstances that may be outside Simon’s control are accounted for as temporary equity. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest is adjusted to the redemption amount assuming the instrument is redeemable at the balance sheet date.  Changes in the redemption value of the underlying noncontrolling interest are recorded within accumulated deficit in the consolidated statements of equity in issuance of unit equivalents and other.  There were no noncontrolling interests

redeemable at amounts in excess of fair value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.  The following table summarizes the preferred units in the Operating Partnership and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties as follows:

	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests		198,882		186,702
Limited partners’ preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	224,419	$	212,239

The Operating Partnership

The Operating Partnership classifies as temporary equity those securities for which there is the possibility that the Operating Partnership could be required to redeem the security for cash, irrespective of the probability of such a possibility.  As a result, the Operating Partnership classifies one series of preferred units and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in temporary equity.  The following table summarizes the preferred units and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties as follows:

	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests		198,882		186,702
Total preferred units, at liquidation value, and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	224,419	$	212,239

Stock-Based Compensation

Our long-term incentive compensation awards under our stock-based compensation plans primarily take the form of LTIP units, restricted stock units, and restricted stock.  The substantial majority of these awards are market condition or performance-based, and are based on various market, corporate and business unit performance measures as further described below. The expense related to these programs, net of amounts capitalized, is included within home and regional office costs and general and administrative costs in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive income.  LTIP units are a form of limited partnership interest issued by the Operating Partnership, which are subject to the participant maintaining employment with us through certain dates and other conditions as described in the applicable award agreements. Awarded LTIP units not earned in accordance with the conditions set forth in the applicable award agreements are forfeited. Earned and fully vested LTIP units are equivalent to units of the Operating Partnership. Participants are entitled to receive distributions on the awarded LTIP units, as defined, equal to 10% of the regular quarterly distributions paid on a unit of the Operating Partnership. As a result, we account for these LTIP units as participating securities under the two class method of computing earnings per share. These are granted under The Simon Property Group, L.P. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan.

The grant date fair values of any LTIP units that are market-based awards are estimated using a Monte Carlo model, and the resulting fixed expense is recorded regardless of whether the market condition criteria are achieved if the participant performs the required service period. The grant date fair values of the market-based awards are being amortized into expense over the performance period, which is the grant date through the date at which the awards, if earned, become vested.  The expense of the performance-based award is recorded over the performance period, which is the grant date through the date at which the awards, if earned, become vested, based on our assessment as to whether it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved during the applicable performance periods.  The grant date fair values of any restricted stock unit awards are recognized as expense over the vesting period.

2019 LTIP Program.  In 2019, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under the 2019 LTIP Program.  Awards under the 2019 LTIP Program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based upon Funds From Operations, or FFO, per share, and Objective Criteria Goals) and market condition (based on Relative TSR performance), as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period.  All of the earned LTIP units under the 2019 LTIP Program vested on January 1, 2023.  The 2019 LTIP Program provides that the amount earned of the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on Simon’s performance compared to certain criteria and in March 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee determined 72,442 performance based LTIP units under this program were earned.

2020 LTI Program.  In 2020, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under the 2020 LTI Program, which consisted of a one-time grant of 312,263 time-based restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $84.37 per share.  One-third of these awards vested on each of January 1, 2022 and 2023, and the remaining awards will vest ratably on January 1, 2024.  The grant date fair value of the awards of $26.3 million is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.

2021 LTI Program.  In 2021, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under  the 2021 LTI Program.  Awards under the 2021 LTI Program took the form of LTIP units and restricted stock units.  Awards of LTIP units under this program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based on FFO and Objective Criteria Goals) and market conditions (based on Absolute TSR performance), as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period.  Any units determined to be earned LTIP units under the 2021 LTI Program will vest on January 1, 2025.  The 2021 LTI Program provides that the amount earned related to the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s determination that Simon’s FFO performance and achievement of certain objective criteria goals and has a maximum potential fair value at grant date of $18.4 million.  As part of the 2021 LTI Program, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee also established a grant of 37,976 time-based restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $112.92 per share.  These awards will vest, subject to the grantee's continued service, on March 1, 2024.  The $4.3 million grant date fair value of these awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.  

2022 LTI Program.  In the first quarter of 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under a 2022 Long-Term Incentive Program, or 2022 LTI Program.  Awards under the 2022 LTI Program, took the form of LTIP units and restricted stock units.  Awards of LTIP units under this program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based on FFO and Objective Criteria Goals), subject to adjustment based upon a TSR modifier, with respect to the FFO performance condition, as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period.  Any units determined to be earned LTIP units under the 2022 LTI Program will vest on January 1, 2026.  The 2022 LTI Program provides that the amount earned related to the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s determination that Simon’s FFO performance and achievement of certain objective criteria goals and has a maximum potential fair value at grant date of $20.6 million.  As part of the 2022 LTI Program, on March 11, 2022 and March 18, 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee also established grants of 52,673 time-based restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $130.05 and $130.84 per share.  These awards will vest on March 11, 2025 and March 18, 2025.  The $6.9 million grant date fair value of these awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.

2023 LTI Program.  In the first quarter of 2023, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under a 2023 Long-Term Incentive Program, or 2023 LTI Program.  Awards under the 2023 LTI Program, took the form of LTIP units and restricted stock units.  Awards of LTIP units under this program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based on FFO and Objective Criteria Goals), subject to adjustment based upon a TSR modifier, with respect to the FFO performance condition, as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period.  Any units determined to be earned LTIP units under the 2023 LTI Program will vest on January 1, 2027.  The 2023 LTI Program provides that the amount earned related to the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s determination that Simon’s FFO performance and achievement of certain objective criteria goals and has a maximum potential fair value at grant date of $42.5 million.  As part of the 2023 LTI Program, on March 1, 2023, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee also established a grant of 64,852 time-based restricted stock

units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $121.25 per share.  These awards will vest on March 1, 2026.  The $7.9 million grant date fair value of these awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.  

The Compensation and Human Capital Committee approved LTIP unit grants as shown in the table below. The extent to which LTIP units were determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s to have been earned, and the aggregate grant date fair value, are as follows:

LTIP Awards	LTIP Units Earned	Grant Date Fair Value of TSR Award	Grant Date Target Value of Performance-Based Awards
2021 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2024	$5.7 million	$12.2 million
2022 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2025	—	$13.7 million
2023 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2026	—	$23.6 million

We recorded compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to the aforementioned LTIP and LTI programs of approximately $6.3 million and $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Restricted Stock.  The Compensation and Human Capital Committee awarded 218,456 shares of restricted stock to employees on April 1, 2023 at a grant date fair market value of $111.97 per share related to 2022 compensation plan.  On March 28, 2023, a non-employee Director was awarded 165 shares of restricted stock at a grant date fair market value of $103.30 per share.  These shares represent a portion of the compensation we pay our non-employee Directors, and all of the shares have been placed in a non-employee Director deferred compensation account maintained by us.  The grant date fair value of the employee restricted stock awards is being recognized over the three-year vesting period.  The grant date fair value of the non-employee Director restricted stock awards is being recognized as expense over the one-year vesting service period. In accordance with the Operating Partnership's partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership issued an equal number of units to Simon that are subject to the same vesting conditions as the restricted stock.  

We recorded compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to restricted stock of approximately $3.4 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.    

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Lease Income

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Lease Income

Lease Income

9. Lease Income

Fixed lease income under our operating leases includes fixed minimum lease consideration and fixed CAM reimbursements recorded on a straight-line basis. Variable lease income includes consideration based on sales, as well as reimbursements for real estate taxes, utilities, marketing, and certain other items including negative variable lease income as discussed below.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Fixed lease income	$	1,013,164	$	959,630
Variable lease income		235,021		248,237
Total lease income	$	1,248,185	$	1,207,867

Tenant receivables and accrued revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes straight-line receivables of $539.5 million and $546.5 million on March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

In connection with rent deferrals or other accruals of unpaid rent payments, if we determine that rent payments are probable of collection, we will continue to recognize lease income on a straight-line basis over the lease term along with associated tenant receivables. However, if we determine that such deferred rent payments or other accrued but unpaid rent payments are not probable of collection, lease income will be recorded on the cash basis, with the corresponding tenant receivable and deferred rent receivable balances charged as a direct write-off against lease income in the period of the change in our collectability determination.  Additionally, our assessment of collectability incorporates information regarding a tenant’s financial condition that is obtained from available financial data, the expected outcome of contractual disputes and other matters, and our communications and negotiations with the tenant.

When a tenant seeks to reorganize its operations through bankruptcy proceedings, we assess the collectability of receivable balances. Our ongoing assessment incorporates, among other things, the timing of a tenant’s bankruptcy filing and our expectations of the assumptions by the tenant in bankruptcy proceedings of leases at the Company’s properties on substantially similar terms.  

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

We are involved from time-to-time in various legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, environmental matters, and litigation in connection with transactions such as acquisitions and divestitures. We believe that current proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations. We record a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

Lease Commitments

As of March 31, 2023, we are subject to ground leases that cover all or a portion of 23 of our consolidated properties with termination dates extending through 2090, including periods for which exercising an extension option is reasonably assured.  These ground leases generally require us to make fixed annual rental payments, or a fixed annual rental payment plus a percentage rent component based upon the revenues or total sales of the property.  In addition, we have several regional office locations that are subject to leases with termination dates ranging from 2023 to 2025.  These office leases generally require us to make fixed annual rental payments plus pay our share of common area, real estate taxes, and utility expenses.  Some of our ground and office leases include escalation clauses.  All of our lease arrangements are classified as operating leases.  We incurred ground lease expense and office lease expense, which are included in other expense and home office and regional expense, respectively, as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating Lease Cost
Fixed lease cost	$	8,123	$	8,095
Variable lease cost		4,986		4,269
Total operating lease cost	$	13,109	$	12,364

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	13,090	$	12,339
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		32.5 years		33.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		4.88%		4.87%

Minimum lease payments due under these leases for years ending December 31, excluding applicable extension options and renewal options unless reasonably certain of exercise and any sublease income, are as follows:

2023	$	33,264
2024		30,850
2025		30,861
2026		30,875
2027		30,904
Thereafter		835,263
	$	992,017
Impact of discounting		(496,444)
Operating lease liabilities	$	495,573

Guarantees of Indebtedness

Joint venture debt is the liability of the joint venture and is typically secured by the joint venture property, which is non-recourse to us. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Operating Partnership guaranteed joint venture related mortgage indebtedness of $132.0 million and $128.0 million, respectively.  Mortgages guaranteed by the Operating Partnership are secured by the property of the joint venture which could be sold in order to satisfy the outstanding obligation and which has an estimated fair value in excess of the guaranteed amount.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Our U.S. Malls, Premium Outlets, and The Mills rely upon anchor tenants to attract customers; however, anchors do not contribute materially to our financial results as many anchors own their spaces. All material operations are within the United States and no customer or tenant accounts for 5% or more of our consolidated revenues.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents generally consist of commercial paper, bankers’ acceptances, Eurodollars, repurchase agreements, and money market deposits or securities. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk include our cash and cash equivalents and our trade accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with institutions of high credit quality. However, at certain times, such cash and cash equivalents are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Securities Investor Protection Corporation insurance limits.

Equity Instruments and Debt Securities

Equity Instruments and Debt Securities

Equity instruments and debt securities consist primarily of equity instruments, our deferred compensation plan investments, the debt securities of our captive insurance subsidiary, and certain investments held to fund the debt service requirements of debt previously secured by investment properties. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had equity instruments with readily determinable fair values of $94.1 million and $73.0 million, respectively. Changes in the fair value of these equity instruments are recorded in unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had equity instruments without readily determinable fair values of $237.2 million and $236.2 million, respectively, for which we have elected the measurement alternative.  We regularly evaluate these investments for any impairment in their estimated fair value, as well as any observable price changes for an identical or similar equity instrument of the same issuer, and determined that no material adjustment in the carrying value was required for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Our deferred compensation plan equity instruments are valued based upon quoted market prices. The investments have a matching liability as the amounts are fully payable to the employees that earned the compensation. Changes in value of these securities and changes to the matching liability to employees are both recognized in earnings and, as a result, there is no impact to consolidated net income.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we held debt securities of $51.5 million and $52.3 million, respectively, in our captive insurance subsidiary. The types of securities included in the investment portfolio of our captive insurance subsidiary are typically U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government securities as well as corporate debt securities with maturities ranging from less than one year to ten years. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and are valued based upon quoted market prices or other observable inputs when quoted market prices are not available. The amortized cost of debt securities, which approximates fair value, held by our captive insurance subsidiary is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Changes in the values of these securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the gain or loss is realized or until any unrealized loss is deemed to be other-than-temporary. We review any declines in value of these securities for other-than-temporary impairment and consider the severity and duration of any decline in value. To the extent an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred, an impairment is recorded and a new cost basis is established.

Our captive insurance subsidiary is required to maintain statutory minimum capital and surplus as well as maintain a minimum liquidity ratio. Therefore, our access to these securities may be limited.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1 fair value inputs are quoted prices for identical items in active, liquid and visible markets such as stock exchanges.  Level 2 fair value inputs are observable information for similar items in active or inactive markets, and appropriately consider

counterparty creditworthiness in the valuations.  Level 3 fair value inputs reflect our best estimate of inputs and assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability at the measurement date.  The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation estimate.  We have no investments for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs.

The equity instruments with readily determinable fair values we held at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were primarily classified as having Level 1 fair value inputs. In addition, we had derivative instruments which were classified as having Level 2 inputs, which consist primarily of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swap and cap agreements with an asset balance of $16.2 million at March 31, 2023 and $15.8 million at December 31, 2022, and a liability balance of $8.4 million and $8.6 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 7 includes a discussion of the fair value of debt measured using Level 2 inputs.  Level 3 inputs to our purchase accounting and impairment analyses include our estimations of net operating results of the property, capitalization rates and discount rates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling Interests

Simon

Details of the carrying amount of our noncontrolling interests are as follows:

	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership	$	428,295	$	448,076
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		21,064		25,052
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$	449,359	$	473,128

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties, limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership and preferred distributions payable by the Operating Partnership on its outstanding preferred units) is a component of consolidated net income. In addition, the individual components of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the aggregate for both controlling and noncontrolling interests, with the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests deducted from comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders.

The Operating Partnership

Our evaluation of the appropriateness of classifying the Operating Partnership’s common units of partnership interest, or units, held by Simon and the Operating Partnership's limited partners within permanent equity considered several significant factors. First, as a limited partnership, all decisions relating to the Operating Partnership’s operations and distributions are made by Simon, acting as the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner. The decisions of the general partner are made by Simon's Board of Directors or management. The Operating Partnership has no other governance structure. Secondly, the sole asset of Simon is its interest in the Operating Partnership. As a result, a share of common stock of Simon, or common stock, if owned by the Operating Partnership, is best characterized as being similar to a treasury share and thus not an asset of the Operating Partnership.

Limited partners of the Operating Partnership have the right under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement to exchange their units for shares of common stock or cash, as selected by Simon as the sole general partner. Accordingly, we classify units held by limited partners in permanent equity because Simon may elect to issue shares of common stock to limited partners exercising their exchange rights rather than using cash. Under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to redeem units held by Simon only when Simon has repurchased shares of common stock. We classify units held by Simon in permanent equity because the decision to redeem those units would be made by Simon.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties) is a component of consolidated net income.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Simon

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to Simon’s currency translation adjustment was ($200.2) million and ($199.5) million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
					Affected line item where
	2023		2022		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative gains, net	$	501	$	387	Interest expense
		(63)		(49)	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
	$	438	$	338

The Operating Partnership

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the Operating Partnership’s currency translation adjustment was ($229.1) million and ($228.3) million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
					Affected line item where
	2023		2022		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative gains, net	$	501	$	387	Interest expense

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

We record all derivatives on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have designated a derivative as a hedge and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. We may use a variety of derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to selectively manage or hedge a portion of the risks associated with our indebtedness and interest payments. Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps and caps. We require that hedging derivative instruments be highly effective in reducing the risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. We formally designate any instrument that meets these hedging criteria as a hedge at the inception of the derivative contract. We have no credit-risk-related hedging or derivative activities.

As of March 31, 2023, we had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives related to managing our interest rate risk:

	Number of	Notional
Interest Rate Derivative	Instruments	Amount
Interest Rate Swaps	3	$	500.0 Million
Interest Rate Swaps	3	€	878.0 million
Interest Rate Caps	3	€	119.7 million

As of December 31, 2022, we had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives related to managing our interest rate risk:

	Number of	Notional
Interest Rate Derivative	Instruments	Amount
Interest Rate Swaps	1	€	128.0 million
Interest Rate Caps	5	€	319.0 million

The carrying value of our interest rate swap and cap agreements, at fair value, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was an asset balance of $14.3 million and $13.1 million, respectively, and is included in deferred costs and other assets.

We may enter into treasury lock agreements as part of an anticipated debt issuance. Upon completion of the debt issuance, the fair value of these instruments that had been recorded as part of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt agreement.

The unamortized gain on our treasury locks and terminated hedges recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was $22.2 million as of March 31, 2023, compared to an unamortized gain of $10.9 million as of December 31, 2022. Within the next 12 months, we expect to reclassify to earnings approximately $1.1 million of gains related to terminated interest rate swaps from the current balance held in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

We are also exposed to foreign currency risk on financings of certain foreign operations. Our intent is to offset gains and losses that occur on the underlying exposures, with gains and losses on the derivative contracts hedging these exposures. We do not enter into either interest rate protection or foreign currency rate protection agreements for speculative purposes.

We are also exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on financial instruments which are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily in Yen and Euro. We use currency forward contracts, cross currency swap contracts and foreign currency denominated debt to manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates on certain Yen and Euro-denominated receivables and net investments. Currency forward contracts involve fixing the Yen:USD or Euro:USD exchange rate for delivery of a specified amount of foreign currency on a specified date. The currency forward contracts are typically cash settled in U.S. dollars for their fair value at or close to their settlement date.

We had the following Euro:USD forward contracts designated as net investment hedges at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

			Asset (Liability) Value as of
			March 31,		December 31,
Notional Value		Maturity Date	2023		2022
€	50.0	January 13, 2023		—		(2.9)
€	15.0	March 15, 2023		—		0.7
€	15.0	March 15, 2023		—		0.7
€	50.0	December 15, 2023		(3.2)		(2.8)
€	30.0	March 15, 2024		1.1		1.3
€	51.0	March 15, 2024		(3.1)		(2.8)
€	45.0	April 12, 2023		(0.5)		(0.2)
€	44.0	September 15, 2023		(0.4)		(0.1)
€	50.0	January 17, 2024		(0.1)		—
€	30.0	September 15, 2023		(0.4)		—
€	30.7	May 2, 2023		0.1		—

Asset balances in the above table are included in deferred costs and other assets. Liability balances in the above table are included in other liabilities.

We have designated certain derivative and nonderivative instruments as net investment hedges. Accordingly, we report the changes in fair value in other comprehensive income (loss). For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded gains (loss) of ($32.4) million and $44.3 million, respectively, in the cumulative translation adjustment section of the other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the value of these forward contracts are offset by changes in the underlying hedged Euro-denominated joint venture investments.

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to Simon’s derivative activities, including our share of other comprehensive income (loss) from unconsolidated entities, was $41.0 million and $36.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the Operating Partnership’s derivative activities, including our share of other comprehensive income (loss) from unconsolidated entities, was $47.0 million and $41.8 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.  

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform,” which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the US GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. Additional optional expedients, exceptions, and clarifications were created in ASU 2021-01. The guidance is effective upon issuance and generally can be applied to any contract modifications or existing and new hedging relationships through December 31, 2024.  We elected the expedients in conjunction with transitioning certain debt instruments, as discussed in note 7, to alternative benchmark indices. There was no impact on our consolidated financial statements at adoption.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of carrying amount of noncontrolling interests

	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership	$	428,295	$	448,076
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		21,064		25,052
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$	449,359	$	473,128

Schedule of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
					Affected line item where
	2023		2022		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative gains, net	$	501	$	387	Interest expense
		(63)		(49)	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
	$	438	$	338

Schedule of Interest Rate Derivatives

	Number of	Notional
Interest Rate Derivative	Instruments	Amount
Interest Rate Swaps	3	$	500.0 Million
Interest Rate Swaps	3	€	878.0 million
Interest Rate Caps	3	€	119.7 million

	Number of	Notional
Interest Rate Derivative	Instruments	Amount
Interest Rate Swaps	1	€	128.0 million
Interest Rate Caps	5	€	319.0 million

Schedule of Euro:USD forward contracts

We had the following Euro:USD forward contracts designated as net investment hedges at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

			Asset (Liability) Value as of
			March 31,		December 31,
Notional Value		Maturity Date	2023		2022
€	50.0	January 13, 2023		—		(2.9)
€	15.0	March 15, 2023		—		0.7
€	15.0	March 15, 2023		—		0.7
€	50.0	December 15, 2023		(3.2)		(2.8)
€	30.0	March 15, 2024		1.1		1.3
€	51.0	March 15, 2024		(3.1)		(2.8)
€	45.0	April 12, 2023		(0.5)		(0.2)
€	44.0	September 15, 2023		(0.4)		(0.1)
€	50.0	January 17, 2024		(0.1)		—
€	30.0	September 15, 2023		(0.4)		—
€	30.7	May 2, 2023		0.1		—

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
					Affected line item where
	2023		2022		net income is presented
Accumulated derivative gains, net	$	501	$	387	Interest expense

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Per Share and Per Unit Data (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Per Share And Per Unit Data

Schedule of computation of basic and diluted earnings per share and basic and diluted earnings per unit

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders — Basic and Diluted	$	451,827	$	426,630
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		326,954,294		328,606,352

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Per Share And Per Unit Data

Schedule of computation of basic and diluted earnings per share and basic and diluted earnings per unit

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Income attributable to Unitholders — Basic and Diluted	$	517,180	$	487,993
Weighted Average Units Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		374,245,604		375,870,183

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Summary of equity method investments and share of income from such investments, balance sheet

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets:
Investment properties, at cost	$	19,281,318	$	19,256,108
Less - accumulated depreciation		8,615,876		8,490,990
		10,665,442		10,765,118
Cash and cash equivalents		1,442,100		1,445,353
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		504,883		546,025
Right-of-use assets, net		138,209		143,526
Deferred costs and other assets		445,744		482,375
Total assets	$	13,196,378	$	13,382,397
Liabilities and Partners’ Deficit:
Mortgages	$	14,544,401	$	14,569,921
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenue		881,365		961,984
Lease liabilities		127,840		133,096
Other liabilities		403,041		446,064
Total liabilities		15,956,647		16,111,065
Preferred units		67,450		67,450
Partners’ deficit		(2,827,719)		(2,796,118)
Total liabilities and partners’ deficit	$	13,196,378	$	13,382,397
Our Share of:
Partners’ deficit	$	(1,234,120)	$	(1,232,086)
Add: Excess Investment		1,212,729		1,219,117
Our net (deficit) Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	$	(21,391)	$	(12,969)

Summary of equity method investments and share of income from such investments, statements of operations

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	735,048	$	717,768
Other income		90,046		112,585
Total revenue		825,094		830,353
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Property operating		154,922		149,515
Depreciation and amortization		164,473		170,562
Real estate taxes		64,004		65,324
Repairs and maintenance		18,774		21,481
Advertising and promotion		20,710		19,318
Other		53,310		48,843
Total operating expenses		476,193		475,043
Operating Income Before Other Items		348,901		355,310
Interest expense		(168,206)		(144,448)
Net Income	$	180,695	$	210,862
Third-Party Investors’ Share of Net Income	$	90,259	$	104,657
Our Share of Net Income		90,436		106,205
Amortization of Excess Investment		(14,921)		(15,139)
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	$	75,515	$	91,066

TRG

Summary of financial information of other platform investments

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	169,728	$	162,609
Operating income before other items		74,778		61,853
Consolidated net income		44,953		38,669
Our share of net income		34,848		30,543
Amortization of excess investment		(47,390)		(49,025)

Other Platform Investments

Summary of financial information of other platform investments

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	2,956,722	$	3,140,858
Operating income before other items		(17,869)		(115,221)
Consolidated net income		(118,966)		(159,412)
Our share of net income (loss)		(37,789)		9,889
Amortization of excess investment		(1,665)		(1,665)

Europe | Klepierre

Summary of financial information of other platform investments

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	322,557	$	293,349
Operating income before other items		105,308		75,895
Consolidated net income		82,719		46,416
Our share of net income		17,858		11,507
Amortization of excess investment		(3,253)		(2,796)

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt

Schedule of fair value of financial instruments and the related discount rate assumptions

	March 31,			December 31,
	2023			2022
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness (in millions)	$	22,669		$	20,020
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for fixed rate mortgages		5.94	%		6.10	%
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for unsecured indebtedness		5.87	%		5.87	%

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Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Schedule of preferred units of the Operating Partnership and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties

	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests		198,882		186,702
Limited partners’ preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	224,419	$	212,239

Schedule of LTIP units earned and aggregate grant date fair values adjusted for estimated forfeitures

LTIP Awards	LTIP Units Earned	Grant Date Fair Value of TSR Award	Grant Date Target Value of Performance-Based Awards
2021 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2024	$5.7 million	$12.2 million
2022 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2025	—	$13.7 million
2023 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2026	—	$23.6 million

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Schedule of preferred units of the Operating Partnership and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties

	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests		198,882		186,702
Total preferred units, at liquidation value, and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	224,419	$	212,239

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Lease Income (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Lease Income

Schedule of lease income

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Fixed lease income	$	1,013,164	$	959,630
Variable lease income		235,021		248,237
Total lease income	$	1,248,185	$	1,207,867

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies.

Schedule of lease cost

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating Lease Cost
Fixed lease cost	$	8,123	$	8,095
Variable lease cost		4,986		4,269
Total operating lease cost	$	13,109	$	12,364

Schedule of other lease information

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	13,090	$	12,339
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		32.5 years		33.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		4.88%		4.87%

Schedule of future minimum lease payments due

2023	$	33,264
2024		30,850
2025		30,861
2026		30,875
2027		30,904
Thereafter		835,263
	$	992,017
Impact of discounting		(496,444)
Operating lease liabilities	$	495,573

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Organization (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023 property country state
TRG
Real Estate Properties
Ownership percentage	80.00%
TRG | TRG
Real Estate Properties
Number of regional, super regional and outlet malls	24
U.S. and Puerto Rico
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	196
Number of U.S. states containing property locations | state	37
U.S. and Puerto Rico | Malls
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	93
U.S. and Puerto Rico | Premium Outlets
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	69
U.S. and Puerto Rico | The Mills
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	14
U.S. and Puerto Rico | Community/Lifestyle Centers
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	6
U.S. and Puerto Rico | Other shopping centers or outlet centers
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	14
Asia, Europe and Canada | Premium and Designer Outlets
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties | state	34
Europe | Klepierre
Real Estate Properties
Ownership percentage	22.40%
Number of countries | country	14

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Basis of Presentation (Details) - property	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Real Estate Properties
Total number of joint venture properties	82
Number of joint venture properties managed by the entity	51
Number of International joint venture properties	24
Number of joint venture properties managed by others	31
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Ownership interest:
Ownership interest in the Operating Partnership (as a percent)	87.40%		87.40%
Simon Property Group, L.P. | Weighted average
Ownership interest:
Ownership interest in the Operating Partnership (as a percent)	87.40%	87.40%
Wholly owned properties
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	130
Partially owned properties
Real Estate Properties
Number of properties	18

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Significant Accounting Policies - Equity Instruments and Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity Instruments and Investments
Equity instruments with readily determinable fair value	$ 94.1	$ 73.0
Equity instruments without readily determinable fair values	237.2	236.2
Debt securities of our captive insurance companies	$ 51.5	$ 52.3
Debt Securities | Securities in captive insurance subsidiary portfolio | Maximum
Equity Instruments and Investments
Short-term investment maturity period	1 year
Investment maturity period	10 years

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Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value Measurements (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurements
Number of investments for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs | item	0
Level 2 | Recurring
Fair Value Measurements
Interest rate swap agreements and foreign currency forward contracts, gross asset balance	$ 16.2	$ 15.8
Interest rate swap agreements and foreign currency forward contracts, gross liability balance	$ 8.4	$ 8.6

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Significant Accounting Policies - Noncontrolling Interests, Simon Property Group, Inc. (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Significant Accounting Policies
Limited partners' interests in the Operating Partnership	$ 428,295	$ 448,076
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net	21,064	25,052
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$ 449,359	$ 473,128

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Significant Accounting Policies - Reclassification Out of AOCI, Simon Property Group, Inc. (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Significant Accounting Policies
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (200,200)		$ (199,500)
Interest expense	(199,429)	$ (185,159)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(66,594)	(60,846)
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS	451,827	426,630
Accumulated derivative losses, net, including noncontrolling interests | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Significant Accounting Policies
Interest expense	501	387
Accumulated derivative losses, attributable to noncontrolling interests | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Significant Accounting Policies
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(63)	(49)
Accumulated derivative gains (losses), net | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Significant Accounting Policies
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS	$ 438	$ 338

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Significant Accounting Policies - Reclassification Out Of AOCI, Simon Property Group, L.P. (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Significant Accounting Policies
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (200,200)		$ (199,500)
Interest expense	(199,429)	$ (185,159)
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Significant Accounting Policies
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(229,100)		$ (228,300)
Interest expense	(199,429)	(185,159)
Accumulated derivative gains (losses), net | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Significant Accounting Policies
Interest expense	$ 501	$ 387

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Significant Accounting Policies - Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) DerivativeInstrument	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 EUR (€) DerivativeInstrument	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) DerivativeInstrument	Dec. 31, 2022 EUR (€) DerivativeInstrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Number of credit-risk-related hedging or derivative activities | DerivativeInstrument	0		0
Unamortized gain on treasury locks and terminated hedges	$ 22.2			$ 10.9
Amount expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings within the next year	1.1
Gross accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivative activities	41.0			36.5
Gains (losses) of cumulative translation adjustment	(32.4)	$ 44.3
Interest rate swap | Deferred costs and other assets
Derivative Financial Instruments
Interest rate derivative liabilities, fair value	14.3			13.1
USD-Euro currency forward contract | January 13, 2023 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €					€ 50.0
Forward contract net, fair value				(2.9)
USD-Euro currency forward contract | March 15, 2023 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €					15.0
Forward contract net, fair value				0.7
USD-Euro currency forward contract | March 15, 2023. | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €					15.0
Forward contract net, fair value				0.7
USD-Euro currency forward contract | December 15, 2023 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €			€ 50.0		50.0
Forward contract net, fair value	(3.2)			(2.8)
USD-Euro currency forward contract | March 15, 2024 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €			30.0		30.0
Forward contract net, fair value	1.1			1.3
USD-Euro currency forward contract | March 15, 2024. | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €			51.0		51.0
Forward contract net, fair value	(3.1)			(2.8)
USD-Euro currency forward contract | April 12, 2023 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €			45.0		45.0
Forward contract net, fair value	(0.5)			(0.2)
USD-Euro currency forward contract | September 15, 2023 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €			44.0		€ 44.0
Forward contract net, fair value	(0.4)			$ (0.1)
USD-Euro currency forward contract | January 17, 2024 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €			50.0
Forward contract net, fair value	(0.1)
USD-Euro currency forward contract | September 15, 2023 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €			30.0
Forward contract net, fair value	(0.4)
USD-Euro currency forward contract | May 2, 2023 | Net Investment Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Financial Instruments
Notional Amount | €			€ 30.7
Forward contract net, fair value	$ 0.1
USD | Interest rate swap
Derivative Financial Instruments
Number of Instruments | DerivativeInstrument	3		3
Notional Amount	$ 500.0
Euro | Interest rate swap
Derivative Financial Instruments
Number of Instruments | DerivativeInstrument	3		3	1	1
Notional Amount | €			€ 878.0		€ 128.0
Euro | Interest rate cap
Derivative Financial Instruments
Number of Instruments | DerivativeInstrument	3		3	5	5
Notional Amount | €			€ 119.7		€ 319.0
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Derivative Financial Instruments
Gross accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivative activities	$ 47.0			$ 41.8

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Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 17, 2022 USD ($) property
Gloucester Premium Outlets
Acquisitions
Cash purchase price for acquisition	$ 14.0
Gloucester Premium Outlets | Mortgage bearing 3.29% Interest
Acquisitions
Variable mortgage loan	$ 85.7
Variable rate of interest	3.29%
Consolidated properties | Retail properties | Disposed by Sales
Dispositions
Number of properties disposed of during the period | property	1
Proceeds from sale and disposal	$ 59.0
Loss on disposition of interest in properties	$ 15.6

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Per Share and Per Unit Data (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Per Share And Per Unit Data
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders - Basic	$ 451,827	$ 426,630
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders - Diluted	$ 451,827	$ 426,630
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Basic	326,954,294	328,606,352
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Diluted	326,954,294	328,606,352
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Per Share And Per Unit Data
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders - Basic	$ 517,180	$ 487,993
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders - Diluted	$ 517,180	$ 487,993
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Basic	374,245,604	375,870,183
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding - Diluted	374,245,604	375,870,183

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - Real Estate Joint Ventures and Investments (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) property	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) property
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Total number of joint venture properties | property		82
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	$ 24,960,286	$ 25,569,968
Unconsolidated properties | Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Means Other than Sale [Member] | Retail properties
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Number of properties disposed of during the period | property	2
Gain on interest in unconsolidated entities	$ 19,900
Unconsolidated properties | Non-recourse $99.6M Mortgage | Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Means Other than Sale [Member] | Retail properties
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	99,600
Unconsolidated properties | Non-recourse $83.1M Mortgage | Discontinued Operations, Disposed of by Means Other than Sale [Member] | Retail properties
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	83,100
Construction and other related party loans
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Loans to related party	$ 112,000	$ 109,400

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - Unconsolidated Property Transactions (Details) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
	Dec. 19, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 20, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) property	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Payments for acquisitions			$ 27,712
Total assets			33,297,796	$ 33,011,274
Total liabilities			29,620,505	29,187,383
Noncontrolling interests			449,359	473,128
Total revenue			1,350,849		$ 1,295,922
Operating income before other items			662,723		620,391
Consolidated net income			519,255		488,310
TRG
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Total revenue			169,728		162,609
Operating income before other items			74,778		61,853
Consolidated net income			44,953		38,669
Our share of net income (loss)			34,848		30,543
Amortization of Excess Investment			(47,390)		(49,025)
Other Platform Investments
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Total revenue			2,956,722		3,140,858
Operating income before other items			(17,869)		(115,221)
Consolidated net income			(118,966)		(159,412)
Our share of net income (loss)			(37,789)		9,889
Amortization of Excess Investment			(1,665)		(1,665)
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Payments for acquisitions			27,712
Total assets			33,297,796	33,011,274
Total liabilities			29,620,505	29,187,383
Total revenue			1,350,849		1,295,922
Operating income before other items			662,723		620,391
Consolidated net income			$ 519,255		$ 488,310
Jamestown
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)	50.00%
Payments for acquisitions	$ 173,400
TRG
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)			80.00%
Aggregate investment in ventures			$ 3,062,030	3,074,345
TRG | Series A Cumulative Preferred Shares
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Preferred stock stated dividend rate (as a percent)			6.38%
Issuance of preferred units			$ 362,500
TRG | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Aggregate investment in ventures			$ 3,062,030	3,074,345
TRG | TRG
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Number of regional, super regional and outlet malls | property			24
JC Penney [Member]
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)			41.67%
SPARC Group
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)			50.00%
ABG
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)			12.30%
Payments for acquisitions		$ 100,000
Aggregate investment in ventures				98,800		$ 102,700
Gain (Loss) on Exchange of Equity Interests				159,000		159,800
Deferred Taxes				$ 39,700		$ 47,900
Pre-tax gain		18,800
Tax expense		$ 8,000
RGG
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)			45.00%

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - European Investments (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) property $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) property
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Total revenue	$ 1,350,849	$ 1,295,922
Operating income before other items	662,723	620,391
Consolidated Net Income	519,255	488,310
Klepierre
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Investment, in equity	$ 1,541,743		$ 1,561,112
European Joint Venture | Designer Outlet properties
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Number of properties | property	11		11
European Joint Venture | Designer Outlet properties | Minimum
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)	23.00%
European Joint Venture | Designer Outlet properties | Maximum
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)	94.00%
European Property Management and Development | Designer Outlet properties
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership interest (as a percent)	50.00%
Europe | Klepierre
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Total revenue	$ 322,557	293,349
Operating income before other items	105,308	75,895
Consolidated Net Income	82,719	46,416
Our Share of Net Income	17,858	11,507
Amortization of Excess Investment	$ (3,253)	$ (2,796)
Europe | Designer Outlet properties
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Number of properties consolidated by entity | property	7
Europe | Klepierre
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Shares owned | shares	63,924,148
Ownership interest (as a percent)	22.40%
Quoted market price per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 22.68
Europe | Value Retail PLC
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Number of luxury outlets owned and operated | property	9
Number of outlets in which the entity has a minority direct ownership | property	3
Europe | Value Retail PLC | Deferred costs and other assets
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Value of equity instruments	$ 140,800		$ 140,800

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - Asian Joint Ventures (Details) - Premium Outlets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Japan | Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd.
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership percentage	40.00%	40.00%
Our net (deficit) Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	$ 217.5	$ 206.3
South Korea | Shinsegae International Co
Investment in Unconsolidated Entities
Ownership percentage	50.00%	50.00%
Our net (deficit) Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	$ 204.0	$ 199.5

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - Combined Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	$ 38,505,497	$ 38,326,912
Less - accumulated depreciation	16,823,305	16,563,749
Investment properties, at cost, net	21,682,192	21,763,163
Cash and cash equivalents	1,155,423	621,628
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	779,702	823,540
Right-of-use assets, net	494,591	496,930
Deferred costs and other assets	1,141,583	1,159,293
Total assets	33,297,796	33,011,274
Liabilities and Partners' Deficit:
Mortgages	25,569,968	24,960,286
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues	1,351,870	1,491,583
Lease liabilities	495,573	497,953
Other liabilities	497,210	535,736
Total liabilities	29,620,505	29,187,383
Preferred units	224,419	212,239
Total liabilities and equity	33,297,796	33,011,274
Unconsolidated properties | Equity Method Investees excluding Jamestown, Klepierre, TRG and other platform investments
Our Share of:
Partners' deficit	(1,234,120)	(1,232,086)
Add: Excess Investment	1,212,729	1,219,117
Our net (deficit) Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	(21,391)	(12,969)
Unconsolidated properties | Equity Method Investees excluding Jamestown, Klepierre, TRG and other platform investments
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	19,281,318	19,256,108
Less - accumulated depreciation	8,615,876	8,490,990
Investment properties, at cost, net	10,665,442	10,765,118
Cash and cash equivalents	1,442,100	1,445,353
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net	504,883	546,025
Right-of-use assets, net	138,209	143,526
Deferred costs and other assets	445,744	482,375
Total assets	13,196,378	13,382,397
Liabilities and Partners' Deficit:
Mortgages	14,544,401	14,569,921
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues	881,365	961,984
Lease liabilities	127,840	133,096
Other liabilities	403,041	446,064
Total liabilities	15,956,647	16,111,065
Preferred units	67,450	67,450
Partners' deficit	(2,827,719)	(2,796,118)
Total liabilities and equity	$ 13,196,378	$ 13,382,397
Unconsolidated properties | Maximum
Our Share of:
Estimated life of investment property	40 years

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments - Combined Statements of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
REVENUE:
Lease income	$ 1,248,185	$ 1,207,867
Other income	73,715	60,468
Total revenue	1,350,849	1,295,922
EXPENSES:
Property operating	111,748	103,664
Depreciation and amortization	307,059	310,163
Real estate taxes	111,159	111,691
Repairs and maintenance	22,174	22,304
Advertising and promotion	24,159	25,263
Other	45,900	42,416
Total operating expenses	688,126	675,531
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS	662,723	620,391
Interest expense	(199,429)	(185,159)
Gain on sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net		1,491
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME	519,255	488,310
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	21,900	81,184
Unconsolidated properties | Equity Method Investees excluding Jamestown, Klepierre, TRG and other platform investments
EXPENSES:
Third-Party Investors' Share of Net Income	90,259	104,657
Our Share of Net Income	90,436	106,205
Amortization of Excess Investment	(14,921)	(15,139)
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	75,515	91,066
Unconsolidated properties | Equity Method Investees excluding Jamestown, Klepierre, TRG and other platform investments
REVENUE:
Lease income	735,048	717,768
Other income	90,046	112,585
Total revenue	825,094	830,353
EXPENSES:
Property operating	154,922	149,515
Depreciation and amortization	164,473	170,562
Real estate taxes	64,004	65,324
Repairs and maintenance	18,774	21,481
Advertising and promotion	20,710	19,318
Other	53,310	48,843
Total operating expenses	476,193	475,043
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS	348,901	355,310
Interest expense	(168,206)	(144,448)
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME	$ 180,695	$ 210,862

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Debt - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands, € in Millions							3 Months Ended
	Nov. 17, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 17, 2022 EUR (€)	Nov. 16, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 16, 2022 EUR (€)	Jan. 12, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 11, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) property item	Mar. 14, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 13, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 08, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 10, 2023 EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt
Long-term debt							$ 25,569,968					$ 24,960,286
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Long-term debt							25,569,968					24,960,286
Secured Debt | Mortgages
Debt
Long-term debt							$ 5,300,000					$ 5,500,000
Debt covenants
Number of non-recourse mortgage notes under which the Company and subsidiaries are borrowers | item							38
Number of properties pledged as collateral | item							41
Number of cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized mortgage pools | item							2
Total number of properties pledged as collateral for cross defaulted and cross collateralized mortgages | property							5
Unsecured Debt | Senior unsecured notes | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Long-term debt							$ 20,400,000
Amount of debt redeemed									$ 500,000
Debt repaid	$ 777,100	€ 750.0
Unsecured Debt | Senior Unsecured Notes Maturing March 2033 | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Debt issued										$ 650,000
Interest rate on debt (as a percent)										5.50%
Unsecured Debt | Senior Unsecured Notes Maturing March 2053 | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Debt issued										$ 650,000
Interest rate on debt (as a percent)										5.85%
Unsecured Debt | Senior Unsecured Notes Maturing February 2032 | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Debt issued						$ 700,000
Interest rate on debt (as a percent)						2.65%
Unsecured Debt | Senior Unsecured Notes Maturing January 2024 | Simon Property Group, L.P. | SOFR
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)						0.43%
Debt issued						$ 500,000
Unsecured Debt | Commercial Paper | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Long-term debt							0
Maximum borrowing capacity							2,000,000
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facilities | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Available borrowing capacity							7,600,000
Maximum amount outstanding during period							940,800
Credit facility, weighted average amount outstanding							940,800
Letters of credit outstanding							9,900
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility and Term Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Maximum borrowing capacity							6,000,000
Additional borrowing capacity							1,000,000
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Credit facility, amount outstanding							125,000
Maximum borrowing capacity							$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000	$ 4,000,000
Additional extension period | item							2
Debt extension period							6 months
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Fed Funds Effective Rate
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							0.50%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Adjusted Term One-Month SOFR
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							1.00%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P. | SOFR
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							0.725%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Minimum | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Facility fee (in percentage)							0.10%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Minimum | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Base Rate
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							0.00%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Minimum | Simon Property Group, L.P. | SOFR
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							0.65%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Maximum | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Percentage of borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar							97.00%
Facility fee (in percentage)							0.30%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Maximum | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Base Rate
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							0.40%
Unsecured Debt | Credit Facility | Maximum | Simon Property Group, L.P. | SOFR
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							1.40%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Amount drawn			$ 779,000	€ 750.0
Credit facility, amount outstanding							$ 815,800
Maximum borrowing capacity							3,500,000
Credit facility, amount repaid					$ 1,050,000
Optional expanded maximum borrowing capacity							$ 4,500,000
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Interest rate swap
Debt
Notional Amount | €											€ 750.0
Fixed exchange rate											3.81%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Fed Funds Effective Rate
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							0.50%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Adjusted Term One-Month SOFR
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							1.00%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Simon Property Group, L.P. | SOFR
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							0.725%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Minimum | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Facility fee (in percentage)							0.10%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Minimum | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Base Rate
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							0.00%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Minimum | Simon Property Group, L.P. | SOFR
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							0.65%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Maximum | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Debt
Percentage of borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar							100.00%
Facility fee (in percentage)							0.30%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Maximum | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Base Rate
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							0.40%
Unsecured Debt | Supplemental Facility | Maximum | Simon Property Group, L.P. | SOFR
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)							1.40%

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Debt - Fair Value (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) item
Fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness | Book value
Fair Value of Debt
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness | $	$ 25,000	$ 22,600
Fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness | Fair value
Fair Value of Debt
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness | $	$ 22,669	$ 20,020
Discount Rate | Weighted average | Fixed rate mortgages
Fair Value of Debt
Debt percentage- measurement input | item	0.0594	0.0610
Discount Rate | Weighted average | Unsecured Debt
Fair Value of Debt
Debt percentage- measurement input | item	0.0587	0.0587

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Equity - Shares or Units Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 02, 2023 $ / shares	May 09, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) item $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Equity
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Cash Paid			$ 1.80	$ 1.65
Redemption of units | shares			22,442	1,000
Common stock authorized for repurchase | $		$ 2,000,000
Period common stock is authorized to repurchase		2 years
Shares repurchased (in shares) | shares					1,830,022
Average share price repurchased (in dollars per share)					$ 98.57
Subsequent Event
Equity
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.85
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Equity
Redemption of units | shares			22,442	1,000
Distributions paid per unit (in dollars per unit)			$ 1.80	$ 1.65
Simon Property Group, L.P. | Subsequent Event
Equity
Distribution declared per unit (in dollars per share)	$ 1.85
Simon Property Group, L.P. | Limited Partners
Equity
Redemption of units | shares			22,442
Number of limited partners whose common stock redeemed | item			4
Value of units redeemed | $			$ 2,900

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Equity - Temporary Equity (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) item shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) item shares
Redeemable preferred stock
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests | $	$ 224,419	$ 212,239
Simon Property Group, L.P.
Redeemable preferred stock
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests | $	$ 224,419	$ 212,239
7.5% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units
Redeemable preferred stock
Number of series of units classified into temporary equity | item	1
Noncontrolling interests redeemable at amounts in excess of fair value | item	0	0
Preferred stock stated dividend rate (as a percent)	7.50%	7.50%
Temporary equity, shares authorized | shares	260,000	260,000
Temporary equity, shares issued | shares	255,373	255,373
Temporary equity, shares outstanding | shares	255,373	255,373
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests | $	$ 25,537	$ 25,537
7.5% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Redeemable preferred stock
Number of series of units classified into temporary equity | item	1	1
Preferred stock stated dividend rate (as a percent)	7.50%	7.50%
Temporary equity, shares authorized | shares	260,000	260,000
Temporary equity, shares issued | shares	255,373	255,373
Temporary equity, shares outstanding | shares	255,373	255,373
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests | $	$ 25,537	$ 25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interest
Redeemable preferred stock
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests | $	198,882	186,702
Other noncontrolling redeemable interest | Simon Property Group, L.P.
Redeemable preferred stock
Limited partners' preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests | $	$ 198,882	$ 186,702

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Equity - Stock Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions						1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2023	Mar. 28, 2023	Mar. 01, 2023	Mar. 18, 2022	Mar. 11, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Restricted stock
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Compensation expense, net of capitalization							$ 3.4	$ 2.4
Restricted stock | Employees
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Vesting service period	3 years
Awards granted (in units)	218,456
Weighted average fair value of shares granted during the year (in dollars per share)	$ 111.97
Restricted stock | Non-employee Director
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Vesting service period		1 year
Awards granted (in units)		165
Weighted average fair value of shares granted during the year (in dollars per share)		$ 103.30
2019 Stock Incentive Plan | Time Based Restricted Stock Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Vesting rights each year beginning 2022 (as a percent)										33.33%
Vesting service period			3 years					3 years	3 years	3 years
Awards granted (in units)			64,852					52,673	37,976	312,263
Grant date fair value			$ 7.9					$ 6.9	$ 4.3	$ 26.3
Weighted average fair value of shares granted during the year (in dollars per share)			$ 121.25	$ 130.84	$ 130.05				$ 112.92	$ 84.37
LTIP programs
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Percent of distributions of Operating Partnership that participants are entitled to receive during performance period							10.00%
Compensation expense, net of capitalization							$ 6.3	$ 5.8
2019 LTIP program | LTIP Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Performance period											3 years
Units earned (in shares)						72,442
2021 LTIP program | LTIP Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Performance period									3 years
Grant date fair value							5.7
Grant date target value							12.2
2021 LTIP program | Time Based Restricted Stock Units | Maximum
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Grant date fair value									$ 18.4
2022 LTIP program | LTIP Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Performance period								3 years
Grant date target value							$ 13.7
2022 LTIP program | LTIP Units | Maximum
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Grant date fair value								$ 20.6
2023 LTIP program | LTIP Units
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Performance period							3 years
Grant date target value							$ 23.6
2023 LTIP program | LTIP Units | Maximum
Stock-based incentive plan awards
Grant date fair value							$ 42.5

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Lease Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Fixed lease income	$ 1,013,164	$ 959,630
Variable lease income	235,021	248,237
Total lease income	1,248,185	$ 1,207,867
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Straight-line receivables	$ 539,500		$ 546,500

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Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) property	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Lease Commitments
Properties subject to ground leases | property	23
Lease Cost
Fixed lease cost	$ 8,123	$ 8,095
Variable lease cost	4,986	4,269
Total operating lease cost	13,109	12,364
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 13,090	$ 12,339
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	32 years 6 months	33 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	4.88%	4.87%
Operating Lease Liabilities
2023	$ 33,264
2024	30,850
2025	30,861
2026	30,875
2027	30,904
Thereafter	835,263
Future minimum gross lease payments	992,017
Impact of discounting	(496,444)
Operating lease liabilities	$ 495,573		$ 497,953

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Commitments and Contingencies - Guarantees of Indebtedness (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Joint Venture Mortgage and Indebtedness
Guarantees of Joint Venture Indebtedness:
Loan guarantee	$ 132.0	$ 128.0

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Commitments and Contingencies - Concentration of Credit Risk (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Consolidated revenues | Concentration of credit risk | Maximum
Concentration of Credit Risk
Percentage of consolidated revenues from a single customer or tenant	5.00%