485APOS 1 d847140d485apos.htm 485APOS 485APOS
Table of Contents

As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on December 23, 2019

File Nos. 811-07763

333-10015

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

 

FORM N-1A

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

    
  Pre-Effective Amendment No.     
       Post-Effective Amendment No. 89     
 

and/or

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

  
  THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940     
 

Amendment No. 90

(Check appropriate box or boxes)

    

 

 

LITMAN GREGORY FUNDS TRUST

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

 

1676 N. California Blvd., Suite 500, Walnut Creek, California 94596

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(925) 254-8999

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

 

 

 

Jeremy L. DeGroot

1676 N. California Blvd., Suite 500

Walnut Creek, California 94596

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

Copies of Communications to:

David A. Hearth, Esq.

Paul Hastings LLP

101 California Street, 48th Floor

San Francisco, California 94111

 

 

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable following effectiveness.

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)

 

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)

60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The securities described herein may not be sold until the registration statement becomes effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state in which the offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful.

 

LITMAN GREGORY FUNDS TRUST

 

LOGO

 

Prospectus

(Share Class – Ticker Symbol)

Masters Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund - Institutional Class - [    ]

[                ], 2020

 

LOGO

 

As with all mutual funds, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these securities, nor has the SEC judged whether the information in this Prospectus is accurate or adequate. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the SEC, paper copies of the Litman Gregory Funds Trust’s (the “Trust”) shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from the Trust or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Trust’s website at www.mastersfunds.com, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change; and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Trust or your financial intermediary electronically by notifying your financial intermediary directly or, if you are a direct investor, by calling 1-800-960-0188.

You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your reports. If you invest directly with the Trust, you can call 1-800-960-0188. Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all Funds in the Trust or held with your financial intermediary.


Table of Contents

Table of Contents

 

Summary Section

   2

Summary of Other Important Information Regarding the Fund

   5

Transaction Policies

   5

Tax Information

   5

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

   5

Description of Principal Investment Risks

   6

Fund Management and Investment Style

   9

The Advisor

   9

The Sub-Advisor

   10

Shareholder Services

   12

Index Descriptions

   18

Financial Highlights

   19

For More Information

  Back Cover

 

                 


Table of Contents

Masters Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund

 

Summary Section

Investment Objective

 

The Masters Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund (the “Fund”) seeks long-term growth of capital; that is, the increase in the value of your investment over the long term.

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

 

     Institutional
Class
 
    None  

Annual Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

     Institutional
Class
 

Management Fees

    1.00%  

Distribution and or Service (12b-1) Fees

    None  

Other Expenses(1)

    0.19%  
 

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

    1.19%  

Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2)

    0.20%  

 

 

 

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2)

    0.99%  
 

 

 

 

 

(1)

“Other Expenses” have been estimated for the current fiscal year. Actual expenses may be different.

 

(2)

Litman Gregory Fund Advisors, LLC (“Litman Gregory”), the advisor to the Fund, has contractually agreed to limit the Fund’s operating expenses (including management fees payable to Litman Gregory but excluding any taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, borrowing costs (including commitment fees), dividend expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and extraordinary expenses such as but not limited to litigation costs) through [    ] (unless otherwise sooner terminated) to an annual rate of [    ]% for the Institutional Class (the “Operating Expense Limitation”). Because operating expenses do not include dividend and interest expense, which fluctuates depending on the portfolio composition, the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement disclosed in this table may exceed the Operating Expense Limitation. This agreement may be renewed for additional periods not exceeding one (1) year and may be terminated by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of Litman Gregory Funds Trust (the “Trust”) upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to Litman Gregory. Litman Gregory may also decline to renew this agreement by written notice to the Trust at least thirty (30) days before the renewal date. Any fee waiver or expense reimbursement made by Litman Gregory pursuant to this agreement is subject to the repayment by the Fund only within three (3) years of the date such amounts were waived or reimbursed, provided that the repayment does not cause the Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense limitation applicable at the time of that fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement or (ii) the expense limitation in effect at the time of repayment, and the repayment is approved by the Board. Litman Gregory has contractually agreed through April 30, 2021, to waive a portion of its advisory fees so that after paying all of the sub-advisory fees, the net advisory fee as a percentage of the Fund’s daily net assets retained by Litman Gregory is 0.99%. This agreement may be terminated at any time by the Board of the Trust upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to Litman Gregory, and Litman Gregory may decline to renew this agreement at its expiration on April 30, 2021 by written notice to the Trust at least thirty (30) days before the agreement’s annual expiration date. While Litman Gregory has waived its right to receive reimbursement of the portion of its advisory fees waived pursuant to this agreement, Litman Gregory may be reimbursed for non-advisory related expenses.

Example

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes

that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The cost for the Fund reflects the net expenses of the Fund that result from the contractual expense limitation in the first year only (through [    ]). Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

     One Year     Three Years  

Institutional Class

  $ 101     $ 358  

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares of the Fund are held in a taxable account as compared to shares in investment companies that hold investments for a longer period. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, no portfolio turnover figures are available as of the date of the prospectus.

Principal Strategies

 

Litman Gregory Fund Advisors, LLC, the advisor to the Fund, believes that it is possible to identify investment managers who, over a market cycle, will deliver superior returns relative to their peer groups. Litman Gregory also believes it can identify skilled stock pickers who, within their more diversified portfolios, have higher confidence in the return potential of some stocks than others. Litman Gregory believes a portfolio comprised only of these managers’ “higher confidence” stocks should outperform their more diversified portfolios over a market cycle.

Based on these beliefs, the Fund’s strategy is to engage a proven manager as sub-advisor (the “manager” or “sub-advisor’), with the manager investing in the securities of smaller companies that it believes have strong appreciation potential. Under normal market conditions, the sub-advisor manages a portfolio typically composed of between 20 and 40 stocks. Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, in securities of small-sized U.S. value companies, as measured by market capitalization at the time of acquisition. The manager may invest up to 15% of the Fund’s net assets in the securities of foreign companies, including emerging markets. By executing this strategy, the Fund seeks to:

 

  leverage the efforts of an experienced, high quality manager;

 

  access the favorite stock-picking ideas of the manager at any point in time; and

 

  deliver a portfolio that is prudently diversified in terms of stocks (typically 20 to 40) and industries while still allowing the manager to focus on only its favorite stocks.
 

 

 
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Litman Gregory defines a “small company” as one whose market capitalization falls below the market capitalization of the largest company in the Russell 2000® Index, which, as of December 31, 2019, was $[25.5] billion. The Russell 2000® Index measures the performance of 2,000 small-sized companies with market capitalizations averaging $[5.4] billion as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, the largest company in the Russell 2000® Index had a market capitalization of $[8.7] billion. Value stocks are those that are believed to be undervalued in comparison to their peers due to adverse business developments or other factors. Value companies include, but are not limited to, those companies in the Russell 2000® Value Index.

Generally, a security may be sold: (1) if the manager believes the security’s market price exceeds the manager’s estimate of intrinsic value; (2) if the manager’s view of the business fundamentals or management of the underlying company changes; (3) if a more attractive investment opportunity is found; (4) if general market conditions trigger a change in the manager’s assessment criteria; or (5) for other portfolio management reasons. The Fund’s investment manager may trade its portfolio frequently.

Principal Risks

 

Investment in stocks exposes shareholders of the Fund to the risk of losing money if the value of the stocks held by the Fund declines during the period an investor owns shares in the Fund. The following risks could affect the value of your investment. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s net asset value per share, total return and/or ability to meet its objective.

 

  Smaller Companies Risk. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the securities of small- and, at times, mid-sized companies. Securities of small-cap companies are generally more volatile and less liquid than the securities of large-cap companies. This is because small companies may be more reliant on a few products, services or key personnel, which can make it riskier than investing in larger companies with more diverse product lines and structured management.

 

  Value Stock Risk. Value stocks are stocks of companies that may have experienced adverse business or industry developments or may be subject to special risks that have caused the stocks to be out of favor and, in the opinion of the manager, undervalued. The value of a security believed by the manager to be undervalued may never reach what is believed to be its full (intrinsic) value, or such security’s value may decrease.

 

  Equity Securities Risk. This is the risk that the value of equity securities may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, due to factors affecting the general market, an entire industry or sector, or particular companies. These factors include, without limitation, adverse changes in economic conditions, the general outlook for corporate
   

earnings, interest rates or investor sentiment; increases in production costs; and significant management decisions. This risk is greater for small- and medium-sized companies, which tend to be more vulnerable to adverse developments than larger companies.

 

  Foreign Investment Risk. This is the risk that an investment in foreign (non-U.S.) securities may cause the Fund to experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than a fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies, due to factors such as currency conversion rate fluctuations, and the political and economic climates and differences in financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards in the foreign countries where the Fund invests or has exposure.

 

  Emerging Markets Risk: This is the risk that the value of the Fund’s emerging markets investments will decline due to the greater degree of economic, political and social instability of emerging or developing countries as compared to developed countries.

 

  Currency Risk: This is the risk that foreign currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar and affect the Fund’s investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies.

 

  Large Shareholder Purchase and Redemption Risk. The Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Such large shareholder redemptions may cause the Fund to sell its securities at times when it would not otherwise do so, which may negatively impact the Fund’s net asset value and liquidity. Similarly, large share purchases may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing new cash and is required to maintain a larger cash position than it ordinarily would. In addition, a large redemption could result in the Fund’s current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio.

 

  Market Risk. As with all mutual funds that invest in common stocks, the value of an individual’s investment will fluctuate daily in response to the performance of the individual stocks held in the Fund. The stock market has been subject to significant volatility recently, which has increased the risks associated with an investment in the Fund.

 

  Investment Selection Risk. The specific investments held in the Fund’s investment portfolio may underperform other funds in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the general performance of the asset class because of a portfolio manager’s choice of securities.

 

  Portfolio Turnover Risk. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities, which may result in adverse tax consequences to the Fund’s shareholders as compared to shareholders in investment companies that hold investments for a longer period.
 

 

 
Fund Summary         3


Table of Contents

Masters Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund — (Continued)

 

Performance

 

The Fund has not commenced investment operations. Once the Fund has a performance record of at least one calendar year, a bar chart and performance table will be included in this Prospectus. Updated performance information is available on the Fund’s website at www.mastersfunds.com.

 

 

Management

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISOR   PORTFOLIO MANAGER   

MANAGED THE

FUND SINCE:

Litman Gregory Fund Advisors, LLC   Jeremy DeGroot, CFA, President of the Trust, Principal, Chief Investment Officer and Co-Portfolio Manager        2020  
    Jack Chee, Principal, Senior Research Analyst and
Co-Portfolio Manager
       2020  
SUB-ADVISOR   PORTFOLIO MANAGER   

MANAGED THE

FUND SINCE:

[        ]            2020  

For important information about the purchase and sale of Fund shares, tax information and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to the “Summary of Other Important Information Regarding the Fund” section on page 5 of this Prospectus.

 

 
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Summary of Other Important Information Regarding the Fund

 

Transaction Policies

 

You may purchase, redeem or exchange Fund shares on any business day by written request via mail (Litman Gregory Funds Trust, c/o DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., P.O. Box 219922, Kansas City, MO 64121-9922), by wire transfer, by telephone at 1-800-960-0188, or through a financial intermediary. The minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts for the Fund are shown below.

 

Fund/Type of Account  

Minimum
Initial

Investment

   

Minimum
Additional

Investment

   

Minimum

Account
Balance

 

Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund

 

Regular

     

- Institutional Class

    $10,000       $250       $2,500  

Retirement Account

     

- Institutional Class

    $1,000       $100       $250  

Automatic Investment Account

     

- Institutional Class

    $2,500       $250       $2,500  

Tax Information

 

Depending on the character of income distributed, the Fund’s distributions will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal from those accounts.

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and/or Litman Gregory may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

 

 
Summary of Other Important Information Regarding the Fund         5


Table of Contents

Description of Principal Investment Risks

 

All mutual funds carry a certain amount of risk. The Fund’s returns will vary, and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured, endorsed or guaranteed by any financial institution, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or any other government agency. The principal risks for the Fund are identified in the Fund’s Summary Section and are described in further detail below. Additional information about the principal risks is included in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”).

 

Currency Risk   The Fund may invest in foreign currencies for hedging purposes. Investing in foreign currencies exposes the fund to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between different currencies may negatively affect an investment.
Cybersecurity Risk   Information and technology systems relied upon by the Fund, Litman Gregory, the sub-advisor, the Fund’s service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, transfer agents, administrators, distributors and other financial intermediaries) and/or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons, security breaches, usage errors, power outages and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes. Although Litman Gregory has implemented measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, if these systems are compromised, become inoperable for extended periods of time or cease to function properly, significant investment may be required to fix or replace them. The failure of these systems and/or of disaster recovery plans could cause significant interruptions in the operations of the Fund, Litman Gregory, the sub-advisor, the Fund’s service providers and/or issuers of securities in which the Fund invests and may result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to investors (and the beneficial owners of investors). Such a failure could also harm the reputation of the Fund, Litman Gregory, the sub-advisor, the Fund’s service providers and/or issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, subject such entities and their respective affiliates to legal claims or otherwise affect their business and financial performance.
Emerging Markets Risk   Emerging market countries are those with immature economic and political structures, and investing in emerging markets entails greater risk than in developed markets. Emerging markets may be under-capitalized, have less developed legal and financial systems or have less stable currencies than markets in the developed world. Emerging market securities are securities that are issued by companies with their principal place of business or principal office in an emerging market country; or securities issued by companies for which the principal securities trading market is an emerging market country. Emerging market securities typically present even greater exposure to the risks described under “Foreign Investment and Emerging Markets Risk” and may be particularly sensitive to certain economic changes. For example, emerging market countries are more often dependent on international trade and are therefore often vulnerable to recessions in other countries. Emerging markets may have obsolete financial systems and volatile currencies, and may be more sensitive than more mature markets to a variety of economic factors. Emerging market securities also may be less liquid than securities of more developed countries and could be difficult to sell, particularly during a market downturn. The Fund defines an emerging market country as any country that is included in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index.
Equity Securities Risk   The value of equity securities may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unexpectedly, due to various factors, including factors affecting the general market, such as adverse changes in economic conditions, the general outlook for corporate earnings, interest rates or investor sentiment. Equity securities may also lose value because of factors affecting an entire industry or sector, such as increases in production costs, and factors directly related to a specific company, such as significant decisions made by its management. Certain equity securities may decline in value even during periods when the prices of equity securities in general are rising, or may not perform as well as the market in general. The prices of equity securities may also experience greater volatility during periods of challenging market conditions such as the one that the market recently experienced. This risk is greater for small- and medium-sized companies, which tend to be more vulnerable to adverse developments than larger companies.

 

 
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Foreign Investment Risk   Investing in foreign (non-U.S) securities may expose the Fund to risks not typically associated with U.S. investments. These risks include, among others, adverse fluctuations in currency conversion rate, currency blockages, and adverse political, social and economic developments affecting a foreign country. In addition, foreign securities may have less publicly available information and may be more volatile and/or less liquid. Investments in foreign securities could also be affected by factors such as differences in financial reporting, accounting and auditing standards, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, smaller and less-strict regulation of securities markets, restrictions on receiving investment proceeds from a foreign country, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. These risks are greater in the emerging markets. Additional information about the risks of emerging markets is described under “Emerging Markets Risk.”
Investment Selection Risk   The specific investments held in the Fund’s investment portfolio may underperform other funds in the same asset class or benchmarks that are representative of the general performance of the asset class because of a portfolio manager’s choice of securities.
Large Shareholder Purchase and Redemption Risk   The Fund is subject to the risk of large shareholder purchases and redemptions. The Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Such large shareholder redemptions may cause the Fund to sell its securities at times when it would not otherwise do so, which may negatively impact the Fund’s net asset value and liquidity. Similarly, large share purchases may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing new cash and is required to maintain a larger cash position than it ordinarily would. In addition, a large redemption could result in the Fund’s current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio.
Market Risk   The market prices of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value or become illiquid due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value or liquidity of a security may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. Securities may also decline or become illiquid due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline or become illiquid in value simultaneously.
Portfolio Turnover Risk   High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities, which may result in adverse tax consequences to the Fund’s shareholders. Certain of the Fund’s investment strategies may result in it having higher portfolio turnover rates. Higher portfolio turnover may cause the Fund to experience increased transaction costs, dealer markups, brokerage expenses and other acquisition costs, and may cause shareholders to incur increased taxes on their investment in the Fund as compared to shareholders in investment companies that hold investments for longer periods. The portfolio managers do not consider portfolio turnover rate a limiting factor in making investment decisions on behalf of the Fund consistent with its investment objective and policies. Variations in portfolio turnover rates may be due to fluctuations in shareholder purchase, exchange and redemption transactions, market conditions or changes in the portfolio manager’s outlook.

 

 
Description of Principal Investment Risks         7


Table of Contents

Description of Principal Investment Risks — (Continued)

 

Short Sale Risk   The Fund may sell securities short. The Fund may suffer a loss if it sells a security short and the value of the security does not go down as expected. The risk of loss is theoretically unlimited if the value of the security sold short continues to increase. Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it may be compelled to buy the security sold short (also known as “covering” the short position) at a time when the security has appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund. The Fund’s investment performance may also suffer if it is required to close out a short position earlier than it had intended. In addition, the Fund may be subject to expenses related to short sales that are not typically associated with investing in securities directly, such as costs of borrowing. These expenses may negatively impact the performance of the Fund. To meet current margin requirements, the Fund is required to deposit with the broker additional cash or securities so that the total deposit with the broker is maintained daily at 150% of the current market value of the securities sold short.
Smaller Companies Risk   Securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations are generally more volatile and less liquid than the securities of large-capitalization companies. Small- and mid-sized companies may be more reliant on a few products, services or key personnel, which can make it riskier than investing in larger companies with more diverse product lines and structured management. Smaller companies may have no or relatively short operating histories or may be newer public companies. Some of these companies have aggressive capital structures, including high debt levels, or are involved in rapidly growing or changing industries and/or new technologies, which pose additional risks.
Technology Investment Risk   The technology sector is a very volatile segment of the market. The nature of technology is that it is rapidly changing. Therefore, products or services that may initially look promising may subsequently fail or become obsolete. In addition, many technology companies are younger, smaller and unseasoned companies which may not have established products, an experienced management team, or earnings history.
Value Stock Risk   Value stocks are stocks of companies that may have experienced adverse business or industry developments or may be subject to special risks that have caused the stocks to be out of favor and, in the opinion of the manager, undervalued. The value of a security believed by the manager to be undervalued may never reach what is believed to be its full (intrinsic) value, or such security’s value may decrease.

 

 
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Fund Management and Investment Style

 

The Advisor

 

The Fund is managed by Litman Gregory Fund Advisors, LLC (“Litman Gregory”), 1676 N. California Blvd., Suite 500, Walnut Creek, California 94596. Litman Gregory has overall responsibility for assets under management, recommends the selection of managers as sub-advisors of the Fund (each, a “manager” or “sub-advisor”) to the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of the Litman Gregory Funds Trust (the “Trust”), evaluates the performance of the managers, monitors changes at the managers’ organizations that may impact their abilities to deliver superior future performance, determines when to rebalance the managers’ assets and the amount of cash equivalents (if any) that may be held in addition to cash in the managers’ portfolios, coordinates with the managers with respect to diversification and tax issues and oversees the operational aspects of the Fund.

Jeremy DeGroot is Chairman of the Board of Trustees and President of the Trust, and a Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund. He is also a Principal and Member of Litman Gregory Asset Management, LLC (“LGAM”), a research-oriented money management firm that wholly owns and provides research to Litman Gregory, and serves as its Chief Investment Officer. Prior to joining LGAM in 1999, DeGroot was a Manager in KPMG Peat Marwick’s Economic Consulting Services practice in 1998. From 1989 to 1997, he was a Senior Economist with the Law & Economics Consulting Group, Inc., providing economics and financial analysis to Fortune 500 clients. He has a Master’s degree in Economics from the University of California Berkeley.

Jack Chee is an Assistant Secretary of the Trust and a Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund. He is also a Principal and Member of LGAM and serves as a Senior Research Analyst at the Advisor. Prior to joining LGAM in 2000, Chee was a Mutual Fund Analyst with Value Line Mutual Fund Survey. He has a BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University.

DeGroot and Chee are the individuals at Litman Gregory primarily responsible for monitoring the day-to-day activities of the portfolio managers at the sub-advisor and for overseeing all aspects of Litman Gregory’s responsibilities with respect to the Fund.

Asset Level Limitations

 

Litman Gregory believes that high levels of assets under management can be detrimental to certain investment strategies. Litman Gregory also believes that relatively low levels of assets under management can provide flexibility to skilled investment managers that under certain circumstances may contribute positively to returns. It is Litman Gregory’s belief that asset levels are particularly relevant to the Fund given its concentrated investment strategy. Because of this belief, the Fund may be closed to new shareholders, with certain exceptions approved by the Board, at asset levels that Litman Gregory and the sub-advisor believe to be optimal in allowing for a high degree of flexibility on a per-sub-advisor basis. Alternatively, additional sub-advisors may be added to

the Fund to expand capacity in order to avoid closing to new shareholders or to avoid “hard closing” to existing shareholders. Litman Gregory will add a new sub-advisor only if, in its opinion, the sub-advisor has the exceptional stock-picking skill and other traits Litman Gregory requires of the existing managers.

Sub-Advisor Evaluation and Selection

 

Litman Gregory is responsible for hiring and removing sub-advisors. Before hiring a sub-advisor, Litman Gregory performs extensive due diligence. This includes quantitative and qualitative analysis, including (but not limited to) an evaluation of: the investment process, the consistency of its execution and discipline; individual holdings; strategies employed, past mistakes, risk controls, team depth and quality; operations and compliance; and business focus and vision. Litman Gregory’s evaluation process includes review of literature and documents, quantitative historical performance evaluation, extensive discussions with members of the investment team and firm management and background checks through industry contacts. The sub-advisor’s management fee is also an important consideration. It is Litman Gregory’s objective to hire a sub-advisor who it believes is skilled and can deliver strong market cycle returns when taking risk into account. Litman Gregory defines a “market cycle” as the movement from a period of increasing prices and strong performance, or bull market, through a period of weak performance and falling prices, or bear market, and back again to new strength. A full market cycle is usually three to five years, but can vary considerably. The top of a cycle is called a peak and the bottom a trough. Litman Gregory generally assesses the long-term growth of an investment by considering the increase in the value of the investment over a period greater than five years. Generally, Litman Gregory prefers managers who it believes will be able to add value through security selection from a risk/return perspective. Litman Gregory is responsible for the general overall supervision of the sub-advisor.

In the event a manager ceases to manage a segment of a Fund’s portfolio, Litman Gregory will select a replacement manager. The securities that were held in the departing manager’s portfolio may be retained by the replacement manager of the Fund or will be liquidated in an orderly manner, taking into account various factors, which may include but are not limited to the market for the security and the potential tax consequences..

The SAI provides additional information about the compensation of each portfolio manager at the sub-advisor, other accounts managed by each portfolio manager, and each such portfolio manager’s ownership of securities of the Fund.

Temporary Defensive Positions: Under unusual market conditions or for temporary defensive purposes, a substantial part of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in cash or short-term, high-quality debt securities. To the extent that the Fund assumes a temporary defensive position, it may not achieve its investment objective during that time. Defensive positions may be initiated by the individual portfolio managers or by Litman Gregory.

 

 

 
Fund Management and Investment Style         9


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Fund Management and Investment Style — (Continued)

 

Multi-Manager Exemptive Order: The Trust and Litman Gregory have obtained an exemptive order from the SEC that permits Litman Gregory, subject to certain conditions, to hire, terminate and replace managers with the approval of the Board only and without shareholder approval. Within 60 days of the hiring of any new manager or the implementation of any proposed material change in a sub-advisory agreement with an existing manager, shareholders will be furnished information about the new manager or sub-advisory agreement that would be included in a proxy statement. The order also permits a Fund to disclose sub-advisory fees only in the aggregate in its registration statement. Pursuant to the order, shareholder approval is required before Litman Gregory enters into any sub-advisory agreement with a manager that is affiliated with the Funds or Litman Gregory.

Portfolio Holdings Information

 

A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures regarding disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings can be found in the SAI, which can be obtained free of charge by contacting the Fund’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) at 1-800-960-0188.

Advisory Fees

 

The Fund pays a monthly investment advisory fee to Litman Gregory based on that Fund’s average daily net assets. The table below illustrates the base fee rates payable to Litman Gregory and the reduced fee rates payable on assets in excess of certain levels (breakpoints).

 

Fund  

Advisory Fee

(as a percentage of net assets)

Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund

  First $750 million        1.0%
    Over $750 million        0.90%

Litman Gregory, not the Fund, is responsible for payment of the sub-advisory fee to the manager.

Pursuant to an Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement (the “Expenses Limitation Agreement”), Litman Gregory has agreed to limit the operating expenses of the Fund, through [    ] (unless otherwise sooner terminated), to an annual rate of [    ]% for the Institutional Class. Any fee waiver or expense reimbursement made by Litman Gregory pursuant to the Expenses Limitation Agreement is subject to the repayment by the Fund only within three (3) years, provided that the repayment does not cause the Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense limitation applicable at the time of that fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement or (ii) the expense limitation in effect at the time of repayment, and the repayment is approved by the Board. Operating expenses referred to in this paragraph include management fees payable to Litman Gregory but exclude any taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, borrowing costs (including commitment fees), dividend expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and extraordinary expenses such as but not limited to litigation costs.

 

A discussion regarding the Board’s basis for approving the Fund’s investment advisory agreements with Litman Gregory and the sub-advisor will be available in the Fund’s first Annual Report or Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders following the effective date of the Fund’s registration statement.

The Sub-Advisor

 

Litman Gregory’s strategy is to allocate the portfolio’s assets to the Fund’s sub-advisor who, based on Litman Gregory’s research, is judged to be among the best in its style group. The sub-advisor manages the portfolio by building a focused portfolio representing its highest-confidence stocks. Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of small-sized U.S. value companies. This investment policy may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval, but shareholders would be given at least 60 days’ notice if any change occurs. Though the total number of securities the Fund may hold at any point in time will vary, it is generally expected that the Fund will hold between 20 and 40 equity securities.

As used in this Prospectus, Litman Gregory defines a “Small Company” as one whose market capitalization falls within the range of market capitalizations of any company in the Russell 2000® Index, as of the most recent reconstitution. Though the primary capitalization focus of the Fund is in the small-cap sector, Litman Gregory does not believe that small-cap investors should be forced to sell a stock that appreciates beyond the upper thresholds of the small-cap range if the stock picker continues to maintain a high level of conviction with respect to the holding. This has been a problem with many small-cap funds, as they have, at times, been forced to sell some of their most compelling holdings. Overall, Litman Gregory expects the majority of the Fund’s holdings at any point in time to meet the definition of a Small Company; however, the Fund will not be required to sell any company if its market capitalization grows and exceeds the market capitalization of the largest company in the Russell 2000® Index.

Masters Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund Portfolio Managers

 

[        ]

The SAI provides additional information about the sub-advisor’s method of compensation for its portfolio managers, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Fund.

Prior Performance for Similar Accounts Managed by the Sub-Advisor

 

The following tables set forth performance data relating to the historical performance of all private accounts and limited partnerships managed by the Sub-Advisor for the periods indicated that have investment objectives, policies, strategies

 

 

 
10       Litman Gregory Funds Trust


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and risks substantially similar to those of the Fund. The data is provided to illustrate the past performance of the Sub-Advisor in managing substantially similar accounts as measured against a market index and does not represent the performance of the Fund. You should not consider this performance data as an indication of future performance of the Fund.

The private accounts and limited partnerships that are included in the performance data set forth below are not subject to the same types of expenses to which the Fund is subject, or to the diversification requirements, specific tax restrictions and investment limitations imposed on the Fund by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Consequently, the performance results for these private accounts or limited partnerships could have been adversely affected if the private accounts and limited partnerships had been regulated as investment companies under the federal securities laws.

 

[        ] Small Cap Value Composite

Average Annual Total Returns

For the Periods Ended [    ]

 

 

 

     One Year     Five Years     Since Inception  

[        ] Small Cap Value Composite Returns(1)

                       

Net of fees / expenses*

    [     ]%      [     ]%      [     ]% 

Gross of fees / expenses

    [     ]%      [     ]%      [     ]% 

Russell 2000® Value Index

    [     ]%      [     ]%      [     ]% 

 

*

The net returns for the composite are shown net of all fees and expenses. The fees and expenses of accounts included in the composite are lower than the anticipated operating expenses of the Fund and, accordingly, the performance results of the composite are higher than what the Fund’s performance would have been.

 

(1)

The composite performance does not represent the historical performance of the Fund and should not be interpreted as being indicative of the future performance of the Fund.

 

[        ] is an independent registered investment advisor established in 1994. [        ] manages a variety of equity and fixed income assets for primarily U.S. clients. [        ] has prepared and presented the foregoing reports in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®), which differs from the SEC method of calculating performance. The GIPS are a set of standardized, industry wide principles that provide investment firms with guidance on how to calculate and report their investment results. The GIPS total return is calculated by using a methodology that incorporates the time-weighted rate of return concept for all assets, which removes the effects of cash flows. The SEC standardized total return is calculated using a standard formula that uses the average annual total return assuming reinvestment of dividends and distributions and deduction of sales loads or charges.

The net of fees composite returns are net of management fees, trading commissions, and transaction costs and reflect the reinvestment of all income. Actual fees may vary depending on, among other things, the applicable management fee schedule and portfolio size. The Standard Institutional Investment Fee Schedules are as follows:

Management Fees

 

 

[        ] Small Cap Value Strategy   

0.90% on the first $25 million of assets,

0.80% on the next $25 million of assets and

0.65% over $50 million of assets

A complete list of [        ] composites and performance results is available upon request.

 

 

 
Fund Management and Investment Style         11


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Shareholder Services

 

The Fund is a no-load fund, which means that you pay no sales commissions of any kind. Each business day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open, the Fund calculates its share price, which is also called the Fund’s NAV per share. Shares are purchased at the next share price calculated after your accepted investment is received. Share price is calculated as of the close of the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

Eligibility

The Fund is not registered for sale outside of the United States and are available for purchase only by residents of the United States of America, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Description of Classes

The Trust has adopted a multiple class plan. The Fund offers a single class of shares – Institutional Class shares – in this Prospectus. Institutional Class shares are not charged a Rule 12b-1 distribution and servicing fee, and are sold with no sales load.

How to Buy Shares

 

Step 1

 

The first step is to determine the type of account you wish to open. The following types of accounts are available to investors:

Individual or Joint Accounts

For your general investment needs:

Individual accounts are owned by one person. Joint accounts can have two or more owners (tenants).

Retirement Accounts

Retirement accounts allow individuals to shelter investment income and capital gains from current taxes. In addition, contributions to these accounts may be tax deductible. Retirement accounts (such as individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”), rollover IRAs, Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) plans and Roth IRAs) require specific applications and typically have lower minimums.

Other retirement plans, such as Keogh or corporate profit-sharing plans, 403(b) plans and 401(k) plans, may invest in the Fund. All of these accounts need to be established by the plan’s trustee. The Fund does not offer versions of these plans.

If you are investing through a tax-sheltered retirement plan, such as an IRA, for the first time, you will need an IRA Application and Adoption Agreement. Retirement investing also involves separate investment procedures.

Gifts or Transfers to Minors (UGMA and UTMA)

To invest for a child’s education or other future needs:

These custodial accounts provide a way to give money to a child and obtain tax benefits. An individual can give up to a statutorily-defined amount per year per child without paying a federal gift tax. Such amount is subject to change each year. For 2019, the amount is $15,000. Depending on state laws, you

can set up a custodial account under the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (“UGMA”) or the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (“UTMA”).

Trust

For money being invested by a trust:

The trust must be established before an account can be opened. The Fund may require additional documentation regarding the formation of the trust prior to establishing an account.

Business or Organization

For investment needs of corporations, associations, partnerships or other groups:

The Fund does not require a special application. However, the Fund may require additional information prior to establishing an account.

Step 2

 

How to Choose a Share Class

Before you buy shares in any Litman Gregory Masters Fund, you need to decide which class of shares best suits your needs. The Fund offers a single class of shares – Institutional Class shares – in this Prospectus. Other Litman Gregory Masters Funds offer two classes of shares – Institutional Class shares and Investor Class shares – which are offered through a separate prospectus. Each class is essentially identical in legal rights and invests in the same portfolio of securities. The difference in the fee structures between the classes for a Fund is primarily the result of their separate arrangements for shareholder and distribution services and is not the result of any difference in the amounts charged by Litman Gregory for investment advisory services. Accordingly, the investment advisory expenses do not vary by class for a Fund.

Institutional Class Shares

Institutional Class shares may be appropriate if you intend to make your own investment decisions and will invest directly with the Fund.

Step 3

 

The third step involves determining the amount of your investment. The Fund has established the following minimum investment levels for your initial investment, additional investments and ongoing account balances for the Fund:

 

Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund

 

Type of Account  

Minimum
Initial

Investment

   

Minimum
Additional

Investment

   

Minimum

Account
Balance

 
Regular      

- Institutional Class

  $ 10,000     $ 250     $ 2,500  
Retirement Account      

- Institutional Class

  $ 1,000     $ 100     $ 250  
Automatic Investment Account      

- Institutional Class

  $ 2,500     $ 250     $ 2,500  
 

 

 
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Litman Gregory may waive the minimum investment from time to time in its discretion.

Step 4

 

The fourth step involves completing your application to open your account. All shareholders must complete and sign an application in order to establish their account. The type of application depends on the type of account you chose to open. Regular investment accounts, including individual, joint tenant, UGMA, UTMA, business, or trust accounts, must complete the Fund’s standard account application. Shareholders who wish to establish retirement accounts must complete the IRA application and adoption agreement. Shareholders who wish to transfer retirement holdings from another custodian must also complete the IRA Transfer of Assets Form. Be sure to complete the section of the account application indicating the amount you are investing in the Fund.

Step 5

 

The final step in opening your account is to mail the completed account application, along with your check payable to the Litman Gregory Masters Funds. The Fund does not accept third-party checks, money orders, cashiers checks, starter checks, official bank checks, credit cards, cash or checks or wires from foreign financial institutions. If you send any of these instruments, your purchase order will be rejected, and your investment in the Fund will be delayed.

The mailing addresses for the Fund are:

 

For Regular Delivery:

Litman Gregory Funds Trust

c/o

DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc.

P.O. Box 219922

Kansas City, MO 64121-9922

For Overnight Delivery:

Litman Gregory Funds Trust

c/o

DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc.

330 West Ninth Street

Kansas City, MO 64105

 

 

In compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, please note that the Transfer Agent will verify certain information on your account application as part of the Fund’s Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program. Until such verification is made, the Fund may temporarily limit share purchases. As requested on the application, you should supply your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address. If you are opening an account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., a partnership, limited liability company, business trust, corporation, etc.), you must also supply the identity of the beneficial owners. Mailing addresses containing only a P.O. Box will not be accepted. Your information will be handled by us as discussed in our privacy notice. Please contact the Transfer Agent at 1-800-960-0188 if you need additional assistance when completing your application.

If you wish to open or add to your account by wire, please call 1-800-960-0188 for instructions.

 

After your account is open, you may increase the amount of your investment by:

 

  Mailing a check to the above addresses along with a letter or the form at the bottom of your account statement. Be sure to put your account number on your check and in your letter, and please refer to Step 4 above for a list of instruments that will not be accepted for investment.

 

  Wiring money from your bank. Call 1-800-960-0188 for instructions.

 

  Making automatic investments if you signed up for the Automatic Investment Plan when you opened your account.

How to Sell Shares

 

You can arrange to take money out of your account at any time by selling (redeeming) some or all of your shares. Your shares will be sold at the next NAV per share (share price) calculated after your order is received.

To sell shares in a non-retirement account, you may use any of the methods described in this section. To sell shares in a retirement account, your request must be made in writing.

Certain requests must include a medallion guarantee. This is designed to protect you and the Fund from fraud. Your request must be made in writing and include a medallion guarantee if any of the following situations apply:

 

  You wish to redeem more than $25,000 worth of shares.

 

  Your account registration information has changed within the past 30 days.

 

  The redemption check is being mailed to a different address from the one on your account (address of record).

 

  The check is being made payable to someone other than the account owner.

Please note that there may be other special cases in which a Medallion Guarantee may be required. Each signature must be guaranteed by an eligible signature guarantor, which must participate in the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (STAMP), the leading signature guarantee program recognized by all major financial service associations throughout the United States and Canada. You should be able to obtain a medallion guarantee from a bank, broker-dealer, credit union (if authorized under state law), securities exchange or association, clearing agency or savings association. A notary public cannot provide a medallion guarantee.

Selling Shares by Letter

Write and sign a “letter of instruction” with:

Your Name

Your Fund’s account number

The dollar amount or number of shares to be redeemed

Please note the following special requirements for redeeming shares for different types of accounts:

 

  Individual, Joint Tenant, Sole Proprietorship, UGMA or UTMA Accounts: The letter of instruction must be signed by all persons required to sign for transactions, exactly as their names appear on the account.
 

 

 
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Shareholder Services — (Continued)

 

 

  Retirement Account: The account owner should complete a Retirement Distribution Form. Call 1-800-960-0188 to request one.

 

  Trust Account: The trustee must sign the letter indicating capacity as trustee. If a trustee’s name is not in the account registration, provide a copy of the trust document certified within the past 60 days.

 

  Business or Organization: At least one person authorized by corporate resolutions to act on the account must sign the letter. Include a corporate resolution (certified within the past 6 months) with corporate seal or medallion guarantee.

 

  Executor, Administrator, Conservator or Guardian: Call 1-800-960-0188 for instructions.

Unless otherwise instructed, the Fund will send a check to the address of record.

Mail your letter to:

 

For Regular Delivery:

Litman Gregory Funds Trust

c/o

DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc.

P.O. Box 219922

Kansas City, MO 64121-9922

For Overnight Delivery:

Litman Gregory Funds Trust

c/o

DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc.

330 West Ninth Street

Kansas City, MO 64105

 

 

Selling Shares by Telephone

You must select this option on your account application if you wish to use telephone redemption; it is not automatically available. If you selected the telephone redemption option on your account application, you can sell shares simply by calling 1-800-960-0188. If you wish to add this feature to your account, you must do so in writing at least 30 days in advance of any telephonic redemption. The amount you wish to redeem (up to $25,000) will be sent by check to the address of record. This option is not available for retirement accounts.

Selling Shares by Wire

You must sign up for the wire feature before using it. To verify that it is in place, please call 1-800-960-0188. Wire redemptions may be processed for amounts between $5,000 and $25,000. Your wire redemption request must be received by the Fund before 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time for money to be wired the next business day. This option is not available for retirement accounts.

Shareholder and Account Policies

 

Statements, Reports, and Inquiries

Statements and reports that the Fund sends you include the following:

 

  Confirmation statements (after every transaction that affects your account balance or your account registration)

 

  Financial reports (every six months)

 

  Account statements (every six months)

DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., the Fund’s transfer agent, is located at 330 West Ninth Street, Kansas City, Missouri, 64105. You may call the Transfer Agent at 1-800-960-0188 if you have questions about your account.

ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Fund’s principal underwriter, is located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203.

Exchange Privilege

The Institutional Class shares of the Fund may be exchanged for the same class of shares of another Litman Gregory Masters Fund. Shareholders may exchange shares by mailing or delivering written instructions to the Transfer Agent. Such exchange will be treated as a sale of shares and may result in taxable gains. Please specify the names and class of the applicable Litman Gregory Masters Fund(s), the number of shares or dollar amount to be exchanged, and your name and account number. You may not utilize an exchange to establish an account into a closed fund.

Exchanging Shares by Telephone

You must select this option on your account application if you wish to use telephone exchange; it is not automatically available. If you selected the telephone exchange option on your account application, you may also exchange shares (maximum $25,000 worth) by calling the Transfer Agent at 1-800-960-0188 between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time on a day that the NYSE is open for normal trading. The Fund will suspend, without notice, the exchange privilege on any accounts it reasonably believes are being used by “market timers.”

Automatic Investment/Withdrawal Plans

One easy way to pursue your financial goals is to invest money regularly. The Fund offers a convenient service that lets you transfer money into your Fund account automatically. Although Automatic Investment Plans do not guarantee a profit and will not protect you against loss in a declining market, they can be an excellent way to invest for retirement, a home, educational expenses and other long-term financial goals. The investment will automatically be processed through the Automated Clearing House (ACH) system. Shares will be issued at the NAV per share after the Fund accepts your order, which will typically be the day after you provide proper instructions to the Transfer Agent (assuming you do so prior to the close of the NYSE).

A systematic withdrawal plan permits you to receive a fixed sum on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis from accounts with a value of $5,000 or more. Payments may be sent electronically to your bank of record or to you in check form. Certain restrictions apply for retirement accounts. Call 1-800-960-0188 for more information.

Share Price

The Fund is open for business each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates its NAV per share as of the close of business of the NYSE, normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time.

 

 

 
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The Fund’s NAV per share is the value of a single share. The NAV per share is computed by adding the value of the Fund’s investments, cash and other assets, subtracting its liabilities and then dividing the result by the number of shares outstanding. The NAV per share is also the redemption price (price to sell one share).

The Fund’s assets are valued primarily on the basis of market quotations. Securities and other assets for which reliable market quotations are not readily available will be valued at their fair value as determined under the guidelines established by, and under the general supervision and responsibility of, the Board. Fair value pricing is intended to be used as necessary in order to accurately value the Fund’s portfolio securities and its respective NAV. The SAI further describes the Fund’s valuation procedures. Since securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of the Fund’s securities (and thereby its NAV) may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem the Fund’s shares.

General Purchase Information

 

  All of your purchases must be made in U.S. dollars, and checks must be drawn on U.S. banks.

 

  The Fund does not accept cash, money orders, cashiers checks, starter checks, official bank checks, credit cards or third-party checks. If you send any of these instruments, your purchase order will be rejected, and your investment in the Fund will be delayed.

 

  If your check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you will be liable for any losses or fees the Fund or the Transfer Agent incur.

 

  Your ability to make automatic investments may be immediately terminated if any item is unpaid by your financial institution.

 

  The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order. For example, a purchase order may be refused if, in Litman Gregory’s opinion, it is so large that it would disrupt management of the Fund. Orders will also be rejected from persons believed by the Fund to be “market timers.”

Buying and Selling Shares through Financial Intermediaries

You may buy and sell shares of the Fund through certain financial intermediaries (and their agents) that have made arrangements with the Fund to sell their shares. When you place your order with such a financial intermediary or its authorized agent, your order is treated as if you had placed it directly with the Transfer Agent, and you will pay or receive the next price calculated by the Fund. The financial intermediary (or agent) may hold your shares in an omnibus account in the financial intermediary’s (or agent’s) name, and the financial intermediary (or agent) maintains your individual ownership records. The Fund may pay the financial intermediary (or agent) a fee for performing this account maintenance service. The financial intermediary (or agent) may charge you a fee for handling your order, which may be in addition to the fees described in this

Prospectus. The financial intermediary (or agent) is responsible for processing your order correctly and promptly, keeping you advised regarding the status of your individual account, confirming your transactions and ensuring that you receive copies of the Fund’s Prospectus.

Redemptions

 

  After the Trust has received your redemption request and all proper documents, payment for shares tendered will generally be made within (i) one to three business days for redemptions made by wire, and (ii) three to five business days for ACH redemptions. Normally, redemption payments by check will be mailed to you on the next business day, but your actual receipt of the check will be subject to postal delivery schedules and timing. If making immediate payment could adversely affect the Fund, it may take up to seven days to pay you. The Fund may also delay payment if there have been changes in your mailing address or account registration within 30 days of the date of the redemption.

 

  The Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When that cash is not available, the Fund will seek to maintain its portfolio weightings by selling a cross-section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions.

 

  During conditions that make the payment of cash unwise and/or in order to protect the interests of the Fund’s remaining shareholders, you could receive your redemption proceeds in the form of readily marketable securities. Receiving securities instead of cash is called “redemption in kind.” The Fund may redeem shares in kind during both normal and stressed market conditions, including when the amount you are redeeming from the Fund exceeds 1% of the Fund’s net assets or $250,000 during any 90-day period. Generally, in-kind redemptions will be effected through a pro rata distribution of the Fund’s portfolio securities. You may incur brokerage and other costs in converting to cash any securities distributed. It may take up to several weeks for the initial portion of the in-kind securities to be delivered to you, and substantially longer periods for the remainder of the in-kind securities to be delivered to you, in payment of your redemption in kind.

 

  Under certain circumstances, including stressed market conditions, the Fund may also borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions) through a bank line of credit, including from a joint credit facility, in order to meet redemption requests.

 

  Redemptions may be suspended or payment dates postponed when the NYSE is closed (other than weekends or holidays), when trading on the NYSE is restricted or as permitted by the SEC.

Policy Regarding Excessive Trading and Market Timing

The Board has adopted policies and procedures with respect to frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares by Fund shareholders. These policies are summarized below.

Purchases and exchanges of shares of the Fund should be made for long-term investment purposes only. The Fund, as a matter of policy, actively discourages market timing and

 

 

 
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Shareholder Services — (Continued)

 

excessive short term trading and may block accounts or take other action to prevent this type of activity.

Investors seeking to engage in excessive trading or market timing practices may deploy a variety of strategies to avoid detection and, despite the efforts of the Fund to prevent such trading, there is no guarantee that the Fund or its agents will be able to identify such investors or curtail their practices. The ability of the Fund and its agents to detect and curtail excessive trading or short term trading practices may also be limited by operational systems and technological limitations. In addition, the Fund receives purchase, exchange and redemption orders through financial intermediaries and cannot always know or reasonably detect excessive trading that may be facilitated by these intermediaries or by the use of omnibus account arrangements. Omnibus accounts are common forms of holding Fund shares. Entities utilizing omnibus account arrangements may not identify customers’ trading activity in shares of the Fund on an individual basis (although in order for financial intermediaries to purchase Fund shares in nominee name on behalf of other persons, the Fund is required to enter into shareholder information agreements with the financial intermediaries, which may result in the disclosure of certain identifying information about shareholders to the Fund). Consequently, the Fund may not be able to detect frequent or excessive trading in Fund shares attributable to a particular investor who effects purchase and/or exchange activity in Fund shares through a broker, dealer or other financial intermediary acting in an omnibus capacity. Also, there may be multiple tiers of these entities, each utilizing an omnibus account arrangement, which may further compound the difficulty to the Fund of detecting excessive or short duration trading activity in Fund shares. In seeking to prevent disruptive trading practices in the Fund, the Fund and its agents consider the information actually available to them at the time.

The Fund reserves the right in its discretion to reject any purchase, in whole or in part (including, without limitation, purchases by persons whose trading activity in Fund shares Litman Gregory believes could be harmful to the Fund). The Fund may decide to restrict purchase and sale activity in its shares based on various factors, including whether frequent purchase and sale activity will disrupt portfolio management strategies and adversely affect Fund performance.

Frequent purchases and redemptions of the Fund’s shares may present certain risks for the Fund and its shareholders. These risks may include, among other things, dilution in the value of Fund shares held by long-term shareholders, interference with the efficient management of the Fund’s portfolios and increased brokerage and administrative costs. The Fund may have difficulty implementing long-term investment strategies if it is unable to anticipate what portion of its assets it should retain in cash to provide liquidity to its shareholders. The Fund may invest in non-U.S. securities; accordingly, there is an additional risk of undetected frequent trading in Fund shares by investors who attempt to engage in time zone arbitrage. There can be no assurance that the Fund or Litman Gregory will identify all frequent purchase and sale activity affecting the Fund.

The Fund May Close Small Accounts. Due to the relatively high cost of maintaining smaller accounts, the shares in your account (unless it is a retirement plan or custodial account) may be redeemed by the Fund if, due to redemptions you have made, the total value of your account is reduced to less than $2,500. If the Fund decides to make such an involuntary redemption, you will first be notified that the value of your account is less than $2,500, and you will be allowed 30 days to make an additional investment to bring the value of your account to at least $2,500 before the Fund takes any action. Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-deferred retirement plan or other tax-advantaged arrangement, a redemption of shares is generally a taxable event, and you may realize a gain or a loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes (see “Taxes on Transactions” below).

Unclaimed Property. Your mutual fund account may be transferred to your state of residence if no activity occurs within your account during the “inactivity period” specified in your state’s abandoned property laws.

Dividends, Capital Gains and Taxes

 

Dividends of net investment income, if any, for the Fund are generally declared and paid annually. Distributions of capital gains, if any, for the Fund are generally declared and paid to shareholders annually.

Distribution Options

When you open an account, specify on your application how you want to receive your distributions. If the option you prefer is not listed on the application, call 1-800-960-0188 for instructions. The Fund offers three options:

 

  Reinvestment Option. Your dividend and capital gains distributions will be reinvested automatically in additional shares of the Fund. If you do not indicate a choice on your application, you will be assigned this option.

 

  Income-Earned Option. Your capital gains distributions will be reinvested automatically, but you will be sent a check for each dividend distribution.

 

  Cash Option. You will be sent a check for your dividend and capital gains distributions ($10 minimum check amount). The Fund will automatically reinvest all distributions under $10 in additional shares of the Fund, even if you have elected the cash option. If the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver your check or if your check remains uncashed for six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account at the Fund’s then current NAV and to reinvest all subsequent distributions.

For retirement accounts, all distributions are automatically reinvested. When you are over 5912 years old, you can receive distributions in cash.

When the Fund deducts a distribution from its NAV, the reinvestment price is the Fund’s NAV per share at the close of business that day. Cash distribution checks will be mailed within seven days.

 

 

 
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Understanding Distributions

As a Fund shareholder, you are entitled to your share of the Fund’s net income and gains on its investments. The Fund passes its earnings along to investors as distributions. The Fund earns dividends from stocks and interest from short-term investments. These are passed along as dividend distributions. The Fund realizes capital gains whenever it sells securities for a higher price than it paid for them. These are passed along as capital gains distributions.

Taxes

As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in the Fund will be taxed. If your account is not a tax-deferred retirement account, you should be aware of these tax implications.

Taxes on Distributions. Distributions are subject to federal income tax and may also be subject to state and local taxes. If you live outside of the United States, your distributions could also be taxed by the country in which you reside, as well as potentially subject to U.S. withholding taxes. Your distributions are taxable when they are paid, whether you take them in cash or reinvest them. Distributions declared in December and paid in January, however, are taxable as if they were paid on December 31.

For federal income tax purposes, the Fund’s income and short-term capital gains distributions are taxed as regular or “qualified” dividends; long-term capital gains distributions are taxed as long-term capital gains. Every January, the Fund will send you and the IRS a statement showing the taxable distributions.

Taxes on Transactions. Your redemptions, including transfers between Litman Gregory Masters Funds, are subject to capital gains tax. A capital gain or loss is the difference between the cost of your shares and the price you receive when you sell them. Whenever you sell shares of the Fund, the Fund will send you a confirmation statement showing how many shares you sold and at what price. You will also receive a consolidated transaction statement every January. It is up to you or your tax preparer, however, to determine whether the sales resulted in a capital gain and, if so, the amount of the tax to be paid. Be sure to keep your regular account statements; the information they contain will be essential in calculating the amount of your capital gains.

“Buying a Dividend.” If you buy shares just before the Fund deducts a distribution from its NAV, you will pay the full price for the shares and then receive a portion of the price back in the form of a taxable distribution.

There are tax requirements that all funds must follow in order to avoid federal income taxation. In their efforts to adhere to these requirements, the Fund may have to limit its investment activity in some types of instruments.

When you sign your account application, you will be asked to certify that your Social Security or Taxpayer Identification number is correct and that you are not subject to 28% withholding for failing to report income to the IRS. If you violate IRS regulations, the IRS can require the Fund to withhold 28% of your taxable distributions and redemptions.

 

 

 
Shareholder Services         17


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Index Descriptions

 

The Morningstar Small Blend Category measures the performance of small-blend funds which favor firms at the smaller end of the market-capitalization range, and are flexible in the types of small caps they buy. Some aim to own an array of value and growth stocks while others employ a discipline that leads to holdings with valuations and growth rates close to the small-cap averages.

The Russell 2000® Index measures the performance of the 2,000 smallest U.S. companies of the Russell 3000® Index.

The Russell 2000® Value Index measures the performance of the small-capitalization value sector of the U.S. equity market.

It is a subset of the Russell 2000® Index. It is a style factor weighted index consisting of those issuers within the Russell 2000 Index that have lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth, and represents approximately 48% of the total market value of the Russell 2000® Index.

The Russell 3000® Index is a broad-based index that measures the performance of the 3,000 largest U.S. companies as measured by market capitalization, and represents about 98% of the U.S. stock market.

Direct investment in an index is not possible.

 

 

 
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Financial Highlights

 

The Trust’s registration statement with respect to the Small Cap Value Fund became effective on [    ], 2020, as a result, audited financial highlights are not available for the Fund and financial statements for the Fund are not included in the Trust’s shareholder reports as of the date of this Prospectus.

 

 
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For More Information

Statement of Additional Information:

 

The SAI contains additional information about the Fund.

Annual and Semi-Annual Reports:

 

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders. In the Fund’s Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during the last fiscal year.

The SAI and the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders are available, without charge, upon request. To request an SAI or the Fund’s Annual or Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders, or to make shareholder inquiries or to obtain other information about the Fund, please call 1-800-960-0188. You may also obtain a copy of the SAI or Annual or Semi-Annual Reports, free of charge, by accessing the Fund’s website (http://www.mastersfunds.com), or by writing to the Fund.

SEC Contact Information:

 

If you have access to the Internet, you can view the SAI, the Fund’s Annual or Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders and other information about the Fund on the EDGAR Database at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) internet site at www.sec.gov. You may request copies of information available on the EDGAR Database by an electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov. The SEC charges a duplicating fee for this service.

Fund Information:

 

 

Fund   Abbreviation   Symbol   CUSIP     Fund Number  

Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund

  [    ]      

Institutional Class

      [    ]     [    ]       [    ]  

Website:

 

www.mastersfunds.com

 

Litman Gregory Funds Trust

P.O. Box 219922

Kansas City, MO 64121-9922

1-800-960-0188

    

ALPS Distributors, Inc. Denver, Colorado 80203

©2020 Litman Gregory Fund Advisors, LLC. All rights reserved.

 

Investment Company Act File No: 811-07763


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LITMAN GREGORY FUNDS TRUST

Masters Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund - Institutional Class – [        ]

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Dated [            ], 2020

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus, and it should be read in conjunction with the prospectus dated [            ], 2020, as it may be amended from time to time, of Masters Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund (the “Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund” or the “Fund”), a series of the Litman Gregory Funds Trust (the “Trust”), formerly known as the Masters’ Select Funds Trust until August 2011 and the Masters’ Select Investment Trust until December 1997. Litman Gregory Fund Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor” or “Litman Gregory”) is the investment advisor of the Fund. The Advisor has retained an investment manager as sub-advisor (the “Sub-Advisor”), which is responsible for portfolio management of the Fund’s assets. A copy of the Fund’s prospectus and the Trust’s most recent annual report may be obtained from the Trust without charge at 1676 N. California Blvd., Suite 500, Walnut Creek, California 94596, telephone 1-800-960-0188.

The Trust’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 are incorporated by reference to the Trust’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. The Fund is not included in the Trust’s most recent Annual Report because it commenced investment operations on [            ], 2020, but will be included in the Trust’s next report to shareholders following such date.

The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The securities described herein may not be sold until the registration statement becomes effective. This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state in which the offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful.

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (TO BE UPDATED)

 

FUND HISTORY

     3  

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND RISKS

     3  

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

     27  

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

     33  

THE ADVISOR AND THE SUB-ADVISOR

     34  

ADDITIONAL PORTFOLIO MANAGER INFORMATION

     36  

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

     38  

ADMINISTRATOR

     39  

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

     39  

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

     41  

NET ASSET VALUE

     41  

TAXATION

     43  

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

     46  

ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM

     46  

GENERAL INFORMATION

     46  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     48  

APPENDIX

     49  

 

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FUND HISTORY

The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on August 1, 1996 and is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as an open-end management investment company. The Trust consists of six separate series: the Equity Fund, the International Fund, the Smaller Companies Fund, the Alternative Strategies Fund, the High Income Alternatives Fund and the Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund. This SAI relates only to the Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund and not to the other series of the Trust (collectively, the “Funds”).

The Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund commenced operations on [            ], 2020. The Institutional Class commenced operations on that date.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, POLICIES AND RISKS

The investment objective of the Fund is fundamental and therefore may be changed only with the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund. The Fund’s investment objective is set forth in the Fund’s prospectus. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The discussion below supplements information contained in the prospectus as to the investment policies of the Fund.

Investment policies or descriptions that are described as percentages of “the Fund’s net assets” are measured as percentages of the Fund’s net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes. The investment policies of the Fund with respect to “80% of the Fund’s net assets” may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) without shareholder approval, but shareholders would be given at least 60 days’ notice if any change occurs.

Cash Position

When the Fund’s Sub-Advisor believes that market conditions are unfavorable for profitable investing, or when the Sub-Advisor is otherwise unable to locate attractive investment opportunities, the Fund’s cash or similar investments may increase. In other words, the Fund does not always stay fully invested in stocks and bonds. Cash or similar investments generally are a residual - they represent the assets that remain after a portfolio manager has committed available assets to desirable investment opportunities. However, the Advisor or the Fund’s Sub-Advisor may also temporarily increase the Fund’s cash position to protect its assets or maintain liquidity.

When the Fund’s investments in cash or similar investments increase, it may not participate in market advances or declines to the same extent that it would if the Fund remained more fully invested in stocks or bonds.

Equity Securities

The Fund may invest in equity securities consistent with its investment objective and strategies. Common stocks, preferred stocks and convertible securities are examples of equity securities.

All investments in equity securities are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Historically, the equity markets have moved in cycles and the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may fluctuate substantially from day to day. Owning an equity security can also subject the Fund to the risk that the issuer may discontinue paying dividends.

To the extent the Fund invests in the equity securities of small- or medium-size companies, it will be exposed to the risks of small- and medium-size companies. Such companies often have limited product lines or services, have narrower markets for their goods and/or services, and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. In addition, because these companies are not well-known to the investing public, they may not have significant institutional ownership and may be followed by relatively few security analysts, and there will normally be less publicly available information when compared to larger

 

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companies. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, can decrease the price and liquidity of securities held by the Fund. As a result, as compared to larger-sized companies, the performance of smaller-sized companies can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio.

Common Stock. A common stock represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company and its value is based on the success of the company’s business, the cash a company generates, and the value of a company’s assets. However, over short periods of time, the price of any company, whether successful or not, may increase or decrease in price by a meaningful percentage. In addition to the general risks set forth above, investments in common stocks are subject to the risk that in the event a company in which the Fund invests is liquidated, the holders of preferred stock and creditors of that company will be paid in full before any payments are made to the Fund as a holder of that company’s common stock. It is possible that all assets of that company will be exhausted before any payments are made to the Fund.

Preferred Stock. Preferred stocks are equity securities that often pay dividends at a specific rate and have a preference over common stocks in dividend payments and liquidation of assets. A preferred stock has a blend of the characteristics of a bond and common stock. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership, but does not have the seniority of a bond and, unlike common stock, its participation in the issuer’s growth may be limited. Although the dividend is set at a fixed annual rate, in some circumstances it can be changed or omitted by the issuer.

Convertible Securities and Warrants

The Fund may invest in convertible securities and warrants. A convertible security is a fixed-income security (a debt instrument or a preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specified period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in an issuer’s capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar non-convertible security), a convertible security also affords an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation upon a market price advance in the convertible security’s underlying common stock.

A warrant gives the holder the right to purchase at any time during a specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not pay a fixed dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including the possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the Fund’s entire investment therein).

Other Corporate Debt Securities

The Fund may invest in non-convertible debt securities of foreign and domestic companies over a cross-section of industries. The debt securities in which the Fund may invest will be of varying maturities and may include corporate bonds, debentures, notes and other similar corporate debt instruments. The value of a longer-term debt security fluctuates more widely in response to changes in interest rates than do shorter-term debt securities.

Risks of Investing in Debt Securities

There are a number of risks generally associated with an investment in debt securities (including convertible securities). Yields on short-, intermediate-, and long-term securities depend on a variety of factors, including the general condition of the money and bond markets, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue.

 

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Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with short maturities and lower yields. The market prices of debt securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of such portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value of such portfolio investments. The ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective also depends on the continuing ability of the issuers of the debt securities in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due.

Risks of Investing in Lower-Rated Debt Securities

The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in debt securities rated below “Ba1” by Moody’s, below “BB+” by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or below investment grade by other recognized rating agencies, or in unrated securities of comparable quality under certain circumstances. Securities with ratings below “Baa” by Moody’s and/or “BBB” by S&P are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” Such bonds are subject to greater market fluctuations and risk of loss of income and principal than higher rated bonds for a variety of reasons, including the following:

Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Changes. The economy and interest rates affect high yield securities differently from other securities. For example, the prices of high yield bonds have been found to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. Also, during an economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which would adversely affect their ability to service their principal and interest obligations, to meet projected business goals, and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a bond defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result in increased volatility of market prices of high yield bonds and the Fund’s asset values.

Payment Expectations. High yield bonds present certain risks based on payment expectations. For example, high yield bonds may contain redemption and call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest rate market, the Fund would have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Conversely, a high yield bond’s value will decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will the value of the Fund’s assets. If the Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to sell its high yield bonds without regard to their investment merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which the Fund’s expenses can be spread and possibly reducing the Fund’s rate of return.

Liquidity and Valuation. To the extent that there is no established retail secondary market, there may be thin trading of high yield bonds, and this may impact the Sub-Advisor’s ability to accurately value high yield bonds and the Fund’s assets and hinder the Fund’s ability to dispose of the bonds. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield bonds, especially in a thinly traded market.

Credit Ratings. Credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield bonds. Also, since credit rating agencies may fail to timely change the credit ratings to reflect subsequent events, the Sub-Advisor must monitor the issuers of high yield bonds in the Fund’s portfolio to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow and profits to meet required principal and interest payments, and to assure the bonds’ liquidity so the Fund can meet redemption requests. The Fund will not necessarily dispose of a portfolio security when its rating has been changed.

Exchange-Traded Notes

The Fund may invest in exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”). ETNs are senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market benchmark or strategy minus

 

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applicable fees. ETNs are traded on an exchange (e.g., the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”)) during normal trading hours. However, investors can also hold the ETN until maturity. At maturity, the issuer pays to the investor a cash amount equal to the principal amount, subject to the day’s market benchmark or strategy factor.

ETNs do not make periodic coupon payments or provide principal protection. ETNs are subject to credit risk and the value of the ETN may drop due to a downgrade in the issuer’s credit rating, despite the underlying market benchmark or strategy remaining unchanged. The value of an ETN may also be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the referenced underlying asset. When the Fund invests in ETNs, it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. The Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.

ETNs are also subject to tax risk. The tax treatment of ETNs is unclear. No statutory, juridical or administrative authority directly discusses how ETNs should be treated in this context for U.S. federal income tax purposes. No assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will accept, or a court will uphold, how the Fund characterizes and treats ETNs for tax purposes. Further, the IRS and Congress are considering proposals that would change the timing and character of income and gains from ETNs.

An ETN that is tied to a specific market benchmark or strategy may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market benchmark or strategy. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid and, thus, they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs are subject to the same risk as other instruments that use leverage in any form.

The market value of ETN shares may differ from their market benchmark or strategy. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETN shares at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities, commodities or other components underlying the market benchmark or strategy that the ETN seeks to track. As a result, there may be times when an ETN share trades at a premium or discount to its market benchmark or strategy.

Short-Term Investments

The Fund may invest in any of the following short-term securities and instruments:

Bank Certificates or Deposits, Bankers’ Acceptances and Time Deposits. The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances acquired by the Fund will be dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S. Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are different in some respects from those incurred by a fund that invests only in debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See “Foreign Investments” below. Such risks include those related to future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange controls and the possible adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions that might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.

 

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Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans that may be made and interest rates that may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part in the operations of the banking industry.

As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves, limited in the amount they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the Fund may acquire.

In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate.

Savings Association Obligations. The Fund may invest in certificates of deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S. Government.

Commercial Paper, Short-Term Notes and Other Corporate Obligations. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such instruments may have maturities of up to one year.

Commercial paper and short-term notes in which the Fund may invest will consist of issues rated at the time of purchase “AA-2” or higher by S&P, “Prime-1” or “Prime-2” by Moody’s, or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Sub-Advisor to be of comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in Appendix A.

Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may purchase corporate obligations that have remaining maturities of one year or less from the date of purchase and that are rated “AA” or higher by S&P or “Aa” or higher by Moody’s.

Money Market Funds

The Fund may under certain circumstances invest a portion of its assets in money market funds. The 1940 Act generally prohibits the Fund from investing more than 5% of the value of its total assets in any one investment company or more than 10% of the value of its total assets in investment companies as a group, and also restricts its investment in any investment company to 3% of the voting securities of such investment company. There are some exceptions, however, to these limitations pursuant to various rules promulgated by the SEC. For example, Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act provides that the limitations set forth above do not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Fund if immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such investment company is owned by the Fund and all affiliated persons of the Fund. The Fund must comply with certain other administrative requirements in order to comply this exception, including, among others, that the Fund (or the Advisor or Sub-Advisor acting on behalf of the Fund) complies with certain voting restrictions when voting the shares of such investment company. The Advisor and the Sub-Advisor will not impose advisory fees on assets of the Fund invested in a money market mutual fund. However, an investment in a money market mutual fund will involve payment by the Fund of its pro rata share of advisory and administrative fees charged by such fund.

 

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Government Obligations

The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), Export-Import Bank of the United States, Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration, Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), and the Student Loan Marketing Association (“SLMA”).

Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations; still others, such as those of the SLMA, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so by law.

The Fund may invest in sovereign debt obligations of foreign countries. A sovereign debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest in a timely manner may be affected by a number of factors, including its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor’s policy toward principal international lenders and the political constraints to which it may be subject. Emerging market governments could default on their sovereign debt. Such sovereign debtors also may be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and other entities abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitments on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a sovereign debtor’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor’s obligations. Failure to meet such conditions could result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such debtor’s ability or willingness to service its debt in a timely manner.

Zero Coupon Securities

The Fund may invest up to 35% of its net assets in zero coupon securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. Zero coupon Treasury securities are U.S. Treasury notes and bonds that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons and receipts, or certificates representing interests in such stripped debt obligations or coupons. Because a zero coupon security pays no interest to its holder during its life or for a substantial period of time, it usually trades at a deep discount from its face or par value and will be subject to greater fluctuations of market value in response to changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities that make current distributions of interest.

Variable and Floating Rate Instruments

The Fund may acquire variable and floating rate instruments. Such instruments are frequently not rated by credit rating agencies; however, unrated variable and floating rate instruments purchased by the Fund will be determined by the Sub-Advisor under guidelines established by the Board to be of comparable quality at the time of the purchase to rated instruments eligible for purchase by the Fund. In making such determinations, the Sub-Advisor will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuers of such instruments (such issuers include financial, merchandising, bank holding and other companies) and will monitor their financial condition. An active secondary market may not exist with respect to particular variable or floating rate instruments purchased by the Fund. The absence of such an active secondary market could make it difficult for the Fund to

 

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dispose of the variable or floating rate instrument involved in the event that the issuer of the instrument defaults on its payment obligation or during periods in which the Fund is not entitled to exercise its demand rights, and the Fund could, for these or other reasons, suffer a loss to the extent of the default. Variable and floating rate instruments may be secured by bank letters of credit.

Mortgage-Related Securities

The Fund may invest in mortgage-related securities. Mortgage-related securities are derivative interests in pools of mortgage loans made to U.S. residential home buyers, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations. The Fund may also invest in debt securities which are secured with collateral consisting of U.S. mortgage-related securities, and in other types of U.S. mortgage-related securities.

The effects of the sub-prime mortgage crisis that began to unfold in 2007 continue to manifest in nearly all sub-divisions of the financial services industry. Sub-prime mortgage-related losses and write downs among investment banks and similar institutions reached significant levels in 2008. The impact of these losses among traditional banks, investment banks, broker-dealers and insurers has forced a number of such institutions into either liquidation or combination, while also drastically increasing the volatility of their stock prices. In some cases, the U.S. government has acted to bail out select institutions, such as insurers; however the risks associated with investment in stocks of such insurers has nonetheless increased substantially.

While the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Federal Reserve Board and Congress have taken steps to address problems in the financial markets and with financial institutions, there can be no assurance that the risks associated with investments in financial services company issuers will decrease as a result of these steps.

U.S. Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment that consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying residential property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs which may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by GNMA) are described as “modified pass-throughs.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.

The principal governmental guarantor of U.S. mortgage-related securities is GNMA, a wholly-owned United States Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Agency or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration.

Government-related guarantors include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders and subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional residential mortgages not insured or guaranteed by any government agency from a list of approved seller/services which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. FHLMC is a government-sponsored corporation created to increase availability of mortgage credit for residential housing and owned entirely by private stockholders. FHLMC issues participation certificates which represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA and participation certificates issued by FHLMC are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA and FHLMC, respectively, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.

 

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Although the underlying mortgage loans in a pool may have maturities of up to 30 years, the actual average life of the pool certificates typically will be substantially less because the mortgages will be subject to normal principal amortization and may be prepaid prior to maturity. Prepayment rates vary widely and may be affected by changes in market interest rates. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the actual average life of the pool certificates. Conversely, when interest rates are rising, the rate of prepayments tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the actual average life of the certificates. Accordingly, it is not possible to predict accurately the average life of a particular pool.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”). A domestic or foreign CMO in which the Fund may invest is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. Like a bond, interest is paid, in most cases, semiannually. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC, FNMA or equivalent foreign entities.

CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal and interest received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to the class having the earliest maturity date or highest maturity. Classes that have longer maturity dates and lower seniority will receive principal only after the higher class has been retired.

Real Estate Investment Trusts

The Fund may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in either real estate or real estate-related loans. REITs involve certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general (such as possible declines in the value of real estate, lack of availability of mortgage funds, or extended vacancies of property). Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended and changes in interest rates. REITs whose underlying assets are concentrated in properties used by a particular industry, such as health care, are also subject to risks associated with such industry. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, risks of default by borrowers, and self-liquidation. REITs are also subject to the possibilities of failing to qualify for preferential tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act.

REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks, including prepayment risk. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. If the REIT invests in adjustable rate mortgage loans the interest rates on which are reset periodically, yields on a REIT’s investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates. This causes the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed rate obligations. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than more widely held securities. The Fund’s investment in a REIT may require the Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received or may result in the Fund making distributions that constitute a return of capital to the Fund’s shareholders for federal income tax purposes. In addition, distributions by the Fund from REITs will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction, or, generally, for treatment as qualified dividend income.

Investments in REITs by the Fund may subject its shareholders to multiple levels of fees and expenses as the Fund’s shareholders will directly bear the fees and expenses of the Fund and will also indirectly bear a portion of the fees and expenses of the REITs in which the Fund invests.

 

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Foreign Investments and Currencies

The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers that are not publicly traded in the United States (the International Fund will invest substantially all of its assets in securities of foreign issuers). The Fund may also invest in depositary receipts and in foreign currency futures contracts and may purchase and sell foreign currency on a spot basis.

Depositary Receipts. Depositary Receipts (“DRs”) include American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation.

Risks of Investing in Foreign Securities. Investments in foreign securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:

Political and Economic Factors. Individual foreign economies of certain countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States’ economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such countries.

The European financial markets have continued to experience volatility because of concerns about economic downturns and about high and rising government debt levels of several countries in the European Union and Europe generally. These events have adversely affected the exchange rate of the Euro and the European securities markets, and may spread to other countries in Europe, including countries that do not use the Euro. These events may affect the value and liquidity of certain of the Fund’s investments. Responses to the financial problems by European Union governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world.

[In June 2016, the United Kingdom (“UK”) voted in a referendum to leave the European Union (“EU”). As a result of the referendum, S&P downgraded the UK’s credit rating from “AAA” to “AA” and the EU’s credit rating from “AA+” to “AA” in the days that followed the vote. Other credit ratings agencies have taken similar actions. On March 29, 2017, the UK invoked article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, notifying the European Council of the UK’s intention to withdraw from the EU by March 29, 2019. After two years of negotiating the UK’s withdrawal from the EU, this date has been extended until October 31, 2019. However, because the parties were unable to negotiate a Brexit agreement by the October 31 deadline, Parliament voted to (i) hold a general election on December 12, 2019 and (ii) delay Brexit until January 31, 2020. If an agreement between the UK and EU is not met in advance of this extended deadline, the UK will be forced to leave the EU on February 1, 2020, with no agreements in place (i.e., a “hard Brexit”). Although it is unclear how withdrawal negotiations will be conducted or concluded, UK businesses are increasingly preparing for a disorderly Brexit, which could have severe consequences for the people, businesses and economies of the UK and the EU, as well as those of the broader global economy. Withdrawal is expected to be followed by a transition period during which businesses and others prepare for the new post-Brexit rules to take effect on January 1, 2021. It is possible that measures could be taken to revote the issue of Brexit, or that portions of the United Kingdom could seek to separate and remain a part of the EU. As a result of the uncertain consequences

 

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of Brexit and the political divisions both within the UK and between the UK and the EU highlighted by the referendum vote, the economies of the UK and Europe as well as the broader global economy could be significantly impacted, which may result in increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth on markets in the UK, Europe and globally that could potentially have an adverse effect on the value of the Fund’s investments.] [To be updated.]

Currency Fluctuations. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also affect the Fund’s income. The value of the Fund’s assets may also be affected significantly by currency restrictions and exchange control regulations enacted from time to time.

Market Characteristics. The Sub-Advisor expects that many foreign securities in which the Fund invests will be purchased in over-the-counter markets or on exchanges located in the countries in which the principal offices of the issuers of the various securities are located, if that is the best available market. Foreign exchanges and markets may be more volatile than those in the United States. While growing in volume, they usually have substantially less volume than U.S. markets, and the Fund’s portfolio securities may be less liquid and more volatile than U.S. Government securities. Moreover, settlement practices for transactions in foreign markets may differ from those in United States markets, and may include delays beyond periods customary in the United States. Foreign security trading practices, including those involving securities settlement where Fund assets may be released prior to receipt of payment or securities, may expose the Fund to increased risk in the event of a failed trade or the insolvency of a foreign broker-dealer.

Transactions in options on securities, futures contracts, futures options and currency contracts may not be regulated as effectively on foreign exchanges as similar transactions in the United States, and may not involve clearing mechanisms and related guarantees. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by the imposition of different exercise terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States. The value of the Fund’s positions may also be adversely impacted by delays in its ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the United States.

Legal and Regulatory Matters. Certain foreign countries may have less supervision of securities markets, brokers and issuers of securities, and less financial information available to issuers, than is available in the United States.

Taxes. The interest payable on certain of the Fund’s foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other taxes, thus reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the Fund’s shareholders.

Costs. To the extent that the Fund invests in foreign securities, its expense ratio is likely to be higher than those of investment companies investing only in domestic securities, since the cost of maintaining the custody of foreign securities is higher.

Emerging markets. Some of the securities in which the Fund may invest may be located in developing or emerging markets, which entail additional risks, including less social, political and economic stability; smaller securities markets and lower trading volume, which may result in a less liquidity and greater price volatility; national policies that may restrict the Fund’s investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries, or expropriation or confiscation of assets or property; and less developed legal structures governing private or foreign investment.

In considering whether to invest in the securities of a foreign company, the Sub-Advisor considers such factors as the characteristics of the particular company, differences between economic trends and the performance of securities markets within the U.S. and those within other countries, and also factors relating to the general economic,

 

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governmental and social conditions of the country or countries where the company is located. The extent to which the Fund will be invested in foreign companies and countries and depository receipts will fluctuate from time to time within the limitations described in the prospectus, depending on the Sub-Advisor’s assessment of prevailing market, economic and other conditions.

Options on Securities and Securities Indices

Purchasing Put and Call Options. The Fund may purchase covered “put” and “call” options with respect to securities which are otherwise eligible for purchase by the Fund and with respect to various stock indices subject to certain restrictions. The Fund will engage in trading of such derivative securities primarily for hedging purposes.

If the Fund purchases a put option, the Fund acquires the right to sell the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the option (for “American-style” options) or on the option expiration date (for “European-style” options). Purchasing put options may be used as a portfolio investment strategy when the Sub-Advisor perceives significant short-term risk but substantial long-term appreciation for the underlying security. The put option acts as an insurance policy, as it protects against significant downward price movement while it allows full participation in any upward movement. If the Fund is holding a stock which it feels has strong fundamentals, but for some reason may be weak in the near term, the Fund may purchase a put option on such security, thereby giving itself the right to sell such security at a certain strike price throughout the term of the option. Consequently, the Fund will exercise the put only if the price of such security falls below the strike price of the put. The difference between the put’s strike price and the market price of the underlying security on the date the Fund exercises the put, less transaction costs, will be the amount by which the Fund will be able to hedge against a decline in the underlying security. If during the period of the option the market price for the underlying security remains at or above the put’s strike price, the put will expire worthless, representing a loss of the price the Fund paid for the put, plus transaction costs. If the price of the underlying security increases, the profit the Fund realizes on the sale of the security will be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount for which the put may be sold.

If the Fund purchases a call option, it acquires the right to purchase the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the option. The purchase of a call option is a type of insurance policy to hedge against losses that could occur if the Fund has a short position in the underlying security and the security thereafter increases in price. The Fund will exercise a call option only if the price of the underlying security is above the strike price at the time of exercise. If during the option period the market price for the underlying security remains at or below the strike price of the call option, the option will expire worthless, representing a loss of the price paid for the option, plus transaction costs. If the call option has been purchased to hedge a short position of the Fund in the underlying security and the price of the underlying security thereafter falls, the profit the Fund realizes on the cover of the short position in the security will be reduced by the premium paid for the call option less any amount for which such option may be sold.

Prior to exercise or expiration, an option may be sold when it has remaining value by a purchaser through a “closing sale transaction,” which is accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased. The Fund generally will purchase only those options for which the Sub-Advisor believes there is an active secondary market to facilitate closing transactions.

Writing Call Options. The Fund may write covered call options. A call option is “covered” if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in such amount as are held in a segregated account by the Custodian). The writer of a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a “closing purchase transaction.” This is accomplished by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.

 

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Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior to or concurrent with the sale of the security.

The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.

Stock Index Options. The Fund may also write (sell) and purchase put and call options with respect to the S&P 500 and other stock indices. Such options may be written or purchased as a hedge against changes resulting from market conditions in the values of securities which are held in the Fund’s portfolio or which it intends to purchase or sell, or when they are economically appropriate for the reduction of risks inherent in the ongoing management of the Fund.

The distinctive characteristics of options on stock indices create certain risks that are not present with stock options generally. Because the value of an index option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather than the price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or loss on the purchase or sale of an option on an index depends upon movements in the level of stock prices in the stock market generally rather than movements in the price of a particular stock. Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of options on a stock index would be subject to the Sub-Advisor’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the stock market generally. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of individual stocks.

Index prices may be distorted if trading of certain stocks included in the index is interrupted. Trading of index options also may be interrupted in certain circumstances, such as if trading were halted in a substantial number of stocks included in the index. If this were to occur, the Fund would not be able to close out options which it had purchased, and if restrictions on exercise were imposed, the Fund might be unable to exercise an option it holds, which could result in substantial losses to the Fund. It is the policy of the Fund to purchase put or call options only with respect to an index which the Sub-Advisor believes includes a sufficient number of stocks to minimize the likelihood of a trading halt in the index.

Risks of Investing in Options. There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and indices. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves. There are also significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objective. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of option of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

 

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A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The extent to which the Fund may enter into options transactions may be limited by the requirements of the Code with respect to qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company. See “Dividends and Distributions” and “Taxation.”

In addition, when trading options on foreign exchanges, many of the protections afforded to participants in United States option exchanges will not be available. For example, there may be no daily price fluctuation limits in such exchanges or markets, and adverse market movements could therefore continue to an unlimited extent over a period of time. Although the purchaser of an option cannot lose more than the amount of the premium plus related transaction costs, this entire amount could be lost. Moreover, the Fund as an option writer could lose amounts substantially in excess of its initial investment, due to the margin and collateral requirements typically associated with such option writing. See “Dealer Options” below.

Dealer Options. The Fund may engage in transactions involving dealer options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain risks are specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.

Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because the Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets which it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair the Fund’s ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.

The Staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities. A Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Fund’s limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of dealer options, the Fund will change its treatment of such instruments accordingly.

Foreign Currency Options. The Fund may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies. A put or call option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell or purchase a foreign currency at the exercise price until the option expires. The Fund will use foreign currency options separately or in combination to control currency volatility. Among the strategies employed to control currency volatility is an option collar. An option collar involves the purchase of a put option and the simultaneous sale of call option on the same currency with the same expiration date but with different exercise (or “strike”) prices. Generally, the put option will have an out-of-the-money strike price, while the call option will have either an at-the-money strike price or an in-the-money strike price. Foreign currency options are derivative securities. Currency options traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits that may limit the ability of the Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options.

 

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As with other kinds of option transactions, the writing of an option on foreign currency will constitute only a partial hedge, up to the amount of the premium received. The Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on foreign currency may constitute an effective hedge against exchange rate fluctuations; however, in the event of exchange rate movements adverse to the Fund’s position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs.

Spread Transactions. The Fund may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the Fund the right to put a security that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the risks of dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection is provided only during the life of the spread options.

Forward Currency Contracts

The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts in anticipation of changes in currency exchange rates. A forward currency contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. For example, the Fund might purchase a particular currency or enter into a forward currency contract to preserve the U.S. dollar price of securities it intends to or has contracted to purchase. Alternatively, it might sell a particular currency on either a spot or forward basis to hedge against an anticipated decline in the dollar value of securities it intends to or has contracted to sell. Although this strategy could minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, it could also limit any potential gain from an increase in the value of the currency.

Futures Contracts and Related Options

The Fund may invest in futures contracts and options on futures contracts as a hedge against changes in market conditions or interest rates. The Fund may trade in such derivative securities for bona fide hedging purposes and otherwise in accordance with the rules of the CFTC. The Fund will segregate liquid assets in a separate account with its custodian when required to do so by CFTC guidelines in order to cover its obligation in connection with futures and options transactions.

No price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. When it enters into a domestic futures contract, the Fund will be required to deposit in a segregated account with its custodian an amount of cash or U.S. Treasury bills equal to approximately 5% of the contract amount. This amount is known as initial margin. The margin requirements for foreign futures contracts may be different.

The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in securities transactions. Futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transactions. Rather, the initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments (called variation margin) to and from the broker will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying stock index fluctuates, to reflect movements in the price of the contract making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable. For example, when the Fund has purchased a stock index futures contract and the price of the underlying stock index has risen, that position will have increased in value and the Fund will receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that increase in value. Conversely, when the Fund has purchased a stock index futures contract and the price of the underlying stock index has declined, the position will be less valuable and the Fund will be required to make a variation margin payment to the broker.

 

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At any time prior to expiration of a futures contract, the Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate the Fund’s position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is made on closing the position. Additional cash is paid by or released to the Fund, which realizes a loss or a gain.

In addition to amounts segregated or paid as initial and variation margin, the Fund must segregate liquid assets with its custodian equal to the market value of the futures contracts, in order to comply with SEC requirements intended to ensure that the Fund’s use of futures is unleveraged. The requirements for margin payments and segregated accounts apply to both domestic and foreign futures contracts.

Stock Index Futures Contracts. The Fund may invest in futures contracts on stock indices. Currently, stock index futures contracts can be purchased or sold with respect to the S&P 500 Stock Price Index on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the Major Market Index on the Chicago Board of Trade, the New York Stock Exchange Composite Index on the New York Futures Exchange and the Value Line Stock Index on the Kansas City Board of Trade. Foreign financial and stock index futures are traded on foreign exchanges including the London International Financial Futures Exchange, the Singapore International Monetary Exchange, the Sydney Futures Exchange Limited and the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

Interest Rate or Financial Futures Contracts. The Fund may invest in interest rate or financial futures contracts. Bond prices are established in both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being made in cash, generally within five business days after the trade. In the futures market, a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in the futures markets have generally tended to move in the aggregate in concert with cash market prices, and the prices have maintained fairly predictable relationships.

The sale of an interest rate or financial futures contract by the Fund would create an obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver the specific type of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specific future time for a specified price. A futures contract purchased by the Fund would create an obligation by the Fund, as purchaser, to take delivery of the specific type of financial instrument at a specific future time at a specific price. The specific securities delivered or taken, respectively, at settlement date, would not be determined until at or near that date. The determination would be in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract sale or purchase was made.

Although interest rate or financial futures contracts by their terms call for actual delivery or acceptance of securities, in most cases the contracts are closed out before the settlement date without delivery of securities. Closing out of a futures contract sale is effected by the Fund’s entering into a futures contract purchase for the same aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument and the same delivery date. If the price in the sale exceeds the price in the offsetting purchase, the Fund is paid the difference and thus realizes a gain. If the offsetting purchase price exceeds the sale price, the Fund pays the difference and realizes a loss. Similarly, the closing out of a futures contract purchase is effected by the Fund’s entering into a futures contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain, and if the purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price, the Fund realizes a loss.

The Fund will deal only in standardized contracts on recognized exchanges. Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership. Domestic interest rate futures contracts are traded in an auction environment on the floors of several exchanges – principally, the Chicago Board of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. A public market now exists in domestic futures contracts covering various financial instruments including long-term United States Treasury bonds and notes, GNMA modified pass-through mortgage-backed securities, three-month United States Treasury bills, and 90-day commercial paper. The Fund may trade in any futures contract for which there

 

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exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing instruments. International interest rate futures contracts are traded on the London International Financial Futures Exchange, the Singapore International Monetary Exchange, the Sydney Futures Exchange Limited and the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

Foreign Currency Futures Contracts. The Fund may use foreign currency future contracts for hedging purposes. A foreign currency futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a foreign currency at a specified price and time. A public market exists in futures contracts covering several foreign currencies, including the Australian dollar, the Canadian dollar, the British pound, the Japanese yen, the Swiss franc, and certain multinational currencies such as the European Currency Unit (“ECU”). Other foreign currency futures contracts are likely to be developed and traded in the future. The Fund will only enter into futures contracts and futures options which are standardized and traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation system.

Risks of Transactions in Futures Contracts. There are several risks related to the use of futures as a hedging device. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and movements in the price of the securities which are the subject of the hedge. The price of the future may move more or less than the price of the securities being hedged. If the price of the future moves less than the price of the securities which are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective, but if the price of the securities being hedged has moved in an unfavorable direction, the Fund would be in a better position than if it had not hedged at all. If the price of the securities being hedged has moved in a favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the loss on the future. If the price of the future moves more than the price of the hedged securities, the Fund will experience either a loss or a gain on the future which will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities which are subject to the hedge.

To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of securities being hedged and movements in the price of the futures contract, the Fund may buy or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the prices of such securities has been greater than the historical volatility over such time period of the future. Conversely, the Fund may buy or sell fewer futures contracts if the historical volatility of the price of the securities being hedged is less than the historical volatility of the futures contract being used. It is possible that, when the Fund has sold futures to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the market may advance while the value of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may decline. If this occurs, the Fund will lose money on the future and also experience a decline in value in its portfolio securities. However, the Advisor believes that over time the value of a diversified portfolio will tend to move in the same direction as the market indices upon which the futures are based.

Where futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities before the Fund is able to invest its cash (or cash equivalents) in securities (or options) in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline instead. If the Fund then decides not to invest in securities or options at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, it will realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of securities purchased.

In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the futures and the securities being hedged, the price of futures may not correlate perfectly with movement in the stock index or cash market due to certain market distortions. All participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the index or cash market and futures markets. In addition, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. As a result of price distortions in the futures market and the imperfect correlation between movements in the cash market and the price of securities and movements in the price of futures, a correct forecast of general trends by the Sub-Advisor may still not result in a successful hedging transaction over a very short time frame.

 

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Positions in futures may be closed out only on an exchange or board of trade which provides a secondary market for such futures. Although the Fund may intend to purchase or sell futures only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures position, and in the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin. When futures contracts have been used to hedge portfolio securities, such securities will not be sold until the futures contract can be terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the price of the securities, if any, may partially or completely offset losses on the futures contract. However, as described above, there is no guarantee that the price of the securities will in fact correlate with the price movements in the futures contract and thus provide an offset to losses on a futures contract.

Most United States futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of futures contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.

Successful use of futures by the Fund is also subject to the Sub-Advisor’s ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. For example, if the Fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the market adversely affecting stocks held in its portfolio and stock prices increase instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of the stocks which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements. Such sales of securities may be, but will not necessarily be, at increased prices which reflect the rising market. The Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.

In the event of the bankruptcy of a broker through which the Fund engages in transactions in futures contracts or options, the Fund could experience delays and losses in liquidating open positions purchased or sold through the broker, and incur a loss of all or part of its margin deposits with the broker.

Options on Futures Contracts. As described above, the Fund may purchase options on the futures contracts they can purchase or sell. A futures option gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy (call) from or sell (put) to the writer of the option a futures contract at a specified price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the writer of the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures contract, the holder or writer of an option has the right to terminate its position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling, or purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into the closing transaction will realize a gain or loss. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.

Investments in futures options involve some of the same considerations as investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid secondary market). In addition, the purchase of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to either the futures contract upon which it is based, or upon the price of the securities being hedged, an option may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract or such securities. In general, the market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market prices on the underlying futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to the Fund because the maximum amount at risk is limited to the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs).

 

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Restrictions on the Use of Futures Contracts and Related Options. The Fund may engage in transactions in futures contracts or related options primarily as a hedge against changes resulting from market conditions in the values of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio or which it intends to purchase and where the transactions are economically appropriate to the reduction of risks inherent in the ongoing management of the Fund. A Fund may not purchase or sell futures or purchase related options for purposes other than bona fide hedging if, immediately thereafter, more than 25% of its total assets would be hedged. The Fund also may not purchase or sell futures or purchase related options if, immediately thereafter, the sum of the amount of margin deposits on the Fund’s existing futures positions and premiums paid for such options would exceed 5% of the market value of the Fund’s total assets.

These restrictions, which are derived from current federal regulations regarding the use of options and futures by mutual funds, are not “fundamental restrictions” and may be changed by the Trustees of the Trust if applicable law permits such a change and the change is consistent with the overall investment objective and policies of the Fund.

The extent to which the Fund may enter into futures and options transactions may be limited by the Code requirements for qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company. See “Taxation.”

Exclusion from Definition of Commodity Pool Operator

The Fund is operated by a person who has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended (“CEA”), pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the CEA promulgated by the CFTC. Therefore, neither the Fund nor the Advisor is subject to registrations or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA. Effective December 31, 2012, in order to claim the Rule 4.5 exclusion, the Fund is limited in its ability to invest in certain financial instruments regulated under the CEA (“commodity interests”), including futures, options and certain swaps (including securities futures, broad-based stock index futures and financial futures contracts). In the event that the Fund’s investments in commodity interests are not within the thresholds set forth in the Rule 4.5 exclusion, the Advisor may be required to register as a “commodity pool operator” and/or “commodity trading advisor” with the CFTC with respect to the Fund, which may increase the Fund’s expenses and adversely affect the Fund’s total returns. The Advisor’s eligibility to claim the 4.5 exclusion with respect to the Fund will be based upon, among other things, the level and scope of the Fund’s investments in commodity interests, the purposes of such investments and the manner in which the Fund holds out its use of commodity interests. As a result, in the future, the Fund will be more limited in their ability to invest in commodity interests than in the past, which may negatively impact on the ability of the Advisor to manage the Fund and the Fund’s performance.

Repurchase Agreements

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be creditworthy by the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor, subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase and the Fund’s agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund holding the repurchase agreement will suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund’s rights with respect to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans under the 1940 Act, and the total repurchase agreements of the Fund are limited to 33-1/3% of its total assets.

 

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Reverse Repurchase Agreements

The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund typically will invest the proceeds of a reverse repurchase agreement in money market instruments or repurchase agreements maturing not later than the expiration of the reverse repurchase agreement. The Fund may use the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements to provide liquidity to meet redemption requests when sale of the Fund’s securities is disadvantageous.

The Fund causes its custodian to segregate liquid assets, such as cash, U.S. Government securities or other high-grade liquid debt securities equal in value to its obligations (including accrued interest) with respect to reverse repurchase agreements. In segregating such assets, the custodian either places such securities in a segregated account or separately identifies such assets and renders them unavailable for investment. Such assets are marked to market daily to ensure full collateralization is maintained.

Dollar Roll Transactions

The Fund may enter into dollar roll transactions. A dollar roll transaction involves a sale by the Fund of a security to a financial institution concurrently with an agreement by the Fund to purchase a similar security from the institution at a later date at an agreed-upon price. The securities that are repurchased will bear the same interest rate as those sold, but generally will be collateralized by different pools of mortgages with different prepayment histories than those sold. During the period between the sale and repurchase, the Fund will not be entitled to receive interest and principal payments on the securities sold. Proceeds of the sale will be invested in additional portfolio securities of the Fund, and the income from these investments, together with any additional fee income received on the sale, may or may not generate income for the Fund exceeding the yield on the securities sold.

At the time the Fund enters into a dollar roll transaction, it causes its custodian to segregate liquid assets such as cash, U.S. Government securities or other high-grade liquid debt securities having a value equal to the purchase price for the similar security (including accrued interest) and subsequently marks the assets to market daily to ensure that full collateralization is maintained.

When-Issued Securities, Forward Commitments and Delayed Settlements

The Fund may purchase securities on a “when-issued,” forward commitment or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will set aside, and the Fund will identify on its books, cash or liquid portfolio securities equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to place additional assets in the separate account in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund’s commitment. It may be expected that the Fund’s net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.

The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives. Because the Fund will set aside cash or liquid portfolio securities to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described, the Fund’s liquidity and the ability of the Sub-Advisor to manage it may be affected in the event the Fund’s forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.

The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued, forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the Fund’s incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to be advantageous.

 

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The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase, forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the settlement date.

Zero-Coupon, Step-Coupon and Pay-in-Kind Securities

The Fund may invest in zero-coupon, step-coupon and pay-in-kind securities. These securities are debt securities that do not make regular cash interest payments. Zero-coupon and step-coupon securities are sold at a deep discount to their face value. Pay-in-kind securities pay interest through the issuance of additional securities. Because these securities do not pay current cash income, the price of these securities can be volatile when interest rates fluctuate. While these securities do not pay current cash income, the Code requires the holders of these securities to include in income each year the portion of the original issue discount (or deemed discount) and other non-cash income on the securities accruing that year. The Fund may be required to distribute a portion of that discount and income and may be required to dispose of other portfolio securities, which may occur in periods of adverse market prices, in order to generate cash to meet these distribution requirements.

Borrowing

The Fund is authorized to borrow money from banks from time to time for temporary, extraordinary or emergency purposes or for clearance of transactions in amounts up to 20% of the value of its total assets at the time of such borrowing. The Fund is authorized to borrow money in amounts up to 5% of the value of its total assets at the time of such borrowing s for temporary purposes and is authorized to borrow money in excess of the 5% limit as permitted by the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (i.e., total assets including borrowings less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of at least 300% of the amount borrowed. If the 300% asset coverage declines as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time. The use of borrowing by the Fund involves special risk considerations that may not be associated with other funds having similar objectives and policies. Since substantially all of the Fund’s assets fluctuate in value, whereas the interest obligation resulting from a borrowing will be fixed by the terms of the Fund’s agreement with its lender, the asset value per share of the Fund will tend to increase more when its portfolio securities increase in value and to decrease more when its portfolio assets decrease in value than would otherwise be the case if the Fund did not borrow funds. In addition, interest costs on borrowings may fluctuate with changing market rates of interest and may partially offset or exceed the return earned on borrowed funds. Under adverse market conditions, the Fund might have to sell portfolio securities to meet interest or principal payments at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales.

Lending Portfolio Securities

The Fund may lend its investment securities to approved institutional borrowers who need to borrow securities in order to complete certain transactions, such as covering short sales, avoiding failures to deliver securities or completing arbitrage operations. By lending its investment securities, the Fund attempts to increase its net investment income through the receipt of interest on the loan. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities loaned that might occur during the term of the loan would belong to the Fund. The Fund may lend its investment securities so long as the terms, structure and the aggregate amount of such loans are not inconsistent with the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations or interpretations of the SEC thereunder, which currently require that (i) the loan collateral must be equal to at least 100% of the value of the loaned securities, and the borrower must increase such collateral such that it remains equal to 100% of the value of the loaned securities whenever the price of the loaned securities increases (i.e., mark to market on a daily basis); (ii) the Fund must be able to terminate the loan at any time; (iii) the Fund must receive reasonable interest on the loan, as well as any dividends, interest or

 

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other distributions payable on the loaned securities, and any increase in market value; (iv) the Fund may pay reasonable custodial fees in connection with the lending of portfolio securities, which fees must be negotiated by the Fund and the custodian and be approved by the Board; and (v) although the voting rights may pass with the lending of securities, the Board must be obligated to call the loan in time to vote the securities if a material event affecting the investment on loan is to occur.

The primary risk in securities lending is default by the borrower as the value of the borrowed security rises, resulting in a deficiency in the collateral posted by the borrower. The Fund seeks to minimize this risk by computing the value of the security loaned on a daily basis and requiring additional collateral if necessary.

The Board has appointed State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Fund’s custodian, as securities lending agent for the Fund’s securities lending activity. The securities lending agent maintains a list of broker-dealers, banks or other institutions that it has determined to be creditworthy. The Fund will only enter into loan arrangements with borrowers on this list and will not lend its securities to be sold short.

Short Sales

The Fund is authorized to make short sales of securities which it does not own or have the right to acquire. In a short sale, the Fund sells a security that it does not own, in anticipation of a decline in the market value of the security. To complete the sale, the Fund must borrow the security (generally from the broker through which the short sale is made) in order to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The Fund is said to have a “short position” in the securities sold until it delivers them to the broker. The period during which the Fund has a short position can range from one day to more than a year. Until the security is replaced, the proceeds of the short sale are retained by the broker, and the Fund is required to pay to the broker a negotiated portion of any dividends or interest that accrue during the period of the loan. To meet current margin requirements, the Fund is also required to deposit with the broker additional cash or securities so that the total deposit with the broker is maintained daily at 150% of the current market value of the securities sold short (100% of the current market value if a security is held in the account that is convertible or exchangeable into the security sold short within 90 days without restriction other than the payment of money).

Short sales by the Fund create opportunities to increase the Fund’s return but, at the same time, involve specific risk considerations and may be considered a speculative technique. Since the Fund in effect profits from a decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, the Fund’s NAV per share will tend to increase more when the securities it has sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities it has sold short increase in value, than would otherwise be the case if it had not engaged in such short sales. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale. Furthermore, under adverse market conditions the Fund might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales.

Illiquid Securities

The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in illiquid securities, including restricted securities that are not deemed to be liquid by the Sub-Advisor. The Advisor and the Sub-Advisor will monitor the amount of illiquid securities in the Fund’s portfolio, under the supervision of the Board, to ensure compliance with the Fund’s investment restrictions. In accordance with procedures approved by the Board, these securities may be valued using techniques other than market quotations, and the values established for these securities may be different than what would be produced through the use of another methodology or if they had been priced using market quotations. Illiquid securities and other portfolio securities that are valued using techniques other than market quotations, including “fair valued” securities, may be subject to greater fluctuation in their value from one day to the next than would be the case if market quotations were used. In addition, there is no assurance that the Fund could sell a portfolio security for the value established for it at any time, and it is possible that the Fund would incur a loss because a portfolio security is sold at a discount to its established value.

 

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Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), securities which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption within seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.

In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuer’s ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act, the Sub-Advisor, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board, may determine that such securities are not illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on resale will be deemed illiquid.

Exchange-Traded Funds

The Fund may invest in exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), which are a type of index fund bought and sold on a securities exchange. An ETF trades like common stock and represents a fixed portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market index. The Fund could purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market while awaiting purchase of underlying securities. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities they are designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile and ETFs have management fees that increase their costs. ETFs are also subject to other risks, including the risk that their prices may not correlate perfectly with changes in the underlying index and the risk of possible trading halts due to market conditions or other reasons that, in the view of the exchange upon which an ETF trades, would make trading in the ETF inadvisable. An exchange-traded sector fund may also be adversely affected by the performance of that specific sector or group of industries on which it is based. Investments in ETFs are generally subject to limits in the 1940 Act on investments in other investment companies.

Initial Public Offerings

The Fund may purchase securities of companies in initial public offerings (“IPOs”). By definition, IPOs have not traded publicly until the time of their offerings. Special risks associated with IPOs may include a limited number of shares available for trading, unseasoned trading, lack of investor knowledge of the company, and limited operating history, all of which may contribute to price volatility. Many IPOs are issued by undercapitalized companies of small- or micro-cap size. The effect of IPOs on the Fund’s performance depends on a variety of factors, including the number of IPOs the Fund invests in relative to the size of the Fund and whether and to what extent a security purchased in an IPO appreciates or depreciates in value. As the Fund’s asset base increases, IPOs often have a diminished effect on the Fund’s performance.

 

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Risks of Investing in Small Companies

The Fund will invest in securities of small companies. Additional risks of such investments include the markets on which such securities are frequently traded. In many instances the securities of smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Therefore, the securities of smaller companies may be subject to greater and more abrupt price fluctuations. When making large sales, the Fund may have to sell portfolio holdings at discounts from quoted prices or may have to make a series of small sales over an extended period of time due to the trading volume of smaller company securities. Investors should be aware that, based on the foregoing factors, an investment in the Fund may be subject to greater price fluctuations than an investment in a fund that invests exclusively in larger, more established companies. The Sub-Advisor’s research efforts may also play a greater role in selecting securities for the Fund than in a fund that invests in larger, more established companies.

Large Shareholder Purchase and Redemption Risk

The Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Such large shareholder redemptions may cause the Fund to sell its securities at times when it would not otherwise do so, which may negatively impact the Fund’s net asset value and liquidity. Similarly, large share purchases may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing new cash and is required to maintain a larger cash position than it ordinarily would. In addition, a large redemption could result in the Fund’s current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio.

Risks of Increased Reliance on Data Analytics

In recent years, the asset management business has become increasingly dependent on data analytics to support portfolio management, investment operations and compliance. The Advisor’s and Sub-Advisor’s regulators have also substantially increased the extent and complexity of the data analytic component of compliance requirements. A failure to source accurate data from third parties or to correctly analyze, integrate or apply data could result in operational, trade or compliance errors, could cause portfolio losses, and could lead to regulatory concerns.

Investment Restrictions

The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the favorable vote of the holders of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the “vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the vote of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified; i.e., as to 75% of the value of its total assets: (i) no more than 5% of the value of its total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities); and (ii) the Fund may not purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer. The Fund’s investment objective is also fundamental.

The following fundamental investment restrictions pertain to the Fund.

The Fund may not:

1.    Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that (i) the Fund may borrow on an unsecured basis from banks for temporary or emergency purposes or for the clearance of transactions in amounts not exceeding 20% of its total assets (not including the amount borrowed), provided that it will not make investments while borrowings in excess of 5% of the value of its total assets are outstanding; and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options, futures and foreign currency transactions or short sales.

 

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2.    Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of transactions.

3.    Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment portfolio).

4.    Invest 25% or more of its net assets, calculated at the time of purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S. Government securities).

5.    Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or deal in real estate).

6.    Purchase or sell commodities or contracts on commodities, except to the extent that the Fund may do so in accordance with applicable law and the Fund’s Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, as they may be amended from time to time, and without registering as a commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act.

7.    Invest in oil and gas limited partnerships or oil, gas or mineral leases.

8.    Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase agreements).

9.    Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management.

With respect to the restriction on investments in oil and gas limited partnerships specified in restriction 7, only direct investment in oil and gas limited partnerships are prohibited. Therefore, the Fund may invest in publicly traded master limited partnerships, public limited partnerships or other investment vehicles that invest in oil and gas limited partnerships.

The Fund observes the following non-fundamental restrictions, which may be changed by a vote of the Board at any time:

The Fund may not:

1.    Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase any other investment company’s voting securities or make any other investment in other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law. (Generally, the 1940 Act prohibits the Fund from investing more than 5% of the value of its total assets in any one investment company or more than 10% of the value of its total assets in investment companies as a group, and also restricts its investment in any investment company to 3% of the voting securities of such investment company. There are some exceptions, however, to these limitations pursuant to various rules promulgated by the SEC.)

2.    Invest more than 15% of its net assets in securities that are restricted as to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or have no readily available market (except for securities that are determined by the Sub-Advisor, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board, to be liquid).

 

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BOARD OF TRUSTEES

The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is vested with its Board, which is responsible for protecting the interests of shareholders. The Trustees are experienced executives who meet throughout the year to oversee the activities of the Fund, review the compensation arrangements between the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor, review contractual arrangements with companies that provide services to the Fund, including the Advisor, Sub-Advisor, and the Fund’s administrator, custodian and transfer agent, and review the Fund’s performance. The day-to-day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to the Fund’s investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the Board. A majority of the Trustees are not otherwise affiliated with the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor.

Independent Trustees*

 

Name, Address and
Year Born

  

Position(s)
Held with the
Trust

  

Term of
Office
and Length
of
Time Served

  

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years

   # of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by
Trustee
  

Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During
Past Five
Years

Julie Allecta

1676 N. California Blvd.,

Suite 500

Walnut Creek, CA 94596

(born 1946)

   Independent Trustee    Open-ended term; served since June 2013    Member of Governing Council, Policy Committee Chair and Executive Committee member, Independent Directors Council (education for investment company independent directors) since 2014; Director, Northern California Society of Botanical Artists (botanical art) since 2014; and Retired Partner, Paul Hastings LLP (law firm) from 1999 to 2009.    6   

Forward Funds (4 portfolios)

 

Salient MS Trust (2 portfolios)

 

Salient Midstream & MLP Fund (1 portfolio)

Frederick A. Eigenbrod, Jr.,

Ph.D.

1676 N. California Blvd.,

Suite 500

Walnut Creek, CA 94596

(born 1941)

   Independent Trustee   

Open-ended term;

served since inception

   Vice President, RoutSource Consulting Services (organizational planning and development) since 2002.    6    None

Harold M. Shefrin, Ph.D.

1676 N. California Blvd., Suite 500

Walnut Creek, CA 94596

(born 1948)

   Independent Trustee    Open-ended term; served since February 2005    Professor, Department of Finance, Santa Clara University since 1979.    6    SA Funds – Investment Trust (10 portfolios)

 

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Interested Trustees & Officers

 

Name, Address and
Year Born

  

Position(s)
Held with the
Trust

  

Term of
Office
and Length
of
Time Served

  

Principal Occupation(s)

During Past Five Years

  

# of
Portfolios
in Fund

Complex
Overseen
by
Trustee

  

Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee/

Officer During
Past Five
Years

Jeremy DeGroot**

1676 N. California Blvd., Suite 500

Walnut Creek, CA 94596

(born 1963)

   Chairman of the Board, Trustee and President   

Open-ended term;

served as a Chairman since March 2017, Trustee since December 2008 and President since 2014

   Chief Investment Officer of Litman Gregory Asset Management, LLC since 2008; and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Litman Gregory Asset Management, LLC from 2003 to 2008.    6    None

Stephen Savage

1676 N. California Blvd., Suite 500

Walnut Creek, CA 94596

(born 1961)

   Secretary   

Open-ended term;

served since 2014

   Chief Executive Officer of the Advisor since 2015; Managing Partner of the Advisor since 2010; Partner of the Advisor from 2003 to 2010.    N/A    None

John Coughlan

1676 N. California Blvd., Suite 500

Walnut Creek, CA 94596

(born 1956)

   Treasurer and Chief Compliance Officer    Open-ended term; served as Treasurer since inception, and as Chief Compliance Officer since September 2004    Chief Operating Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of the Advisor since 2004.    N/A    None

 

*

Denotes Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as such term is defined under the 1940 Act (the “Independent Trustees”).

**

Denotes Trustees who are “interested persons” of the Trust, as such term is defined under the 1940 Act, because of their relationship with the Advisor (the “Interested Trustees”).

In addition, Jack Chee, Rajat Jain, and Jason Steuerwalt, each a Senior Research Analyst at the Advisor, are each an Assistant Secretary of the Trust.

Additional Information Concerning Our Board of Trustees

The Role of the Board

The Board oversees the management and operations of the Trust. Like most mutual funds, the day-to-day management and operation of the Trust is performed by various service providers to the Trust, such as the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, and the Fund’s distributor, administrator, custodian, and transfer agent, each of which is discussed in greater detail in this SAI. The Board has appointed senior employees of certain of these service providers as

 

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officers of the Trust, with the responsibility to monitor and report to the Board on the Trust’s operations. In conducting this oversight, the Board receives regular reports from these officers and service providers regarding the Trust’s operations. For example, investment officers report on the performance of the Fund. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who administers the Trust’s compliance program and regularly reports to the Board as to compliance matters. Some of these reports are provided as part of formal “Board Meetings,” which are typically held quarterly, in person, and involve the Board’s review of recent Trust operations. From time to time, one or more members of the Board may also meet with management in less formal settings, between formal “Board Meetings,” to discuss various topics. In all cases, however, the role of the Board and of any individual Trustee is one of oversight and not of management of the day-to-day affairs of the Trust and its oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Trust’s investments, portfolio pricing, operations or activities.

Board Structure, Leadership

The Board has structured itself in a manner that it believes allows it to perform its oversight function effectively. It has established three standing committees, an Audit Committee, a Nominating Committee and a Qualified Legal Compliance Committee, which are discussed in greater detail under “ Board of Trustees – Board Committees” below. Each of the three standing committees of the Board is comprised entirely of Independent Trustees. The Board does not currently have a designated lead Independent Trustee. The Independent Trustees have engaged their own independent counsel to advise them on matters relating to their responsibilities in connection with the Trust. The Board reviews its leadership structure periodically as part of its annual self-assessment process and believes that its structure is appropriate to enable the Board to exercise its oversight of the Trust.

Presently, Mr. DeGroot serves as the Chairman of the Board and President of the Trust and Chief Investment Officer of the Advisor. Mr. DeGroot is an “interested person” of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act, by virtue of his employment relationship with the Advisor. In developing the Board’s structure, the Board has determined that Mr. DeGroot’s history with the Trust, familiarity with the Fund’s investment objectives and extensive experience in the field of investments qualifies him to serve as the Chairman of the Board. The Board has also determined that the function and composition of the Audit Committee and Nominating Committees are appropriate means to address any potential conflicts of interest that may arise from the Chairman’s status as an Interested Trustee.

Board Oversight of Risk Management

As part of its oversight function, the Board receives and reviews various risk management reports and assessments and discusses these matters with appropriate management and other personnel. Risk management is a broad concept comprised of many disparate elements (such as, for example, investment risk, issuer and counterparty risk, compliance risk, operational risk, valuation risk and business continuity risk). Consequently, Board oversight of different types of risks is handled in different ways. In the course of providing oversight, the Board and its committees receive reports on the Trust’s activities regarding the Trust’s investment portfolios and its financial accounting and reporting. The Board also receives periodic reports as to how the Advisor conducts service provider oversight and how it monitors for other risks, such as derivatives risk, business continuity risks and risks that might be present with the Sub-Advisor or specific investment strategies. The Audit Committee meets regularly with the Chief Compliance Officer to discuss compliance and operational risks. The Audit Committee’s meetings with the Treasurer and the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm also contribute to its oversight of certain internal control risks. The full Board receives reports from the Advisor as to investment risks as well as other risks that may be also discussed in the Audit Committee.

The Board receives regular reports from a “Valuation Committee,” composed of the following senior employees of the Advisor: John Coughlan, Jeremy DeGroot, Jack Chee, Rajat Jain and Jason Steuerwalt. The Valuation Committee operates pursuant to the Trust’s Valuation Procedures, as approved by the Board. The Valuation Committee reports to the Board on the valuation of the Fund’s portfolio securities, reviews the performance of each approved pricing service, and recommends to the Board for approval pricing agents for the valuation of Fund holdings.

 

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The Trust believes that the Board’s role in risk oversight must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and that its existing role in risk oversight is appropriate. However, not all risks that may affect the Trust can be identified or processes and controls developed to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects, and some risks are beyond any control of the Trust, the Advisor or its affiliates or other service providers.

Information about Each Trustee’s Qualification, Experience, Attributes or Skills

The Board believes that each of the Trustees has the qualifications, experience, attributes and skills (“Trustee Attributes”) appropriate to their continued service as Trustees of the Trust in light of the Trust’s business and structure. Each of the Trustees has a demonstrated record of business and professional accomplishment that indicates that they have the ability to critically review, evaluate and assess information provided to them. Certain of these business and professional experiences are set forth in detail in the charts above. In addition, certain of the Trustees have served on boards for organizations other than the Trust, and each of the Trustees has served on the Board of the Trust for a number of years. They therefore have substantial boardroom experience and, in their service to the Trust, have gained substantial insight as to the operation of the Trust and have demonstrated a commitment to discharging oversight duties as Trustees in the interest of shareholders.

In addition to the information provided in the charts above, certain additional information concerning each particular Trustee and certain of their Trustee Attributes is provided below. The information provided below, and in the charts above, is not all-inclusive. Many Trustee Attributes involve intangible elements, such as intelligence, work ethic, and the ability to work together, to communicate effectively, to exercise judgment, to ask incisive questions, to manage people and problems, and to develop solutions. The Board annually conducts a self-assessment wherein the effectiveness of the Board and individual Trustees is reviewed. In conducting its annual self-assessment, the Board has determined that the Trustees have the appropriate attributes and experience to continue to serve effectively as Trustees of the Trust.

The summaries set forth below as to the qualifications, attributes, and skills of the Trustees are furnished in response to disclosure requirements imposed by the SEC, do not constitute any representation or guarantee that the Board or any Trustee has any special expertise or experience, and do not impose any greater or additional responsibility or obligation on, or change any standard of care applicable to, any such person or the Board as a whole than otherwise would be the case.

Mr. DeGroot’s Trustee Attributes include his position as principal and Chief Investment Officer of Litman Gregory Asset Management, LLC (“LGAM”). In this position, Mr. DeGroot is responsible for overseeing Sub-Advisor due diligence, asset class research and portfolio tactical allocation decisions. Mr. DeGroot is also Portfolio Manager of the Litman Gregory Masters Alternative Strategies Fund and Co-Portfolio Manager of the Litman Gregory Masters Equity Fund, the Litman Gregory Masters International Fund, the Litman Gregory Masters Smaller Companies Fund and the Litman Gregory Masters High Income Alternatives Fund. He is frequently quoted in the national media in the areas of asset allocation and manager selection. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst® (CFA®) designation. Mr. DeGroot also has prior experience as an economics consultant and economist.

Ms. Allecta’s Trustee Attributes include her significant professional experience in the legal field as counsel to various mutual funds and private funds. Ms. Allecta also has mutual fund board experience, having served on the board of trustees of Forward Funds since 2012, the advisory board of Forward Funds since 2010, and the board of trustees of the Salient MS Trust since 2015. Ms. Allecta has also been a member of the Governing Council of the Independent Directors Council since 2014.

Mr. Eigenbrod’s Trustee Attributes include his significant business advisory experience serving on the Board of Directors for Right Management Consultants providing management and organizational development consulting service as an independent consultant and executive coach.

 

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Mr. Shefrin’s Trustee Attributes include his distinguished academic career as a Professor at Santa Clara University, where he teaches finance. Mr. Shefrin also has a number of years of mutual fund board experience, having served on the board of trustees of SA Funds - Investment Trust since 1999.

Board Committees

The Board has three standing committees as described below:

Audit Committee

 

Members    Description    Committee Meetings
During Fiscal Year Ended
December 31, 2018

Julie Allecta

Frederick A. Eigenbrod, Jr., Ph.D.

Harold M. Shefrin, Ph.D. (Chairman)

   Responsible for advising the full Board with respect to accounting, auditing and financial matters affecting the Trust.    3

Qualified Legal Compliance Committee

 

Members    Description    Committee Meetings
During Fiscal Year Ended
December 31, 2018

Julie Allecta

Frederick A. Eigenbrod, Jr., Ph.D.

Harold M. Shefrin, Ph.D.

   Responsible for the receipt, review and consideration of any report made or referred to it by an attorney of evidence of a material violation of applicable U.S. federal or state securities law, material breach of a fiduciary duty under U.S. federal or state law or a similar material violation by the Trust or by any officer, Trustee, employee or agent of the Trust    0

Nominating Committee

 

Members    Description    Committee Meetings
During Fiscal Year Ended
December 31, 2018

Julie Allecta

Frederick A. Eigenbrod, Jr., Ph.D. (Chairman)

Harold M. Shefrin, Ph.D.

   Responsible for evaluating the size and compensation of the Board and seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for Trustees.    0

 

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Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares

As of December 31, 2018, the Trustees owned the following dollar range of shares of the Funds (1). The Fund is not included in the table below because it had not commenced operations as of December 31, 2018.

 

Name of Trustee

   Equity
Fund
     International
Fund
     Smaller
Companies
Fund
     Alternative
Strategies
Fund
     High Income
Alternatives
Fund
     Aggregate Dollar Range
of Equity Securities in
all Registered
Investment Companies
Overseen by Trustee in
Family of Investment
Companies (2)
 

Independent Trustees

                 

Julie Allecta

     A        A        A        A        E        E  

Frederick A. Eigenbrod, Jr., Ph.D.

     D        C        A        D        D        E  

Harold M. Shefrin, Ph.D.

     A        D        A        A        A        D  

Interested Trustees

                 

Jeremy DeGroot

     E        E        E        E        E        E  

 

(1)

Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund:

A=None

B=$1-$10,000

C=$10,001-$50,000

D=$50,001-$100,000

E= Over $100,000

(2)

As of December 31, 2018, the Trustees each oversaw five registered investment companies in the fund complex.

Trustee Interest in Investment Advisor, Distributor or Affiliates

As of December 31, 2018, the Independent Trustees, and their respective immediate family members, did not own any securities beneficially or of record in the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”) or any of their respective affiliates. Further, the Independent Trustees and their respective immediate family members did not have a direct or indirect interest, the value of which exceeds $120,000, in the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, the Distributor, or any of their respective affiliates during the two most recently completed calendar years.

Compensation

For the year ended December 31, 2018 each Independent Trustee received an annual fee of $90,000, allocated $9,000 per Fund with the remaining balance pro-rated quarterly based on each Litman Gregory Masters Fund’s assets, plus expenses incurred by the Trustees in connection with attendance at meetings of the Board and its committees. Effective January 1, 2019, each Independent Trustee receives an annual fee of $100,000, allocated $9,000 per Litman Gregory Masters Fund with the remaining balance pro-rated quarterly based on each Litman Gregory Masters Fund’s assets, plus expenses incurred by the Trustees in connection with attendance at meetings of the Board and its committees.

As of the date of this SAI, to the best of the knowledge of the Trust, the Board and the officers of the Funds, as a group, owned of record less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each Litman Gregory Masters Fund.

The table below illustrates the annual compensation paid to each Trustee of the Trust during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. The Fund is not included in the table below because it had not commenced operations as of December 31, 2018.

 

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Aggregate Compensation from

 

                      

Name of Person, Position

   Equity
Fund
     International
Fund
     Smaller
Companies
Fund
     Alternative
Strategies

Fund
     High Income
Alternatives
Fund
     Pension or
Retirement
Benefits
Accrued as
Part of Fund
Expenses
     Estimated
Annual
Benefits
Upon
Retirement
     Total
Compensation
from Trust
Paid to
Trustees
 

Independent Trustees

                    

Julie Allecta, Trustee

   $ 16,834      $ 20,456      $ 13,209      $ 36,597      $ 2,905        None        None      $ 90,000  

Frederick A. Eigenbrod, Jr., Ph.D. Trustee

   $ 16,834      $ 20,456      $ 13,209      $ 36,597      $ 2,905        None        None      $ 90,000  

Harold M. Shefrin, Ph.D. Trustee

   $ 16,834      $ 20,456      $ 13,209      $ 36,597      $ 2,905        None        None      $ 90,000  

Interested Trustees

                    

Jeremy DeGroot, President and Trustee*

     None        None        None        None           None        None        None  

Taylor M. Welz, Trustee ^

     None        None        None        None           None        None        None  

 

*

As of December 31, 2018, Mr. DeGroot was an Interested Trustee because of his relationship with the Advisor and accordingly served on the Board without compensation.

^

Effective June 1, 2018, Mr. Welz resigned as Trustee. Mr. Welz joined LGAM as a Senior Advisor in 2019. Prior to joining LGAM, Mr. Welz was the President and Chief Compliance Officer of Welz Financial Services, Inc.

Control Persons and Principal Shareholders

A principal shareholder is any person who owns (either of record or beneficially) 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any class of any of the Fund. A control person is one who owns, either directly or indirectly, more than 25% of the voting securities of the Fund or acknowledges the existence of such control. A control person can have a significant impact on the outcome of a shareholder vote. Because the Fund is newly formed, no persons own of record or beneficially 5% or more or its outstanding shares as of [            ], 2019.

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

The Board has adopted policies to ensure that any disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings is in the best interest of Fund shareholders; and to make clear that information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings should not be distributed to any person unless:

 

   

The disclosure is required to respond to a regulatory request, court order or other legal proceedings;

 

   

The disclosure is to a mutual fund rating or statistical agency or person performing similar functions who has signed a confidentiality agreement with the Trust;

 

   

The disclosure is made to internal parties involved in the investment process, administration or custody of the Fund, including but not limited to the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and the Board;

 

   

The disclosure is (a) in connection with a quarterly, semi-annual or annual report that is available to the public or (b) relates to information that is otherwise available to the public ( e.g., portfolio information that is available on the Fund’s website); or

 

   

The disclosure is made pursuant to prior written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Advisor or the Fund, or the President of the Trust.

The Funds make their portfolio holdings publicly available on the Fund’s website 15 days after the end of each calendar quarter.

 

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The Fund does not have any individualized ongoing arrangements to make available information about the Fund’s portfolio securities to any person other than the disclosures made, as described above, to internal parties involved in the Fund’s investment process, administration or custody of the Fund. To the extent required to perform services for the Fund or the Advisor, the Fund’s or the Advisor’s legal counsel or the Fund’s auditors may obtain portfolio holdings information. Such information is provided subject to confidentiality requirements.

THE ADVISOR AND THE SUB-ADVISOR

The Advisor is a registered investment advisor with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). The Advisor is wholly owned by LGAM. Craig Litman, Kenneth Gregory and certain other senior employees of LGAM own approximately 85% of LGAM, and the remainder of LGAM is owned by a private equity firm.

Subject to the supervision of the Board, investment management and related services are provided by the Advisor to the Fund, pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Advisor are parties to the Advisory Agreement. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third party”) beneficiaries of, the Advisory Agreement. Rather, the Trust and its respective investment series are the sole intended beneficiaries of the Advisory Agreement. Neither this SAI nor the Prospectus is intended to give rise to any contract rights or other rights in any shareholder, other than any rights conferred by federal or state securities laws that may not be waived.

In addition, individual selection of securities is provided by the Sub-Advisor approved by the Board pursuant, in each case, to an investment sub-advisory agreement (each, a “Management Agreement”). Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor has agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to the selection and continued employment of Sub-Advisors to manage the actual investment of the Fund’s assets; the Fund(ii) oversee the investments made by such Sub-Advisor on behalf of the Fund, subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Board; (iii) oversee the actions of the Sub-Advisor with respect to voting proxies for the Fund, filing Section 13 ownership reports with the SEC for the Fund, and taking other actions on behalf of the Fund; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained by the Fund except to the extent arrangements have been made for such books and records to be maintained by the administrator, another agent of the Fund or the Sub-Advisor; (vi) furnish reports, statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters related to the investment of the Fund’s assets that the Fund’s administrator or distributor or the officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vii) render to the Board such periodic and special reports with respect to the Fund’s investment activities as the Board may reasonably request, including at least one in-person appearance annually before the Board.

The Advisor has agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the Advisor shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information, advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and assistance as the Advisor or the Board may desire and reasonably request. With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has agreed to be responsible for (i) providing the personnel, office space and equipment reasonably necessary for the operation of the Trust and the Fund including the provision of persons qualified to serve as officers of the Trust; (ii) compensating the Sub-Advisor selected to invest the assets of the Fund; (iii) the expenses of printing and distributing extra copies of the Fund’s prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales and advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees incurred thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders); and (iv) the costs of any special Board meetings or shareholder meetings convened for the primary benefit of the Advisor or any Sub-Advisor.

 

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Under the Management Agreement for the Fund, the Sub-Advisor agrees to invest its allocated portion of the assets of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Trust’s and the Fund’s governing documents, including, without limitation, the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund’s prospectus, statement of additional information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and procedures as the Advisor or the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing to the Sub-Advisor. In providing such services, the Sub-Advisor shall at all times adhere to the provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities laws, applicable state securities laws, the Code, and other applicable law.

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Sub-Advisor has agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to the investment of the Sub-Advisor’s allocated portion of the Fund’s assets; (ii) effect the purchase and sale of portfolio securities for the Sub-Advisor’s allocated portion or determine that a portion of such allocated portion will remain uninvested; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Sub-Advisor’s allocated portion, subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Board; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the securities in the Sub-Advisor’s allocated portion; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with respect to the securities in the Sub-Advisor’s allocated portion; (vi) furnish reports, statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters related to the investment of the Fund’s assets which the Advisor, Trustees or the officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vii) render to the Board such periodic and special reports with respect to Sub-Advisor’s allocated portion as the Board may reasonably request. For its investment sub-advisory services provided to the Fund, the Sub-Advisor is entitled to receive an annual fee paid by the Advisor equal to [             ].

As compensation for the Advisor’s services (including payment of the Sub-Advisor’s fees), the Fund pays the Advisor an advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees payable to the Advisor and the Fund’s administrator, the Trust is responsible for its operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the benefit of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian, shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily NAV and of maintaining its books of account required under the 1940 Act; taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of the Fund’s shareholders and the Board that are properly payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of members of the Board or members of any advisory board or committee who are not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the Advisor; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the Fund that inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond insurance; the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements, prospectuses and statements of additional information of the Fund or other communications for distribution to existing shareholders; legal, auditing and accounting fees; trade association dues; fees and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its shares for sale under federal and applicable state and foreign securities laws; all expenses of maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including all charges for transfer, shareholder recordkeeping, dividend disbursing, redemption, and other agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and all other charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring expenses, except as otherwise prescribed in the Advisory Agreement.

Pursuant to a separate Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement (the “Expenses Limitation Agreement”), the Advisor has also agreed to limit the ordinary operating expenses of the Fund, through [             ] (unless otherwise sooner terminated), to an annual rate of [     ]% for the Institutional Class. Such annual rate is expressed as a percentage of the daily net assets of the Fund attributable to the applicable class. Any fee waiver or expense reimbursement made by the Advisor pursuant to the Expenses Limitation Agreement is subject to the repayment by the Fund only within three (3) years of the date such amounts were waived or reimbursed, provided that the repayment does not cause the Fund’s annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (i) the expense limitation applicable at the time of that fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement or (ii) the expense limitation in effect at the time of repayment, and the repayment is approved by the Board. The Advisor has waived its right to receive reimbursement of the portion of its advisory fees waived with respect to prior periods pursuant to this agreement. The Advisor has contractually agreed through April 30, 2021, to waive a portion of its advisory fees so that after

 

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paying all of the sub-advisory fees, the net advisory fee as a percentage of the Fund’s daily net assets retained by the Advisor is 0.99%. This agreement may be terminated at any time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to the Advisor, and the Advisor may decline to renew this agreement by written notice to the Trust at least thirty (30) days before the agreement’s annual expiration date. Operating expenses referred to in this paragraph includes management fees payable to the Advisor but exclude any taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, borrowing costs (including commitment fees), dividend expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and extraordinary expenses such as but not limited to litigation costs.

Under the Advisory Agreement and each Management Agreement, the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor will not be liable to the Trust for any error of judgment by the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor or any loss sustained by the Trust except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the applicable agreement.

The Advisory Agreement and the Management Agreements remain in effect for an initial period not to exceed two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement and each Management Agreement will continue automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.

The Advisory Agreement and Management Agreements are terminable by vote of the Board or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund at any time without penalty, upon 60 days’ written notice to the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor, as applicable. The Advisory Agreement and the Management Agreements also may be terminated by the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor, as applicable, upon 60 days’ written notice to the Fund. The Advisory Agreement and the Management Agreements terminate automatically upon their assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

In determining whether to renew the Advisory Agreement and the Management Agreement each year, the Board requests and evaluates information provided by the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor, in accordance with Section 15(c) of the 1940 Act. At a Board meeting held on August 29, 2019, the Board approved the Management Agreement of the Fund for an initial two-year period from the Fund’s commencement of operations. A discussion regarding the Board’s basis for approving the Fund’s investment advisory agreement with Advisor and the Sub-Advisor will be available in the Fund’s first Annual Report or Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders following the effective date of the Fund’s registration statement.

ADDITIONAL PORTFOLIO MANAGER INFORMATION

The following section provides information regarding each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed, material conflicts of interests, and any ownership of securities in the Fund. Each portfolio manager or team member is referred to as a portfolio manager below. The portfolio managers are shown together in this section only for ease in presenting the information and should not be viewed for purposes of comparing the portfolio managers or their firms against one another. Each firm is a separate entity that may employ different compensation structures and may have different management requirements, and each portfolio manager may be affected by different conflicts of interest.

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers

The table below identifies, for each portfolio manager of the Fund, the number of accounts managed (excluding the Fund) and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. To the extent that any of these accounts are based on account performance, this information is reflected in separate tables below. Information in all tables is shown as of [             ], unless otherwise indicated. Asset amounts are approximate and have been rounded.

 

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Registered

Investment Companies
(excluding the Funds)

    

Other Pooled

Investment Vehicles

     Other Accounts  

Fund and

Portfolio Manager
(Firm)

   Number of
Accounts
     Total
Assets
in the
Accounts
     Number
of
Accounts
     Total
Assets
in the
Accounts
     Number
of
Accounts
     Total
Assets
in the
Accounts
 

Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund

                 

Jeremy DeGroot (Litman Gregory)

                 

Jack Chee (Litman Gregory)

                 

[                     ] (     )

Material Conflicts of Interest

Actual or apparent material conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one investment account or in other circumstances. Portfolio managers of the Sub-Advisor who manage other investment accounts in addition to the Fund may be presented with the potential conflicts described below.

[             ]

Sub-Advisor to the Fund

[             ]

Compensation Structure and Methods

The following section describes the structure of, and the methods used to determine the different types of compensation (e.g., salary, bonus, deferred compensation, retirement plans and arrangements) for each of the Fund’s portfolio managers as of the date of this SAI.

LITMAN GREGORY

Advisor to the Fund

Litman Gregory’s portfolio managers are compensated based on a fixed salary and a distribution of Litman Gregory’s profits commensurate with the portfolio managers’ respective ownership percentages in the parent company of the Advisor.

[             ]

Sub-Advisor to the Fund

[             ]

Portfolio Manager Securities Ownership

The table below identifies the dollar range of Fund shares beneficially owned by each portfolio manager of the Fund, as of the date of this SAI.

 

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Portfolio Manager

   Dollar Range of
Securities Owned
 

Jack Chee

     A  

Jeremy DeGroot

     A  

[             ]

     [            

Key of Dollar Ranges for Table: A - None; B - $1 to $10,000; C - $10,001 to $50,000; D - $50,001 to $100,000; E - $100,001 - $500,000; F - $500,001 - $1,000,000; G - Over $1,000,000.

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

The Board has delegated the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund to the Advisor as a part of the Advisor’s general management of the Fund, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The policy of the Trust is also to adopt the policies and procedures used by the Advisor to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by its clients.

The following information is a summary of the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor.

LITMAN GREGORY

Advisor to the Fund

It is the Advisor’s policy to vote all proxies received by the Fund in a timely manner. In general, the Advisor will vote in accordance with its pre-determined voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”). However, the Advisor reserves the right to depart from any of the Guidelines and make a voting decision on a case-by-case basis. Although many proxy proposals will be covered by the Guidelines, the Advisor recognizes that some proposals require special consideration, and the Advisor will make a decision on a case-by-case basis in these situations. Where such a case-by-case determination is required, the Advisor’s proxy voting coordinator may, but is not required to, consult with other personnel of the Advisor to determine the appropriate action on the matter.

Unless otherwise instructed by the Fund, the Advisor may, and generally will, delegate the responsibility for voting proxies relating to the Fund’s portfolio securities to one or more of the Sub-Advisor. To the extent such responsibility is delegated to the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Advisor shall assume the fiduciary duty and reporting responsibilities of the Advisor. Unless otherwise instructed by the Fund or the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor shall apply its own proxy voting policies and procedures.

The Advisor’s duty is to vote in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders. In situations where the Advisor determines that a proxy proposal raises a material conflict of interest between the interests of the Advisor, the Fund’s principal underwriter, or an affiliated person of the Advisor or the principal underwriter and that of one or more Funds, the conflict shall be resolved by voting in accordance with a predetermined voting policy. However, to the extent that (1) no pre-determined voting policy applies to the specific proposal or (2) there is an applicable pre-determined voting policy, but the Advisor has discretion to deviate from such policy, the Advisor shall disclose the conflict to the Board and seek the Board’s direction or consent to the proposed vote prior to voting on such proposal.

[             ]

Sub-Advisor to the Fund

[             ]

 

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MORE INFORMATION ABOUT PROXY VOTING

The actual voting records relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30, are available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free, 1-800-960-0188 or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures are also available without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-960-0188.

ADMINISTRATOR

State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street” or the “Administrator”) serves as the Trust’s administrator pursuant to an Administration Agreement dated September 10, 2014 (the “Administration Agreement”). State Street is a wholly owned subsidiary of State Street Corporation, a publicly held bank holding company. State Street is located at One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111. Pursuant to the Administration Agreement with the Trust, the Administrator has agreed to furnish statistical and research data, clerical services, and stationery and office supplies; prepare various reports for filing with the appropriate regulatory agencies; and prepare various materials required by the SEC or any state securities commission having jurisdiction over the Trust. The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator performing services thereunder shall not be liable under the Administration Agreement except for the negligence or willful misconduct of the Administrator, its officers or employees. As compensation for these services, the Fund pays State Street an annual administration fee based upon a percentage of the average net assets of the Fund.

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

The Management Agreement states that, with respect to the segment of the Fund’s portfolio allocated to the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Advisor shall be responsible for broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates, provided that the Sub-Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the Sub-Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or dealer by the Board. In general, the Sub-Advisor’s primary consideration in effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable cost or proceeds under the circumstances. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the Sub-Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available; the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.

Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board may determine, the Sub-Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by its Management Agreement with the Fund or otherwise solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Sub-Advisor a commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, if the Sub-Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the Sub-Advisor’s or Advisor’s overall responsibilities with respect to the Fund or other advisory clients. The Sub-Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor or any affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as the Sub-Advisor shall determine. The Sub-Advisor shall report on such allocations regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom such allocations have been made and the basis for such allocations.

On occasions when the Sub-Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Sub-Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution. In such event, allocation of the securities so

 

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purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Sub-Advisor in the manner it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.

Distribution of Fund Shares

The Fund’s principal underwriter is ALPS Distributors, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203. The Distributor is engaged on a non-exclusive basis to assist in the distribution of shares in various jurisdictions. The Distributor is compensated for performing this service by the Advisor and is not paid by the Funds.

Distribution Plan

The Trust has adopted a Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Distribution Plan”) on behalf of the Investor Class of certain Funds.

Currently, the Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund is authorized to issue one class of shares Institutional Class shares and therefore the Distribution Plan does not apply to shareholders of the Fund..

Other Shareholder Servicing Expenses Paid by the Fund

The Fund makes payments to financial intermediaries for certain sub-recordkeeping, sub-transfer agent or similar services provided by financial intermediaries in amounts determined by the Fund’s Board of Trustees to represent reasonable amounts for those services. These expenses paid by the Fund would remain subject to any overall expense limitation applicable to the Fund. These expenses are in addition to any supplemental amounts the Advisor pays out of its own resources.

The prospect of receiving, or the receipt of additional payments or other compensation as described above by financial intermediaries may provide financial intermediaries and/or their salespersons with an incentive to favor sales of shares of the Fund, and other mutual funds whose affiliates make similar compensation available, over sale of shares of mutual funds (or non-mutual fund investments) not making such payments. You may wish to take these payment arrangements into account when considering and evaluating any recommendations relating to the Fund’s shares.

The table below identifies the financial intermediaries who received compensation from the Litman Gregory Masters Funds for providing sub-recordkeeping, sub-transfer agency or similar services during the calendar year ended December 31, 2019:

Firm

[Bank of America Merrill Lynch

Charles Schwab

Fidelity Investments

Great West Financial Services

LPL Financial

Massachusetts Mutual

National Financial Services, LLC (Fidelity Brokerage)

Nationwide

Pershing LLC

TD – Ameritrade

Vanguard]

 

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Payments by the Advisor

Set forth below is a list of the member firms of FINRA to which the Advisor, or its affiliates, made payments out of their revenues in connection with the sale and distribution of the Litman Gregory Masters Funds’ shares or for services to the Funds and their shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2019. Any additions, modifications, or deletions to the FINRA member firms identified in this list since December 31, 2019 are not reflected:

FINRA member firms

[Raymond James]

The Advisor or its affiliates may also make payments to selling and shareholder servicing agents that are not FINRA member firms and that sell shares of or provide services to the Funds and their shareholders, such as banks, insurance companies and plan administrators. These firms are not included on the list above, although they may be affiliated with companies on the above list.

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of time they have been held when, in the opinion of the Sub-Advisor, investment considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (2) the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Fund’s portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally leads to higher transaction costs and may result in a greater number of taxable transactions as compared to the costs and taxable transactions of an investment company that holds investments for a longer period. The Advisor does not expect the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate to exceed 150% in most years.

NET ASSET VALUE

The NAV of the Fund’s shares will fluctuate and is determined as of the close of trading on the NYSE (currently, 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) each business day that the NYSE is open for trading. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent announcement indicates that the NYSE will not be open on the following days: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King’s Birthday, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However, the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.

The NAV per share is computed by dividing the value of the securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such time.

Generally, trading in and valuation of foreign securities is substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of the NYSE. In addition, trading in and valuation of foreign securities may not take place on every day in which the NYSE is open for trading. In that case, the price used to determine the Fund’s NAV on the last day on which such exchange was open will be used, unless the Board determines that a different price should be used. Furthermore, trading takes place in various foreign markets on days in which the NYSE is not open for trading and on which the Fund’s NAV is not calculated. Occasionally, events affecting the values of such securities in U.S. dollars on a day on which the Fund calculates its NAV may occur between the times when such securities are valued and the close of the NYSE which will not be reflected in the computation of the Fund’s NAV unless the Board or its delegates deem that such events would materially affect the NAV, in which case an adjustment would be made.

 

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Generally, the Fund’s investments are valued on the basis of market quotations. Securities or assets for which market quotations are not available, or for which the pricing service approved by the Board does not provide a valuation or provides a valuation that in the judgment of the Sub-Advisor, with the concurrence of the Advisor, is stale or does not represent the fair value of such securities or assets, shall be valued by the Valuation Committee in consultation with the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, and the Administrator pursuant to procedures approved by the Board.

The Fund’s securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded on securities exchanges, are generally determined on the basis of the last reported sale price on the exchange on which such securities are traded (or the NASDAQ official closing price for NASDAQ-reported securities, if such price is provided by the Fund’s accountant), as of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Sub-Advisor to be the primary market. Securities traded in the over-the-counter market are valued at the mean between the last available bid and asked price prior to the time of valuation. Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily available (including restricted securities, which are subject to limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board.

Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60 days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.

Corporate debt securities, mortgage-related securities and asset-backed securities held by the Fund are valued on the basis of valuations provided by dealers in those instruments, by an independent pricing service and approved by the Board, or at fair value as determined in good faith by procedures approved by the Board. Any such pricing service, in determining value, will use information with respect to transactions in the securities being valued, quotations from dealers, market transactions in comparable securities, analyses and evaluations of various relationships between securities and yield to maturity information.

An option that is written by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last offer price. An option that is purchased by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last bid price. The value of a futures contract is the last sale or settlement price on the exchange or board of trade on which the future is traded or, if no sales are reported, at the mean between the last bid and asked price. When a settlement price cannot be used, futures contracts will be valued at their fair market value as determined by or under the direction of the Board. If an options or futures exchange closes after the time at which the Fund’s NAV is calculated, the last sale or last bid and asked prices as of that time will be used to calculate the NAV.

Any assets or liabilities initially expressed in terms of foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the official exchange rate or, alternatively, at the mean of the current bid and asked prices of such currencies against the U.S. dollar last quoted by a major bank that is a regular participant in the foreign exchange market or on the basis of a pricing service that takes into account the quotes provided by a number of such major banks. If neither of these alternatives is available or both are deemed not to provide a suitable methodology for converting a foreign currency into U.S. dollars, the Board in good faith will establish a conversion rate for such currency.

All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.

 

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TAXATION

The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of the interests in the Fund. It is based upon the Code, the U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, published rulings and court decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations at any time (possibly with retroactive effect). This summary does not purport to deal with all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to the Fund or to all categories of investors, some of whom may be subject to special rules (including, without limitation, dealers in securities or currencies, financial institutions, life insurance companies, holders of Fund interests held as part of a “straddle,” “hedge” or “conversion transaction” with other investments, persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar or persons for whom the Fund interests are not capital assets). This discussion also does not address U.S. federal tax consequences other than income taxes (such as estate and gift tax consequences). In addition, the following discussion generally applies only to “U.S. persons,” as defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) who are beneficial owners of Fund interests. A “U.S. person” is generally defined as (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation (or an entity treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes) or partnership (or an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the law of the United States or any political subdivision thereof, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source or (iv) a trust if (a) it is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

If a partnership (or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is an investor in the Fund, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in that partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership.

The tax consequences of an investment in the Fund will depend not only on the nature of the Fund’s operations and the then applicable U.S. federal tax principles, but also on certain factual determinations that cannot be made at this time, and upon a particular investor’s individual circumstances. No advance rulings have been sought from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”).

IN VIEW OF THE FOREGOING, EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING ALL THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF AN INVESTMENT IN THE FUNDS WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO SUCH INVESTOR’S OWN PARTICULAR TAX SITUATION AND RECENT CHANGES IN APPLICABLE LAW.

The Fund will be taxed, under the Code, as a separate entity from any other series of the Trust, and the Fund has elected to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Code. In each taxable year that the Fund qualifies, the Fund (but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on that part of its investment company taxable income (consisting generally of interest and dividend income, net short term capital gain and net realized gains from currency transactions) and net capital gain that is distributed to shareholders.

In order to qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must distribute annually to shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income and must meet several additional requirements. Among these requirements are the following: (1) at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income each taxable year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or currencies; (2) at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, limited in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund and that does not represent more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and (3) at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, not more than 25% of the value of its assets may be invested in (i) securities (other than U.S. Government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (ii) securities (other than

 

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the securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or (iii) securities of one or more of qualified publicly traded partnerships, as such term is defined under the Code.

Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to be distributed, any capital loss carryovers from prior years will be applied against capital gains to the extent permitted under the Code. Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the NAV of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also will be included in individual and corporate shareholders’ income on which the alternative minimum tax may be imposed. The Fund may make taxable distributions to shareholders even during periods in which share prices have declined. Tax consequences are not the primary consideration of the Fund in implementing its investment strategy.

The Fund or any securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund’s shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the IRS with respect to distributions and payments made to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal income tax at the rate of 24% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and made certain required certifications on the account application or with respect to which the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to backup withholding.

The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions, as stated in the prospectus. In order to avoid the payment of a 4% non-deductible federal excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31 of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year, distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar year and at least 98.2% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of capital losses) from the previous calendar year.

Certain U.S. shareholders, including individuals and estates and trusts, in the higher income brackets will be subject to an additional 3.8% federal tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which generally will include dividends from the Fund and net gain from the disposition of shares of the Fund. U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the implications of the additional net investment income tax resulting from an investment in the Funds.

The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the dividends received deduction, and individual shareholders may, depending on the Fund’s underlying sources of income, have “qualified dividend income,” which would be subject to tax at the shareholder’s maximum capital gains tax rate. Availability of the deduction and/or taxation at the maximum capital gains tax rate is subject to certain holding period and debt-financing limitations.

The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign currencies should qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.

For accounting purposes, premiums paid by the Fund are recorded as an asset and are subsequently adjusted to the current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be capital gain or loss.

 

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Any security, option or other position entered into or held by the Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund’s risk of loss from any other position held by the Fund may constitute a straddle for federal income tax purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the amount, character and timing of the Fund’s gains and losses with respect to straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund’s holding period in certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses, be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.

Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are subject to Section 1256 of the Code (“Section 1256 Contracts”) and that are held by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be “marked to market” for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.

Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules, foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part of the Fund’s gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code, rather than as capital gain or loss.

Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or losses for federal income tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized (to the extent it is allowed) upon the redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of long-term capital gain dividends with respect to such shares during such six-month period. All or a portion of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares of the Fund may be disallowed to the extent shares of the Fund are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.

Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.

Nonresident aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund. Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), and subject to any applicable intergovernmental agreements, a 30% withholding tax on the Fund’s distributions generally applies if paid to a foreign entity unless: (i) if the foreign entity is a “foreign financial institution,” it undertakes certain due diligence, reporting, withholding and certification obligations, (ii) if the foreign entity is not a “foreign financial institution,” it identifies certain of its U.S. investors or (iii) the foreign entity is otherwise excepted under FATCA. Under existing Treasury regulations, FATCA withholding on gross proceeds from the sale or disposition of Fund shares was to take effect on January 1, 2019; however, recently proposed Treasury regulations, which may currently be relied upon, would eliminate FATCA withholding on such types of payments. If withholding is required under FATCA on a payment related to your shares, investors that otherwise would not be subject to withholding (or that otherwise would be entitled to a reduced rate of withholding) on such payment generally will be required to seek a refund or credit from the IRS to obtain the benefits of such exemption or reduction. The Fund will not pay any additional amounts in respect to amounts withheld under FATCA. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the effect of FATCA based on your individual circumstances.

 

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The above discussion and the related discussion in each prospectus are not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable tax consequences of an investment in the Fund. Paul Hastings LLP, counsel to the Trust, has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the Fund.

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

Dividends from the Fund’s investment company taxable income (whether paid in cash or invested in additional shares) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. Tax consequences are not the primary consideration of the Fund in implementing its investment strategies. Distributions of the Fund’s net capital gain (whether paid in cash or invested in additional shares) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long they have held their Fund shares. The Fund may make taxable distributions to shareholders even during periods in which the share price has declined.

Dividends declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any year and payable to shareholders of record on a date in one of such months will be deemed to have been paid by the Fund and received by the shareholders on December 31 of such year if the dividends are paid by the Fund during the following January. Accordingly, such dividends will be taxed to shareholders for the year in which the record date falls.

The Fund is required to withhold 24% of all dividends, capital gain distributions and redemption proceeds payable to any individuals and certain other non-corporate shareholders who do not provide the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number. The Fund also is required to withhold 24% of all dividends and capital gain distributions paid to such shareholders who otherwise are subject to backup withholding.

ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM

The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”). To ensure compliance with this law, the Trust’s Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program.

Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Distributor and the Fund’s transfer agent have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and conducting a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications. The Fund will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.

As a result of the Program, the Trust may be required to “freeze” the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Trust may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency.

GENERAL INFORMATION

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust organized on August 1, 1996. The Fund is anticipated to commence operations on [             ], 2020. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust permits the Trust to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest and to divide or combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the Fund. Each share represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Trust’s liquidation, all shareholders

 

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would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders. The Board has created five series of shares, and may create additional series in the future, which have separate assets and liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically attributable to a particular Litman Gregory Masters Fund will be allocated fairly among the Funds by the Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Litman Gregory Masters Fund.

The Trust has adopted a Multiple Class Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act on behalf of the Funds. Currently, the Fund is authorized to issue one class of shares: Institutional Class shares.

Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a “majority” (as defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. Rule 18f-2 contains special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.

The Fund may hold special meetings and mail proxy materials. These meetings may be called to elect or remove Trustees, change fundamental policies, approve an investment advisory contract or for other purposes. Shareholders not attending these meetings are encouraged to vote by proxy. The Fund will mail proxy materials in advance, including a voting card and information about the proposals to be voted on. The number of votes each shareholder is entitled to is based on the number of shares he or she owns. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (and fractional votes for fractional shares) and may vote in the election of Trustees and on other matters submitted to meetings of shareholders. It is not contemplated that regular annual meetings of shareholders will be held.

The Litman Gregory Masters Equity Fund, the Litman Gregory Masters International Fund, the Litman Gregory Masters Smaller Companies Fund, the Litman Gregory Masters Alternative Strategies Fund, the Litman Gregory Masters High Income Alternatives Fund and the Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund are the only operating series of shares of the Trust. The Board may, at its own discretion, create additional series of shares. The Agreement and Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for the Trust’s acts or obligations and provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of the Trust’s property for any shareholder held personally liable for its obligations.

The Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the shareholders have the right to remove a Trustee. Upon the written request of the record holders of 10% of the Trust’s shares, the Trustees will call a meeting of shareholders to vote on the removal of a Trustee. No amendment may be made to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust that would have a material adverse effect on shareholders without the approval of the holders of more than 50% of the Trust’s shares. Shareholders have no preemptive or conversion rights. Shares when issued are fully paid and non-assessable by the Trust, except as set forth above.

The Trust and Litman Gregory have obtained an exemptive order from the SEC, which permits Litman Gregory, subject to certain conditions, to hire, terminate and replace managers with the approval of the Board only and without shareholder approval. Within 60 days of the hiring of any new manager or the implementation of any proposed material change in a sub-advisory agreement with an existing manager, shareholders will be furnished information about the new manager or sub-advisory agreement that would be included in a proxy statement. The order also permits the Fund to disclose sub-advisory fees only in the aggregate in its registration statement. Pursuant to the order, shareholder approval is required before Litman Gregory enters into any sub-advisory agreement with a manager that is affiliated with the Fund or Litman Gregory.

The Trust, the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit, subject to certain conditions, personnel of the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and the Distributor, to invest in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.

 

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The Trust’s custodian, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 is responsible for holding the Fund’s assets and acting as the Trust’s accounting services agent. The Trust’s transfer agent, DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. (formerly, Boston Financial Data Services), is located at 330 West Ninth Street, Kansas City, Missouri, 64105. You may call DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. at 1-800-960-0188 if you have questions about your account. The Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm, [                    ], also assists with the Fund’s tax returns. The Trust’s legal counsel is Paul Hastings LLP, 101 California Street, 48th Floor, San Francisco, California 94111.

The Fund reserves the right, if conditions exist that make cash payments undesirable, to honor any request for redemption or repurchase order by making payment in whole or in part in readily marketable securities chosen by the Fund and valued as they are for purposes of computing the Fund’s NAV (a redemption in kind). If payment is made in securities, a shareholder may incur transaction expenses in converting these securities into cash.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The audited financial statements, including the Financial Highlights of the Funds, except for the Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund, for the year ended December 31, 2019, and [                     ]’s report thereon are incorporated by reference. The report of [                     ], the independent registered public accounting firm of the Funds, with respect to the audited financial statements, is incorporated herein in its entirety in reliance upon such report of [                     ] and on the authority of such firm as experts in auditing and accounting. As the Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund has recently commenced operations, there are no financial statements available at this time. Shareholders of the Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund will be informed of the Fund’s progress through periodic reports when those reports become available. Shareholders will receive a copy of the audited and unaudited financial statements at no additional charge when requesting a copy of the SAI.

 

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APPENDIX

Description of Ratings

The following terms are generally used to describe the credit quality of debt securities:

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.: Corporate Bond Ratings

Aaa—Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality and carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin, and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

Aa—Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.

Moody’s appends numerical modifiers “1”, “2” and “3” to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. Both the Aaa and Aa rating classifications. The modifier “1” indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier “2” indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier “3” indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category. Additionally a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.

A—Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations and subject to low credit risk. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

Baa—Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, subject to moderate credit risk, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

Standard & Poor’s Corporation: Corporate Bond Ratings

AAA—This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s to a debt obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and interest.

AA—Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations. Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.

A—Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest, although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions.

BBB—Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in this category than for bonds in the A category.

 

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Commercial Paper Ratings

Moody’s commercial paper ratings are assessments of the issuer’s ability to repay punctually promissory obligations. Moody’s employs the following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers: Prime 1—highest quality; Prime 2—higher quality; Prime 3—high quality.

A Standard & Poor’s commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment. Ratings are graded into four categories, ranging from “A” for the highest quality obligations to “D” for the lowest.

Issues assigned the highest rating, A, are regarded as having the greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated with the numbers “1”, “2” and “3” to indicate the relative degree of safety. The designation A-1 indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is either overwhelming or very strong. A “+” designation is applied to those issues rated “A-1” which possess extremely strong safety characteristics. Capacity for timely payment on issues with the designation “A-2” is strong. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1. Issues carrying the designation “A-3” have a satisfactory capacity for timely payment. They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effect of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.

 

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LITMAN GREGORY FUNDS TRUST

PART C

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 28. Exhibits

 

(a)       Articles of Incorporation.
   (1)    Agreement and Declaration of Trust (1)
      (A)    Amendment to Agreement and Declaration of Trust (2)
      (B)    Amendment to Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated December 4, 2008 (8)
      (C)    Amendment to Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 31, 2011 (8)
(b)       By-laws (12)
(c)       Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders – See Articles III and V of Agreement and Declaration of Trust and Article II of Third Amended and Restated By-Laws
(d)       Investment Advisory Contracts
   (1)    Unified Investment Advisory Agreement between Litman Gregory Funds Trust and Litman Gregory Fund Advisors, LLC dated April 1, 2013 (10)
   (2)    Amended Appendix A and Appendix B dated August 28, 2018 to the Unified Investment Advisory Agreement, as revised for the High Income Alternatives Fund – filed herewith
   (3)    Amended Appendix A and Appendix B dated August 29, 2019 to the Unified Investment Advisory Agreement, as revised for the Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund – to be filed by amendment
   (4)    Sub-Advisory Agreements
      (A)    Equity Fund
         1.    Investment Management Agreement with Davis Selected Advisers L.P. (13)
         2.    Investment Management Agreement with Fiduciary Management, Inc. (13)
         3.    Investment Management Agreement with Harris Associates L.P. (7)
         4.    Investment Management Agreement with Nuance Investments, LLC (18)
         5.    Investment Management Agreement with Sands Capital Management, LLC (13)
         6.    Investment Management Agreement with Wells Capital Management, Inc. (13)
      (B)    International Fund
         1.    Investment Management Agreement with Evermore Global Advisors, LLC (15)
         2.    Investment Management Agreement with Harris Associates L.P. (13)
         3.    Investment Management Agreement with Lazard Asset Management LLC (13)
         4.    Investment Management Agreement with Pictet Asset Management Limited (15)
         5.    Investment Management Agreement with Thornburg Investment Management, Inc. (5)
      (C)    Smaller Companies Fund
         1.    Investment Management Agreement with Cove Street Capital, LLC (13)
         2.    Investment Management Agreement with Segall Bryant & Hamill, LLC (16)
         3.    Investment Management Agreement with Wells Capital Management, Inc. (13)
      (D)    Alternative Strategies Fund
         1.    Investment Management Agreement with DCI, LLC (16)
         2.    Investment Management Agreement with DoubleLine Capital LP (13)
         3.    Investment Management Agreement with First Pacific Advisors, LLC (13)
         4.    Investment Management Agreement with Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. (13)
         5.    Investment Management Agreement with Water Island Capital LLC (13)
      (E)    High Income Alternatives Fund
         1.    Investment Management Agreement with Ares Management LLC (17)
         2.    Investment Management Agreement with Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (17)
         3.    Investment Management Agreement with Guggenheim Partners Investment Management, LLC(18)
         4.    Investment Management Agreement with Neuberger Berman Investment Advisers LLC(17)

 

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      (F)    Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund
         1.    Investment Management Agreement with [    ] - to be filed by amendment
(e)       Underwriting Contracts
   (1)    Distribution Agreement with ALPS Distributors, Inc. dated April 16, 2018 (16)
   (2)    Distribution Letter Agreement with ALPS Distributors, Inc. dated April 16, 2018 (16)
   (3)    Amendment to the Distribution Agreement – to be filed by amendment
(f)       Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts – None
(g)       Custodian Agreements
   (1)    Custody Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (13)
      (A)    Amendment to the Custody Agreement – to be filed by amendment
(h)       Other Material Contracts
   (1)    Administration Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company dated September 10, 2014 (13)
      (A)    Amendment to the Administration Agreement – to be filed by amendment
   (2)    Powers of Attorney dated April 30, 2014 (13)
   (3)    Restated Contractual Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement (13)
      (A)    Amendment dated August 31, 2011 to the Restated Contractual Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement (13)
      (B)    Amendment dated May 20, 2013 to the Restated Contractual Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement (11)
      (C)    Amendment dated January 1, 2017 to the Restated Contractual Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement (15)
      (D)    Amendment dated August 28, 2018 to the Restated Contractual Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement (17)
   (4)    Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement
      (A)    Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement dated August 28, 2018 for the High Income Alternatives Fund (17)
      (B)    Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement dated [            ], 2020 for the Concentrated Small Cap Value Fund – to be filed by amendment
(i)       Legal Opinion
   (1)    Consent of Counsel dated [            ], 2020 – to be filed by amendment
(j)       Other Opinions
   (1)    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – not applicable
(k)       Omitted Financial Statements – None
(l)       Initial Capital Agreements
   (1)    Subscription Agreement (initial seed capital only) (3)
(m)       Rule 12b-1 Plan
   (1)    Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plan (12b-1 Plan) (13)
(n)       Rule 18f-3 Plan
   (1)    Multiple Class Plan (12)
(o)       Reserved

 

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(p)       Codes of Ethics
   (1)    Code of Ethics for Litman Gregory Funds Trust (16)
   (2)    Code of Ethics for Litman Gregory Fund Advisors, LLC (16)
   (3)    Code of Ethics for ALPS Distributors, Inc. (16)
   (4)    Codes of Ethics for the Sub-Advisors
      (A)    Davis Selected Advisers, L.P. (18)
      (B)    First Pacific Advisors, LLC (18)
      (C)    Thornburg Investment Management, Inc. (16)
      (D)    Wells Capital Management, Inc. (18)
      (E)    Nuance Investments, LLC (12)
      (F)    Cove Street Capital, LLC (16)
      (G)    Harris Associates L.P. (15)
      (H)    Sands Capital Management, LLC (15)
      (I)    DoubleLine Capital LP (16)
      (J)    Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. (18)
      (K)    Water Island Capital, LLC (15)
      (L)    Lazard Asset Management LLC (16)
      (M)    Fiduciary Management, Inc. (12)
      (N)    Pictet Asset Management Limited (15)
      (O)    Evermore Global Advisors, LLC (15)
      (P)    DCI, LLC (18)
      (Q)    Segall Bryant & Hamill, LLC (18)
      (R)    Ares Management LLC (17)
      (S)    Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (17)
      (T)    Guggenheim Partners Investment Management, LLC (17)
      (U)    Neuberger Berman Investment Advisers LLC (17)

 

(1) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on August 12, 1996, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(2) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on November 15, 1996, and is hereby incorporated by reference.

(3) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on December 17, 1996, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(4) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on April 20, 2000, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(5) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on February 25, 2004, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(6) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2008, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(7) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2010, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(8) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on September 2, 2011, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(9) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2012, and is herein incorporated by reference.

 

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(10) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on May 1, 2013, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(11) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2014, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(12) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2014, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(13) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2015, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(14) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2016, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(15) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on April 28, 2017, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(16) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 79 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2018, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(17) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on September 6, 2018, and is herein incorporated by reference.

(18) 

Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 87 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2019, and is hereby incorporated by reference.

Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund

No person is directly or indirectly controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.

Item 30. Indemnification

Article VI of Registrant’s By-Laws states as follows:

Section 1. AGENTS, PROCEEDINGS AND EXPENSES. For the purpose of this Article, “agent” means any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee or other agent of this Trust or is or was serving at the request of this Trust as a Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise or was a Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of a foreign or domestic corporation which was a predecessor of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor entity; “proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative; and “expenses” includes without limitation attorney’s fees and any expenses of establishing a right to indemnification under this Article.

Section 2. ACTIONS OTHER THAN BY TRUST. This Trust shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of this Trust) by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of this Trust, against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such proceeding, if it is determined that person acted in good faith and reasonably believed:

(a)                in the case of conduct in his official capacity as a Trustee of the Trust, that his conduct was in the Trust’s best interests, and

 

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(b)                in all other cases, that his conduct was at least not opposed to the Trust’s best interests, and

(c)                in the case of a criminal proceeding, that he had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct of that person was unlawful.

The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not of itself create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which the person reasonably believed to be in the best interests of this Trust or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that the person’s conduct was unlawful.

Section 3. ACTIONS BY THE TRUST. This Trust shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action by or in the right of this Trust to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that that person is or was an agent of this Trust, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by that person in connection with the defense or settlement of that action if that person acted in good faith, in a manner that person believed to be in the best interests of this Trust and with such care, including reasonable inquiry, as an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances.

Section 4. EXCLUSION OF INDEMNIFICATION. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein, there shall be no right to indemnification for any liability arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or the reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the agent’s office with this Trust.

No indemnification shall be made under Sections 2 or 3 of this Article:

(a)                In respect of any claim, issue, or matter as to which that person shall have been adjudged to be liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received by him, whether or not the benefit resulted from an action taken in the person’s official capacity; or

(b)                In respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which that person shall have been adjudged to be liable in the performance of that person’s duty to this Trust, unless and only to the extent that the court in which that action was brought shall determine upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, that person was not liable by reason of the disabling conduct set forth in the preceding paragraph and is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for the expenses which the court shall determine.

(c)                Of amounts paid in settling or otherwise disposing of a threatened or pending action, with or without court approval, or of expenses incurred in defending a threatened or pending action which is settled or otherwise disposed of without court approval, unless the required approval set forth in Section 6 of this Article is obtained.

Section 5. SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE BY AGENT. To the extent that an agent of this Trust has been successful on the merits in defense of any proceeding referred to in Sections 2 or 3 of this Article or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, before the court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought, the agent shall be indemnified against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the agent in connection therewith, provided that the Board of Trustees, including a majority who are disinterested, non-party Trustees, also determines that based upon a review of the facts, the agent was not liable by reason of the disabling conduct referred to in Section 4 of this Article.

Section 6. REQUIRED APPROVAL. Except as provided in Section 5 of this Article, any indemnification under this Article shall be made by this Trust only if authorized in the specific case on a determination that indemnification of the agent is proper in the circumstances because the agent has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 2 or 3 of this Article and is not prohibited from indemnification because of the disabling conduct set forth in Section 4 of this Article, by:

(a)                A majority vote of a quorum consisting of Trustees who are not parties to the proceeding and are not interested persons of the Trust (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940); or

 

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(b)                A written opinion by an independent legal counsel.

Section 7. ADVANCE OF EXPENSES. Expenses incurred in defending any proceeding may be advanced by this Trust before the final disposition of the proceeding upon a written undertaking by or on behalf of the agent, to repay the amount of the advance if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification, together with at least one of the following as a condition to the advance: (i) security for the undertaking; or (ii) the existence of insurance protecting the Trust against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances; or (iii) a determination by a majority of a quorum of Trustees who are not parties to the proceeding and are not interested persons of the Trust, or by an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, based on a review of readily available facts that there is reason to believe that the agent ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification. Determinations and authorizations of payments under this Section must be made in the manner specified in Section 6 of this Article for determining that the indemnification is permissible.

Section 8. OTHER CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS. Nothing contained in this Article shall affect any right to indemnification to which persons other than Trustees and officers of this Trust or any subsidiary hereof may be entitled by contract or otherwise.

Section 9. LIMITATIONS. No indemnification or advance shall be made under this Article, except as provided in Sections 5 or 6 in any circumstances where it appears:

(a)                that it would be inconsistent with a provision of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust, a resolution of the shareholders, or an agreement in effect at the time of accrual of the alleged cause of action asserted in the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred or other amounts were paid which prohibits or otherwise limits indemnification; or

(b)                that it would be inconsistent with any condition expressly imposed by a court in approving a settlement.

Section 10. INSURANCE. Upon and in the event of a determination by the Board of Trustees of this Trust to purchase such insurance, this Trust shall purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any agent of this Trust against any liability asserted against or incurred by the agent in such capacity or arising out of the agent’s status as such, but only to the extent that this Trust would have the power to indemnify the agent against that liability under the provisions of this Article and the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust.

Section 11. FIDUCIARIES OF EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN. This Article does not apply to any proceeding against any Trustee, investment manager or other fiduciary of an employee benefit plan in that person’s capacity as such, even though that person may also be an agent of this Trust as defined in Section 1 of this Article. Nothing contained in this Article shall limit any right to indemnification to which such a Trustee, investment manager, or other fiduciary may be entitled by contract or otherwise which shall be enforceable to the extent permitted by applicable law other than this Article.

In addition to the indemnification provisions provided for in the Registrant’s By-Laws, the Registrant has also entered into indemnification agreements (the “Indemnification Agreements”) with each of the Trustees and with its Chief Compliance Officer (collectively, the “Indemnitees”). The Indemnification Agreements set forth the procedure by which Indemnitees are to request and receive advancement of expenses and indemnification. The Indemnification Agreements provide that, in any determination for advancement of expenses or indemnification, the Indemnitees are entitled to a rebuttable presumption that they did not engage in conduct that would disqualify them from eligibility to receive advancement of expenses or for indemnification. The Indemnification Agreements also set forth the procedure by which an independent counsel may be chosen if independent counsel is to make a determination of any Indemnitee’s qualification for advancement of expenses or indemnification.

 

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Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser

The information required by this item is contained in the Form ADVs of the following entities and is incorporated herein by reference:

 

Name of Investment Adviser

   File No.  

Litman Gregory Fund Advisors, LLC

     801-52710  

Name of Sub-Advisors

      

Ares Management LLC

     801-63800  

Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.

     801-60256  

Cove Street Capital, LLC

     801-72231  

Davis Selected Advisors, L.P.

     801-31648  

DCI, LLC

     801-63857  

DoubleLine Capital LP

     801-70942  

Evermore Global Advisors, LLC

     801-70645  

Fiduciary Management, Inc.

     801-15164  

First Pacific Advisors, LLC

     801-67160  

Guggenheim Partners Investment Management, LLC

     801-66786  

Harris Associates L.P.

     801-50333  

Lazard Asset Management LLC

     801-61701  

Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P.

     801-170  

Neuberger Berman Investment Advisers LLC

     801-61757  

Nuance Investments, LLC

     801-69682  

Pictet Asset Management Limited

     801-15143  

Sands Capital Management, LLC

     801-64820

Segall Bryant & Hamill, LLC

     801-47232  

Thornburg Investment Management, Inc.

     801-17853  

Water Island Capital, LLC

     801-57341  

Wells Capital Management, Inc.

     801-21122  

Item 32. Principal Underwriters

(a)    ALPS Distributors, Inc., the Registrant’s principal underwriter, acts as principal underwriter for the following investment companies:

 

1 WS Credit Income Fund

1290 Funds

Aberdeen Standard Investments ETFs
ALPS Series Trust
The Arbitrage Funds
AQR Funds
Axonic Alternative Income Fund
Barings Funds Trust
BBH Trust

Bluerock Total Income + Real Estate Fund

Brandes Investment Trust

Bridge Builder Trust
Broadstone Real Estate Access Fund
Broadview Funds Trust
Brown Advisory Funds
Brown Capital Management Mutual Funds
Centre Funds
CION Ares Diversified Credit Fund

CC Real Estate Income Fund

Columbia ETF Trust

Columbia ETF Trust I
Columbia ETF Trust II

 

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CRM Mutual Fund Trust
CSOP ETF Trust
Cullen Funds Trust
DBX ETF Trust
Flat Rock Opportunity Fund
Financial Investors Trust
Firsthand Funds
FS Credit Income Fund
FS Energy Total Return Fund
FS Series Trust

FS Multi-Alternative Income Fund

Goehring & Rozencwajg Investment Funds

Goldman Sachs ETF Trust
Griffin Institutional Access Credit Fund
Griffin Institutional Access Real Estate Fund
Hartford Funds Exchange-Traded Trust
Hartford Funds NextShares Trust
Heartland Group, Inc.
Holland Series Fund, Inc.
Index Funds
IndexIQ ETF Trust
IndexIQ Active ETF Trust
Infusive US Trust
James Advantage Funds
Janus Detroit Street Trust
Lattice Strategies Trust
Litman Gregory Funds Trust
Longleaf Partners Funds Trust
M3Sixty Funds Trust
Mairs & Power Funds Trust
Meridian Fund, Inc.
Natixis ETF Trust
Pax World Funds Series Trust I
Pax World Series Trust III
Principal Exchange-Traded Funds
Reality Shares ETF Trust
Resource Credit Income Fund
Resource Real Estate Diversified Income Fund
RiverNorth Funds
Sierra Total Return Fund
Smead Funds Trust
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Trust
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust
SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF Trust
Sprott ETF Trust
Stadion Investment Trust
Stone Harbor Investment Funds
Stone Ridge Trust
Stone Ridge Trust II
Stone Ridge Trust III
Stone Ridge Trust IV
Stone Ridge Trust V
USCF ETF Trust

 

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Wasatch Funds Trust
WesMark Funds
Wilmington Funds
XAI Octagon Credit Trust

(b)    To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of ALPS Distributors, Inc. are as follows:

 

Name and Principal

Business Address*

  

Positions and Offices with

ALPS Distributors, Inc.

  

Positions and Offices

with Registrant

Bradley J. Swenson    Director, President, Chief Operating Officer    None
Robert J. Szydlowski    Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer    None
Eric T. Parsons    Vice President, Controller and Assistant Treasurer    None
Joseph J. Frank**    Secretary    None
Patrick J. Pedonti**    Vice President, Treasurer and Assistant Secretary    None
Richard C. Noyes    Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Assistant Secretary    None
Steven Price    Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer    None
Stephen J. Kyllo    Vice President, Deputy Chief Compliance Officer    None
Liza Orr    Vice President, Senior Counsel    None
Jed Stahl    Vice President, Senior Counsel    None
Josh Eihausen    Vice President, Associate Senior Counsel    None
James Stegall    Vice President    None
Gary Ross    Senior Vice President    None
Kevin Ireland    Senior Vice President    None
Mark Kiniry    Senior Vice President    None
Tison Cory    Vice President, Intermediary Operations    None
Hilary Quinn    Vice President    None
Jennifer Craig    Assistant Vice President    None

 

*

Except as otherwise noted, the principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203.

**

The principal business address for Messrs. Pedonti and Frank is 333 W. 11th Street, 5th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64105.

 

(c)

Not applicable.

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the rules thereunder are maintained at the following locations:

 

Records Relating to:

  

Are located at:

Registrant’s Investment Adviser   

Litman Gregory Fund Advisors, LLC

1676 N. California Blvd., Suite 500

Walnut Creek, CA 94596

Registrant’s Fund Administrator   

State Street Bank and Trust Company

One Lincoln Street

Boston, MA 02116

Registrant’s Custodian/Fund Accountant   

State Street Bank and Trust Company

1776 Heritage Drive

Quincy, MA 02171

Registrant’s Distributor   

ALPS Distributors, Inc.

1290 Broadway, Suite 1100

Denver, CO 80203

 

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Records Relating to:

  

Are located at:

Registrant’s Transfer Agent   

DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. (formerly, Boston Financial Data Services, Inc.)

330 West 9th Street

Kansas City, MO 64105

The documents required to be maintained by paragraphs (5), (6), (10) and (11) of Rule 31a-1(b) under the 1940 Act will be maintained by the Registrant’s respective Sub-Advisors:

 

Ares Management LLC

2000 Avenue of the Stars, 12th Floor

Los Angeles, CA 90067

Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.

140 Broadway

New York, NY 10005

Cove Street Capital, LLC

2101 East El Segundo, Suite 302

El Segundo, CA 90245

Davis Selected Advisers, L.P.

2949 E. Elvira Rd. Suite 101

Tucson, AZ, 85756

DCI, LLC

201 Spear Street, Suite 250

San Francisco, CA 94105

DoubleLine Capital LP

333 South Grand Avenue, Suite 1800

Los Angeles, CA 90071

Evermore Global Advisors, LLC

89 Summit Avenue

Summit, NJ 07901

Fiduciary Management, Inc.

100 East Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 2200

Milwaukee, WI 53202

First Pacific Advisors, LLC

11601 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1200

Los Angeles, CA 90025

Guggenheim Partners Investment Management, LLC

100 Wilshire Boulevard, 5th Floor

Santa Monica, CA 90401

Harris Associates L.P.

111 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 4600

Chicago, IL 60606

Lazard Asset Management LLC

30 Rockefeller Plaza

New York, NY 10112

Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P.

One Financial Center

Boston, MA 02111

Neuberger Berman Investment Advisers LLC

1290 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10104

 

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Nuance Investments, LLC

4900 Main Street, Suite 220

Kansas City, MO 64112

Pictet Asset Management Limited

Moor House, 120 London Wall

London EC2Y 5ET – United Kingdom

Sands Capital Management, LLC

1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 3000

Arlington, VA 22209

Segall Bryant & Hamill, LLC

540 West Madison Street, Suite 1900

Chicago, IL 60661

Thornburg Investment Management, Inc.

2300 North Ridgetop Road

Santa Fe, NM 87506

Water Island Capital, LLC

41 Madison Avenue, 42nd Floor

New York, NY 10010

Wells Capital Management, Inc.

100 Heritage Reserve

Menomonee Falls, WI 53051

Item 34. Management Services

The Registrant has disclosed all management-related service contracts in Parts A and B.

Item 35. Undertakings

Registrant hereby undertakes to:

 

(1)

Furnish each person to whom a Prospectus is delivered a copy of Registrant’s latest annual report to shareholders, upon request and without charge.

 

(2)

If requested to do so by the holders of at least 10% of the Trust’s outstanding shares, call a meeting of shareholders for the purposes of voting upon the question of removal of a trustee and assist in communications with other shareholders.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed below on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Walnut Creek and State of California, on the 23rd day of December, 2019.

 

LITMAN GREGORY FUNDS TRUST

 

            By:  

/s/ Jeremy DeGroot

  Jeremy DeGroot
  President

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 to its Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/ Julie Allecta*                

   Trustee   December 23, 2019
Julie Allecta     

/s/ Jeremy DeGroot

   Trustee and President   December 23, 2019
Jeremy DeGroot    (Principal Executive Officer)  

/s/ Frederick A. Eigenbrod, Jr.*

   Trustee   December 23, 2019
Frederick A. Eigenbrod, Jr.     

/s/ Harold M. Shefrin*

   Trustee   December 23, 2019
Harold M. Shefrin     

/s/ John Coughlan

   Treasurer   December 23, 2019
John Coughlan    (Principal Financial Officer)  

* By: /s/ John Coughlan

    
    John Coughlan, Attorney-in-Fact     

 

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

 

Description
(d)   (2)    Amended Appendix A and Appendix B to the Unified Investment Advisory Agreement, as revised for the High Income Alternatives Fund