10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-31747

UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland	52-0898545
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
11407 Cronhill Drive, Suite A
Owings Mills, Maryland	21117
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (410) 363-3000

Inapplicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year if changed from last report.)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-Accelerated Filer ☒ Smaller Reporting Company ☒ Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	UUU	NYSE MKT LLC

At November 20, 2023, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 2,312,887.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I - Financial Information			Page
	Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 (unaudited) and March 31, 2023	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 (unaudited)	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Six Months Ended September 30, 2023, and 2022(unaudited)	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Six Months Ended September 30, 2023, (unaudited)	6
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Six Months Ended September 30, 2022, (unaudited)	7
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 (unaudited)	8
		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	9
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	14
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	16
Part II - Other Information
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	17
	Item 5.	Other Information	17
	Item 6.	Exhibits	17
		Signatures	19

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

ASSETS	(unaudited)		(audited)
	September 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash	$	254,818	$	151,502
Accounts receivable:
Trade, less provision for credit losses of $157,012		821,996		414,689
Other receivables		301,838		305,889
		1,123,834		720,578
Amount due from factor		2,006,624		2,944,370
Inventories – finished goods		4,968,433		4,063,632
Prepaid expenses		365,630		165,378
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS		8,719,339		8,045,460
INTANGIBLE ASSETS - NET		33,537		35,773
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT – NET		242,506		318,641
TOTAL ASSETS	$	8,995,382	$	8,399,874
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Line of credit - factor	$	912,147	$	1,459,350
Short-term portion of operating lease liability		154,969		151,230
Accounts payable - trade		1,990,116		293,465
Accounts payable – Eyston Company Ltd.		—		655,000
Accrued liabilities:
Accrued payroll and employee benefits		120,537		125,415
Accrued commissions and other		387,026		184,525
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES		3,564,795		2,868,985
LONG-TERM PORTION OF OPERATING LEASE LIABILITY		93,065		172,072
TOTAL LONG-TERM LIABILITIES		93,065		172,072
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES		—		—
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock, $.01 par value per share; authorized 20,000,000 shares; 2,312,887 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023		23,129		23,129
Additional paid-in capital		12,885,841		12,885,841
Accumulated Deficit		(7,571,448)		(7,550,153)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY		5,337,522		5,358,817
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	8,995,382	$	8,399,874

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Net sales	$	3,717,455	$	5,857,141
Cost of goods sold		2,409,277		4,295,526
GROSS PROFIT		1,308,178		1,561,615
Selling, general and administrative expense		1,334,351		1,189,243
Engineering and product development expense		131,415		103,245
Operating (loss) income		(157,588)		269,127
Other expense:
Interest expense		33,509		68,525
Net (loss) income before taxes		(191,097)		200,602
Provision for income tax benefit		4,672		—
NET (LOSS) INCOME	$	(186,425)	$	200,602
(Loss) Earnings per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.08)	$	0.09
Shares used in computing (loss) earnings per share:
Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding		2,312,887		2,312,887

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Net sales	$	10,416,226	$	10,492,445
Cost of goods sold		7,399,848		7,509,607
GROSS PROFIT		3,016,378		2,982,838
Selling, general and administrative expense		2,757,290		2,571,846
Engineering and product development expense		196,378		192,507
Operating income		62,710		218,485
Other expense:
Interest expense		84,005		124,021
NET (LOSS) INCOME	$	(21,295)	$	94,464
(Loss) Earnings per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.01)	$	0.04
Shares used in computing (loss) earnings per share:
Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding		2,312,887		2,312,887

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

				Additional
	Common	Stock		Paid-In		Accumulated
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Total
Balance at April 1, 2023	2,312,887	$	23,129	$	12,885,841	$	(7,550,153)	$	5,358,817
Net income							165,130		165,130
Balance at June 30, 2023	2,312,887	$	23,129	$	12,885,841	$	(7,385,023)	$	5,523,947
Net loss							(186,425)		(186,425)
Balance at September 30, 2023	2,312,887	$	23,129	$	12,885,841	$	(7,571,448)	$	5,337,522

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

				Additional
	Common	Stock		Paid-In		Accumulated
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Total
Balance at April 1, 2022	2,312,887	$	23,129	$	12,885,841	$	(8,270,564)	$	4,638,406
Net loss							(106,138)		(106,138)
Balance at June 30, 2022	2,312,887	$	23,129	$	12,885,841	$	(8,376,702)	$	4,532,268
Net income							200,602		200,602
Balance at September 30, 2022	2,312,887	$	23,129	$	12,885,841	$	(8,176,100)	$	4,732,870

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net (Loss) Income	$	(21,295)	$	94,464
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		3,102		10,063
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease (Increase) in accounts receivable and amount due from factor		534,490		(1,276,912)
(Increase) Decrease in inventories, prepaid expenses		(1,105,053)		970,998
Increase (Decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses		1,239,275		(177,454)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES		650,519		(378,841)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net (repayment) borrowing - Line of Credit – Factor		(547,203)		718,984
Repayment of Note Payable – Eyston Company Ltd		—		(600,000)
NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES		(547,203)		118,984
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH		103,316		(259,857)
Cash at beginning of period		151,502		438,735
CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$	254,818	$	178,878
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION:
Interest paid	$	84,005	$	124,021

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Statement of Management

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Universal Security Instruments, Inc. (USI or the Company) and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Except for the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023, which was derived from audited financial statements, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. Significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US-GAAP) have been condensed or omitted. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s March 31, 2023, audited financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-K as filed on July 14, 2023. The interim operating results are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year.

Line of Credit – Factor

In 2015, the Company entered into a Factoring Agreement (the Agreement) with Merchant for the purpose of factoring the Company’s trade accounts receivable and to provide financing secured by finished goods inventory. Under the Agreement the Company may borrow eighty percent (80%) of eligible accounts receivable. Additional funding, characterized by Merchant as an over advance, may be provided up to one hundred percent (100%) of eligible accounts receivable. The over advance portion, if any, may not exceed fifty percent (50%) of eligible inventory up to a maximum of $500,000.

The Agreement has been extended and now expires on January 6, 2024. and provides for continuation of the program for successive two-year periods until terminated by one of the parties to the Agreement. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had borrowings under the Agreement of approximately $912,000. As of September 30, 2023, and 2022 the Company had the availability to borrow approximately $899,000, and $135,000, respectively, under the Agreement. Advances on factored trade accounts receivable are secured by the Company’s trade accounts receivable and inventories, are repaid periodically as collections are made by Merchant but are otherwise due upon demand, and bear interest at the prime commercial rate of interest, as published, plus two percent (Effective rate 10.50% on September 30, 2023). Advances under the factoring agreement are made at the sole discretion of Merchant, based on their assessment of the receivables, inventory and our financial condition at the time of each request for an advance.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US-GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s primary source of revenue is the sale of safety and security products based upon purchase orders or contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the product is shipped or delivered to the customer. Customers may not return, exchange, or refuse acceptance of goods without our approval. Generally, the Company does not grant extended payment terms. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight, after control over a product has transferred to a customer, are accounted for as a cost to complete the sale, and are recorded in selling, general, and administrative expense. Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for satisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations on contracts with an original expected duration of one year or more. The Company’s contracts are predominantly short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

9

The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for products sold. Purchase orders may contain stand-alone pricing applied to each of the multiple products ordered. Revenue is recorded at the transaction price net of estimates of variable consideration. The Company uses the expected value method based on historical data in considering the impact of estimates of variable consideration, which may include trade discounts, allowances, product returns (including rights of return) or warranty replacements. Estimates of variable consideration are included in revenue to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur.

We have established a provision to cover anticipated credit losses based upon historical experience.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company presents below revenue associated with sales of products acquired from Eyston Company Ltd. (Eyston) separately from revenue associated with sales of ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI’s) and ventilation fans. The Company believes this disaggregation best depicts how our various product lines perform and are affected by economic factors. Revenue recognized by these categories for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 are as follows:

	Three months ended				Six months ended
	Sept. 30, 2023		Sept. 30, 2022		Sept. 30, 2023		Sept. 30, 2022
Sales of products acquired from Eyston	$	2,931,316	$	5,232,538	$	8,795,179	$	8,737,887
Sales of GFCI’s and ventilation fans		786,139		624,603		1,621,047		1,754,558
	$	3,717,455	$	5,857,141	$	10,416,226	$	10,492,445

Concentrations

The Company is primarily a distributor of safety products for use in home and business under both its trade names and private labels for other companies. The Company acquires all of the smoke alarm and carbon monoxide alarm safety products that it sells from Eyston Company, Ltd. In addition, the Company had three customers in the six-month period ended September 30, 2023, that represented 18.1%, 16.9%, and 10.6% of the Company’s net sales, and two customers in the three-month period ended September 30, 2023, that represented 15.6% and 14.9% of the Company’s net sales, respectively.

The Company had two customers in the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2022, that represented 16.0% and 10.2%, and 10.9% and 10.4% of the Company’s net sales, respectively.

Related Party Transactions

During the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2023, inventory purchases and other company expenses of approximately $376,000 and $701,000 respectively, were charged to credit card accounts of Harvey B. Grossblatt, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and certain of his immediate family members. During the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2022, inventory purchases and other company expenses of approximately $353,000 and $990,000 respectively, were charged to credit card accounts of Harvey B. Grossblatt, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and certain of his immediate family members. The Company subsequently reimbursed these charges in full. Mr. Grossblatt receives mileage benefits from these charges. The maximum amount outstanding and due to Mr. Grossblatt at any point during the six-month period ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 amounted to $167,435 and $217,066, respectively. The amount due to Mr. Grossblatt at September 30, 2023 amounted to approximately $167,000.

Receivables

Receivables are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration. We have established a provision for credit losses based upon historical experience.

Income Taxes

We calculate our interim tax provision in accordance with the guidance for accounting for income taxes in interim periods. We estimate the annual effective tax rate and apply that tax rate to our ordinary quarterly pre-tax income. The tax expense or benefit related to discrete events during the interim period is recognized in the interim period in which those events occurred.

10

The Company recognizes a liability or asset for the deferred tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements. These temporary differences may result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets or liabilities are recovered or settled.

Management reviews net operating loss carry forwards and income tax credit carry forwards to evaluate if those amounts are recoverable. After a review of projected taxable income, the components of the deferred tax asset, and the current global economic conditions including unresolved supply chain issues related to the acquisition of electronic microchips, it was determined that it is more likely than not that the tax benefits associated with the remaining components of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This determination was made based on the Company’s prior history of losses from operations and the uncertainty as to whether the Company will generate sufficient taxable income to use the deferred tax assets prior to their expiration. Accordingly, a valuation allowance was established to fully offset the value of the deferred tax assets. Our ability to realize the tax benefits associated with the deferred tax assets depends primarily upon the timing of future taxable income and the expiration dates of the components of the deferred tax assets. If sufficient future taxable income is generated, we may be able to offset a portion of future tax expenses.

The Company follows ASC 740-10 which provides guidance for tax positions related to the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and requires that we recognize in our condensed consolidated financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not to be sustained upon an examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Interest and penalties, if any, related to income tax matters are recorded as income tax expenses.

Accounts Receivable and Amount Due From Factor

The Company assigns the majority of its short-term receivables arising in the ordinary course of business to our factor. At the time a receivable is assigned to our factor the credit risk associated with the credit worthiness of the debtor is assumed by the factor. The Company continues to bear any credit risk associated with sales to customers that are denied credit by the factor, dispute delivery, and/or have warranty issues related to the products sold.

Management assesses the credit risk of both its trade accounts receivable and its financing receivables based on the specific identification of accounts. A provision for credit losses is provided based on that assessment. Changes in the provision are charged to operations in the period the change is determined. Amounts ultimately determined to be uncollectible are eliminated from the receivable accounts and from the provision for credit losses in the period that the receivables’ status is determined to be uncollectible.

Based on the nature of the factoring agreement and prior experience, no provision for credit losses related to Amounts Due from Factor has been provided. At September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023. a provision for credit losses of approximately $157,000 has been provided for uncollectible trade accounts receivable.

(Loss) Earnings per Common Share

Basic (loss) earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted (loss) earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the effect of stock options and other potentially dilutive common stock equivalents. The dilutive effect of stock options and other potentially dilutive common stock equivalents is determined using the treasury stock method based on the Company’s average stock price. There were no potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, or 2022. As a result, basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding are identical for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is involved in various claims and routine litigation matters. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the outcomes of such matters are not anticipated to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in future years.

11

Leases

The Company is a lessee in lease agreements for office space. Certain of the Company’s leases contain provisions that provide for one or more options to terminate or extend the lease at the Company’s sole discretion. The Company’s leases are comprised of fixed lease payments, with its real estate leases including lease payments subject to a rate or index which may be variable. Certain real estate leases also include executory costs such as common area maintenance (non-lease component). As a practical expedient permitted under ASC 842, the Company has elected to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. The Company utilizes certain practical expedients for short-term leases, including the election not to reassess its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs, as well as the election not to separate lease and non-lease components for arrangements where the Company is a lessee. Lease payments, which may include lease components and non-lease components, are included in the measurement of the Company’s lease liabilities to the extent that such payments are either fixed amounts or variable lease amounts based on a rate or index (fixed in substance) as stipulated in the lease contract.

Effective March 2022, we extended our operating lease for a 15,000 square foot office and warehouse located in Baltimore County, Maryland to expire in April 2025 subject to a right to terminate the lease if the Company enters into a binding agreement to sell the assets of the Company. No option to continue the lease beyond April 2025 has been provided in the lease extension. Monthly rental expense, with common area maintenance, currently approximates $15,000 and increases 3.0% per year.

None of the Company’s lease agreements contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. As a result of the Company’s election of the package of practical expedients permitted within ASC 842, which among other things, allows for the carryforward of historical lease classification, all of the Company’s lease agreements in existence at the date of adoption that were classified as operating leases under ASC 840 have been classified as operating leases under ASC 842. Lease expense for payments related to the Company’s operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the related lease term, which includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.

Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments as specified in the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to the Company’s operating leases are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term and amounted to approximately $485,000 at the date of adoption and increased by approximately $468,000 effective with the lease amendment and extension dated March 2022. When the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available surrounding the Company’s borrowing rates at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The right-of use asset also includes any lease payments made at or before lease commencement less any lease incentives. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had right-of-use assets of $233,645 and lease liabilities of $248,034 related to its operating leases. Right-of-use assets are included in property and equipment, net, on the consolidated balance sheet and lease liabilities related to the Company’s operating leases are included in short-term and long-term lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate related to its operating leases is one year, seven months and 5.5%, respectively. During the six-month period ended September 30, 2023, the cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities related to the Company’s operating leases was $77,945, which is included as an operating cash outflow within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. During the six-month period ended September 30, 2023, the operating lease costs related to the Company’s operating leases was $75,268 which is included in operating costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

12

The future minimum payments under operating leases are as follows for the fiscal periods ended March 31:

2024	$	77,945
2025		160,567
2026		13,381
Total operating lease payments	$	251,893
Less: amounts representing interest		(3,859)
Present value of net operating lease payments	$	248,034
Less: current portion		154,969
Long-term portion of operating lease obligations	$	93,065

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Changes to US-GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the form of Accounting Standards Updates (ASU’s) to the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASU’s. Management adopted ASU 2016-13 related to credit losses effective April 1, 2023. Management determined that adoption of the guidance of the ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements on the date of adoption or for the six-month period ended September 30, 2023.

13

ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

As used throughout this Report, “we,” “our,” “the Company” “USI” and similar words refers to Universal Security Instruments, Inc.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations with respect to our operations, performance, financial condition, and other developments. These forward-looking statements may generally be identified by the use of the words “may”, “will”, “believes”, “should”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “estimates”, and similar expressions. These statements are necessarily estimates reflecting management’s best judgment based upon current information and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made, and readers are advised that various factors could affect our financial performance and could cause our actual results for future periods to differ materially from those anticipated or projected. While it is impossible to identify all such factors, such factors include, but are not limited to, those risks identified in our periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

OVERVIEW

We are in the business of marketing and distributing safety and security products. Our financial statements detail our sales and other operational results for the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2023, and 2022.

The Company has developed products based on new smoke and gas detection technologies, with what the Company believes are improved sensing technology and product features. Most of our new technologies and features have been trademarked under the trade name IoPhic.

Changes in international trade duties and other aspects of international trade policy, both in the U.S. and abroad, could materially impact the cost of our products. All of our products are imported from the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). To date, only certain of our products such as Carbon Monoxide and Photoelectric alarms, and certain wiring devices, have been subjected to tariffs of 25%. We are monitoring these developments and will determine our strategies as additional information becomes available. Any increase in tariffs that is not offset by an increase in our sales prices could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Sales. Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2023, were $3,717,455 compared to $5,857,141 for the comparable three months in the prior year, a decrease of $2,139,686 (36.5)%. Sales decreased principally due to the timing of orders and delays in both manufacturing, due to supply chain disruptions, and to delays in shipping and handling of containers at California ports of entry. While delays in manufacturing and shipping have improved somewhat over the past fiscal year, we continue to experience significant delays in receiving inventory for sale.

Gross Profit Margin. Gross profit margin is calculated as net sales less cost of goods sold expressed as a percentage of net sales. Our gross profit margin was 35.2% and 26.7% of sales for the quarters ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Gross margins for the three-month period ended September 30, 2023, increased due to variations in the mix of products sold and to continued increases in the cost of certain electronic components. Gross margins were negatively impacted in the period ended September 30, 2022, principally due to increases in the cost of certain electronic components.

Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $1,334,351 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $1,189,243 for the comparable three months in the prior year. As a percentage of net sales, these expenses increased to 35.9% for the three-month period ended September 30, 2023, from 20.3% for the 2022 period. These expenses increased as a percentage of net sales principally since selling, general, and administrative expenses do not decrease in direct proportion to a decrease in sales. In addition, during the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded additional product liability insurance costs as a

14

result of increased sales exposure in the prior fiscal year, while the prior year period included a reduction in salaries expense of approximately $181,000 resulting from recording an employee retention credit under the CARES Act.

Engineering and product development expenses were $131,415 for the three-month period ended September 30, 2023, and $103,245 for the comparable quarter of the prior year, a $28,170 (27.3%) increase. These expenses increased primarily due to additional product development costs.

Interest Expense. Our interest expense was $33,509 for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, compared to interest expense of $68,525 for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. Interest expense is dependent upon the total amounts borrowed from the Factor and changes in interest rates during the period as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year.

Net (Loss) Income. In addition to the differences between the 2023 and 2022 periods discussed above, the Company’s net income for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, included a reduction in salaries expense resulting from recoding an employee retention credit under the CARES Act. For all of the above reasons, we reported a net loss of $186,425 for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, compared to a net income of $200,602 for the corresponding quarter of the prior fiscal year, a $387,027 (192.9%) decrease in net income.

Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Sales. Net sales for the six months ended September 30, 2023, were $10,416,226 compared to $10,492,445 for the comparable six months in the prior period, a decrease of $76,219 (0.7)%. Sales decreased principally due to the timing of orders and delays in both manufacturing, due to supply chain disruptions, and to delays in shipping and handling of containers at California ports of entry. While delays in manufacturing and shipping have improved somewhat over the past fiscal year, we continue to experience significant delays in receiving inventory for sale.

Gross Profit Margin. The gross profit margin is calculated as net sales less cost of goods sold expressed as a percentage of net sales. The Company’s gross profit margin was 29.0% for the period ended September 30, 2023, and 28.4% for the period ended September 30, 2022. Gross margins are impacted by variations in the mix of products sold and due to continued increases in the cost of certain electronic components.

Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $2,757,290 for the six months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $2,571,846 for the comparable six months in the prior year. As a percentage of sales, these expenses were 26.5% for the six-month period ended September 30, 2023, and 24.5% for the comparable 2022 period. As a dollar amount these expenses increased by $185,444 principally as a result of recording additional product liability insurance costs due to increased sales exposure in the prior fiscal year.

Engineering and product development expenses were comparable at $196,378 for the six months ended September 30, 2023, to $192,507 for the comparable period of the prior year.

Interest Expense. Our interest expense was $84,005 for the six months ended September 30, 2023, compared to interest expense of $124,021 for the six months ended September 30, 2022. Interest expense is dependent upon the total amounts borrowed from the Factor and changes in interest rates during the period as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year.

Net (Loss) Income. In addition to the differences between the 2023 and 2022 periods discussed above, the Company’s net income for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, included a reduction in salaries expense resulting from recoding an employee retention credit under the CARES Act. For all of the above reasons, we reported a net loss of $21,295 for the six months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a net income of $94,464 for the corresponding period of the prior fiscal year, a decrease in net income of $115,759 (122.5%).

Operating activities provided cash of $650,519 for the six months ended September 30, 2023. This was primarily due to a decrease in accounts receivable and amount due from factor of $534,490, and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses and of $1,239,275, and partially offset by an increase in inventories, prepaid expenses of $1,105,053 and a net loss of $21,295. Operating activities used cash of $378,841 for the six months ended September 30, 2022. This was primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable and amount due from factor of $1,276,912 and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $177,454 offset by a decrease in inventories and prepaid expenses of $970,998, and net income of $94,464.

15

There were no investing activities for the six months ended September 30, 2023, or 2022.

Financing activities used cash of $547,203 during the six months ended September 30, 2023, which is comprised of repayments net of borrowings from the factor. Financing activities provided cash of $118,984 during the six months ended September 30, 2022, which is comprised of borrowings net of repayments from the factor of $718,984, and repayment of a note payable to Eyston Company Ltd. of $600,000 for the six months ended September 30, 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company believes its balances of cash, funds available to borrow under the terms of its factoring agreement, and cash generated by ongoing operations will be sufficient to satisfy its cash requirements over the next twelve months and beyond. The Company’s contractual cash requirements have not changed materially since it filed its Form 10-K for the period ended March 31, 2023.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

In the notes to the consolidated financial statements, and in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Form 10-K, we have disclosed those accounting policies that we consider to be significant in determining our results of Operations and financial condition. There have been no material changes to those policies that we consider to be significant since the filing of our Form 10-K. The accounting principles used in preparing our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements conform in all material respects to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

ITEM 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures (as such item is defined in Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e) of the Exchange Act) that is designed to provide reasonable assurance that information, which is required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and is accumulated and communicated to management in a timely manner. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated this system of disclosure controls and procedures in accordance with applicable Securities and Exchange Commission guidance as of the end of the period covered by this annual report and have concluded that disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.

A material weakness arose in the management review controls over classification of and disclosure of amounts within the financial statements. The Company plans to remediate the material weakness by clarification of the classification of amounts and inclusion of the required disclosures.

A material weakness in the management review controls over the classification of and accounting for income taxes. The Company plans to remediate the material weakness by clarification of the classification of amounts and inclusion of the required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no other changes in internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

16

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, the Company is involved in various lawsuits and legal matters. It is the opinion of management, based on the advice of legal counsel, that these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

As previously announced, while the Company continues to generate sufficient capital to satisfy the ongoing cash requirements for its current operations, management believes that access to additional funding or other resources, or identifying the right strategic business combination, would allow the Company to drive long term value for its shareholders while taking advantage of sales growth opportunities that the Company seeks to execute. Management believes that it would be advantageous to the Company and its shareholders to explore strategic alternatives as the Company pursues additional sources of capital. There is no deadline or definitive timetable set for completion of the strategic alternatives process, and there can be no assurance any proposal will be made or accepted, any agreement will be executed, or any transaction will be consummated.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.
3.1	Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 1988, File No. 1-31747)
3.2	Articles Supplementary, filed October 14, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 31, 2002, file No. 1-31747)
3.3	Bylaws, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 13, 2011, File No. 1-31747)
10.1	2011 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement with respect to the Company’s 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, filed July 26, 2011, File No. 1-31747)
10.2	Discount Factoring Agreement between the Registrant and Merchant Factors Corp., dated January 6, 2015 (substantially identical agreement entered into by USI’s wholly-owned subsidiary, USI Electric, Inc.) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 16, 2015, file No. 1-31747)
10.3	Lease between Universal Security Instruments, Inc. and St. John Properties, Inc. dated November 4, 2008 for its office and warehouse located at 11407 Cronhill Drive, Suites A-D, Owings Mills, Maryland 21117 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2008, File No. 1-31747)
10.4	Amendment to Lease between Universal Security Instruments, Inc. and St. John Properties, Inc. dated June 23, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2009, File No. 1-31747)
10.5	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated July 18, 2007 between the Company and Harvey B. Grossblatt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended December 31, 2007, File No. 1-31747), as amended by Addendum dated November 13, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 15, 2007, File No. 1-31747), by Addendum dated September 8, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 8, 2008, File No. 1-31747), by Addendum dated March 11, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 12, 2010, File No. 1-31747), by Addendum dated July 19, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 20, 2012, File No. 1-31747), by Addendum dated July 3, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 8, 2013, File No. 1-31747), and by Addendum dated July 21, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 21, 2014, File No. 1-31747) ), by addendum dated July 23, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 28, 2015, File No. 1-31747), by addendum dated July 12, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 12, 2016, File No. 1-31747), by addendum dated July 18, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July

17

	20, 2017, File No. 1-31747), and by addendum dated July 9, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 9, 2018, File No. 1-31747), by addendum dated July 12, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 16, 2019, file No. 1-31747), by addendum dated July 27, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 27, 2020, file No. 1-31747). by addendum dated July 18, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 28, 2021, file No. 1-31747), by addendum dated July 22, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 28, 2022, file No. 1-31747). and by addendum dated June 12, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 13, 2023, file No. 1-31747).
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer*
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer*
32.1	Section 1350 Certifications*
99.1	Press Release dated November 20, 2023*
101	Interactive data files providing financial information from the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the six months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

* Filed herewith

18

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC.
	(Registrant)
Date: November 20, 2023	By:	/s/ Harvey B. Grossblatt
		Harvey B. Grossblatt
		President, Chief Executive Officer
	By:	/s/ James B. Huff
		James B. Huff
		Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

19

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Harvey B. Grossblatt, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Universal Security Instruments, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

November 20, 2023	/s/ Harvey B. Grossblatt
	Harvey B. Grossblatt
	Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, James B. Huff, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Universal Security Instruments, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

November 20, 2023	/s/ James B. Huff
	James B. Huff
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATIONS

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Universal Security Instruments, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and to which this Certification is an exhibit (the “Report”), the undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company for the periods reflected therein.

November 20, 2023	/s/ Harvey B. Grossblatt
	Harvey B. Grossblatt
	Chief Executive Officer
	/s/ James B. Huff
	James B. Huff
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

For Immediate Release

Contact: Harvey Grossblatt, CEO

Universal Security Instruments, Inc.

(410) 363-3000, Ext. 224

or

Zachary Mizener

Lambert & Co.

(315) 529-2348

Universal Security Instruments Reports Second-Quarter Results

OWINGS MILLS, Md. November 20, 2023 - Universal Security Instruments, Inc. (NYSE AMEX: UUU) today announced results for its fiscal second quarter and six months ended September 30, 2023.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, sales decreased 36.5% to $3,717,455 compared to sales of $5,857,141 for the same period last year. The Company reported a net loss of $186,425, or $0.08 per basic and diluted share, compared to net income of $200,602 or $0.09 per basic and diluted share for the same period last year.

For the six months ended September 30, 2023, sales decreased 0.7% to $10,416,226 versus $10,492,445 for the same period last year. The Company reported a net loss of $21,295, or $0.01 per basic and diluted share, compared to net income of $94,464 or $0.04, per basic and diluted share for the corresponding 2022 period.

“Sales were lower this quarter due to delays in getting cargo off the pier in California and supply chain issues. Our net loss was also partially due to an additional premium expense of $148,000 in the 2023 period following an insurance audit, and lower net income for the 2023 period when compared to the 2022 period due to a Federal Employee Retention Credit of approximately $181,000 in the 2022 period which was not repeated in the 2023 period.” said Harvey Grossblatt, President.

UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC. is a U.S.-based manufacturer and distributor of safety and security devices. Founded in 1969, the Company has an over 54-year heritage of developing innovative and easy-to-install products, including smoke, fire and carbon monoxide alarms.  For more information on Universal Security Instruments, visit our website at www.universalsecurity.com.

------------------------------------------------------------

"Safe Harbor” Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: Certain matters discussed in this news release may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws that inherently include certain risks and uncertainties.  Actual results could differ materially from those projected in or contemplated by the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including, among other items, currency fluctuations, the impact of current and future laws and governmental regulations affecting us and other factors which may be identified from time to time in our Securities and Exchange Commission filings and other public announcements.  We do not undertake and specifically disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.  We will revise our outlook from time to time and frequently will not disclose such revisions publicly.

-- more --

Universal/Page 2

UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Sales	$	3,717,455	$	5,857,141
Net (loss) income		(186,425)		200,602
(Loss) Earnings per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.08)	$	0.09
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted		2,312,887		2,312,887

	Six Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Sales	$	10,416,226	$	10,492,445
Net (loss) income		(21,295)		94,464
(Loss) Earnings per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.01)	$	0.04
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted		2,312,887		2,312,887

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)

	Sept. 30, 2023		Sept. 30, 2022
ASSETS
Cash	$	254,818	$	178,878
Accounts receivable and amount due from factor		3,130,458		5,367,025
Inventory		4,968,433		5,171,217
Prepaid expense		365,630		328,188
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS		8,719,339		11,045,308
PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS–NET		276,043		436,142
OTHER ASSETS		—		4,000
TOTAL ASSETS	$	8,995,382	$	11,485,450
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Line of credit – factor	$	912,147	$	2,876,070
Note payable – Eyston Company Ltd.		—		481,440
Short-term portion of operating lease liability		154,969		147,593
Accounts payable		1,990,116		2,605,544
Accrued liabilities		507,563		393,900
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES		3,564,795		6,504,547
LONG TERM PORTION OF OPERATING LEASE LIABILITY		93,065		248,033
TOTAL LONG-TERM LIABILITIES		93,065		248,033
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock, $.01 par value per share; authorized 20,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 2,312,887 at September 30, 2023 and 2022		23,129		23,129
Additional paid-in capital		12,885,841		12,885,841
Accumulated Deficit		(7,571,448)		(8,176,100)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY		5,337,522		4,732,870
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	8,995,382	$	11,485,450

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 20, 2023
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--03-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-31747
Entity Registrant Name	UNIVERSAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS INC
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MD
Entity Tax Identification Number	52-0898545
Entity Address, Address Line One	11407 Cronhill Drive
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite A
Entity Address, City or Town	Owings Mills
Entity Address, Country	MD
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	21117
City Area Code	410
Local Phone Number	363-3000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	UUU
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		2,312,887
Entity Central Index Key	0000102109
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash	$ 254,818	$ 151,502
Accounts receivable:
Trade, less provision for credit losses of $157,012	821,996	414,689
Other receivables	301,838	305,889
Total accounts receivable	1,123,834	720,578
Amount due from factor	2,006,624	2,944,370
Inventories - finished goods	4,968,433	4,063,632
Prepaid expenses	365,630	165,378
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS	8,719,339	8,045,460
INTANGIBLE ASSETS - NET	33,537	35,773
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - NET	242,506	318,641
TOTAL ASSETS	8,995,382	8,399,874
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Line of credit - factor	912,147	1,459,350
Short-term portion of operating lease liability	154,969	151,230
Accounts payable - trade	1,990,116	293,465
Accounts payable - Eyston Company Ltd.		655,000
Accrued liabilities:
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	120,537	125,415
Accrued commissions and other	387,026	184,525
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES	3,564,795	2,868,985
LONG-TERM PORTION OF OPERATING LEASE LIABILITY	93,065	172,072
TOTAL LONG-TERM LIABILITIES	93,065	172,072
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, $.01 par value per share; authorized 20,000,000 shares; 2,312,887 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023	23,129	23,129
Additional paid-in capital	12,885,841	12,885,841
Accumulated Deficit	(7,571,448)	(7,550,153)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	5,337,522	5,358,817
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 8,995,382	$ 8,399,874

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Provision for credit losses	$ 157,012	$ 157,012
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	2,312,887	2,312,887
Common stock, shares outstanding	2,312,887	2,312,887

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Net sales	$ 3,717,455	$ 5,857,141	$ 10,416,226	$ 10,492,445
Cost of goods sold	2,409,277	4,295,526	7,399,848	7,509,607
GROSS PROFIT	1,308,178	1,561,615	3,016,378	2,982,838
Selling, general and administrative expense	1,334,351	1,189,243	2,757,290	2,571,846
Engineering and product development expense	131,415	103,245	196,378	192,507
Operating (loss) income	(157,588)	269,127	62,710	218,485
Other expense:
Interest expense	33,509	68,525	84,005	124,021
Net (loss) income before taxes	(191,097)	200,602
Provision for income tax benefit	4,672
NET (LOSS) INCOME	$ (186,425)	$ 200,602	$ (21,295)	$ 94,464
(Loss) Earnings per share:
Basic	$ (0.08)	$ 0.09	$ (0.01)	$ 0.04
Diluted	$ (0.08)	$ 0.09	$ (0.01)	$ 0.04
Shares used in computing (loss) earnings per share:
Weighted average basic shares outstanding	2,312,887	2,312,887	2,312,887	2,312,887
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding	2,312,887	2,312,887	2,312,887	2,312,887

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 23,129	$ 12,885,841	$ (8,270,564)	$ 4,638,406
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	2,312,887
Net Income (loss)			(106,138)	(106,138)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 23,129	12,885,841	(8,376,702)	4,532,268
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	2,312,887
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 23,129	12,885,841	(8,270,564)	4,638,406
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	2,312,887
Net Income (loss)				94,464
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 23,129	12,885,841	(8,176,100)	4,732,870
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	2,312,887
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 23,129	12,885,841	(8,376,702)	4,532,268
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022	2,312,887
Net Income (loss)			200,602	200,602
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 23,129	12,885,841	(8,176,100)	4,732,870
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022	2,312,887
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 23,129	12,885,841	(7,550,153)	5,358,817
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	2,312,887
Net Income (loss)			165,130	165,130
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 23,129	12,885,841	(7,385,023)	5,523,947
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	2,312,887
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 23,129	12,885,841	(7,550,153)	5,358,817
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	2,312,887
Net Income (loss)				(21,295)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 23,129	12,885,841	(7,571,448)	5,337,522
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	2,312,887
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 23,129	12,885,841	(7,385,023)	5,523,947
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	2,312,887
Net Income (loss)			(186,425)	(186,425)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 23,129	$ 12,885,841	$ (7,571,448)	$ 5,337,522
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	2,312,887

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net (Loss) Income	$ (21,295)	$ 94,464
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	3,102	10,063
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease (Increase) in accounts receivable and amount due from factor	534,490	(1,276,912)
(Increase) Decrease in inventories, prepaid expenses	(1,105,053)	970,998
Increase (Decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,239,275	(177,454)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES	650,519	(378,841)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net (repayment) borrowing - Line of Credit - Factor	(547,203)	718,984
Repayment of Note Payable - Eyston Company Ltd		(600,000)
NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES	(547,203)	118,984
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH	103,316	(259,857)
Cash at beginning of period	151,502	438,735
CASH AT END OF PERIOD	254,818	178,878
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION:
Interest paid	$ 84,005	$ 124,021

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Statement of Management

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Statement of Management

Statement of Management

Statement of Management

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Universal Security Instruments, Inc. (USI or the Company) and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Except for the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023, which was derived from audited financial statements, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. Significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US-GAAP) have been condensed or omitted. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s March 31, 2023, audited financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 10-K as filed on July 14, 2023. The interim operating results are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year.

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Line of Credit - Factor

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Line of Credit - Factor

Line of Credit - Factor

Line of Credit – Factor

In 2015, the Company entered into a Factoring Agreement (the Agreement) with Merchant for the purpose of factoring the Company’s trade accounts receivable and to provide financing secured by finished goods inventory. Under the Agreement the Company may borrow eighty percent (80%) of eligible accounts receivable. Additional funding, characterized by Merchant as an over advance, may be provided up to one hundred percent (100%) of eligible accounts receivable. The over advance portion, if any, may not exceed fifty percent (50%) of eligible inventory up to a maximum of $500,000.

The Agreement has been extended and now expires on January 6, 2024. and provides for continuation of the program for successive two-year periods until terminated by one of the parties to the Agreement. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had borrowings under the Agreement of approximately $912,000. As of September 30, 2023, and 2022 the Company had the availability to borrow approximately $899,000, and $135,000, respectively, under the Agreement. Advances on factored trade accounts receivable are secured by the Company’s trade accounts receivable and inventories, are repaid periodically as collections are made by Merchant but are otherwise due upon demand, and bear interest at the prime commercial rate of interest, as published, plus two percent (Effective rate 10.50% on September 30, 2023). Advances under the factoring agreement are made at the sole discretion of Merchant, based on their assessment of the receivables, inventory and our financial condition at the time of each request for an advance.

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Use of Estimates

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US-GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

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Revenue Recognition

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s primary source of revenue is the sale of safety and security products based upon purchase orders or contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the product is shipped or delivered to the customer. Customers may not return, exchange, or refuse acceptance of goods without our approval. Generally, the Company does not grant extended payment terms. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight, after control over a product has transferred to a customer, are accounted for as a cost to complete the sale, and are recorded in selling, general, and administrative expense. Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for satisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations on contracts with an original expected duration of one year or more. The Company’s contracts are predominantly short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for products sold. Purchase orders may contain stand-alone pricing applied to each of the multiple products ordered. Revenue is recorded at the transaction price net of estimates of variable consideration. The Company uses the expected value method based on historical data in considering the impact of estimates of variable consideration, which may include trade discounts, allowances, product returns (including rights of return) or warranty replacements. Estimates of variable consideration are included in revenue to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur.

We have established a provision to cover anticipated credit losses based upon historical experience.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The Company presents below revenue associated with sales of products acquired from Eyston Company Ltd. (Eyston) separately from revenue associated with sales of ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI’s) and ventilation fans. The Company believes this disaggregation best depicts how our various product lines perform and are affected by economic factors. Revenue recognized by these categories for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 are as follows:

	Three months ended				Six months ended
	Sept. 30, 2023		Sept. 30, 2022		Sept. 30, 2023		Sept. 30, 2022
Sales of products acquired from Eyston	$	2,931,316	$	5,232,538	$	8,795,179	$	8,737,887
Sales of GFCI’s and ventilation fans		786,139		624,603		1,621,047		1,754,558
	$	3,717,455	$	5,857,141	$	10,416,226	$	10,492,445

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Concentrations

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Concentrations

Concentrations

Concentrations

The Company is primarily a distributor of safety products for use in home and business under both its trade names and private labels for other companies. The Company acquires all of the smoke alarm and carbon monoxide alarm safety products that it sells from Eyston Company, Ltd. In addition, the Company had three customers in the six-month period ended September 30, 2023, that represented 18.1%, 16.9%, and 10.6% of the Company’s net sales, and two customers in the three-month period ended September 30, 2023, that represented 15.6% and 14.9% of the Company’s net sales, respectively.

The Company had two customers in the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2022, that represented 16.0% and 10.2%, and 10.9% and 10.4% of the Company’s net sales, respectively.

Related Party Transactions

During the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2023, inventory purchases and other company expenses of approximately $376,000 and $701,000 respectively, were charged to credit card accounts of Harvey B. Grossblatt, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and certain of his immediate family members. During the three and six-month periods ended September 30, 2022, inventory purchases and other company expenses of approximately $353,000 and $990,000 respectively, were charged to credit card accounts of Harvey B. Grossblatt, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and certain of his immediate family members. The Company subsequently reimbursed these charges in full. Mr. Grossblatt receives mileage benefits from these charges. The maximum amount outstanding and due to Mr. Grossblatt at any point during the six-month period ended September 30, 2023, and 2022 amounted to $167,435 and $217,066, respectively. The amount due to Mr. Grossblatt at September 30, 2023 amounted to approximately $167,000.

Receivables

Receivables are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration. We have established a provision for credit losses based upon historical experience.

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We calculate our interim tax provision in accordance with the guidance for accounting for income taxes in interim periods. We estimate the annual effective tax rate and apply that tax rate to our ordinary quarterly pre-tax income. The tax expense or benefit related to discrete events during the interim period is recognized in the interim period in which those events occurred.

The Company recognizes a liability or asset for the deferred tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements. These temporary differences may result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets or liabilities are recovered or settled.

Management reviews net operating loss carry forwards and income tax credit carry forwards to evaluate if those amounts are recoverable. After a review of projected taxable income, the components of the deferred tax asset, and the current global economic conditions including unresolved supply chain issues related to the acquisition of electronic microchips, it was determined that it is more likely than not that the tax benefits associated with the remaining components of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This determination was made based on the Company’s prior history of losses from operations and the uncertainty as to whether the Company will generate sufficient taxable income to use the deferred tax assets prior to their expiration. Accordingly, a valuation allowance was established to fully offset the value of the deferred tax assets. Our ability to realize the tax benefits associated with the deferred tax assets depends primarily upon the timing of future taxable income and the expiration dates of the components of the deferred tax assets. If sufficient future taxable income is generated, we may be able to offset a portion of future tax expenses.

The Company follows ASC 740-10 which provides guidance for tax positions related to the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and requires that we recognize in our condensed consolidated financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not to be sustained upon an examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Interest and penalties, if any, related to income tax matters are recorded as income tax expenses.

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Accounts Receivable and Amount Due From Factor

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounts Receivable and Amount Due From Factor

Accounts Receivable and Amount Due From Factor

Accounts Receivable and Amount Due From Factor

The Company assigns the majority of its short-term receivables arising in the ordinary course of business to our factor. At the time a receivable is assigned to our factor the credit risk associated with the credit worthiness of the debtor is assumed by the factor. The Company continues to bear any credit risk associated with sales to customers that are denied credit by the factor, dispute delivery, and/or have warranty issues related to the products sold.

Management assesses the credit risk of both its trade accounts receivable and its financing receivables based on the specific identification of accounts. A provision for credit losses is provided based on that assessment. Changes in the provision are charged to operations in the period the change is determined. Amounts ultimately determined to be uncollectible are eliminated from the receivable accounts and from the provision for credit losses in the period that the receivables’ status is determined to be uncollectible.

Based on the nature of the factoring agreement and prior experience, no provision for credit losses related to Amounts Due from Factor has been provided. At September 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023. a provision for credit losses of approximately $157,000 has been provided for uncollectible trade accounts receivable.

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(Loss) Earnings per Common Share

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

(Loss) Earnings per Common Share

(Loss) Earnings per Common Share

(Loss) Earnings per Common Share

Basic (loss) earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted (loss) earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the effect of stock options and other potentially dilutive common stock equivalents. The dilutive effect of stock options and other potentially dilutive common stock equivalents is determined using the treasury stock method based on the Company’s average stock price. There were no potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, or 2022. As a result, basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding are identical for the three and six months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022.

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Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Contingencies

Contingencies

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is involved in various claims and routine litigation matters. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the outcomes of such matters are not anticipated to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in future years.

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Leases

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases

Leases

Leases

The Company is a lessee in lease agreements for office space. Certain of the Company’s leases contain provisions that provide for one or more options to terminate or extend the lease at the Company’s sole discretion. The Company’s leases are comprised of fixed lease payments, with its real estate leases including lease payments subject to a rate or index which may be variable. Certain real estate leases also include executory costs such as common area maintenance (non-lease component). As a practical expedient permitted under ASC 842, the Company has elected to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. The Company utilizes certain practical expedients for short-term leases, including the election not to reassess its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs, as well as the election not to separate lease and non-lease components for arrangements where the Company is a lessee. Lease payments, which may include lease components and non-lease components, are included in the measurement of the Company’s lease liabilities to the extent that such payments are either fixed amounts or variable lease amounts based on a rate or index (fixed in substance) as stipulated in the lease contract.

Effective March 2022, we extended our operating lease for a 15,000 square foot office and warehouse located in Baltimore County, Maryland to expire in April 2025 subject to a right to terminate the lease if the Company enters into a binding agreement to sell the assets of the Company. No option to continue the lease beyond April 2025 has been provided in the lease extension. Monthly rental expense, with common area maintenance, currently approximates $15,000 and increases 3.0% per year.

None of the Company’s lease agreements contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. As a result of the Company’s election of the package of practical expedients permitted within ASC 842, which among other things, allows for the carryforward of historical lease classification, all of the Company’s lease agreements in existence at the date of adoption that were classified as operating leases under ASC 840 have been classified as operating leases under ASC 842. Lease expense for payments related to the Company’s operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the related lease term, which includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.

Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments as specified in the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to the Company’s operating leases are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term and amounted to approximately $485,000 at the date of adoption and increased by approximately $468,000 effective with the lease amendment and extension dated March 2022. When the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available surrounding the Company’s borrowing rates at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The right-of use asset also includes any lease payments made at or before lease commencement less any lease incentives. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had right-of-use assets of $233,645 and lease liabilities of $248,034 related to its operating leases. Right-of-use assets are included in property and equipment, net, on the consolidated balance sheet and lease liabilities related to the Company’s operating leases are included in short-term and long-term lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate related to its operating leases is one year, seven months and 5.5%, respectively. During the six-month period ended September 30, 2023, the cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities related to the Company’s operating leases was $77,945, which is included as an operating cash outflow within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. During the six-month period ended September 30, 2023, the operating lease costs related to the Company’s operating leases was $75,268 which is included in operating costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

The future minimum payments under operating leases are as follows for the fiscal periods ended March 31:

2024	$	77,945
2025		160,567
2026		13,381
Total operating lease payments	$	251,893
Less: amounts representing interest		(3,859)
Present value of net operating lease payments	$	248,034
Less: current portion		154,969
Long-term portion of operating lease obligations	$	93,065

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Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Changes to US-GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the form of Accounting Standards Updates (ASU’s) to the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASU’s. Management adopted ASU 2016-13 related to credit losses effective April 1, 2023. Management determined that adoption of the guidance of the ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements on the date of adoption or for the six-month period ended September 30, 2023.

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue Recognition

Schedule of revenue recognized by categories

	Three months ended				Six months ended
	Sept. 30, 2023		Sept. 30, 2022		Sept. 30, 2023		Sept. 30, 2022
Sales of products acquired from Eyston	$	2,931,316	$	5,232,538	$	8,795,179	$	8,737,887
Sales of GFCI’s and ventilation fans		786,139		624,603		1,621,047		1,754,558
	$	3,717,455	$	5,857,141	$	10,416,226	$	10,492,445

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Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases

Schedule of future minimum payments under operating leases

The future minimum payments under operating leases are as follows for the fiscal periods ended March 31:

2024	$	77,945
2025		160,567
2026		13,381
Total operating lease payments	$	251,893
Less: amounts representing interest		(3,859)
Present value of net operating lease payments	$	248,034
Less: current portion		154,969
Long-term portion of operating lease obligations	$	93,065

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Line of Credit - Factor (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2015
Line of Credit - Factor
Percentage of maximum borrowing capacity of eligible accounts receivables under the line of credit			80.00%
Over advance percentage of maximum borrowing capacity of eligible accounts receivables under the line of credit			100.00%
Over advance maximum percentage of maximum borrowing capacity of eligible accounts receivables under the line of credit			50.00%
Line of credit facility of capacity available for trade purchases			$ 500,000
Accounts receivables factoring agreement term		2 years
Line of credit facility of remaining borrowing capacity	$ 899,000	$ 135,000
Long-term line of credit	$ 912,000
Variable rate on the debt instrument (as a percent)	2.00%
Effective interest rate (as a percent)	10.50%

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Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition	$ 3,717,455	$ 5,857,141	$ 10,416,226	$ 10,492,445
Products acquired from Eyston Company Ltd.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition	2,931,316	5,232,538	8,795,179	8,737,887
Sales of GFCI's and ventilation fans
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition	$ 786,139	$ 624,603	$ 1,621,047	$ 1,754,558

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Concentrations (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
CONCENTRATIONS
Purchase of inventory and other company	$ 376,000	$ 353,000	$ 701,000	$ 990,000
Maximum amount outstanding			167,435	$ 217,066
Due to related parties	$ 167,000		$ 167,000
One Customer | Net sales | Customer Concentration Risk
CONCENTRATIONS
Concentration risk, percentage	15.60%	16.00%	18.10%	10.90%
Two Customer | Net sales | Customer Concentration Risk
CONCENTRATIONS
Concentration risk, percentage	14.90%	10.20%	16.90%	10.40%
Three Customer | Net sales | Customer Concentration Risk
CONCENTRATIONS
Concentration risk, percentage			10.60%

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Accounts Receivable and Amount Due From Factor (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable and Amount Due From Factor
Provision for credit losses related to amounts due from factor	$ 0
Provision for credit losses	$ 157,012	$ 157,012

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(Loss) Earnings per Common Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
(Loss) Earnings per Common Share
Number of potentially dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding	0	0

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Leases - Additional Information (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) ft²	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022
Leases
Monthly rental expense	$ 15,000
Operating lease rent increment percentage	3.00%
Lease, practical expedients, package [true false]	true
Right-of-use asset in exchange for operating lease liability	$ 485,000
Adoption of lease payment increased	468,000
Right-of-use lease assets	$ 233,645
Right-of-use lease assets	Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Lease liabilities	$ 248,034	$ 248,034
Weighted-average remaining lease term			1 year 7 months
Weighted-average discount rate	5.50%
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities	$ 77,945
Operating lease costs	$ 75,268
Office In Baltimore
Leases
Land subject to ground leases | ft²	15,000

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Leases (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Future minimum payments under operating leases
2024		$ 77,945
2025		160,567
2026		13,381
Total operating lease payments		251,893
Less: amounts representing interest		(3,859)
Present value of net operating lease payments	$ 248,034	248,034
Less: current portion		154,969
Long-term portion of operating lease obligations		$ 93,065