SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its variable interest entity (“VIE”).

DXP is the primary beneficiary of a VIE in which DXP owns 47.5% of the equity. DXP consolidates the financial statements of the VIE with the financial statements of DXP. As of December 31, 2018, the total assets of the VIE were approximately $5.4 million including approximately $4.5 million of fixed assets. DXP is the primary customer of the VIE. Consolidation of the VIE decreased cost of sales by approximately $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and increased cost of sales by approximately $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company recognized a related income tax benefit of $46 thousand and $0.2 million related to the VIE for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, the owners of the 52.5% of the equity not owned by DXP included employees of DXP.

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation; none affected net income.

Foreign Currency

The financial statements of the Company’s Canadian subsidiaries are measured using local currencies as their functional currencies. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates, while income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates. Translation gains and losses are reported in other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses on transactions denominated in foreign currency are reported in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary in order to make the financial statements not misleading have been included. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company’s presentation of cash includes cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are defined as short-term investments with maturity dates of 90 days or less at time of purchase. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with institutions with high credit quality. However, at certain times, such cash and cash equivalents may be in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. The Company has not historically experienced any losses when in excess of these limits.

Receivables and Credit Risk

Trade receivables consist primarily of uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms, which usually require payment within 30 days of the invoice date. However, these payment terms are extended in select cases and customers may not pay within stated trade terms.

The Company has trade receivables from a diversified customer base located primarily in the Rocky Mountain, Northeastern, Midwestern, Southeastern and Southwestern regions of the United States, and Canada. The Company believes no significant concentration of credit risk exists. The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of its customers' financial positions and monitors accounts on a regular basis. Provisions to the allowance for doubtful accounts are made monthly and adjustments are made periodically (as circumstances warrant) based upon management’s best estimate of the collectability of such accounts. The Company writes off uncollectible trade accounts receivable when the accounts are determined to be uncollectible. No customer represents more than 10% of consolidated sales.

Inventories

Inventories consist principally of finished goods and are priced at net realizable value, cost being determined using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Provisions are provided against inventories for estimated obsolescence based upon the aging of the inventories and market trends and are applied as a reduction in cost of associated inventory.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are carried on the basis of cost. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Maintenance and repairs of depreciable assets are charged against earnings as incurred. When properties are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and gains or losses are credited or charged to earnings.

The principal estimated useful lives used in determining depreciation are as follows:



Buildings	20-39 years
Building improvements	10-20 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	3-20 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of estimated useful life or related lease term

Impairment of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The Company tests goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company assigns the carrying value of these intangible assets to its "reporting units" and applies the test for goodwill at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is defined as an operating segment or one level below a segment (a "component") if the component is a business and discrete information is prepared and reviewed regularly by segment management.

The Company’s goodwill impairment assessment first permits evaluating qualitative factors to determine if a reporting unit's carrying value would more likely than not exceed its fair value. If the Company concludes, based on the qualitative assessment, that a reporting unit's carrying value would more likely than not exceed its fair value, the Company would perform a quantitative test for that reporting unit. Should the reporting unit's carrying amount exceed the fair value, then an impairment charge for the excess would be recognized. The impairment charge is limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit, and goodwill will not be reduced below zero.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, Excluding Goodwill

The Company tests long-lived assets or asset groups for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to: significant decreases in the market price of the asset; significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors; accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of the asset; current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset; and current expectation that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed significantly before the end of its estimated useful life. Recoverability is assessed based on the carrying amount of the asset and its fair value which is generally determined based on the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and the eventual disposal of the asset, as well as specific appraisal in certain instances. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount is not recoverable and exceeds fair value.

Revenue Recognition

The Company fabricates and assembles custom-made pump packages, remanufactures pumps and manufactures branded private label pumps within our Innovative Pumping Solutions segment. For binding agreements to fabricate tangible assets to customer specifications, the Company recognizes revenues over time when the customer is able to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the benefits of the work performed. This typically occurs when the products have no alternative use for us and we have a right to payment for the work completed to date plus a reasonable profit margin. Contracts generally include cancellation provisions that require the customer to reimburse us for costs incurred through the date of cancellation. We recognize revenue for these contracts using the percentage of completion method, an "input method" as defined by the new standard. Under this method, revenues are recognized as costs are incurred and include estimated profits calculated on the basis of the relationship between costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. If at any time expected costs exceed the value of the contract, the loss is recognized immediately. The typical time span of these contracts is approximately one to two years.

The Service Centers segment provides a wide range of maintenance, repair and operating (MRO) products, equipment and integrated services, including logistics capabilities, to industrial customers. The Supply Chain Services segment provides a wide range of MRO products and manages all or part of a customer's supply chain, including warehouse and inventory management services. Revenue is recognized upon the completion of our performance obligation(s) under the sales agreement. The majority of the Service Centers and Supply Chain Services segment revenues originate from the satisfaction of a single performance obligation, the delivery of products. Revenues are recognized when an agreement is in place, the performance obligations under the contract have been identified, and the price or consideration to be received is fixed and allocated to the performance obligation(s) in the contract. We believe our performance obligation has been satisfied when title passes to the customer or services have been rendered under the contract. Revenues are recorded net of sales taxes.

The Company reserves for potential customer returns based upon the historical level of returns.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-9, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance in August 2015, March 2016, April 2016, May 2016, and December 2016 within ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-8, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20, respectively. The core principle of this new revenue recognition guidance is that a company will recognize revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle. The new guidance also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The new guidance provided for two transition methods, a full retrospective approach and a modified retrospective approach.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method with no impact to opening retained earnings and determined there were no changes required to its reported revenue amounts for prior periods as a result of the adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC Topic 606, while comparative prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The Company has enhanced its disclosures of revenue to comply with the new guidance.

Overview

The Company's primary source of revenue is the sale of products, and service to energy and industrial customers. The Company is organized into three business segments: Service Centers, Supply Chain Services and Innovative Pumping Solutions.

Revenues are recognized when a contract is in place, the performance obligations under the contract have been identified, and the price or consideration to be received is fixed and allocated to the performance obligation(s) in the contract. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. The Company recognizes revenue upon the satisfaction of our performance obligation(s) under its contracts. The timing of revenue recognition varies for the revenue streams described in more detail below. In general, the timing of revenue recognition includes recognition of revenue over time as services are being performed as well as recognition of revenue at a point in time, for delivery of products. Revenues are recorded net of sales taxes. The revenue streams described below cross reporting segments in some instances, but the categories presented have similar products, customer class and timing of cash flows and revenue recognition.

Inventory management services

The Supply Chain Services segment is engaged in providing a wide variety of inventory management services including Service Teams, Sales Engineers, Customer Service Support, Service Center Support and performance Reporting and Communication. These services represent a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer over the contract period, and therefore qualify as a single (combined) performance obligation that is satisfied over time. The customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of our services as they are provided by us. Revenue associated with Inventory Management Services is recognized over the service period.

The transaction price for the inventory management services do not include any consideration that is variable in nature. Accordingly, the transaction price is based on the amount the Company has a right to invoice the customer under the terms of the contract and on the company’s estimate of the standalone sales price for these services at the initiation of the contract. The standalone sales price is established based on the anticipated cost of performing these services, plus the Company’s anticipated profit margin for inventory management services.

Product Sales

The majority of the Service Centers segment and the Supply Chain Services segment revenue originates from the satisfaction of a single performance obligation, the delivery of products. The IPS segment also sells its customers certain products and supplies, however, most of its revenue is generated through pump manufacturing and fabrication described below. We often establish product and service agreements with clients. However, these product and service agreements do not specify the individual goods or services that will ultimately be purchased by the customer. Rather, the product and service agreement establishes an agreement to stand-ready to provide future products and services when they are ordered and therefore is not a contract for revenue recognition purposes under ASC 606. The memorandum of understanding, purchase order or invoice, which lists the goods or services to be provided and the corresponding payment amounts, is the contract under which revenue is recognized.

The Company accounts for all shipping and handling services as fulfillment services in accordance with ASC 606; accordingly, shipping and handling activities is combined with the product deliverable rather than being accounted for as a distinct performance obligation within the terms of the agreement.

The product sales are generally offered to our customers on a cost plus a fixed mark-up percentage basis which varies based on the category of the item being sold. The transaction price for product sales does not include any consideration that is variable in nature. Accordingly, the transaction price is based on the amount the Company has a right to invoice the customer under the terms of the contract. The Company recognizes revenues associated with product sales upon satisfaction of a single performance obligation, delivery, in accordance with the shipping terms, at the contract price, net of sales taxes.

Customized pump production

The Company fabricates and assembles custom-made pump packages, remanufactures pumps and manufactures branded private label pumps within our Innovative Pumping Solutions (IPS) segment. For binding agreements to fabricate tangible assets to customer specifications, the Company recognizes revenues over time when the customer is able to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the benefits of the work performed. This typically occurs when the products have no alternative use for us and we have an enforceable right to payment for the work completed to date plus a reasonable profit margin. Contracts generally include cancellation provisions that require the customer to reimburse us for costs incurred through the date of cancellation. We recognize revenue over time for these contracts using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations, an "input method" as defined by the new standard. Under this method, revenues are recognized as costs are incurred and include estimated profits calculated on the basis of the relationship between costs incurred and total estimated costs at completion. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control of goods and services to customers. If at any time expected costs exceed the value of the contract, the loss is recognized immediately in the period it is identified. The typical time span of these contracts is approximately three to eighteen months.

Staffing services

Within the Service Centers segment, the Company also provides certain customers with safety personnel who are deployed to customer locations to provide emergency response services. The staffing services is a single performance obligation from which clients are able to benefit independently and is billed to the client on a day-rate basis. As our customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit as the service is provided, revenue from staffing services is recognized over time as the service is performed based on the day-rate specified in the contract. The transaction price for staffing does not include any variable consideration.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Under our customized pump production contracts in our IPS segment, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, upon various measures of performance, including achievement of certain milestones, completion of specified units, or completion of a contract. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. Our contract assets are presented as “cost and estimated profits in excess of billings” on our Condsolidated Balance Sheets. However, we sometimes receive advances or deposits from our customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities that are presented as “Billings in excess of costs and estimated profits” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 7 - Costs and Estimated Profits on Uncompleted Contracts.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, $21.3 million of the balances that were previously classified as contract liabilities at the beginning of the period shipped. Contract assets and liability changes were primarily due to normal activity and timing differences between our performance and customer payments.

Practical expedients and elections

We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expense.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. We do not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if at contract inception, the period between when we transfer a promised good to a customer and when the customer pays is expected to be one year or less.

Shipping and Handling Costs

The Company classifies shipping and handling charges billed to customers as sales. Shipping and handling charges paid to others are classified as a component of cost of sales.

Self-insured Insurance and Medical Claims

We generally retain up to $100,000 of risk for each claim for workers compensation, general liability, automobile and property loss. We accrue for the estimated loss on the self-insured portion of these claims. The accrual is adjusted quarterly based upon reported claims information. The actual cost could deviate from the recorded estimate.

We generally retain up to $175,000 of risk on each medical claim for our employees and their dependents with the exception of less than 0.05% of employees where a higher risk is retained. We accrue for the estimated outstanding balance of unpaid medical claims for our employees and their dependents. The accrual is adjusted monthly based on recent claims experience. The actual claims could deviate from recent claims experience and be materially different from the reserve.

Cost of Sales and Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Cost of sales includes product and product related costs, inbound freight charges, internal transfer costs and depreciation. Selling, general and administrative expense includes purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, warehousing costs, depreciation and amortization.

Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities. Such deferred income tax asset and liability computations are based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to periods in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized under a more likely than not criterion.

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

A position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return is recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e. a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local tax examination by tax authorities for years prior to 2012. The Company's policy is to recognize interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as interest expense and penalties as operating expenses. The Company believes that it has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken and to be taken on its tax returns and that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open years based on an assessment of many factors including past experience and interpretations of tax law applied to the facts of each matter.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income and foreign currency translation adjustments. The Company’s other comprehensive (loss) income is comprised of changes in the market value of an investment with quoted market prices in an active market for identical instruments and translation adjustments from translating foreign subsidiaries to the reporting currency. Comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2016 was reduced by an $8.6 million charge recorded during the fourth quarter of 2016 to correct errors which accumulated during 2013, 2014 and 2015 due to the Company improperly recognizing an $8.6 million deferred tax asset on unrealized foreign currency losses not expected to be realized within one year. We assessed the materiality of this misstatement and concluded the misstatement was not material to the results of operations or financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Out-of-Period Items

Deferred tax liabilities related to intangibles for customer relationships acquired in Canada during 2012 and 2013 were reduced by $2.2 million during the fourth quarter of 2017 to correct the tax rate used to establish the deferred tax liabilities at the dates of acquisition. The Company evaluated the misstatement of each period since these acquisitions were completed and concluded the effects were immaterial.