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RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2014
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

Invigorate Program

During 2012, the Company committed to a course of action related to a multi-year program called Invigorate which is
designed to reduce its cost structure. The Invigorate program is intended to mitigate the impact of continued reimbursement
pressures and labor and benefit cost increases, free up additional resources to invest in science, innovation and other growth
initiatives, and enable the Company to improve operating profitability and quality.
    
The following table provides a summary of the Company's pre-tax restructuring charges associated with its Invigorate program and other restructuring activities for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2014
 
2013
Employee separation costs
$
8

 
$
34

Facility-related costs
1

 

Accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation

 
1

 
 
 
 
  Total restructuring charges
$
9

 
$
35



Total restructuring charges incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2014 included $8 million of employee
separation costs associated with various workforce reduction initiatives as the Company continues to simply its organization. Of the total $9 million in restructuring charges incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2014, $8 million and $1 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.

Total restructuring charges incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2013 included $18 million of employee
separation costs incurred in connection with the Company's management layer reduction initiative, $3 million represents costs incurred under the Company's voluntary retirement program, with the remaining costs associated with various workforce reduction initiatives. Of the total $35 million in restructuring charges incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2013, $13 million and $22 million were recorded in cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.

Charges for both periods presented were primarily recorded in the Company's DIS business.

The following table summarizes activity in the restructuring liability as of March 31, 2014:
 
Employee Separation Costs
 
Facility-Related Costs
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2013
$
31

 
$
5

 
$
36

Current period charges
8

 
1

 
9

Less:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash payments
(16
)
 
(1
)
 
(17
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2014
$
23

 
$
5

 
$
28