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RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2014
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

Invigorate Program

During 2012, the Company committed to a course of action related to a multi-year program called Invigorate which is
designed to reduce its cost structure. The Invigorate program is intended to mitigate the impact of continued reimbursement
pressures and labor and benefit cost increases, free up additional resources to invest in science, innovation and other growth
initiatives, and enable the Company to improve operating profitability and quality.
    
The following table provides a summary of the Company's pre-tax restructuring charges associated with its Invigorate program and other restructuring activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013:

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Employee separation costs
$
6

 
$
8

 
$
14

 
$
42

Facility-related costs
3

 
1

 
4

 
1

Asset impairment charges
1

 

 
1

 

Accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation

 

 

 
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total restructuring charges
$
10

 
$
9

 
$
19

 
$
44



Total restructuring charges incurred for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 are primarily associated with
various workforce reduction initiatives as the Company continues to simplify and restructure its organization. Of the total $10 million in restructuring charges incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2014, $4 million and $6 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively. Of the total $19 million in restructuring charges incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2014, $12 million and $7 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.

Total restructuring charges incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2013 included $8 million of employee separation costs primarily associated with various workforce reduction initiatives. Of the total $9 million in restructuring charges incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2013, $4 million and $5 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively. Total restructuring charges incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2013 included $19 million of employee separation costs primarily associated with the Company's management layer reduction initiative and $4 million under the Company's voluntary retirement program. The remaining restructuring costs incurred for the six months ended June 30, 2013 were associated with other workforce reduction initiatives. Of the total $44 million in restructuring charges incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2013, $17 million and $27 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.

Charges for both periods presented were primarily recorded in the Company's DIS business.

The following table summarizes activity in the restructuring liability as of June 30, 2014:
 
Employee Separation Costs
 
Facility-Related Costs
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2013
$
31

 
$
5

 
$
36

Current period charges
14

 
4

 
18

Less:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash payments
(24
)
 
(2
)
 
(26
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, June 30, 2014
$
21

 
$
7

 
$
28