10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-K

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(Mark One)
þ	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018

or

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from: _____________ to _____________

Commission File Number 001-11991

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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Delaware	14-1708544
(State or other jurisdiction	(I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

2017 HIGH RIDGE ROAD, BOYNTON BEACH, FLORIDA  33426

(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code 561-547-9499

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
NONE	NONE

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $.001 PER SHARE

(Title of class)

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ¨   No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ¨   No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ   No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes þ   No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	þ	Smaller reporting company	þ
		Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)

Yes ¨   No þ

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. $739,897 on June 29, 2018.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. 69,016,468 shares of common stock are outstanding as of March 25, 2019.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page No
	PART I
Item 1.	Business.	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	5
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments.	8
Item 2.	Properties.	8
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings.	8
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	8
	PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.	9
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data.	9
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	9
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	14
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	14
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.	14
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures.	14
Item 9B.	Other Information.	15
	PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.	16
Item 11.	Executive Compensation.	18
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.	21
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transaction, and Director Independence.	22
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees And Services.	22
	PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	23

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Certain statements in this annual report contain or may contain forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements were based on various factors and were derived utilizing numerous assumptions and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to:

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our history of losses and uncertainty that we will be able to continue as a going concern;

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our ability to continue to generate net sales in an amount to pay our operating expenses;

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our need for additional financing and uncertainties related to our ability to obtain these funds;

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our ability to repay the outstanding secured debt of approximately $8.39 million as of March 25, 2019 due our Chairman and CEO which matures on December 31, 2021, together with an additional $600,000 of unsecured advances which payable upon demand;

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our reliance on sales to a limited number of customers;

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the significant amount of deferred compensation owed to two of our executive officers and one other employee and our ability to pay these amounts;

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our ability to protect our intellectual property, and the potential impact of expiring patents on our business in future periods;

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anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law and our Board's ability to issue preferred stock without stockholder consent;

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potential dilution to our stockholders from the exercise of outstanding options and warrants;

·

the lack of sufficient liquidity in the market for our common stock; and

·

the application of penny stock rules to the trading in our common stock.

Most of these factors are difficult to predict accurately and are generally beyond our control. You should consider the areas of risk described in connection with any forward-looking statements that may be made herein. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and readers should carefully review this annual report in its entirety, including the risks described in Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors. Except for our ongoing obligations to disclose material information under the Federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this annual report, and you should not rely on these statements without also considering the risks and uncertainties associated with these statements and our business.

OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION

Our website is www.puradyn.com.  The information which appears on our website is not part of this report.

When used in this annual report, the terms "Puradyn", the “Company,” "we," "our," and "us" refers to Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated, a Delaware corporation. “2017” refers to the year ended December 31, 2017; “2018” refers to the year ended December 31, 2018; and “2019” refers to the year ending December 31, 2019.

PART I

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS.

The Company

We design, manufacture, market and distribute worldwide the Puradyn® bypass oil filtration system (the "Puradyn" or “system”) for use with substantially all internal combustion engines and hydraulic equipment that use lubricating oil. Working in conjunction with the equipment’s full-flow oil filter, the Puradyn system cleans oil by providing a kidney loop circuit of oil filtration and treatment to continually remove solid, liquid and gaseous contaminants from the oil through a sophisticated and unique filtration and absorption process. The Puradyn system consists of a base filtration unit or housing that is connected via hoses to the engine or hydraulic system, along with filter elements that reside inside the filtration unit and are replaced periodically to maintain top performance. Our filter is unique in that it incorporates an additive package to replenish depleted base additive levels in engine lubricating oil. Because Puradyn-filtered lubricating oil is kept in a continually clean state, our system has been used effectively to safely and significantly extend oil-drain intervals and to extend the time between engine overhauls. We are the exclusive manufacturer of our unique disposable replacement filter elements ("Element") for the Puradyn system.

Products

The core product, the patented Puradyn bypass oil filtration system, is offered in two models, MTS and a custom-engineered hydraulic system, which can be attached to almost any engine or hydraulic application. The Puradyn bypass filtration system is similar to a kidney dialysis machine that provides an additional filtration circuit outside the body/engine to filter blood/oil and rid it of impurities, keeping the blood/oil continually clean. Whenever the engine or machinery is operating, the Puradyn is extracting from the oil solid particles down to less than one micron (1/39 millionth of an inch), as well as liquid contaminants, protecting the engine or hydraulic equipment from harmful wear and less efficient operation caused by these contaminants. Puradyn replacement filter elements contain an additive package that serves to replenish base additives (in engine lube oil only) in the oil during the filtration process, helping to maintain the oil’s proper chemical balance and viscosity.

Oil condition is monitored through periodic analysis of small oil samples. If the sample results show that the condition of the oil is considered good for continued use, the oil does not need to be changed. The Puradyn filter element is changed at the interval recommended by the OEM for oil changes, or at the customer’s current oil change interval.

Consequently, the Puradyn system significantly reduces maintenance costs by decreasing oil consumption, engine wear and certain other types of general maintenance as well as reducing environmental impact and concerns and costs associated with the storage and disposal of waste oil. Depending on the application, potential savings from utilizing the Puradyn system generally provide a relatively short average payback period of 3 to 12 months, during which time the customer’s oil and labor savings more than recoup the cost of the filtration unit and expended filter elements.

The MTS System is offered in seven different-sized systems that can be used in single or multiple configurations to effectively filter sizes from small (4 qt. / 3.8 L) to large (510 gal. / 1930.50 L) sump capacity engines, allowing the product to be used virtually on most engines in every industry. The MTS model offers water contaminant removal through the Company’s patented Polydry^® polymer technology embedded in each filter element.

The hydraulic filtration system provides the same filtration efficiency and ability to remove water and solid particles as our engine filtration systems and is capable of handling hydraulic fluids with capacities up to 1,500 gallons (5,678 liters).  Certain hydraulic filtration systems being developed now will easily adapt to other industries where our systems are already operating in engine lube applications.

All Puradyn systems are compatible with virtually all standard and synthetic oils on the market, and they work with engines using gasoline, diesel, propane or natural gas. The Puradyn system, ordinarily, cannot be used on engines that do not have a pressurized lubricating system.

We are also the sole manufacturer and provider of replacement filter elements for the Puradyn system. Depending upon the application, we generally recommend that the element be replaced at the engine manufacturer's recommended/approved periodic oil change interval or current customer service interval. The type of element used also depends upon the specific type of engine or hydraulic application. A customer can change the filter element and take the required oil sample in approximately five to 10 minutes.

1

The Puradyn system has no moving parts and consequently requires no significant ongoing maintenance. As long as filter elements are changed at the recommended intervals and other standard preventive maintenance procedures are completed, such as changing factory full-flow oil filters and air filters and completing regular oil analyses, the Company believes the Puradyn system will perform as designed; such belief is established and supported by historical field performance over more than two decades.

Warranties

The Puradyn system carries a six-month ‘money-back’ performance guarantee and is currently warrantied to the original user to be free of defects in material and workmanship for five years from date of purchase, with a one-year limited warranty on the heating element contained in the legacy PFT models. The Company will accept returns of products that are defective at the time of sale or prove to be defective during the limited warranty period. Returns are subject to specific conditions.

For the Company’s performance guarantee and warranty to remain in effect, users must, among other things, maintain a record of the laboratory oil analysis results and use Puradyn filter elements and replacement parts. The Company has received letters from numerous OEMs which have all stated that the installation and use of the Puradyn system does not void their manufacturer warranties if there is no oil related engine failure or malfunction attributed to the Puradyn system. To date, there have been no significant warranty claims, although there can be no assurances that such a trend will continue.

Marketing

The Company has an in-house marketing department comprised of one executive and one employee, with various projects outsourced on an as-needed basis.

The Company’s products are marketed to numerous industries that include hydraulic applications, and other users of engines or equipment that utilize up to 50 weight oil for lubrication. Additionally, we offer marketing assistance in material development to distributors.

Distribution

We currently have a network of approximately 40 domestic and international distributors and dealers; however, the majority of our products are sold through a limited number of distributors. Our distributors and dealers sell products to a number of industries, including oil and gas services, power generation, construction and forestry, commercial marine, mining, and transportation. Currently, international sales are administered by Puradyn from the United States. The international distributors are located in South America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Our international distributors purchase product directly from the Company and sell to their existing or new customers. All distributor agreements can be terminated by either party with a 30 to 60 day written notice.

In February 2018 we entered into a second amendment to our September 2017 amended distribution agreement with DNOW LP (DNOW), a distributor with approximately 300 outlets worldwide that have the potential to sell and service the Puradyn system. Under the terms of the amended distribution agreement with DNOW, we granted it exclusive distribution agreement for the worldwide rights to sell our product in the oil and gas industry effective September 7, 2017. An incentive program was included in the original agreement to incentivize and compensate the distributor for reaching certain sales thresholds through June 30, 2018, but those thresholds were not met and no incentives were earned by DNOW. A sales incentive of approximately $99,000 was accrued in 2017 for potential incentive payments due to DNOW in 2018, but this was reversed in 2018 once it was established that no incentive payments would be earned by DNOW.

MNI Diesel, LLC (MNI) joined the Puradyn distributor network in 2012, and in August 2018, they became the exclusive distributor of Puradyn products to the commercial marine industry for the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys and the U.S. Gulf Coast of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama.

2

Sales

Direct Sales

The Company directly and/or with the assistance of its manufacturer's representatives, distributors, or other agents, markets its products directly to OEMs, other distributors and national accounts. We are dependent upon sales from a limited number of customers. At December 31, 2018 one customer represented approximately 95% of total accounts receivables. During the year ended December 31, 2018 sales from four customers represented 41%, 21%, 11% and 10% for a total of 83% of sales. During the year ended December 31, 2017 sales from three customers represented 36%, 16% and 12% for a total of 64% of sales. The loss of business from one or a combination of the Company’s significant customers could adversely affect its operations.

On November 17, 2017, the Company received two non-binding purchase orders from a major oil and gas customer for delivery of Puradyn product in shipments ranging from December 2017 to September 2018. The revenue generated from this sale was approximately $1,000,000 as of December 31, 2018.

International Sales

The Company, directly and/or with the assistance of commission-based manufacturer's representatives, has established primarily non-exclusive distributors and sales representation in various countries, including the Middle East, Germany, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom, Thailand, Colombia, and others. The ultimate success of these and other distributors primarily depends upon their ability to successfully introduce and sell the product in their respective territories, including obtaining local evaluations, establishing distribution, and other factors similar to those faced by the Company in the United States. Unlike domestic sales, the Company has a policy that international sales be paid in advance or secured by a letter of credit before shipping. The Company’s credit risk is minimal with international sales as a result of this policy. Total international sales amounted to approximately 9.9% and 25.3% of net sales in 2018 and 2017, respectively.  

Manufacturing and Production

The Company purchases component parts for unit housings and filter elements. The component parts are assembled, packed and shipped from our facility in Boynton Beach, Florida.

We currently source a majority of our raw materials and component parts from various vendors in the United States, and actively search for suppliers that are based in the United States. Substantially all the tools and dies used by certain of our vendors are owned by the Company. We have researched alternative sources of supply and do not anticipate that the loss of any single supplier would have a material long-term adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition. However, there can be no assurance that our current or future suppliers will be able to meet our requirements on commercially reasonable terms or within scheduled delivery times. An interruption of our arrangements with suppliers could cause a delay in the production of our products for timely delivery to distributors and customers which could result in a loss of sales revenue in future periods. The Company achieved ISO 9001:2015 registration from the International Organization for Standardization, validating its Quality Management Standards process for ‘design, manufacture, sales and distribution of bypass oil filtration systems and replacement filters for various industries.’

Engineering and development costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we incurred engineering and development costs, excluding payroll and benefit expenses for engineering, in the amount of $5,866 and $6,981, respectively, which are included in selling and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.

3

Competition

Bypass oil filtration systems produced by other companies in varying degrees address the issues of solid or liquid contaminant filtration through centrifugal design, media filtration or evaporation. However, Puradyn believes that its solution is the only bypass oil filtration system that simultaneously incorporates all of the following features, which provide us with a competitive advantage:

·

Filtering solid contaminants to as small as below one micron, including enhanced soot retention through the use of a patent-pending process for chemical grafting;

·

Effectively removing harmful gaseous and liquid contaminants through a heated evaporation chamber or patented polymer formulation; and

·

Replenishing the base additives in engine oil so as to maintain the oil’s chemical balance and viscosity well within engine manufacturers’ specifications for longer periods of time.

The proper use of our products reduces the need for oil-related maintenance services, replacement parts, original oil sales and consumption and waste oil disposal.  

Some of our competitors may have more capital, greater brand recognition, larger customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. Our competitors' products may achieve greater acceptance in the marketplace than our own, limiting our ability to gain market share and customer loyalty and to generate sufficient revenues to achieve a profitable level of operations.

Intellectual Property

Our ability to compete effectively depends in part on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our technology, products and manufacturing processes. We principally rely upon patent, trademark, trade secrets and contract law to establish and protect our proprietary rights.  

We rely on a combination of trade secrets, patents and trademarks to establish and protect our intellectual property rights. As of December 31, 2018, we had issued nine U.S. patents and 23 issued international patents that directly relate to our technology that expire between 2017 and 2037, as well as one pending patent application in the U.S. and 13 pending patent applications internationally.  

Subject to the availability of sufficient working capital, we expect to pursue additional patent protection to the extent that we believe it would be beneficial and cost effective.

In 2018 and 2017 we spent $5,866 and $6,981, respectively, on engineering and development.

We have registered the product trademark “Puradyn^®” in the United States and other countries where the "Purifiner^®" trademark was registered, and have also registered the trademarks “Polydry^®”, “CGP^®” ,“Keep It Clean!^® ”, “We Fight Dirty^®”, Let’s Talk Dirty^®”, and the Puradyn logo in the United States and targeted countries.

We have also obtained the rights to the domain name www.puradyn.com and puradyn.ro, and puradyn.com.tr.  As with telephone numbers, we do not have and cannot acquire any property rights in an Internet address.

Employees

At March 25, 2019, the Company had 20 full-time employees, including our executive officers.

Our employees are not covered by collective bargaining agreements, and we believe our relationship with our employees to be good.

History of our Company

The Company has been incorporated in the State of Delaware since February 1988.  On February 4, 1998, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation, changing its name to Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated.

Corporate Information

The Company’s principal executive offices are located 2017 High Ridge Road, Boynton Beach, Florida  33426, and our telephone number is (561) 547-9499.  Our corporate website is www.puradyn.com.

4

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS.

An investment in our common stock involves a significant degree of risk. You should not invest in our common stock unless you can afford to lose your entire investment. You should consider carefully the following risk factors and other information in this annual report before deciding to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks and uncertainties develops into actual events, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected and you could lose your entire investment in our Company.

Risks Related to our Business

WE HAVE A HISTORY OF LOSSES AND THERE ARE SUBSTANTIAL DOUBTS ABOUT OUR ABILITY TO CONTINUE AS A GOING CONCERN.

We have incurred substantial operating and net losses, as well as negative operating cash flows, since our inception through December 31, 2018. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, we reported net losses of $216,382 and $1,230,094, respectively, and at December 31, 2018 we had a working capital deficit of $1,603,639. At December 31, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $63 million. Our financial statements have been prepared on the basis that we will operate as a going concern; however, as set forth in the report on our audited consolidated financial statements issued by our independent auditor appearing later in this report, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses in future periods until we are successful in significantly increasing our revenues. There are no assurances that we will be able to raise our revenues to a level which supports profitable operations and provides sufficient funds to pay our obligations. If we are unable to meet those obligations, we could be forced to cease operations in which event investors would lose their entire investment in our Company.

WE NEED ADDITIONAL FINANCING WHICH WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO OBTAIN ON ACCEPTABLE TERMS. IF WE CANNOT RAISE ADDITIONAL CAPITAL AS NEEDED, OUR ABILITY TO FUND OUR ONGOING OPERATIONS WILL BE IN JEOPARDY AND WE WILL BE UNABLE TO CONTINUE AS A GOING CONCERN.

As described elsewhere herein, our net sales are not sufficient to pay our operating expenses. Our capital requirements depend on a number of factors, including our ability to internally grow our revenues, manage our business and control our expenses. Historically, our operations have been financed primarily through a credit line from our Executive Chairman, as well as short-term loans from other affiliates. At December 31, 2018, we owed him approximately $8.0 million which is due on December 31, 2021. Earlier in 2017 he advised us that he did not expect to continue to provide working capital advances to the Company at historic levels, if at all. In 2018 we borrowed an additional $325,000 from him under short term demand notes and $26,273 under a previous line. From January 1, 2019 through March 25, 2019, we borrowed an additional $275,000 of unsecured advances which are payable on demand. The reductions in the amount of advances to us from our Executive Chairman have adversely impacted our operations from time to time. While we do not have any external sources of liquidity at this time, the Company is in continuing discussion with third parties for potential investment. These historic discussions, however, have not resulted in identifying any potential capital raising transactions which were upon proposed terms which we believed were fair to our Company and our stockholders. Given our history of losses and secured debt levels, we expect to continue to face a number of challenges in our ability to raise capital. If we do not raise funds as needed, or if our Executive Chairman should continue to reduce amounts advanced to us or discontinue altogether his practice of advancing funds to us to pay our operating expenses, our ability to provide for current working capital needs, pay our obligations as they become due, grow our Company, and continue our existing business and operations is in jeopardy. In this event, we would no longer be able to continue as a going concern and you could lose all of your investment in our Company.

OUR NET SALES INCREASED IN 2018 FROM 2017 BUT ARE NOT SUFFICIENT TO FUND OUR OPERATING EXPENSES. THERE ARE NO ASSURANCES WE WILL BE ABLE TO INCREASE OUR SALES, IN THE NEAR FUTURE, TO A LEVEL WHICH WILL FUND OUR OPERATING EXPENSES.

Although our net sales for 2018 increased by 87% from 2017, our current operations remain insufficient to fund our operating expenses and pay our obligations as they become due. We used cash in operations of approximately $187,222 and $703,037 in 2017, respectively.

5

Our gross profit margins for the year ended of 2018 increased from 22% during the year ended 2017 to 41% during the year ended 2018.The increase in our gross profit margins in the 2018 periods is attributable to increased facility utilization and operating efficiencies due to increased sales and a significant decrease in the expense for slow moving inventory from amounts recorded in 2017. We have been advised by several of our suppliers that prices for various raw materials are being increased as a result of the loss of some of their primary suppliers and higher prices with their secondary suppliers and the unknown impact of recently enacted tariffs by the current administration. However, we are exploring and implementing measures to help mitigate the impact on our costs. We notified our customers of pricing increases effective October 1, 2018 which varied by product, and we will continue to review cost of materials increases and adopt further pricing action in the future as warranted.

WE ARE DEPENDENT UPON SALES TO A LIMITED NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS AND ONE EXCLUSIVE DISTRIBUTOR REPRESENTING THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY.

In September 2017 we granted DNOW exclusive worldwide rights to sell our products in the oil and gas industry effective September 7, 2017. Sales under the agreement amounted to approximately $1.7 million in 2018, representing approximately 41% of our total net sales for 2018 vs $828,000 in 2017 representing 36% of our total net sales in 2017. There are no binding obligations from DNOW to purchase a certain amount of product from us, nor to undertake any specific marketing or sales incentives related to our products. Historically, sales to the oil and gas industry have represented approximately 65% and 70%, respectively, of our net sales in 2018 and 2017. While we granted DNOW these exclusive rights because we believed its distribution network was broad enough that it could facilitate our growth in this industry, we are wholly dependent upon DNOW’s sales efforts over which we have limited control. The exclusive nature of this agreement prevents us from engaging other distributors to facilitate sales of our products in the oil and gas industry. In that event, our revenues may be adversely impacted in future periods.

OUR ASSETS SERVE AS COLLATERAL UNDER A SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE IN THE AMOUNT OF $8.39 MILLION TO OUR EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN WHICH MATURES IN DECEMBER 2021.

Historically we have borrowed working capital from our Executive Chairman and at December 31, 2018, we owed him approximately $8.39 million. During the first quarter of 2019, we received an additional $275,000 of unsecured advances which are payable on demand. As described elsewhere in this report, in March 2019 we entered into a note exchange agreement with him whereby he agreed to extend the due date of these obligations to December 31, 2021 and we granted him a first position security interest in our assets. As of March 25, 2019, we owe him approximately $8.39 million which matures on December 31, 2021, together with an additional $600,000 of unsecured advances which are payable upon demand. If we are unable to pay this obligation when it becomes due, he could seek to foreclose on our assets in an effort to collect the amounts due him. In that event, our ability to continue our business and operations as they are presently conducted would be in jeopardy.

WE RELY ON SALES TO A LIMITED NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS AND THERE ARE NO ASSURANCES THAT THESE CUSTOMERS WILL CONTINUE TO PURCHASE PRODUCTS FROM US.

We are dependent upon sales to a limited number of customers. During the year ended December 31, 2018 sales from four customers represented a total of 83% of sales. During the year ended December 31, 2017 sales from three customers represented a total of 64% of sales. Our largest customer is a distributor; in the event of a loss of the distributor the Company would be able to sell the end users directly. We do not have contracts with our customers and the loss of sales from one or more of these customers could materially impact our results of operations in future periods.

AT DECEMBER 31, 2018 OUR CURRENT LIABILITIES INCLUDE $1,564,253 OF DEFERRED COMPENSATION. WE DO NOT HAVE THE FUNDS TO PAY THESE AMOUNTS.

Since 2005, Mr. Kroger, our President and COO, has deferred a portion of his compensation to assist us in managing our cash flow and working capital needs. In addition, Mr. Edward Vittoria, our CEO who joined our company in May 2018, is also deferring a portion of his compensation to assist us in managing our cash flow and working capital needs. Finally, two other former employees, who no longer receive a salary, are receiving regular payments from their deferred compensation. As there is no written agreement with these employees which memorializes the terms of salary deferral, only an election to do so, it is possible that the employees could demand payment in full at any time, elect to no longer defer their salaries, or reduce the amount they currently defer. We do not have the funds to pay these amounts, and unless we are successful in raising additional capital we are unable to satisfy any demands by these officers and employees for full payment of these obligations of which there are no assurances, we would be unable to pay these amounts to our employees. In that event, it is likely we would lose their services in future periods.

6

IF WE ARE UNABLE TO PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OUR ABILITY TO CONDUCT OUR BUSINESS AS IT IS PRESENTLY CONDUCTED IS IN JEOPARDY.

Our success is heavily dependent on our proprietary technology and we rely on a combination of contractual rights, patents, trade secrets, trademarks and non-disclosure agreements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. There can be no assurances that the steps we take to protect our proprietary rights will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of the technology or independent development by others of products with features based upon, or otherwise similar to, our products. In addition, although we believe that any new technology currently in development or patent pending has been independently developed and does not infringe on the proprietary rights of others, there can be no assurance that we are correct or that third parties will not assert infringement claims against us in the future. If instituted, there can be no assurances we will have adequate resources to defend a patent infringement or other proprietary rights infringement action. If we are unable to adequately protect our proprietary rights or if other products should be developed which are substantially similar to ours, our ability to continue our operations as they are presently conducted could be in jeopardy and we could be forced to cease operations. The Company believes it will have future benefits from current patent awards and applications to the extent it has working capital to pursue those patents, of which there is no assurance, and does not regard our business as being dependent upon any single patent or group of patents that may expire in the near-term.

Risk Related to our Common Stock

PROVISIONS OF OUR CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS MAY DELAY OR PREVENT A TAKE-OVER WHICH MAY NOT BE IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF OUR STOCKHOLDERS.

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may be deemed to have anti-takeover effects, which include when and by whom special meetings of our shareholders may be called, and may delay, defer or prevent a takeover attempt. In addition, certain provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law also may be deemed to have certain anti-takeover effects. Further, our certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 500,000 shares of preferred stock with such rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our board of directors in their sole discretion. Although, to date, we have never issued preferred stock, our board of directors may, without stockholder approval, issue series of preferred stock with dividends, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock.

THE EXERCISE OF OUTSTANDING WARRANTS AND OPTIONS WILL BE DILUTIVE TO OUR EXISTING STOCKHOLDERS.

At December 31, 2018, we had 69,016,468 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding and the following securities, which are exercisable into shares of our common stock, were outstanding:

·

773,336 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants with exercise prices ranging from $0.05 to $0.25 per share; and

·

11,785,000 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of options with exercise prices ranging from $0.017 per share to $0.280 per share.

The issuance of these shares will be dilutive to our existing stockholders.

BECAUSE OUR STOCK CURRENTLY TRADES BELOW $5.00 PER SHARE, AND IS QUOTED ON THE OTCQB® MARKETPLACE, OUR STOCK IS CONSIDERED A "PENNY STOCK" WHICH CAN ADVERSELY AFFECT ITS LIQUIDITY.

As the trading price of our common stock is less than $5.00 per share, our common stock is considered a "penny stock," and trading in our common stock is subject to the requirements of Rule 15g-9 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Under this rule, broker/dealers who recommend low-priced securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors must satisfy special sales practice requirements. The broker/dealer must make an individualized written suitability determination for the purchaser and receive the purchaser's written consent prior to the transaction.

Securities and Exchange Commission regulations also require additional disclosure in connection with any trades involving a "penny stock," including the delivery, prior to any penny stock transaction, of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and its associated risks. These requirements severely limit the liquidity of our common stock in the secondary market because few brokers or dealers are likely to undertake these compliance activities. Purchasers of our common stock may find it difficult to resell the shares in the secondary market.

7

THERE MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT LIQUIDITY IN THE MARKET FOR OUR SECURITIES IN ORDER FOR INVESTORS TO SELL THEIR SECURITIES. THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK MAY BE VOLATILE.

While our common stock is quoted on the OTCQB Tier of the OTC Markets, our common stock is thinly traded and should be considered an illiquid investment. The market price of our common stock will likely be highly volatile, as is the stock market in general, and the market for over the counter quoted stocks in particular. Some of the factors that may materially affect the market price of our common stock are beyond our control, such as conditions or trends in the industry in which we operate or sales of our common stock. These factors may materially adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our performance. In addition, the public stock markets have experienced extreme price and trading volume volatility. This volatility has significantly affected the market prices of securities of many companies for reasons frequently unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

FINRA SALES PRACTICE REQUIREMENTS MAY ALSO LIMIT A STOCKHOLDERS ABILITY TO BUY AND SELL OUR STOCK.

In addition to the penny stock rules promulgated by the SEC, which are discussed earlier in this section, the rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative, low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must have reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common stock, which may limit the ability to buy and sell our stock and have an adverse effect on the market value for our shares.

ITEM 1B.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

Not applicable to a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES.

We lease approximately 25,500 square feet of office and warehouse space in Boynton Beach, Florida which serves as our principal executive offices, from an unrelated third party under a lease which expires on July 31, 2024. On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a non-cancellable five-year lease for the same facilities commencing August 1, 2019 and expiring July 31, 2024. The lease will require an initial rent of $14,899 per month, beginning August 1, 2019 for the first year, increasing by 3% per year to $16,769 per month in the fifth year. In addition, the Company is responsible for all operating expenses and utilities. As part of the lease the landlord agreed to reimburse the Company $58,000 towards the replacement of air conditioning units, upon written request. As of December 31, 2018 the Company had received all of the reimbursement.

ITEM 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

None.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable to our Company.

8

PART II

ITEM 5.

STOCKHOLDER MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Our common stock is quoted on the OTCQB® Tier of the OTC Markets under the symbol PFTI.

On March 22, 2019, the last sale price of our common stock as reported on the OTCQB® was $0.05. As of March 22, 2019, there were 338 record owners of our common stock. The transfer agent for the Company’s common stock is ClearTrust LLC, 16540 Pointe Village Drive, Suite 201, Lutz, Florida 33558.

Dividend Policy

The Company has never declared or paid cash dividends on its common stock. Under Delaware law, we may declare and pay dividends on our capital stock either out of our surplus, as defined in the relevant Delaware statutes, or if there is no such surplus, out of our net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and/or the preceding fiscal year. If, however, the capital of our Company, computed in accordance with the relevant Delaware statutes, has been diminished by depreciation in the value of our property, or by losses, or otherwise, to an amount less than the aggregate amount of the capital represented by the issued and outstanding stock of all classes having a preference upon the distribution of assets, we are prohibited from declaring and paying out of such net profits and dividends upon any shares of our capital stock until the deficiency in the amount of capital represented by the issued and outstanding stock of all classes having a preference upon the distribution of assets shall have been repaired.

The Company presently intends to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of its business and does not anticipate any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future. The future dividend policy will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, expansion plans, financial condition and other relevant factors.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

ITEM 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

Not applicable to a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 7.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

You should read the following discussion together with our audited financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical financial information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Actual results could differ from these expectations as a result of factors including those described under “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information” and Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

We design, manufacture, market and distribute worldwide the Puradyn® bypass oil filtration system for use with substantially all internal combustion engines and hydraulic equipment that use lubricating oil. Working in conjunction with the equipment’s primary oil filter, the Puradyn system cleans oil by providing a kidney loop circuit of oil filtration and treatment to continually remove solid and liquid contaminants from the oil through a sophisticated and unique filtration and absorption process. The Puradyn system consists of a base filtration unit or housing that is connected via hoses or steel tubing to the engine or hydraulic system, along with filter elements that reside inside the filtration unit and are replaced periodically to maintain top performance. We believe that our filter is unique in that it incorporates an additive package to replenish depleted base additive levels in engine lubricating oil. Because Puradyn-filtered lubricating oil is kept in a continually clean state and within engine manufacturers’ specification, our system has been used effectively to safely and significantly extend oil-drain intervals and to extend the time between engine overhauls.

Our core product, the patented Puradyn bypass oil filtration system can be attached to almost any engine, transmission or hydraulic application. All Puradyn systems are compatible with virtually all standard and synthetic oils on the market, and they work with engines using gasoline, diesel, propane or natural gas. We are also the sole manufacturer and provider of Puradyn replacement filter elements for the Puradyn system. Our products are marketed to numerous industries that include hydraulic applications, and other users of engines or equipment that utilize up to 50 weight oil for lubrication.

9

We focus our sales strategy on individual sales and distribution efforts as well as on the development of a global distribution network that will not only sell, but also install and support our product. DistributionNow (DNOW) joined the Puradyn distributor network in 2016 and became exclusive distributor for the oil and gas industry in September 2017. With 300 locations worldwide, DNOW provides the potential to reach to new markets and customers which we would otherwise not be able to effectively reach, and consistently support our product on a global basis. MNI Diesel, LLC (MNI) joined the Puradyn distributor network in 2012, and in August 2018 became the exclusive distributor of Puradyn products to the commercial marine industry for the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys and the U.S. Gulf Coast of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. In addition to the DNOW network and MNI, we currently have approximately 40 distributors and manufacturer representatives that sell and/or service the Puradyn system in the U.S. and internationally. Today our products are found around the world in a number of industries, including oil and gas, power generation, construction and forestry, commercial marine, mining, and transportation.

2018 business highlights

·

While the initial rollout of the product through the DNOW distribution channel began a little slower than we had hoped, we were encouraged by increasing interest throughout 2018 that led to new orders and evaluations.

o

Our total sales to DNOW increased by 106% in 2018 vs 2017 and accounted for 41% of our total sales.

o

DNOW salespeople in multiple target regions, including East and West Texas, Oklahoma, Ohio, Pennsylvania Denver, and Dubai have completed training and are now actively pursuing new prospects on Puradyn’s behalf.

o

One of the last remaining “majors” in the land rig segment began installing systems in late 2018 pushing our estimated penetration of U.S. land rigs to almost 70%.

o

Legend Energy Services became our first customer in pressure pumping, a segment which has the potential to provide 3-4x the sales as the land rig segment. Legend began testing our systems in early 2018 and within a few months proceeded to equip their entire fleet. Legend’s executive responsible for the decision cited it as “the most beneficial cost vs reward decisions I have made in my career” and confirmed that the systems have already paid for themselves. Other customers in pressure pumping are conducting trials.

o

Successful pilots in the midstream segment were also completed and several customers have begun installing systems on the engines that power pipeline transfer stations. Like pressure pumping, the midstream category has the potential to provide over 3x the sales opportunity as land rigs.

·

We launched a new and expanded relationship with MNI Diesel, LLC in August 2018 that made MNI the exclusive distributor of Puradyn products to the commercial marine industry for the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys and the U.S. Gulf Coast of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. MNI has significant experience with selling, installing and monitoring the success of Puradyn systems on their clients’ vessels, making them a powerful advocate for our product line. One of MNI’s customers is a leading inland marine operator that has confirmed they save over $5,000 per year per vessel by using Puradyn systems. Our total sales to MNI increased by over 100% in 2018 vs 2017 and accounted for 10% of our total sales.

·

We fulfilled a large order bound for Afghanistan to be used on power generation systems.

2018 financial highlights:

·

Record revenues surpassing $4 million for the first time in Puradyn’s history;

·

Sales growth of 87% during 2018 compared to 2017;

·

During 2018 Puradyn experienced its first ever profitable quarter;

·

Gross profit margins almost doubled to 41% in 2018 from 22% in 2017;

·

Operating income of $111,070 for 2018 as compared to an operating loss of $(956,578) for 2017; and

·

A net loss of $(216,382) for 2018 compared to a loss of $(1,230,094) in 2017.

10

Key strategies:

Building on the momentum gained in 2018, we are focusing our sales and marketing efforts in 2019 on:

·

Further adoption of Puradyn in the pressure pumping and midstream/pipeline segments of the oil and gas industry;

·

Increased focus on the commercial marine segment, with focus on geographies not currently covered by MNI

·

Further expansion in key international markets through new and existing distributors.

In addition, from an operating standpoint we are placing additional emphasis on:

·

Managing materials costs and preparing for any impacts from new tariffs;

·

Increasing operating capacity and efficiency

Outlook

We attribute the increase in 2018 sales to a number of customers in targeted markets experiencing improved business conditions and greater receptivity to Puradyn’s message of proven cost savings. Revenue growth continues to derive from multiple customer segments especially in the oil and gas industry, which continues to be our largest. With new customers added in 2018, we believe Puradyn systems will now be active on the majority of active U.S. land rigs. Our focus on the pressure pumping and midstream segments, both of which we believe may provide double the opportunity of land rigs, has been further supported by expanded marketing efforts through our DNOW relationship and the sharing of positive results by early adopters, such as Legend Energy Services, who proceeded to make Puradyn standard on their entire fleet of pressure pumping engines within a few months of beginning testing in the first quarter of 2018. Our efforts in the commercial marine segment will benefit from an expanded relationship with one of our stronger distribution partners, MNI Diesel, who has installed hundreds of Puradyn systems and has witnessed their performance first hand, which makes them a very credible advocate.

We also continue to receive orders from emerging, and sometimes unexpected, segments, including a large order for units headed to Afghanistan for use on generators and another order for mobile cell transmission towers and lighting units. The applicability of Puradyn bypass filtration to a wide range of industrial engine uses and hydraulic systems is becoming clearer, and people responsible for the maintenance and cost mitigation of this machinery are increasingly seeking the proven results of our systems.

Going Concern

Our financial statements have been prepared on the basis that we will operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. We have incurred net losses each year since inception and have relied on loans from related parties to fund our operations. These recurring operating losses, liabilities exceeding assets and the reliance on cash inflows from our principal stockholder, as set forth above, have led our independent registered public accounting firm Liggett & Webb, P.A. to include a statement in its audit report relating to our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 expressing substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to obtain the necessary financing to meet our obligations and repay our liabilities when they become due and to generate profitable operations in the future. There are no assurances that we will have sufficient funds to execute our business plan, pay our obligations as they become due or generate positive operating results.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. The more critical accounting estimates include estimates related to revenue recognition and accounts receivable allowances. We also have other key accounting policies, which involve the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that are significant to understanding our results, which are described in Note 1 to our audited financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Information concerning recently issued accounting pronouncements is set forth in Note 1 of our Notes to Financial Statements appearing elsewhere in this report.

11

Results of Operations

The following table provides certain selected financial information for the periods presented:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			% change
Net sales	$	4,203,556		$	2,250,141			87	%
Gross profit	$	1,740,348		$	491,167			254	%
Total operating costs		1,629,278			1,447,745			-13	%
Income (loss) from operations	$	111,070		$	(956,578	)		-112	%
Total other (expense), net		(327,452	)		(273,516	)		20	%
Net loss	$	(216,382	)	$	(1,230,094	)		-82	%
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.00	)		—

Net sales

The increase in net sales was driven primarily by over a 60% increase in demand within the oil and gas sector for both new systems and replacement filters, the doubling of sales in the commercial marine sector, and new business supporting power generation needs in Afghanistan.  Price increases were introduced in October, 2018 and rolled out through the fourth quarter, but the full impact will not be realized until the first quarter of 2019.

Gross profit

The increase in our gross profit margins in the 2018 periods is attributable to increased facility utilization and operating efficiencies due to increased sales and a significant decrease in the expense for slow moving inventory from amounts recorded in 2017. We have been advised by several of our suppliers that prices for various raw materials are being increased as a result of the loss of some of their primary suppliers and higher prices with their secondary suppliers and the unknown impact of recently enacted tariffs by the current administration. However, we are exploring and implementing measures to help mitigate the impact on our costs. We notified our customers of pricing increases effective October 1, 2018 which varied by product, and we will continue to review cost of materials increases and adopt further pricing action in the future as warranted.

Total operating costs

Our total operating costs, which include salaries and wages and selling and administrative expenses, increased during the year ended December 31, 2018 due to primarily to the hiring of our new CEO in May 2018. The additional expense was offset by the decision not to fill a position vacated voluntarily and the impact of one employee who is now being paid only from deferred compensation. The increase also attributable to increases in non-cash expenses associated with stock compensation to employees and our decision to restart targeted advertising. The Company also recorded an expense of $105,665 in 2018 for the impairments of patents as it could not identify any future economic value. We anticipate that our selling and administration expenses will increase slightly throughout 2019, inclusive of communication costs, office supplies, and other components of administrative expenses, although we are unable at this time to quantify the amount of this expected increase.

Total other expense, net

Total other expense, net represents interest we pay to related parties on amounts advanced to us for working capital.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  

We had cash on hand of $112,769 and a working capital deficit of $1,603,639 at December 31, 2018 as compared to cash on hand of $54,438 and a working capital deficit of $9,470,970 at December 31, 2017. Our current ratio (current assets to current liabilities) was .45 to 1 at December 31, 2018 as compared to .08 to 1 at December 31, 2017. The decrease in negative working capital is primarily attributable to the note exchange agreement entered into with our Executive Chairman extending the maturity date of his working capital loans to December 31, 2021, thereby reclassifying these amounts from current liabilities to long-term liabilities, together with increases in inventory and accounts receivable which were offset by decreases in deferred compensation, sales incentives cash and increase in accounts payable. We do not currently have any commitments for capital expenditures.

12

Our net sales are not sufficient to pay our operating expenses or satisfy our obligations as when they become due.  Historically, we have been materially reliant on working capital advances from our Executive Chairman to address our liquidity and working capital issues through the utilization of the borrowing agreement with him. In 2018 we borrowed an additional $325,000 from him under short term demand notes and $26,273 under a previous line. In addition the Company received additional loans in the amount of $250,000 from a related party to both the Company’s Executive Chairman and its Chief Executive Officer, as advances for working capital needs.

On March 25, 2019 we entered into a note exchange agreement with our Executive Chairman pursuant to which he exchanged $7,989,622 of principal and $395,510 of accrued interest which was due on December 31, 2019 under an unsecured loan for a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $8,385,132. The note, which matures on December 31, 2021, bears interest at 4% per annum, payable monthly, and is secured by a first position security interest in our assets. In addition, we owe him $600,000 for other working capital advances which are due on demand.

We also owe two of our executive officers and two former employees $1,564,253 in deferred cash compensation at December 31, 2018, which represents 54% of our current liabilities on that date. These current and former employees agreed to defer a portion of their compensation to assist us in managing our cash flow and working capital needs. As there is no written agreement with these current and former employees which memorializes the terms of salary deferral, only an election to do so, it is possible these individuals could demand payment in full at any time or elect to no longer defer their salaries, or reduce the amount they currently defer. We do not have sufficient funds to satisfy these obligations.

We do not have any external sources of liquidity at this time, and our discussions over the past few years with third parties for potential investments have not been successful. We historically have encountered resistance from potential investors on a variety of fronts, including our operating losses, and the amount of debt due to our Executive Chairman. He is not obligated to lend us any additional funds and the amounts we owe him, which are secured by our assets, mature in December 2021. If we are unable able raise additional working capital as necessary, of which there can be no assurance, we will be able to continue as a going concern and it is possible our stockholders could lose their entire investment in our company.

Summary cash flows

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Net cash (used) by operating activities	$	(187,222	)	$	(703,037	)
Net cash (used) by investing activities	$	(102,277	)	$	(101,576	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	347,830		$	846,245

During the year ended December 31, 2018 net cash used by our operating activities was principally related to increases in inventory, accounts receivable and  offset by increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The increases in accounts receivable as well as the corresponding increases in inventory and accounts payable were a result of the Company’s expected increase in sales and timing of receiving raw materials. During the year ended December 31, 2017, cash used by operating activities was primarily used to fund our net loss together with increase in prepaid expenses and accounts receivable were partially offset by decrease in inventory as well a provision for slow moving inventory and increase in accrued liabilities.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, net cash used by investing activities represented capitalized patent costs and purchases of equipment.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, net cash provided by financing activities represented notes payable to stockholders, net of capital lease payments and repayments of note payable to stockholder.

13

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of the date of this report, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.  The term "off-balance sheet arrangement" generally means any transaction, agreement or other contractual arrangement to which an entity unconsolidated with us is a party, under which we have any obligation arising under a guarantee contract, derivative instrument or variable interest or a retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to such entity or similar arrangement that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support for such assets.

ITEM 7A.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

Our financial statements are contained later in this report beginning on page F-1.

ITEM 9.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.

ITEM 9A.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, which includes our Chief Executive Officer, and our CFO consultant who serves as our principal financial and accounting officer, have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of December 31, 2018. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our CFO consultant who serves as our principal financial and accounting officer, concluded that as of December 31, 2018 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure as a result of material weaknesses.

Our management does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal controls will prevent all error and fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. In addition, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the control. The design of any systems of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of these inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our CFO consultant who serves as our principal financial and accounting officer, are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

·

pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;

14

·

provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

·

provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of the inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making its assessment of internal control over financial reporting, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework “2013”. Based on this assessment, our management has concluded that as of December 31, 2018, our internal control over financial reporting was effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B.

OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

15

PART III

ITEM 10.

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

Directors and Executive Officers

The following individuals serve as our executive officers and/or members of our Board of Directors:

Name	Age	Positions
Joseph V. Vittoria	83	Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors
Edward S. Vittoria	47	Chief Executive Officer and Director
Kevin G. Kroger	67	President, Chief Operating Officer and Director
John S. Caldwell	74	Director

Joseph V. Vittoria was appointed to the Puradyn Board of Directors as Chairman on February 8, 2000 and to the office of Chief Executive Officer on October 24, 2006. On May 18, 2018, he resigned from his position as Chief Executive Officer and has been appointed Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors. Mr. Vittoria was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Travel Services International, Inc. from 1997 until it was sold in 2000. From 1987 to 1997, Mr. Vittoria served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Avis, Inc., and was its President and Chief Operating Officer from 1982 to 1987. Mr. Vittoria also serves on the Board of Yachtico.com. He is also an Emeritus Member of the Columbia Business School’s Board of Overseers.

Mr. Vittoria’s extensive management, banking, organizational growth and experience bring oversight and guidance to the Company’s entire organization. The Board believes that Mr. Vittoria has the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills necessary to serve as Executive Chairman.

Edward S. Vittoria was appointed on May 18, 2018 as Chief Executive Officer of Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and as a member of its Board of Directors. Mr. Vittoria brings 25 years of corporate marketing, business development and strategic leadership to Puradyn, beginning with over a dozen years at American Express.  In 2006, he joined Starwood Hotels & Resorts to lead their Luxury Collection brand, the third largest luxury hotel brand in the world after which he joined Steve Case’s payments start-up, Revolution Money, where he led customer acquisition and branding.  After Revolution Money was purchased by American Express, he led New Business Development for Time Inc.’s Synapse division until 2012 when he joined Simon Property Group, where he developed and launched a first of its kind loyalty program for mall shoppers.   Mr. Vittoria holds a B.A. in Economics from Yale University and is the son of Mr. Joseph Vittoria.

The Board believes that Mr. Vittoria has the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills necessary to serve as Chief Executive Officer and a Director.

Kevin G. Kroger joined Puradyn July 3, 2000 as President and Chief Operating Officer and was appointed to the Board of Directors in November 2000. Mr. Kroger was with Detroit Diesel Corporation from 1989 to the time he joined our Company, serving in various executive and Board positions prior to his appointment in 1998 to the position of Vice President and General Manager of Series 55/40/30/Cento Industrial product line. From 1987 to 1989 he was Vice President of R.E.S. Leasing and of VE Corporation. From 1971 to 1987, he held several management positions with Caterpillar Corporation.

With significant experience in the heavy-duty engine industry, Mr. Kroger provides our company with operations oversight and guidance in engineering, which facilitates our research and development area. The Board believes that Mr. Kroger has the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills necessary to serve as a Director.

Lieutenant General (Retired) John S. Caldwell, Jr. was appointed to the Puradyn Board of Directors on August 25, 2005 and served as Chairman of the Compensation Committee until it was disbanded in March 2016. Gen. Caldwell served as the Army’s top ranking officer for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology when he retired in January 2004. He also served as Director of the 50,000-person Army Acquisition Workforce, responsible for personnel development and training policy and key assignment recommendations. Prior to these positions, Gen. Caldwell served as the Commanding General of the US Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM), in which capacity he developed, fielded and supported lethality, survivability and mobility capabilities for approximately 70% of the Army’s ground force. He served 4 years as the Project Manager, Abrams Tank System, leading R&D, production, quality assurance, procurement and logistical support of the Army’s tank program, a $600 million R&D, $15 billion procurement program with major international components.  General Caldwell currently consults in various capacities, including as a Member of The Spectrum Group. General Caldwell holds the degrees of Bachelor of Science from the US Military Academy, West Point, in New York; Master in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, GA, and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces. General Caldwell served as a member of the board of Taser International from 2007 to May 2016.

16

Gen. Caldwell’s logistic and military background brings to our organization oversight and guidance in the planning and execution of our financial and operational growth plan. The Board believes that Gen. Caldwell has the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills necessary to serve as a Director.

There are no family relationships between any of the executive officers and directors, except as set forth above. Each director is elected at our annual meeting of stockholders and holds office until the next annual meeting of stockholders, or until his successor is elected and qualified.

If any director resigns, dies or is otherwise unable to serve out his or her term, or if the Board increases the number of directors, the Board may fill any vacancy by a vote of a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum exists. A director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the unexpired term of his or her predecessor. Vacancies occurring by reason of the removal of directors without cause may only be filled by vote of the stockholders.

CFO Consultant

During the year ended December 31, 2018 our outsourced financial consultant Martin Scott became our principal financial and accounting officer. Under the scope of this engagement, Mr. Scott, who is not an executive officer or employee of our company, serves as our principal financial and accounting officer.  Mr. Scott is the President of Martin Scott CFO Consulting Services Inc , which provides chief financial officer services to various companies. Mr. Scott holds a Bachelor of Science from the Florida State University, is a member of The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and a Certified Public Accountant licensed in the State of Florida.

Compliance With Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act

Based solely upon a review of Forms 3 and 4 and amendments thereto furnished to us under Rule 16a-3(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the year ended December 31, 2018 and Forms 5 and amendments thereto furnished to us with respect to the year ended December 31, 2018, as well as any written representation from a reporting person that no Form 5 is required, we are not aware of any officer, director or 10% or greater stockholder that failed to file on a timely basis, as disclosed in the aforementioned Forms, reports required by Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a Business Ethics and Conflicts of Interest Statement outlining business ethics and conflicts of interest for all officers, directors and employees of the Company, including procedures for prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to the appropriate persons.

You will find a copy of our Business Ethics and Conflicts of Interest Statement posted on our website at http://www.puradyn.com under Investor Relations, or you may write to us at Puradyn Investor Relations, 2017 High Ridge Road, Boynton Beach, FL 33426.  Our Code of Ethics applies to all directors, officers and employees. We will provide a copy to you upon request at no charge.

Board Leadership Structure and the Role of our Board in Risk Oversight

The Board of Directors oversees our business affairs and monitors the performance of management. One of our three directors is independent and we do not have a lead independent director.  In accordance with our corporate governance principles, our independent director does not involve himself in day-to-day operations. The independent director keeps informed through discussions with our Chief Executive Officer and our other executive officers, and by reading the reports and other materials that we send them and by participating in meeting of the Board of Directors. Our independent director may meet at any time in his sole discretion without any other directors or representatives of management present. Our independent director has access to the members of our management team or other employees as well as full access to our books and records. We have no policy limiting, and exert no control over, meetings of our independent directors. Our Board of Directors believes our current structure provides independence and oversight and facilitates the communication between senior management and the Board of Directors regarding risk oversight, which the Board believes strengthens its risk oversight activities.

Risk is inherent with every business, and how well a business manages risk can ultimately determine its success. We face a number of risks, including liquidity risk, operational risk, strategic risk and reputation risk. Management is responsible for the day-to-day management of the risks we face, while the Board, as a whole, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management. In his role and as independent director, General Caldwell meets regularly with management to discuss strategy and risks we face and to address any questions or concerns they may have on risk management and any other matters.

17

Nominees the Board of Directors

We do not have a policy regarding the consideration of any director candidates which may be recommended by our stockholders, including the minimum qualifications for director candidates, nor has our Board of Directors established a process for identifying and evaluating director nominees. We have not adopted a policy regarding the handling of any potential recommendation of director candidates by our stockholders, including the procedures to be followed. Our Board has not considered or adopted any of these policies as we have never received a recommendation from any stockholder for any candidate to serve on our Board of Directors. We do not anticipate that any of our stockholders will make such a recommendation in the near future. While there have been no nominations of additional directors proposed, in the event such a proposal is made, all members of our Board will participate in the consideration of director nominees.

Committees of the Board of Directors

We do not have any committees of comprised of members of our Board of Directors, including an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee or a Nominating Committee, any committee performing a similar function. The functions of those committees are being undertaken by Board of Directors as a whole.  None of our directors is an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of Item 401(e) of Regulation S-K. In general, an “audit committee financial expert” is an individual member of the audit committee or board of directors who:

· understands generally accepted accounting principles and financial statements,

· is able to assess the general application of such principles in connection with accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves,

· has experience preparing, auditing, analyzing or evaluating financial statements comparable to the breadth and complexity to our financial statements,

· understands internal controls over financial reporting, and

· understands audit committee functions.

Our securities are not quoted on an exchange that has requirements that a majority of our Board members be independent and we are not currently otherwise subject to any law, rule or regulation requiring that all or any portion of our board of directors include “independent” directors, nor are we required to establish or maintain an Audit Committee or other committee of our Board of Directors.

ITEM 11.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

The following table summarizes all compensation recorded by us in the last completed fiscal year for:

·

our principal executive officer or other individual serving in a similar capacity, and

·

two most highly compensated executive officer other than our principal executive officer was were serving as an executive officer at December 31, 2018.

For definitional purposes in this annual report these individuals are sometimes referred to as the "named executive officers." The value attributable to any option awards is computed in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. During 2018 and 2017, one executive deferred 2% and 15% of base wages, respectively. The amounts included below reflect wages actually earned during the respective periods.

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE –
Name and principal position	Year	Salary ($)	Bonus ($)	Stock Awards ($)	Option Awards ($)	Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)	Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($)	All Other Compensation ($)	Total ($)
Joseph V. Vittoria 1	2018	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	2017	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Edward S. Vittoria2	2018	108,574	50,000		101,437				260,011
Kevin Kroger 3	2018	186,000	—	—	10,854	—	—	15,460	212,314
	2017	186,000	—	—	—	—	—	14,125	200,125

———————

1.

Mr. Vittoria is our Executive Chairman. Mr. Vittoria’s compensation excludes interest paid to him under the working capital loan he provides to our Company. See Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence appearing later in this report.

2.

Mr. Edward Vittoria is our Chief Executive Officer.

18

3.

Mr. Kroger serves as our President and Chief Operating Officer. All Other Compensation in the foregoing table represents the aggregate dollar amount of a car allowance received by Mr. Kroger during each fiscal year and disability and life insurance premiums we pay on his behalf. Annual salary deferral of $2,994 and $28,533 is included in his salary for 2018 and 2017, respectively, in the foregoing table. As there is no written agreement with Mr. Kroger which memorializes the terms of salary deferral, only an election to do so, it is possible that he could demand payment in full at any time, elect to no longer defer his salary, or reduce the amount he currently defers.

How our Executive Officers Compensation is Determined

On May 18, 2018 we entered into a letter agreement with Mr. Edward S. Vittoria pursuant to which he agreed to be employed by us as our Chief Executive Officer for an initial term ending May 31, 2019, which such term may be extended by mutual agreement upon terms and conditions to be mutually agreed upon prior to the expiration of such initial term.  Under the terms of the letter agreement we agreed to pay him: (i) an annual base salary of $200,000, payable in accordance with our normal payroll practices; (ii) an annual cash bonus to be awarded by our Board of Directors in January in a minimum amount of $50,000; and (iii) granted him options to purchase 6,500,000 shares of our common stock, vesting one-third in arrears, at an exercise price equal to fair market value on the date of grant pursuant to the terms and conditions of our 2018 Equity Compensation Plan.  He is also entitled to: (i) participate in all of our benefit programs currently existing or hereafter made available to executive and/or salaried; (ii) an amount of annual paid vacation consistent with his position and length of service to us; and (iii) reimbursement for all reasonable, out of-pocket expenses incurred by him.

On July 3, 2000, the Company entered into an employment agreement, with an initial term of three years, with Mr. Kroger, who serves as our President and Chief Operating Officer. Thereafter, the contract was amended on December 23, 2002 and July 3, 2003. The term of the agreement automatically renews on a year to year basis on the same terms and conditions contained herein in effect as of the time of renewal. The contract initially provided for an annual salary of $166,000, minimum bonuses of $50,000, $80,000 and $80,000, respectively, for the years 2000 through 2002; 300,000 qualified stock options; a one-year salary severance clause, and certain insurance and auto allowance compensations. Mr. Kroger is also entitled to pay health insurance, a life insurance and disability policy, a $1,000 per month car allowance, five weeks paid vacation and other executive benefits which may be made available from time to time. Upon entering into the agreement we granted Mr. Kroger 10-year options to purchase 300,000 shares of our common stock at the then fair market value of our common stock which vested in equal installments on the first, second, third and fourth anniversary date of the agreement. The agreement also contains customary indemnification, non-compete, confidentiality and invention assignment clauses. The term of the agreement continues on a year-to-year basis on the same terms and conditions as were in effect at the time of renewal. The agreement may be terminated by us upon Mr. Kroger’s death or disability, by us for good cause as defined in the agreement, or by either party without cause. In the event the agreement is terminated on Mr. Kroger’s death, by us for cause or by him without cause, we do not owe any severance benefits. If the agreement is terminated as a result of his disability, we are required to pay him a lump sum equal to the greater of the base salary then in effect for the remaining term of the agreement or for one year. If the agreement is terminated by us without cause or by Mr. Kroger in the event of a change of control of our Company, we are required to pay him a lump sum equal to the greater of the base salary then in effect for the remaining term of the agreement or for one year, together with any declared but unpaid bonus. The addendum dated July 3, 2003 discontinued the bonus provision of the contract but all other terms and conditions of the contract remain in effect.

On November 16, 2017 we entered into an addendum with Mr. Kroger pursuant to which the amount of his life insurance policy was reduced, but all other terms and conditions of the contract remain in effect. During 2018 and 2017, Mr. Kroger’s base annual salary was $186,000 with approximately $2,994 and $28,533, or 2% and 15%, respectively, deferred annually. As there is no written agreement with Mr. Kroger which memorializes the terms of salary deferral, only an election to do so, it is possible that he could demand payment in full at any time, elect to no longer defer his salary, or reduce the amount he currently defers. In addition on April 12, 2018, the Company granted Mr. Kroger s options to purchase 600,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.0189. The options vest over a three-year period and expire April 12, 2028.

19

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End

The following table provides information concerning unexercised options, stock that has not vested and equity incentive plan awards for each named executive officer outstanding as of December 31, 2018:

	OPTION AWARDS					STOCK AWARDS
Name	Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) exercisable	Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) unexercisable	Equity incentive plan awards: Number of securities underlying unexercised unearned options (#)	Option exercise price ($)	Option expiration date	Number of shares or units of stock that have not vested (#)	Market value of shares or units of stock that have not vested ($)	Equity incentive plan awards: Number of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested (#)	Equity incentive plan awards: Market or payout value of unearned shares, units or other rights that have not vested (#)
Joseph V. Vittoria		—	—			—	—	—	—
Edward S. Vittoria		6,500,000		0.017	05/18/2028
Kevin Kroger		600,000		0.0189	04/12/2028
	100,000	—	—	0.21	09/08/2020	—	—	—	—
	150,000	—	—	0.28	02/04/2021	—	—	—	—
	150,000	—	—	0.14	03/30/2022	—	—	—	—
	100,000	—	—	0.16	05/26/2025	—	—	—	—

Incentive and Non-qualified Stock Option and Stock Award Plans

We currently have three stock option plans, our 2018 Option Plan, 2010 Option Plan, and our Directors' Plan.  Our earlier plans which were adopted in 1996 and 1999 have expired by their terms. Please see Note 14 to the notes to our financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report for a description of the material terms of these plans.

Director Compensation

Each independent member of the Board of Directors is automatically granted 5,000 options upon election or appointment as a new member of the Board of Directors. Each independent director receives an additional 5,000 options at the close of each annual meeting of stockholders or on the anniversary of their appointment to the Board. Additionally, and at such time as the Board forms committees, each independent director automatically received 2,500 options for each committee of the Board on which the director serves. Options are granted at a price equal to the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant, are exercisable commencing two years following grant, and will expire five years from the date of grant. In the event a person ceases to serve on the Board of Directors, the outstanding options expire one year from the date of cessation of service. Our management directors do not receive any compensation for their services as directors.

The following table provides information concerning the compensation of our Board members for their services as members of our Board of Directors for 2018. The value attributable to any option awards is computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The assumptions made in the valuations of the option awards are included in Note 14 of the Notes to our Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 appearing elsewhere in this report.

Director Compensation
Name	Fees earned or paid in cash ($)	Stock awards ($)	Option awards ($)	Non-equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)	Nonqualified Deferred Compensation earnings ($)	All other compensation ($)	Total ($)
Joseph V. Vittoria	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Edward S. Vittoria
John S. Caldwell (1)	—	—	1,128	—	—	—	1,128
Kevin G. Kroger	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

———————

(1)

On April 12, 2018, General Caldwell was granted options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.0189 per share, with three-year vesting beginning April 12, 2019 and expiring on April 12, 2028.

On August 24, 2018, General Caldwell was granted options to purchase 5,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.045 per share, vesting on August 25, 2020 and expiring on August 25, 2023.

20

ITEM 12.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

At March 25, 2019 we had 69,016,468 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 25, 2019 by:

·

each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock;

·

each of our directors;

·

each of our named executive officers; and

·

our named executive officers, directors and director nominees as a group.

Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each person listed is in care of 2017 High Ridge Road, Boynton Beach, Florida 33426. The percentages in the table have been calculated on the basis of treating as outstanding for a particular person, all shares of our common stock outstanding on that date and all shares of our common stock issuable to that holder in the event of exercise of outstanding options, warrants, rights or conversion privileges owned by that person at that date which are exercisable within 60 days of that date. Except as otherwise indicated, the persons listed below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock owned by them, except to the extent that power may be shared with a spouse.

NAME OF BENEFICIAL OWNER	AMOUNT AND NATURE OF BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP	% OF CLASS
Joseph V. Vittoria	21,865,998	31.7%
Edward S. Vittoria(1)	2,705,317	3.9%
Kevin G. Kroger (2)	1,192,709	1.7%
Lieutenant General John S. Caldwell, Jr. US Army (retired)(3)	20,000	*
All officers and directors as a group (four persons) (1)(2)(3)	25,784,024	37.3%
Dominick Telesco	6,237,570	9.0%

———————

*

represents less than 1%

(1)

The number of shares beneficially owned by Mr. Edward Vittoria includes:  

·

1,546,955 shares of common stock held for the benefit of minor children.

The number of shares beneficially owned by Mr. Ed Vittoria excludes:

·

options to purchase 6,500,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.017 per share through May 18, 2028.

(2)

The number of shares beneficially owned by Mr. Kroger includes:

·

options to purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.21 per share through September 8, 2020;

·

options to purchase 150,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.28 per share through February 4, 2021;

·

options to purchase 150,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.14 per share through March 30, 2022; and

·

options to purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.16 per share through May 26, 2025.

The number of shares beneficially owned by Mr. Kroger excludes:

·

unvested options to purchase 600,000 shares of common stock at $0.0189 per share through April 12, 2028.

(3)

The number of shares beneficially owned by General Caldwell includes:

·

options to purchase 7,500 shares of common stock at $0.27 per share through August 25, 2019;

·

options to purchase 7,500 shares of common stock at $0.13 per share through August 25, 2020; and

·

options to purchase 5,000 shares of common stock at $0.04 per share through August 25, 2021.

The number of shares beneficially owned by General Caldwell excludes:

·

unvested options to purchase 5,000 shares of common stock at $0.034 per share through August 25, 2022;

·

unvested options to purchase 5,000 shares of common stock at $0.045 per share through August 25, 2023; and

·

unvested options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at $0.0189 per share through April 12, 2028.

21

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth securities authorized for issuance under any equity compensation plans approved by our stockholders as well as any equity compensation plans not approved by our stockholders as of December 31, 2018.

	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a)	Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b)	Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a) (c)
Plan category
Plans approved by stockholders:
2010 Stock Option Plan	2,180,000	0.192	1,668,336
2000 Non-Employee Directors Plan	30,000	.12	370,000
Plans not approved by stockholders	9,575,000	0.0189	425,000

ITEM 13.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTION, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

Please see Note 16 to the Company's audited financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report for a description of transactions with related parties during 2018 and 2017.  

Director Independence

John S. Caldwell is considered "independent” within the meaning of Rule 5605 of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.

ITEM 14.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.

Liggett & Webb, P.A., served as our independent registered public accounting firm for 2018 and 2017. The following table shows the fees that were billed for the audit and other services provided by such firm for 2018 and 2017.

	2018		2017
Audit Fees	$	39,000	$	39,000
Audit-Related Fees		—		—
Tax Fees		—		—
All Other Fees		—		—
Total	$	39,000	$	39,000

Audit Fees — This category includes the audit of our annual financial statements, review of financial statements included in our Form 10-Q Quarterly Reports and services that are normally provided by the independent auditors in connection with engagements for those fiscal years. This category also includes advice on audit and accounting matters that arose during, or as a result of, the audit or the review of interim financial statements.

Audit-Related Fees — This category consists of assurance and related services by the independent auditors that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported above under “Audit Fees.” The services for the fees disclosed under this category include consultation regarding our correspondence with the SEC and other accounting consulting.

Tax Fees — This category consists of professional services rendered by our independent auditors for tax compliance and tax advice. The services for the fees disclosed under this category include tax return preparation and technical tax advice.

All Other Fees — This category consists of fees for other miscellaneous items.

Our Board of Directors has adopted a procedure for pre-approval of all fees charged by our independent auditors. Under the procedure, the Board approves the engagement letter with respect to audit, tax and review services. Other fees are subject to pre-approval by the Board, or, in the period between meetings, by a designated member of Board. Any such approval by the designated member is disclosed to the entire Board at the next meeting. The audit and tax fees paid to the auditors with respect to 2018 were pre-approved by the entire Board of Directors.

22

PART IV

ITEM 15.

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

The following documents are filed as a part of this report or are incorporated by reference to previous filings, if so indicated:

		Incorporated by Reference			Filed
No.	Exhibit Description	Form	Date Filed	Exhibit Number	or Furnished Herewith
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated July 24, 1996	10-SB	7/30/96	3.1
3.2	Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated December 13, 1996	8-K	1/9/97	3.(I)
3.3	Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated February 3, 1998	8-K/A	2/12/98	3.1
3.4	Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated March 5, 2009	8-K	3/16/09	3.4
3.5	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation dated July 7, 2011	10-Q	8/15/11	3.4
3.6	Bylaws	10-SB	7/30/96	3.2
4.1	Form of common stock certificate	8-K	12/6/01	4.1
4.2	Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant to be issued to Catalyst Global LLC	10-Q	9/30/14	4.5
4.3	Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant to be issued to Rainerio Reyes	10-Q	5/13/16	4.6
10.1	2000 Non-Employee Directors’ Plan	10-KSB/A	12/31/00	10.21
10.2	Agreement between T/F Systems, Inc. and T/F Purifiner, Inc. dated March 1, 1991	10-SB	7/30/96	10.2
10.3	Asset Purchase Agreement between T/F Systems, Inc. and T/F Purifiner, Inc. dated December 31, 1995	10-SB	7/30/96	10.3
10.4	Master Distributor Agreement dated February 18, 2008 by and between Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and Filter Solutions Ltd.	S-1	11/05/08	10.8
10.5	Employment Agreement dated July 3, 2000 between Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and Kevin Kroger, as amended	S-1	11/05/08	10.9
10.6	Standby Commitment Agreement Amendment No. 16 dated March 5, 2014	10-K	12/31/13	10.10
10.7	Consulting Agreement dated October 20, 2009 between Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and Boxwood Associates, Inc.	10-K	12/31/10	10.11
10.8	2010 Stock Option Plan	8-K	8/5/10	10.13
10.9	Lease between Puradyn Filter Technologies, Inc. and Duke PBC At Quantum I-9, LLC	10-Q	9/30/12	10.13
10.10	Standby Commitment Agreement Amendment No. 17 dated March 19, 2015	10-K	12/31/14	10.16
10.11	Standby Commitment Agreement Amendment No. 18 dated March 20, 2016	10-K	12/31/15	10.17
10.12	Promissory Note dated January 6, 2016 with Dominick A. Telesco	10-K	12/31/15	10.18
10.13	Advisory Agreement dated March 7, 2016 by and between Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and Rainerio Reyes	10-K	12/31/15	10.19
10.14	Debt Conversion Agreement with Joe Vittoria dated November 11, 2016	10-Q	9/30/16	10.20
10.15	Promissory Note Forgiveness Agreement dated February 9, 2017	10-K	12/31/16	10.17

23

10.16	Amendment dated November 17, 2017 to Employment Agreement dated July 3, 2000 between Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and Kevin Kroger	10-Q	9/30/17	10.2
10.17	Standby Commitment Agreement Amendment No. 19 dated November 16, 2017	10-Q	9/30/17	10.1
10.18	Promissory Note Forgiveness Agreement dated December 1, 2017	10-K	12/31/17	10.18
10.19	Distributor Agreement Amendment No. 2 dated February 28, 2018 by and between Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and DNOW L.P.	10-K	12/31/17	10.19
10.20	Promissory Note dated November 17, 2017 with Dominick A. Telesco	10-K	12/31/17	10.20
10.21	Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated 2018 Equity Compensation Plan	8-K	4/16/18	10.1
10.22	Standby Commitment Agreement Amendment No. 20 dated May 9, 2018	10-Q	5/15/18	10.2
10.23	Letter agreement dated May 18, 2018 by and between Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and Edward S. Vittoria	8-K	5/21/18	10.1
10.24	Lease agreement between Puradyn and Duke Realty	10-Q	8/9/18	10.2
10.25	Promissory Noted dated November 16, 2018 with Dominick A. Telesco				Filed
10.26	Promissory Note Forgiveness Agreement dated January 9, 2019				Filed
10.27	Note Exchange Agreement dated March 25, 2019 by and between Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and Joseph V. Vittoria				Filed
10.28	Senior Secured Promissory Note dated March 25, 2019 to Joseph V. Vittoria				Filed
10.29	Security Agreement dated March 25, 2019				Filed
10.30	Amendment No. 1 to the 2018 Equity Compensation Plan				Filed
14.1	Business Ethics and Conflicts of Interest Statement	10-K	12/31/03	14.1
23.1	Consent of Liggett & Webb, P.A.				Filed
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of Chief Executive Officer				Filed
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of principal financial and accounting officer				Filed
32.1	Section 1350 certification of Chief Executive Officer and principal financial and accounting officer				Filed
32.2	Section 1350 certification of principal financial and accounting officer
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document				Filed
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document				Filed
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document				Filed
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document				Filed
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document				Filed
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document				Filed

24

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated (Registrant)
By:	/s/ Edward S. Vittoria
	Chief Executive Officer
	Date:  March 25, 2019

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date:

March 25, 2019

/s/ Edward S. Vittoria

Edward S. Vittoria

Chief Executive Officer and Director

principal executive officer

/s/ Joseph V. Vittoria

Joseph V. Vittoria

Executive Chairman of the Board, principal executive officer

/s/ Martin Scott

Martin Scott, CFO Consultant, principal financial and accounting officer

/s/ Kevin G. Kroger

Kevin G. Kroger, President and Chief Operating Officer and Director

/s/ John S. Caldwell

John S. Caldwell, Director

25

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of:

Puradyn Filter Technologies, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Puradyn Filter Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ deficit and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes.  In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has experienced net losses since inception and negative cash flows from operations and has relied on loans from related parties to fund its operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.  Management’s plans in regard to these matters are described in Note 2.  The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits.  We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.  

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB.  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal controls over financial reporting.  Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks.  Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.  Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Liggett & Webb, P.A.

LIGGETT & WEBB, P.A.

Certified Public Accountants

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2006

Boynton Beach, Florida

March 25, 2019

F-1

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

BALANCE SHEETS

	December 31,
	2018			2017
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	112,769		$	54,438
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for uncollectible accounts of $17,000 and $17,000, respectively		293,994			270,896
Inventories, net		834,708			400,764
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		66,290			69,355
Total current assets		1,307,761			795,453
Property and equipment, net		78,642			45,327
Other noncurrent assets		483,974			532,540
Total assets	$	1,870,377		$	1,373,320
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	416,790		$	186,696
Accrued liabilities		605,357			362,804
Sales incentives		—			99,128
Capital lease obligation		—			3,443
Deferred compensation		1,564,253			1,626,003
Notes Payable – stockholders		325,000			7,988,349
Total Current Liabilities		2,911,400			10,266,423
Notes Payable – stockholders		7,989,622			—
Total Liabilities		10,901,022			10,266,423
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders’ deficit:
Preferred stock, $.001 par value:
Authorized shares – 500,000;
None issued and outstanding		—			—
Common stock, $.001 par value,
Authorized shares – 100,000,000;
Issued and outstanding 69,016,468 and 69,016,468, respectively		69,016			69,016
Additional paid-in capital		53,678,000			53,599,160
Accumulated deficit		(62,777,661	)		(62,561,279	)
Total stockholders’ deficit		(9,030,645	)		(8,893,103	)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	1,870,377		$	1,373,320

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

F-2

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Net sales	$	4,203,556		$	2,250,141
Cost of products sold		2,463,208			1,758,974
Gross Profit		1,740,348			491,167
Costs and expenses:
Salaries and wages		897,507			855,131
Selling and administrative		626,106			592,614
Loss on impairment of patents		105,665			—
Total operating costs		1,629,278			1,447,745
Income  / (Loss) from operations		111,070			(956,578	)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(327,452	)		(273,516	)
Total other expense, net		(327,452	)		(273,516	)
Net loss before income tax expense		(216,382	)		(1,230,094	)
Provision for income taxes		—			—
Net loss	$	(216,382	)	$	(1,230,094	)
Basic and diluted loss per common share	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.02	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic and diluted		69,016,468			69,016,468

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

F-3

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(216,382	)	$	(1,230,094	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		47,947			34,373
Gain on sale of fixed assets		(1,244	)		2,248
Provision for slow moving inventory		13,611			139,033
Compensation expense on stock-based arrangements with employees and consultants		52,590			41,752
Impairment of capitalized patent costs		105,665			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(23,098	)		(10,725	)
Inventories		(447,555	)		142,312
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,065			(13,908	)
Other assets		850			—
Sales incentives		(99,128	)		99,128
Accounts payable		230,094			39,108
Deferred compensation		(61,750	)		23,177
Accrued liabilities		208,113			30,559
Net cash used in operating activities		(187,222	)		(703,037	)
Investing activities
Capitalized patent costs		(81,268	)		(76,731	)
Proceeds from sale of equipment		5,000			3,000
Purchases of equipment		(26,009	)		(27,845	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(102,277	)		(101,576	)
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to stockholders		601,273			875,000
Repayment of note payable to stockholder		(250,000	)		(50,000	)
Proceeds from stockholder loan		—			25,000
Payment of capital lease obligations		(3,443	)		(3,755	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		347,830			846,245
Net increase in cash		58,331			41,632
Cash at beginning of period		54,438			12,806
Cash at end of period	$	112,769		$	54,438
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	109,167		$	238,595
Cash paid for taxes	$	—		$	—
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Forgiveness of stockholder loan and accrued interest	$	26,250		$	56,644
Addition to leasehold improvement as lease incentive	$	35,690		$	—

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

F-4

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

									Additional					Total
	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Deficit
Balance at December 31, 2016		—	$	—		69,016,468	$	69,016	$	53,504,744	$	(61,331,185	)	$	(7,757,425	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(1,230,094	)		(1,230,094	)
Forgiveness of note payable and accrued interest – related party		—		—		—		—		52,664		—			52,664
Compensation expense associated with unvested option awards		—		—		—		—		41,752		—			41,752
Balance at December 31, 2017		—		—		69,016,468		69,016		53,599,160		(62,561,279	)		(8,893,103	)
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—		(216,382	)		(216,382	)
Forgiveness of note payable and accrued interest – related party		—		—		—		—		26,250		—			26,250
Compensation expense associated with unvested option awards		—		—		—		—		52,590		—			52,590
Balance at December 31, 2018		—	$	—		69,016,468	$	69,016	$	53,678,000	$	(62,777,661	)	$	(9,030,645	)

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

F-5

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

1. Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, is engaged in the manufacturing, distribution and sale of bypass oil filtration systems under the trademark Puradyn^® primarily to companies within targeted industries. The Company holds the exclusive worldwide manufacturing and marketing rights for the Puradyn through direct ownership of various other patents.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from product sales to customers, distributors and resellers when products that do not require further services or installation by the Company are shipped, when there are no uncertainties surrounding customer acceptance and when collectability is reasonably assured. Cash received by the Company prior to shipment is recorded as deferred revenue. Sales are made to customers under terms allowing certain limited rights of return and other limited product and performance warranties for which provision has been made in the accompanying financial statements.

Amounts billed to customers in sales transactions related to shipping and handling, represent revenues earned for the goods provided and are included in net sales. Costs of shipping and handling are included in cost of products sold.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Topic 606 which was adopted at the beginning of fiscal year 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The Company did not recognize any cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption as the effect was immaterial. The adoption of these standards did not have a material impact on the Company's statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Included in those estimates are assumptions about allowances for inventory obsolescence, useful life of fixed assets, warranty reserves and bad-debt reserves, valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset, life of intangible assets, impairment of intangible assets and the assumptions used in Black-Scholes valuation models related to stock options and warrants.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any cash equivalents.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and notes payable to stockholder approximate their fair values as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, because of their short-term natures.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at fair value on the date revenue is recognized. The Company provides allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to repay their obligation. If the financial condition of the Company's customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to repay, additional allowances may be required. The Company provides for potential uncollectible accounts receivable based on specific customer identification and historical collection experience adjusted for existing market conditions. If market conditions decline, actual collection experience may not meet expectations and may result in decreased cash flows and increased bad debt expense. The policy for determining past due status is based on the contractual payment terms of each customer, which are generally net 30 or net 60 days. Once collection efforts by the Company and its collection agency are exhausted, the determination for charging off uncollectible receivables is made.

F-6

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first in, first out (FIFO) method. Net realizable value is defined as sales price less cost of completion, disposable and transportation and a normal profit margin. Production costs, consisting of labor and overhead, are applied to ending finished goods inventories at a rate based on estimated production capacity. Excess production costs are charged to cost of products sold. Provisions have been made to reduce excess or obsolete inventories to their net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, except for assets held under capital leases, for which the Company records depreciation and amortization based on the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the term of the lease. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment range from 3 to 5 years. Upon sale or retirement, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are eliminated from their respective accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations. Repairs and maintenance charges, which do not increase the useful lives of the assets, are charged to operations as incurred.

Patents

Patents are stated at cost. Amortization is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the patents. The estimated useful lives of patents are approximately 20 years. Upon retirement, the cost and related accumulated amortization are eliminated from their respective accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Management assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets when indicators of impairment are present. If such indicators are present, recoverability of these assets is determined by comparing the undiscounted net cash flows estimated to result from those assets over the remaining life to the assets’ net carrying amounts. If the estimated undiscounted net cash flows are less than the net carrying amount, the assets would be adjusted to their fair value, based on appraisal or the present value of the undiscounted net cash flows.

Sales Incentives and Consideration Paid to Customers

The Company accounts for certain promotional costs such as sales incentives and cooperative advertising as a reduction of sales.

Product Warranty Costs

As required by FASB ASC 460, Guarantees, the Company is including the following disclosure applicable to its product warranties.

The Company accrues for warranty costs based on the expected material and labor costs to provide warranty replacement products. The methodology used in determining the liability for warranty cost is based upon historical information and experience. The Company's warranty reserve is calculated as the gross sales multiplied by the historical warranty expense return rate.

F-7

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

The following table shows the changes in the aggregate product warranty liability for the year ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively:

	2018		2017
Balance as of beginning of year	$	20,000	$	20,000
Less: Payments made		—		—
Add: Provision for current years warranty		—		—
Balance as of end of year	$	20,000	$	20,000

Advertising Costs

Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, advertising costs incurred by the Company totaled approximately $28,613 and $1,251, respectively, and are included in selling and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.

Engineering and Development

Engineering and development costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, engineering and development costs incurred by the Company totaled $5,866 and $6,981, respectively, and are included in selling and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

Stock Option Plans

We adopted FASB ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, effective January 1, 2006 using the modified prospective application method of adoption which requires us to record compensation cost related to unvested stock awards as of December 31, 2005 by recognizing the amortized grant date fair value in accordance with provisions of FASB ASC 718 on straight line basis over the service periods of each award. We have estimated forfeiture rates based on our historical experience. Stock option compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 has been recognized as a component of cost of goods sold and general and administrative expenses in the accompanying financial statements.

In 2018 and 2017, respectively, 10,980,000 and 5,000 options were granted at fair market value on the date of grant pursuant to the Stock Option Plan.

The Company leases its employees from a payroll leasing company. The Company’s leased employees meet the definition of employees as specified by FIN 44 for purposes of applying FASB ASC 718.

Stock options and warrants issued to consultants and other non-employees as compensation for services provided to the Company are accounted for based on the fair value of the services provided or the estimated fair market value of the option or warrant, whichever is more reliably measurable in accordance with FASB ASC 505, Equity, and FASB ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, including related amendments and interpretations. The related expense is recognized over the period the services are provided.

F-8

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

Credit Risk

The Company minimizes the concentration of credit risk associated with its cash by maintaining its cash with high quality federally insured financial institutions. However, cash balances in excess of the FDIC insured limit of $250,000 are at risk. At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, the Company did not have cash balances above the FDIC insured limit. The Company performs ongoing evaluations of its significant trade accounts receivable customers and generally does not require collateral. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained against trade accounts receivable at levels which management believes is sufficient to cover probable credit losses. The Company also has some customer concentrations, and the loss of business from one or a combination of these significant customers, or an unexpected deterioration in their financial condition, could adversely affect the Company’s operations.  Please refer to Note 18 for further details.

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

FASB ASC 260, Earnings per Share, requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. However, because of the Company’s net losses, the effects of stock options and warrants would be anti-dilutive and, accordingly, are excluded from the computation of earnings per share. The number of such shares excluded from the computations of diluted loss per share totaled 12,518,336 in 2018, and 4,170,162 in 2017.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which will amend current lease accounting to require lessees to recognize (i) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis, and (ii) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 does not significantly change lease accounting requirements applicable to lessors; however, certain changes were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model. This standard was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this ASU and finalizing the impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

The adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have a significant impact on our balance sheet as we will record material assets and obligations primarily related to our corporate office and equipment leases. We expect to record operating lease liabilities of approximately $960,000 based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments using discount rates as of the effective date. We expect to record corresponding right-of-use assets of approximately $890,000, based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepaid and deferred rent, unamortized initial direct costs, liabilities associated with lease termination costs and impairment of right-of-use assets recognized in retained earnings as of January 1, 2019. We do not expect a material impact on our statement of income or our statement of cash flows.

All other newly issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective have been deemed either immaterial or not applicable.

2. Going Concern

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared on the basis that it will operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred net losses each year since inception, negative cash flows, and has relied on loans from its principal stockholder to fund its operations. The principal stockholder has recently advised the Company that he does not expect to continue to provide working capital advances to the Company at historic levels. If the Company does not raise funds as needed, or if the principal stockholder should discontinue his practice of advancing funds, the Company’s existing business and operations will be in jeopardy.

F-9

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

These recurring operating losses, liabilities exceeding assets and the reliance on cash inflows from a current stockholder have led the Company’s management to conclude there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

3. Inventories

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 inventories consisted of the following:

	2018			2017
Raw materials	$	1,053,147		$	901,600
Finished goods		257,623			125,932
Work in process		—			16,848
Valuation allowance		(476,062	)		(643,616	)
Total inventory, net	$	834,708		$	400,764

4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

	2018		2017
Prepaid expenses	$	27,854	$	26,648
Deposits		38,436		42,707
	$	66,290	$	69,355

5. Property and Equipment

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:

	2018			2017
Machinery and equipment	$	1,030,196		$	1,045,217
Furniture and fixtures		56,558			56,558
Leasehold improvements		188,012			152,322
Software and website development		88,842			88,842
Computer hardware and software		179,258			153,249
		1,542,866			1,496,188
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(1,464,224	)		(1,450,861	)
	$	78,642		$	45,327

Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is $24,628 and $19,775, respectively, of which $5,841 and $4,529 is included in cost of products sold, $18,787 and $15,246 is included in selling and administrative costs, respectively, in the accompanying statements of operations. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 the Company recognized a loss / (gain) of ($1,244) and $2,248 on the disposal of fixed assets, respectively.

6. Patents

Included in other noncurrent assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are capitalized patent costs as follows:

	2018		2017
Patent costs	$	533,496	$	558,873
Less accumulated amortization		(84,429)		(62,153	)
	$	449,067	$	496,720

F-10

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $23,319 and $14,598, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded an expense of $105,665 and $0 for the impairment of patents it determined had no future economic value.

7. Leases

The Company leases its office and warehouse facilities in Boynton Beach, Florida under a long-term non-cancellable lease agreement, which contains renewal options and rent escalation clauses. As of December 31, 2018, a security deposit of $34,970 is included in noncurrent assets in the accompanying balance sheet. On September 27, 2012 the Company entered into a non-cancellable six-year lease agreement for the same facilities commencing August 1, 2013 and expiring July 31, 2019. The total minimum lease payments over the term of the current lease amount to $180,826.

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a non-cancellable five-year lease for the same facilities commencing August 1, 2019 and expiring July 31, 2024. The lease will require an initial rent of $14,899 per month, beginning August 1, 2019 for the first year, increasing by 3% per year to $16,769 per month in the fifth year. In addition, the Company is responsible for all operating expenses and utilities. As part of the lease the landlord agreed to reimburse the Company $58,000 towards the replacement of air conditioning units, upon written request. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had received all of the reimbursement.

Rent expense under all operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 totaled $278,578 and $278,880, respectively, of which $221,113 and $212,454 is included in cost of products sold and $57,465 and $66,346 is included in selling and administrative costs, respectively, in the accompanying statements of operations.

In January 2015 the Company entered into a capital lease for office equipment in the amount of $15,020, which expired in December 2018. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the balance under capital lease obligations was $0 and $3,443, respectively.  

In September 2018, the Company entered into a new capital lease for office equipment in the amount of $599, which commenced in December 2018 for a term of 48 months.

Future minimum lease commitments due for facilities and equipment leases under non-cancellable operating leases at December 31, 2018 are as follows:

	Operating Leases
2019	$	179,255
2020		188,196
2021		193,627
2022		197,427
2023		197,807
2024		117,383
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,073,695

8. Accrued Liabilities

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accrued liabilities consisted of the following:

	2017		2017
Accrued wages and benefits	$	52,753	$	69,025
Accrued expenses relating to vendors and others		128,114		136,681
Accrued warranty costs		20,000		20,000
Accrued interest payable relating to stockholder notes		329,801		115,039
Deferred rent		74,689		22,059
	$	605,357	$	362,804

F-11

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

9. Deferred Compensation

Deferred compensation represents amounts owed to two current employees and two former employees for salary. As there is no written agreement with these employees which memorializes the terms of salary deferral, only a voluntary election to do so, it is possible that the employees could demand payment in full at any time. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 the Company recorded deferred compensation of $1,564,253 and $1,626,003, respectively.

10.

Sales Incentives

The Company entered into an exclusive distribution agreement for the worldwide rights to sell its product in the oil and gas industry effective September 7, 2017. The agreement included an incentive program that rewarded credits toward future product redeemable only if targeted quarterly goals are achieved. The incentive-earning period ended on June 30, 2018, and no incentives were earned. The exclusivity agreement continues at a minimum through the end of 2018.

11. Notes Payable to Stockholders and Capital Leases

On March 28, 2002 the Company executed a binding agreement with one of its principal stockholders, who is also the former Chief Executive Officer, now Executive Chairman of the Board, to fund up to $6.1 million. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company can draw amounts as needed to fund operations. Amounts drawn bear interest at the BBA LIBOR Daily Floating Rate plus 1.4 percentage points (3.88% and 3.62% per annum at December 31, 2018 and 2017 respectively), payable monthly and were to become due and payable on December 31, 2005 or upon a change in control of the Company or the consummation of any other financing over $7.0 million. Beginning in March 2006, annually, through February 2012, the maturity date for the agreement was extended annually from December 31, 2007, to December 31, 2018. On May 9, 2018 he extended the maturity rate to December 31, 2019. In March 2019, the Company entered into a note exchange agreement with him whereby he agreed to extend the due date of these obligations to December 31, 2021 and granted him a first position security interest in our assets (Refer to Note 18).

During the year ended December 31, 2018 we borrowed an additional $26,273 from our Executive Chairman, together with $325,000 under a demand note not covered by this line of credit. This demand note bears interest at 4% per annum. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 we owed him an aggregate of $8,314,622 and $7,988,349, respectively, which represented approximately 76% and 78% of our total liabilities, respectively. While he has continued to fund our working capital needs at reduced levels and extend the due date of the obligation for an additional year, he is under no contractual obligation to do so. During 2017 he advised us he does not expect to continue to provide working capital advances to us at historic amounts. If we are unable to meet our obligation to our Executive Chairman prior to maturity, he has advised us that he may forgive all, or substantially all, of this obligation.

From April 1, 2018 through May 15, 2018, the Company received additional loans in the amount of $250,000 from a related party to both the Company’s Executive Chairman and its Chief Executive Officer, as advances for working capital needs. The amounts are non-interest bearing and are payable upon demand. On July 15, 2018, $250,000 was repaid.

In November 2017, the Company received an additional loan in the amount of $25,000 from a stockholder and former member of the Board of Directors. The loan bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum and is due December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 16. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded interest expense of $1,092. On November 16, 2018, the former member of the Board of Directors forgave the loan and the accrued interest amounting to $26,250 and recorded the amount as a capital contribution.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company incurred interest expense of $324,087 and $271,311, respectively, on its loans from the executive chairman, which is included in interest expense in the accompanying statements of operations. Also included in interest expense at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $3,365 and $2,205 of interest related to capital lease obligations, financing, late fees and loans from a stockholder.

F-12

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

Notes payable and capital leases consisted of the following at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

	2018			2017
Notes payable to stockholders	$	8,314,622		$	7,988,349
Capital lease obligation		—			3,443
		8,314,622			7,991,792
Less: current maturities		(325,000	)		(7,991,792	)
Long-term maturities	$	7,989,622		$	—

Maturities of Long-Term Obligations for Five Years and Beyond

The minimum annual principal payments of notes payable and operating leases obligations at December 31, 2018 were:

	Operating		Notes
	Leases		Payable		Total
2019	$	179,255	$	325,000	$	504,255
2020		188,196		—		188,196
2021		193,627		7,989,622		8,183,249
2022		197,427		—		197,427
2023		197,807		—		197,807
2024		117,383		—		117,383
Total	$	1,073,695	$	8,314,622	$	9,388,317

12. Income Taxes

2017 U.S. Tax Reform

The Jobs act significantly revised the U.S. Corporate income tax by lowering the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.

The significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets are as follows for the years ended December 31:

	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	12,291,278		$	12,207,686
Accrued expenses and reserves		129,745			172,212
Compensatory stock options and warrants		179,275			165,946
Other		1,252			1,252
Total deferred tax assets		12,601,550			12,547,096
Valuation allowance		(12,601,550	)		(12,547,096	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	—		$	—

FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. After consideration of all the evidence, both positive and negative, management has determined that a full valuation allowance of $12,601,550 and $12,547,096 against its net deferred taxes is necessary as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The change in valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is $54,454 and $4,322,819, respectively.

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, the Company had $48,495,866 and $48,166,052, respectively, of U.S. net operating loss carryforwards remaining.

F-13

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

As a result of certain ownership changes, the Company may be subject to an annual limitation on the utilization of its U.S. net operating loss carryforwards pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. A study to determine the effect, if any, of this change, has not been undertaken.

Tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, and 2014 are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

A reconciliation of the Company’s income taxes to amounts calculated at the federal statutory rate is as follows for the years ended December 31:

	2018			2017
Federal statutory taxes		(21.00	)%		(34.00	)%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit		(4.35	)%		(3.63	)
Nondeductible items		0.00			0.00
Change in tax rate estimates		—			389.49
Change in valuation allowance		25.35	%		(351.86	)
		—	%		—	%

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Agreements

On May 18, 2018 we entered into a letter agreement with Mr. Edward S. Vittoria pursuant to which he agreed to be employed by us as our Chief Executive Officer for an initial term ending May 31, 2019, which such term may be extended by mutual agreement upon terms and conditions to be mutually agreed upon prior to the expiration of such initial term.  Under the terms of the letter agreement we agreed to pay him: (i) an annual base salary of $200,000, payable in accordance with our normal payroll practices; (ii) an annual cash bonus to be awarded by our Board of Directors in January in a minimum amount of $50,000; and (iii) granted him options to purchase 6,500,000 shares of our common stock, vesting one-third in arrears, at an exercise price equal to fair market value on the date of grant pursuant to the terms and conditions of our 2018 Equity Compensation Plan.  He is also entitled to: (i) participate in all of our benefit programs currently existing or hereafter made available to executive and/or salaried; (ii) an amount of annual paid vacation consistent with his position and length of service to us; and (iii) reimbursement for all reasonable, out of-pocket expenses incurred by him.

The Company entered into an exclusive distribution agreement for the worldwide rights to sell its product in the oil and gas industry effective September 7, 2017. The agreement included an incentive program that rewarded credits toward future product redeemable only if targeted quarterly goals are achieved. The incentive-earning period ended on June 30, 2018, and no incentives were earned. The exclusivity agreement continued at a minimum through the end of 2018. Refer to Note 10.

On September 27, 2012, the Company entered into a 72 month lease for its corporate offices and warehouse facility in Boynton Beach, Florida. The renewed lease commenced August 1, 2013 and requires an initial rent of $12,026 per month beginning in the second month for the first year, increasing in varying amounts to $13,941 per month in the sixth year. In addition, the Company is responsible for all operating expenses and utilities.

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a non-cancellable five-year lease for the same facilities commencing August 1, 2019 and expiring July 31, 2024. The lease will require an initial rent of $14,899 per month, beginning August 1, 2019 for the first year, increasing by 3% per year to $16,769 per month in the fifth year. In addition, the Company is responsible for all operating expenses and utilities. As part of the lease the landlord agreed to reimburse the Company $58,000 towards the replacement of air conditioning units, upon written request. As of December 31, 2018 the Company had received all of the reimbursement

F-14

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

On October 20, 2009, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Boxwood Associates, Inc., whereby the Company pays $2,000 monthly for management and strategic development services performed. The contract will remain in effect until terminated by either party providing 30 days written notice. Mr. Telesco, a former member of our board of directors and a significant stockholder, is President of Boxwood Associates, Inc. Refer to Note 16.

14. Stock Options

The Company has four stock option plans, one adopted in September 1999 and amended in June 2000 (the “1999 Option Plan”, which expired in 2009), one adopted on November 8, 2000 (the “Directors’ Plan”), one adopted in July 2010 (the “2010 Option Plan”), and one adopted in April 2018. The 1999 Option Plan provided for the granting of up to 3,000,000 options; the Directors’ Plan provides for the granting of up to 400,000 options; the 2010 Option Plan provides for the granting of 4,000,000 options, and the 2018 Option Plan provides for the granting of 10,000,000 options.

On April 12, 2018 the Board of Directors approved the adoption of a 2018 Equity Compensation Plan. The Company has reserved 10,000,000 shares of our common stock for grants under this plan.

The 2018 Plan provides for the granting of both incentive and non-qualified stock options to key personnel, including officers, directors, consultants and advisors to the Company, at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Each plan limits the exercise price of the options at no less than the quoted market price of the common stock on the date of grant. The option term is determined by the Board of the Directors, provided that no option may be exercisable more than 10 years after the date of its grant and, in the case of an incentive option granted to an eligible employee owning more than 10% of the Company’s common stock, no more than five years after the date of the grant. Generally, under both plans, options to employees vest over three years at 33.33% per annum unless the Board of Directors designates a different vesting schedule.

On June 24, 2014, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-8 with the Securities and Exchange Commission amending the shares of Common Stock included within its 2010 Stock Option from 2,000,000 shares to 4,000,000 shares.

The 2010 Plan provides for the granting of both incentive and non-qualified stock options to key personnel, including officers, directors, consultants and advisors to the Company, at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Each plan limits the exercise price of the options at no less than the quoted market price of the common stock on the date of grant. The option term is determined by the Board of the Directors, provided that no option may be exercisable more than 10 years after the date of its grant and, in the case of an Incentive Option granted to an eligible employee owning more than 10% of the Company’s common stock, no more than five years after the date of the grant. Generally, under both plans, options to employees vest over four years at 25% per annum, except for certain grants to employees that vest 25% upon grant with remaining amounts over two years at 50% and 25% per annum, respectively.

The Directors’ Plan provides for the granting of non-qualified options to members of the Board of Directors at exercise prices not less than the quoted market price of the common stock on the date of grant and options expire five years from the date of grant. In the event a person ceases to serve on the Board of Directors, the outstanding options expire one year from the date of cessation of service. Such options may be exercised commencing two years from the date of grant.

On April 12, 2018, the Company granted employees and directors options to purchase 4,475,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at exercise prices ranging from $0.0189 to $0.208 per share. The options vest over a three-year period and expire April 12, 2028. The fair value of the options totaled $69,989 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: i) risk free interest rate of 2.64%, ii) expected life of 5 years, iii) dividend yield of 0%, iv) expected volatility of 217%. On April 30, 2018 our Executive Chairman and former CEO voluntarily cancelled the grant on April 12, 2018 of options awarded him to purchase an aggregate of 1,400,000 shares of the common stock.

On May 18, 2018, the Company, upon recommendation and approval by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors, granted its new Chief Executive Officer, options to purchase 6,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.017 per share. The options vest over a three-year period and expire May 18, 2028. The fair value of the options totaled $101,437 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: i) risk free interest rate of 2.64%; ii) expected life of 5 years; iii) dividend yield of 0%; iv) expected volatility of 217%.

F-15

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

On August 24, 2018, the Company granted one director options to purchase 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.045 per share. The options vest over a two year period and expire August 25, 2023. The quoted market price of the common stock at the time of issuance of the options was $0.045 per share. The fair value of the options totaled $223 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: i) risk free interest rate of 2.70%, ii) expected life of 5 years, iii) dividend yield of 0%, iv) expected volatility of 188%.

At December 31, 2018 there was $128,059 of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based payments, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4 years. At December 31, 2017 there was $10,450 of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based payments, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4 years.

The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock for those awards that have an exercise price currently below the closing price. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had options outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 11,785,000 and 3,180,000 shares respectively, with an exercise price above the quoted price of the Company’s stock, resulting in an  intrinsic value $285 and $0, respectively.

Additional information concerning the activity in the four option plans is as follows:

	2018						2017
	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of year		3,180,000		$	0.20.			3,365,500		$	0.20
Granted		10,980,000			0.02			5,000			0.03
Exercised		—			—			—			—
Forfeited		(1,408,334	)		(0.02	)		(36,667	)		(0.14	)
Expired		(966,666	)		(0.10	)		(153,833	)		(0.22	)
Outstanding, end of year		11,785,000			0.05			3,180,000		$	0.20
Exercisable, end of year		2,190,000			0.19			2,909,160		$	0.20
Options available for future grant, end of year		2,463,336						1,245,500

Additional information concerning the unvested options is as follows:

	2018						2017
	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Non-Vested options at beginning of year		270,840		$	0.15			560,840		$	0.17
Granted		10,980,000			0.02			5,000			0.03
Vested		(247,506	)		(0.16	)		(258,333	)		(0.16	)
Forfeited		(1,408,334	)		(0.10	)		(36,667	)		(0.14	)
Cancelled		—			—			—			—
Non-Vested options end of year		9,595,000		$	0.02			270,840		$	0.15

Summarized information with respect to options outstanding under the four option plans at December 31, 2018 is as follows:

	Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Price	Number Outstanding	Remaining Average Contractual Life (In Years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Number Exercisable	Weighted Average Exercise Price
$0.017 -$.0280	11,785,000	8.30	$0.050	2,190,000	$0.192

F-16

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

The estimated fair value of each stock option grant on the date of grant was computed using the following weighted-average assumptions:

	December 31,
	2018		2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.64% - 2.70	%	1.54	%
Expected term (life) of options (in years)	5		5
Expected dividends	—		—
Expected volatility	188% - 217	%	210	%

15. Warrants

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, 773,336 and 990,162 shares, respectively, of common stock have been reserved for issuance under outstanding warrants. All of the warrants are fully vested and began expiring on March 24, 2013 with the remaining warrants expiring at various dates through October 1, 2019. Information concerning the Company’s warrant activity is as follows:

	2018						2017
	Warrants			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Warrants			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, at the beginning of year		990,162		$	0.20			1,315,340		$	0.24
Granted		—			—			—			—
Exercised		—			—			—			—
Expired		(216,826	)		(0.35	)		(325,178	)		(0.35	)
Outstanding, at the end of year		773,336		$	0.16			990,162		$	0.20

	Warrants Outstanding – December 31, 2018
Range of Exercise Price	Number Outstanding		Remaining Average Contractual Life (In Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price
$0.05 - $0.25		773,336		1.4	$	0.16
Totals		773,336		1.4	$	0.16

16. Related Party Transactions

Beginning on March 28, 2002, the Company executed a binding agreement with one of its principal stockholders, who is also the former Chief Executive Officer, now Executive Chairman of the Board, to fund up to $6.1 million. Under the terms of the agreements, the Company can draw amounts as needed to fund operations. Amounts drawn bear interest at the BBA LIBOR Daily Floating Rate plus 1.4 percentage points (3.88% and 3.62% per annum at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively), payable monthly and were to become due and payable on December 31, 2005 or upon a change in control of the Company or consummation of any other financing over $7.0 million. Beginning in March 2006, annually, through February 2012, the maturity date for the agreement was extended annually from December 31, 2007, to December 31, 2018. On May 9, 2018, our Executive Chairman extended the due date of the funding commitment to December 31, 2019 (Refer to Note 11).In March 2019, the Company entered into a note exchange agreement with him whereby he agreed to extend the due date of these obligations to December 31, 2021 and granted him a first position security interest in our assets. (Refer to Note 18.)

F-17

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we borrowed an additional $26,273 from our Executive Chairman, together with $325,000 under a demand note not covered by this line of credit. This demand note bears interest at 4% per annum. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 we owed him an aggregate of $8,314,622 and $7,988,349, respectively, which represented approximately 76% and 78% of our total liabilities, respectively. While he has continued to fund our working capital needs at reduced levels and extend the due date of the obligation for an additional year, he is under no contractual obligation to do so. During 2017 he advised us he does not expect to continue to provide working capital advances to us at historic amounts. If we are unable to meet our obligation to our Executive Chairman prior to maturity, he has advised us that he may forgive all, or substantially all, of this obligation.

From April 1, 2018 through May 15, 2018, the Company received additional loans in the amount of $250,000 from a related party to both the Company’s Executive Chairman and its Chief Executive Officer, as advances for working capital needs. The amounts are non-interest bearing and are payable upon demand. On July 15, 2018, $250,000 was repaid.

In November 2017, the Company received an additional loan in the amount of $25,000 from a stockholder and former member of the Board of Directors. The loan bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum and is due December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company recorded interest expense of $1,092. On November 16, 2018 the former member of the Board of Directors forgave the loan and the accrued interest amounting to $26,250 and recorded the amount as a capital contribution.

On April 12, 2018, the Company granted Officers and Directors options to purchase 2,050,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at exercise prices ranging from $0.0189 to $0.208 per share. The options vest over a three-year period and expire April 12, 2028. The fair value of the options totaled $36,806 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: i) risk free interest rate of 2.64%; ii) expected life of 5 years; iii) dividend yield of 0%; iv) expected volatility of 217%. On April 30, 2018 our Executive Chairman and former CEO voluntarily cancelled the grant on April 12, 2018 of options awarded him to purchase an aggregate of 1,400,000 shares of the common stock.

On May 18, 2018, Mr. Edward S. Vittoria was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and as a member of its Board of Directors. Immediately prior to such appointment, Mr. Joseph V. Vittoria resigned from his position as Chief Executive Officer and has been appointed Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors. Prior to his appointments, Mr. Edward Vittoria had been providing advisory services to us beginning in December 2017.

On May 18, 2018, the Company, upon recommendation and approval by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors, granted its new Chief Executive Officer options to purchase 6,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.017 per share. The options vest over a three-year period and expire May 18, 2028.

On August 24, 2018, the Company granted one director options to purchase 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.045 per share. The options vest over a two year period and expire August 25, 2023. The quoted market price of the common stock at the time of issuance of the options was $0.045 per share.

On October 20, 2009, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Boxwood Associates, Inc., whereby the Company pays $2,000 monthly for management and strategic development services performed. The contract remains in effect until terminated by either party providing 30 days written notice. During each of 2018 and 2017 we paid Boxwood Associates, Inc. $24,000 under this agreement. A former member of our board of directors is President of Boxwood Associates, Inc.

17. Major Customers

There are concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivables due to the amounts owed by one customer at December 31, 2018 whose balances each represented approximately 95%,of total accounts receivables. During the year ended December 31, 2018, sales from four customers represented 41%, 21%, 11% and 10% for a total of 83% of sales. During the year ended December 31, 2017, sales from three customers represented 36%, 16% and 12% for a total of 64% of sales. The loss of business from one or a combination of the Company’s significant customers, or an unexpected deterioration in their financial condition, could adversely affect the Company’s operations.

F-18

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

DECEMBER 31, 2018 AND 2017

18. Subsequent Events

From January 1, 2019 through March 25, 2019, the Company received additional loans in the amount of $275,000 from the Company’s Executive Chairman, as advances for working capital needs. The loans bear interest at the BBA Libor Daily Floating Rate plus 1.4 points.

In January 7, 2019, the Company received an additional loan in the amount of $25,000 from a stockholder and former member of the Board of Directors. The loan bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum and is due January 7, 2020.

On January 15, 2019 the Company entered into a $140,000 working capital line of credit which allowance for the Company to repay it at up to 90 days at an interest rate varying from 2.25% - 3.0%. As of March 25, 2019, the Company has drawn down a total of $137,356.

On March 25, 2019 we entered into a note exchange agreement with our Executive Chairman pursuant to which he exchanged $7,989,622 of principal and $395,510 of accrued interest which was due on December 31, 2019 under an unsecured loan for a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $8,385,132. The note, which matures on December 31, 2021, bears interest at 4% per annum, payable monthly, and is secured by a first position security interest in our assets.

F-19

EX-10.25

EXHIBIT 10.25

PROMISSORY NOTE

January 7, 2019	$25,000
Boynton Beach, Florida

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned, PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation (the “Maker”) having a business address at 2017 High Ridge Road, Boynton Beach, FL  33426, hereby promises to pay to the order of DOMINICK A. TELESCO, an individual (the “Payee” or “Holder”) having a business address at 150 Via Bellaria, Palm Beach, FL  33480, at the date of maturity set forth below, the principal amount of twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000), together with interest on the unpaid principal amount at the rate of 5% per annum,

1.

Payments of Interest and Principal.  All principal and accrued interest shall be due and payable on January 7, 2020 the ("Maturity Date").  Interest may be paid in cash or shares of the Maker's common stock at the option of the Maker.  Any such shares shall be valued at the fair market value of the Maker's common stock at the date of issuance.  All payments made hereunder shall be applied as made first to the payment of interest then due, and the balance of said payment shall be applied to the payment of the principal sum.

2.

Prepayment.  From and after the date hereof, Maker shall have the option to prepay all, but not in part, the principal balance, together with accrued interest on the principal amount, of this Note.  There is no prepayment penalty.  

3.

Default.  The occurrence of any of the following shall constitute an event of default (“Event of Default”):

a.

Failure to Pay.  Maker fails to pay, when due, any of the obligations provided for in this Note at their due date, within two (2) business days follow written notice from the Payee to the Maker of the failure to timely pay the Note;

b.

Failure to Perform.  Maker fails to perform or observe any material covenant, term or condition of this Note, and such failure continues unremedied for a period of ten (10) days after written or facsimile notice from Payee to Maker of such failure;

c.

Petition By or Against Maker.  There is filed by or against Maker any petition or complaint with respect to its own financial condition under any state or federal bankruptcy law or any amendment thereto (including, without limitation, a petition or reorganization, arrangement or extension of debts) or under any other similar or insolvency laws providing for the relief of debtors; or

d.

Appointment of Receiver.  If proceedings for the appointment of a receiver, trustee, liquidator or custodian of the Maker or of all or a substantial part of the property thereof, or an involuntary case or other proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief with respect to the Maker or the debts thereof under any bankruptcy insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect shall be commenced and an order for relief entered or such proceeding shall not be dismissed or discharged within sixty (60) days of commencement; or

4.

Remedies.  Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default and for so long as such default is continuing:

a.

The total amount of: (a) the principal amount of this Note and all accrued but unpaid interest thereon; and (b) interest on the foregoing sums, at the rate of one and one-half percent (1 ½%) per month, but not greater than the highest rate permitted by law, from said occurrence until paid in full (the “Default Amount”) shall, at the option of Payee, become immediately due and payable without notice or demand; and

b.

Payee may exercise any of the other remedies provided under applicable laws.

5.

Cumulative Remedies; Waivers.  No remedy referred to herein is intended to be exclusive, but each shall be cumulative and in addition to any other remedy referred to above or otherwise available to Payee at law or in equity.  No express or implied waiver by Payee of any default or Event of Default hereunder shall in any way be, or be construed to be, a waiver of any future or subsequent default or Event of Default.  The failure or delay of Payee in exercising any rights granted it hereunder under any occurrence of any of the contingencies set forth herein shall not constitute a waiver of any such right upon the continuation or recurrence of any such contingencies or similar contingencies, and any single or partial exercise of any particular right by Payee shall not exhaust the same or constitute a waiver of any other right provided herein.

6.

Costs and Expenses.  Maker shall be liable for all costs, charges and expenses incurred by Payee by reason of the occurrence of any Event of Default or the exercise of Payee’s remedies with respect thereto.

7.

Miscellaneous.  

a.

Waivers.  No waiver of any term or condition of this Note shall be construed to be a waiver of any succeeding breach of the same term or condition.  No failure or delay of Payee to exercise any power hereunder, or it insists upon strict compliance by Maker of any obligations hereunder, and no custom or other practice at variance with the terms hereof shall constitute a waiver of the right of Payee to demand exact compliance with such terms.

b.

Invalid Terms.  In the event any provision contained in this Note shall, for any reason, be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Note, and this Note shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.

c.

Successors.  This Note shall be binding upon Maker, its legal representatives, successors and assigns, and inure to the benefit of Payee, its legal representatives, successors and assigns.

d.

Controlling Law.  This Note shall be read, construed and governed in all respects in accordance with the laws of the State of Florida.

e.

Amendments.  This Note may be amended only by an instrument in writing and executed by the party against which enforcement of the amendment is sought.

2

8.

Notices.  All notices, request, demands and other communications required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be sufficiently given if address to the addresses set forth above and posted in the U.S. Mail by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested or by overnight mail, including appropriate receipts.  Any party may change said address by giving the other party hereto notice of such change of address.  Notice given as hereinabove prescribed shall be deemed given on the date of its deposit in the U.S. Mail or with the overnight delivery service.

9.

Headings.  All section and subsection headings herein, wherever they appear, are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of any terms herein.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Note to be executed by its duly authorized officer and its seal affixed hereto, as of the day and year first above written.

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
By:
	Edward S. Vittoria, Chief Executive Officer

3

EX-10.26

EXHIBIT 10.26

Dominick A. Telesco

150 Via Bellaria

Palm Beach, FL 33480

NOTE FORGIVENESS

For value received, the undersigned DOMINICK A. TELESCO (the "Lender"), hereby forgives all principal and interest due under that certain Recourse Negotiable Promissory Note dated November 16, 2017 in the principal amount of $25,000 from Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated (the "Borrower"), a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit A and incorporated herein by such reference (the "Note").  The Lender hereby confirms that (a) this document memorializes his prior oral forgiveness of the Note effective November 16, 2018 (the "Effective Date"), (b) the Lender never made any demands to the Borrower for payment of all or any portion of the Note, and the Note was never in default under its terms, and (c) such Note and any and all rights of the Lender thereunder have not been sold, transferred, hypothecated or otherwise assigned to any third parties.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned as executed this Note Forgiveness on the 1^st day of December, 2018.

Dominick A. Telesco

EX-10.27

EXHIBIT 10.27

DEBT EXCHANGE AGREEMENT

THIS DEBT EXCHANGE AGREEMENT (“Agreement”) is made and entered into this 25^th day of March, 2019, by and between Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated, a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business located at 2017 High Ridge Road, Boynton Beach, Florida  33426 (the “Corporation”), and Joseph V. Vittoria, an individual with his principal place of business located at 2017 High Ridge Road, Boynton Beach, Florida  33426 (the “Noteholder”).

RECITALS:

WHEREAS, the Corporation owes the Noteholder an aggregate of $8,395,132 including the principal amount of $7,989,622 and accrued but unpaid interest of $395,510, which such amounts become due and payable on December 31, 2019 (the “Obligations”) pursuant to the terms and conditions of that certain letter agreement dated March 28, 2002, as amended from time to time (the “Loan Agreement”).

WHEREAS, the Corporation has requested that the Noteholder extend the maturity date of the Obligations for an additional two year period maturing on December 31, 2021 and in exchange therefore has agreed to grant the Noteholder a security interest in the Corporation’s assets and the Noteholder has agreed to such request.

WHEREAS, the Noteholder is an executive officer, member of the Board of Directors and principal shareholder of the Corporation.

WHEREAS, the Corporation and the Noteholder desire to memorialize in writing the terms, provisions and conditions of the foregoing agreement related to the Obligations.

AGREEMENT:

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises, covenants, agreements, representations and warranties set forth hereinafter, $10.00 and other good and valuable consideration , the receipt, adequacy and sufficiency of which the Corporation and the Noteholder hereby acknowledges and subject to the terms, provisions and conditions hereof, each of the Corporation and the Noteholder hereby agrees as follows:

ARTICLE ONE

EXCHANGE OF LOAN AGREEMENT FOR SECURED PROMISSORY NTOE

Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the Corporation shall issue the Noteholder a senior secured promissory note in the principal amount of the Obligations (the “Note”) in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A and incorporated herein by such reference in full and complete satisfaction of the Obligations and upon which the Loan Agreement shall be deemed terminated by the parties.  

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ARTICLE TWO

REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND AGREEMENTS

OF THE NOTEHOLDER

The Noteholder hereby represents, warrants and agrees to and with the Corporation that:  

2.1

Capacity to Enter into Agreement.  The Noteholder has full right, power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and all other agreements, documents and instruments to be executed in connection herewith and perform his obligations hereunder and thereunder.  When this Agreement and all other agreements, documents and instruments to be executed by a Noteholder in connection herewith are executed by the Noteholder and delivered to the Corporation, this Agreement and such other agreements, documents and instruments will constitute the valid and binding agreements of the Noteholder enforceable against the Noteholder in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by or subject to (a) any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to creditors' rights generally and (b) general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).  

2.2

Conflicts.  The execution, delivery, and consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not (a) violate, conflict with or result in the breach or termination of, or otherwise give any other contracting party the right to terminate, or constitute a default (by way of substitution, novation or otherwise) under the terms of, any contract to which the Noteholder is a party or by which the Noteholder is bound or by which any of the assets of the Noteholder is bound or affected, (b) violate any judgment against, or binding upon, the Noteholder or upon the assets of the Noteholder, or (c) result in the creation of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any assets of the Noteholder pursuant to the terms of any such contract.  

2.3

Consents.  No consent from, or other approval of, any governmental entity or any other person, which has not been obtained, is necessary in connection with the execution, delivery, or performance of this Agreement by the Noteholder.  

ARTICLE THREE

REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, AND AGREEMENTS

OF THE CORPORATION

The Corporation hereby represents, warrants, and agrees to and with the Noteholder that:

3.1

Capacity to Enter into Agreement.  The Corporation has full right, power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and all other agreements, documents and instruments to be executed in connection herewith and perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder.  The execution and delivery by the Corporation of this Agreement and all other agreements, documents and instruments to be executed by the Corporation in connection herewith have been authorized by all necessary action by the Corporation.  When this Agreement and all other agreements, documents and instruments to be executed by the Corporation in connection herewith are executed by it and delivered to the Noteholder, this Agreement and such other agreements, documents and instruments will constitute the valid and binding agreements of the

2

Corporation enforceable against it in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by or subject to (a) any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to creditors' rights generally and (b) general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).  

3.2

Conflicts.  The execution, delivery, and consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not (a) violate, conflict with or result in the breach or termination of, or otherwise give any other contracting party the right to terminate, or constitute a default (by way of substitution, novation or otherwise) under the terms of, any contract to which the Corporation is a party or by which the Corporation is bound or by which any of the assets of the Corporation are bound or affected, (b) violate any judgment against, or binding upon, the Corporation or upon its assets, (c) except as contemplated by this Agreement, result in the creation of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any assets of the Corporation pursuant to the terms of any such contract, or (d) violate any provision in the charter documents, bylaws or any other agreement affecting the governance and control of the Corporation.  

3.3

Consents.  No consent from, or other approval of, any governmental entity or any other person, which has not been obtained, is necessary in connection with the execution, delivery, or performance of this Agreement by the Corporation.

ARTICLE FOUR

ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS

Following the date hereof, each party shall execute and deliver such other documents, and take such other actions, as may be reasonably requested by the other party to complete the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.  

ARTICLE FIVE

SURVIVAL

All of the representations and warranties made by the parties hereto in this Agreement or pursuant hereto, shall be continuing and shall survive the closing hereof and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, notwithstanding any investigation at any time made by or on behalf of any party hereto.  

ARTICLE SIX

MISCELLANEOUS

6.1

Notices.  Any notices, requests, demands, or other communications herein required or permitted to be given shall be in writing and may be personally served or sent by United States mail and shall be deemed to have been given if personally served, when served, or if mailed, when deposited in the mail and shall be deemed to have been received if personally served, when served, or if mailed, on the third business day after deposit in the United States mail with postage pre-paid by certified or registered mail and properly addressed.  As used in this Agreement, the term “business day” means days other than Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays recognized by Federal banks.  For purposes of this Agreement, the addresses of the parties hereto shall be the addresses as

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set forth on the signature pages of this Agreement until a party subsequently notifies the other party in writing of a change of address.  

6.2

Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and each such counterpart shall be deemed to be an original instrument, but all such counterparts together shall constitute but one and the same instrument.

6.3

Amendments and Waivers.  This Agreement may be amended, modified, or superseded only by written instrument executed by all parties hereto.  Any waiver of the terms, provisions, covenants, representations, warranties, or conditions hereof shall be made only by a written instrument executed and delivered by the party waiving compliance.  Any waiver granted by a corporate party hereto shall be effective only if executed and delivered by the chief executive officer, president, or any vice president of such party.  The failure of any party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect the right to enforce the same.  No waiver by any party of any condition, or of the breach of any term, provision, covenant, representation, or warranty contained in this Agreement in one or more instances shall be deemed to be or construed as a further or continuing waiver of any such condition or breach or a waiver of any other condition or the breach of any other term, provision, covenant, representation, or warranty.

6.4

Time of Essence.  Time is of the essence in the performance of this Agreement.

6.5

Captions.  The captions contained in this Agreement are solely for convenient reference and shall not be deemed to affect the meaning or interpretation of any Article, Section, or para­graph hereof.

6.6

Entire Agreement.  This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and supersedes all prior agreements, arrangements, and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof.

6.7

Successors and Assigns.  All of the terms, provisions, covenants, representations, warranties, and conditions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective heirs, legal representatives, assigns, and successors.  

6.8

Knowledge, Gender, and Certain References.  A representation or statement made herein to the knowledge of any corporate party refers to the knowledge or belief of the companies' directors, officers, and attorneys, regardless of whether the knowledge of such person was obtained outside of the course and scope of his corporate employment or duties, and regardless of whether any such person's interests are adverse to such entity in respect of the matters as to which his knowledge is attributed.  Whenever from the context it appears appropriate, each term stated in either the singular or the plural shall include both the singular and the plural, and pronouns stated in the masculine or the neuter gender shall include the masculine, the feminine and the neuter gender.  The terms “hereof,” “herein,” or “hereunder” shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any parti­cular Article, Section, or paragraph hereof.

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6.9

Applicable Law.  This Agreement shall be governed exclusively by its terms and by the laws of the State of Florida.  The parties acknowledge and agree that the 15^th Judicial Circuit in Florida, Palm Beach County, Florida, shall be the venue and exclusive proper forum in which to adjudicate any case or controversy arising either, directly or indirectly, under or in connection with this Agreement and the parties further agree that, in the event of litigation arising out of or in connection with this Agreement in these courts, they will not contest or challenge the jurisdiction or venue of these courts.

6.10

Costs, Expenses and Fees.  Each party hereto agrees hereby to pay all costs, expenses, and fees incurred by it in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, all attorneys' and accountants' fees.  

6.11

Role of Counsel.  The Noteholder acknowledges his understanding that this Agreement was prepared at the request of the Corporation by Pearlman Law Group LLP, its counsel, and that such firm did not represent the Noteholder in conjunction with this Agreement or any of the related transactions.  The Noteholder, as further evidenced by his signature below, acknowledges that he has had the opportunity to obtain the advice of independent counsel of his choosing prior to his execution of this Agreement and that he has availed himself of this opportunity to the extent he deemed necessary and advisable.  

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated
By:	/s/ Edward S. Vittoria
	Edward S. Vittoria, Chief Executive Officer
	/s/ Joseph V. Vittoria
	Joseph V. Vittoria

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Exhibit A

SENIOR SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE

1

EX-10.28

EXHIBIT 10.28

SENIOR SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE

March 25, 2019 $9,129,430.15

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned, Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Maker”), having a business address at 2017 High Ridge Road, Boynton Beach, Florida  33426, hereby promises to pay to the order of Joseph V. Vittoria, an individual, or his assigns (collectively, the “Payee” or the “Holder”) having a business address at 2017 High Ridge Road, Boynton Beach, Florida  33426, the principal amount of Nine Million One Hundred Thousand Four Hundred Thirty dollars and fifteen cents ($9,129,430.15) in lawful money of the United States of America, and in immediately payable funds.  The principal hereof outstanding and any unpaid accrued interest thereon shall be due and payable on December 31, 2021 (the “Maturity Date”).  This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance from time to time outstanding, until paid, at the rate of four percent (4%) per annum.  This Secured Promissory Note is being issued pursuant to the terms of that certain Debt Exchange Agreement of even date herewith by and between the Maker and the Payee (the “Debt Exchange Agreement”). The obligations evidenced by this Note shall be senior to all other obligations of the Maker in right, whether with respect to interest or upon liquidation or dissolution, or otherwise.

1.

Interest.  Accrued interest on this Note shall be due and payable in arrears to Payee in monthly installments on the first day of each calendar month commencing on April 1, 2019 until this Note is repaid in full.

2.

Prepayment.  From and after the date hereof, Maker shall have the option to prepay, in whole or in part, the principal balance of this Note.  There is no prepayment penalty.  

3.

Security Agreement.  This Note is secured in accordance with the terms of the Security Agreement of even date hereby by and between the Payee and the Maker (the “Security Agreement”).

4.

Default.  The occurrence of any of the following shall constitute an event of default (“Event of Default”):

a.

Failure to Pay.  Maker fails to pay, when due, any of the obligations provided for in this Note at their due date or under any other note or obligations of Maker to the Payee;

b.

Denominated Events.  The occurrence of any event expressly denominated as an Event of Default in this Note;

c.

Failure to Perform.  Maker fails to perform or observe any material covenant, term or condition of this Note, the Security Agreement, the Debt Exchange Agreement or any other note or obligation issued or owing in

1

respect to Payee and to be performed or observed by Maker, and such failure continues unremedied for a period of two days after written, facsimile or electronic notice from Payee to Maker of such failure;

d.

Petition By or Against Maker.  (i) the Maker shall commence any case, proceeding or other action (a) under any law of any jurisdiction, domestic or foreign, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or relief of debtors, seeking to have an order for relief entered with respect to it, or seeking to adjudicate it bankrupt or insolvent, or seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, winding-up, liquidation, dissolution, composition or other relief with respect to it or its debts, or (b) seeking appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator or other similar official for it or for all or any substantial part of its assets; or (ii) there shall be commenced against the Maker any case, proceeding or other action of a nature referred to in clause (i) above which (a) results in the entry of an order for relief or any such adjudication or appointment or (b) remains undismissed, undischarged or unbonded for a period of 30 days; or (iii) there shall be commenced against the Maker any case, proceeding or other action seeking issuance of a warrant of attachment, execution, distraint or similar process against all or any substantial part of its assets which results in the entry of an order for any such relief which shall not have been vacated, discharged or stayed, or bonded pending appeal, within 30 days after the entry thereof; (iv) the Maker shall (a) make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or (b) shall admit its inability to pay its debts when they become due; (v) there shall be any order, judgment or decree entered against the Maker decreeing the dissolution or split up of the Maker and such order shall remain undischarged or unstayed for a period in excess of 30 days; or (vi) the Maker shall cease to carry on all or any substantial part of its business in the ordinary course;

e.

Judgment.  There is entered against the Maker a final judgment or order for the payment of money in an aggregate amount exceeding $250,000 and such judgment or order shall remain unsatisfied or without a stay in respect thereof for a period of 30 days; or

f.

Cross Default. The Maker shall fail to pay at maturity, or within any applicable period of grace, any obligation for borrowed money or credit received or in respect of any capitalized lease, in each case for which the Maker’s obligations exceed $250,000, or fail to observe or perform any material term, covenant or agreement contained in any material agreement by which it is bound and evidencing or securing borrowed money or credit received or in respect of any such capitalized lease for such period of time or otherwise as would permit (assuming the giving of appropriate notice if required) the holder or holders thereof or of any obligations issued thereunder to accelerate the maturity thereof, or any such holder or holders shall rescind or shall have a right to rescind the purchase of any such obligations.

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5.

Remedies.  

a.

Acceleration.  Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default and for so long as such default is continuing:

i.

The total amount of (a) of this Note and all other sums owing to Payee which are (i) then due and unpaid or (ii) thereafter to become due and payable; and (b) interest on the foregoing sums, at the rate of one and one-half percent (1 ½%) per month, but not greater than the highest rate permitted by law, from said occurrence until paid in full (the “Default Amount”) shall, at the option of Payee, become immediately due and payable without notice or demand; and

ii.

Payee may exercise any of the other remedies provided under applicable laws.

6.

Cumulative Remedies; Waivers.  No remedy referred to herein is intended to be exclusive, but each shall be cumulative and in addition to any other remedy referred to above or otherwise available to Payee at law or in equity.  No express or implied waiver by Payee of any default or Event of Default hereunder shall in any way be, or be construed to be, a waiver of any future or subsequent default or Event of Default.  The failure or delay of Payee in exercising any rights granted it hereunder under any occurrence of any of the contingencies set forth herein shall not constitute a waiver of any such right upon the continuation or recurrence of any such contingencies or similar contingencies, and any single or partial exercise of any particular right by Payee shall not exhaust the same or constitute a waiver of any other right provided herein.

7.

Costs and Expenses.  Maker shall be liable for all costs, charges and expenses incurred by Payee by reason of the occurrence of any Event of Default or the exercise of Payee’s remedies with respect thereto.

8.

Other Remedies.  The remedies granted to Payee herein upon an Event of Default are not restrictive of any and all other rights and remedies of Payee provided for by this Agreement, any of the relevant documents and applicable law.

9.

Miscellaneous.  

a.

Waivers.  No waiver of any term or condition of this Note shall be construed to be a waiver of any succeeding breach of the same term or condition.  No failure or delay of Payee to exercise any power hereunder, or it insists upon strict compliance by Maker of any obligations hereunder, and no custom or other practice at variance with the terms hereof shall constitute a waiver of the right of Payee to demand exact compliance with such terms.

b.

Invalid Terms.  In the event any provision contained in this Note shall, for any reason, be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision

3

of this Note, and this Note shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.

c.

Successors.  This Note shall be binding upon Maker, its legal representatives, successors and assigns, and inure to the benefit of Payee, its legal representatives, successors and assigns.

d.

Controlling Law and Jurisdiction.  This Note shall be read, construed and governed in all respects in accordance with the laws of the State of Florida and jurisdiction shall be in the state or federal courts in Palm Beach County, Florida.

e.

Amendments.  This Note may be amended only by an instrument in writing and executed by the party against which enforcement of the amendment is sought.

10.

Notices.  All notices, request, demands and other communications required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be sufficiently given if addressed to the addresses as set forth in the Agreement, posted in the U.S. Mail by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested or by overnight mail, including appropriate receipts.  Any party may change said address by giving the other party hereto notice of such change of address.  Notice given as hereinabove prescribed shall be deemed given on the date of its deposit in the U.S. Mail or with the overnight delivery service.

11.

Headings.  All section and subsection headings herein, wherever they appear, are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of any terms herein.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Note to be executed by its duly authorized officer and its seal affixed hereto, as of the day and year first above written.

Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated
By:	/s/ Edward S. Vittoria
	Edward S. Vittoria, Chief Executive Officer

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EX-10.29

EXHIBIT 10.29

SECURITY AGREEMENT

This Security Agreement (the “Security Agreement”) dated as of March 25, 2019 by and between Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated, a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business located at 2017 High Ridge Road, Boynton Beach, Florida  33426 (the “Corporation”), and Joseph V. Vittoria, an individual with his principal place of business located at 2017 High Ridge Road, Boynton Beach, Florida 33426 (the “Secured Party”).

BACKGROUND

The Corporation is issuing the Secured Party a Senior Secured Promissory Note in the aggregate principal amount of $8,385,132 (the “Note”) pursuant to the terms of that certain Debt Exchange Agreement of even date herewith by and between the Corporation and the Secured Party (the “Debt Exchange Agreement”).  In order to induce the Secured Party to enter into the Debt Exchange Agreement, the Corporation has agreed to pledge and grant a security interest in the collateral described herein to the Secured Party on the terms and conditions set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.

Definitions.  All capitalized terms used herein which are not defined shall have the meanings given to them in the Note.

2.

Pledge and Grant of Security Interest. To secure the full and punctual payment and performance of (a) all indebtedness obligations and liabilities of the Corporation to the Secured Party under the Note and (b) all indebtedness, obligations and liabilities of the Corporation to Secured Party whether now existing or hereafter arising, direct or indirect, liquidated or unliquidated, absolute or contingent, due or not due and whether under, pursuant to or evidenced by the Note (collectively, the “Indebtedness”), the Corporation hereby transfers, pledges, assigns, hypothecates, transfers and grants to the Secured Party a security interest in the personal property described on Schedule A annexed hereto (collectively, the “Collateral”).

3.

Representations and Warranties of the Corporation.  The Corporation represents and warrants to the Secured Party (which representations and warranties shall be deemed to continue to be made until all of the Indebtedness has been paid in full in cash) that:

(a)

The execution, delivery and performance by the Corporation of this Security Agreement and the pledge of the Collateral hereunder do not and will not result in any violation of any agreement, indenture, instrument, license, judgment, decree, order, law, statute, ordinance or other governmental rule or regulation applicable to the Corporation;

(b)

This Security Agreement constitutes the legal, valid, and binding obligation of the Corporation enforceable against the Corporation in accordance with its terms;

(c)

No consent or approval of any person, corporation, governmental body, regulatory authority or other entity, is or will be necessary for the execution, delivery and performance of this Security Agreement or, the exercise by the Secured Party of any rights with respect to the Collateral or for the pledge and assignment of, and the grant of a security interest in, the Collateral hereunder;

1

(d)

There are no pending or, to the best of the Corporation’s knowledge, threatened actions or proceedings before any court, judicial body, administrative agency or arbitrator which may materially adversely affect the Collateral;

(e)

The Corporation has the requisite power and authority to enter into this Security Agreement and to pledge and assign the Collateral to Secured Party in accordance with the terms of this Security Agreement;

(f)

The Corporation owns each item of the Collateral set forth on Schedule A and, except for the pledge and security interest granted to Secured Party hereunder, the Collateral is free and clear of any other security interest, pledge, claim, lien, charge, hypothecation, assignment, offset or encumbrance whatsoever (collectively, “Liens”); and

(g)

The pledge and assignment of the Collateral and the grant of a security interest under this Security Agreement vests in the Secured Party all rights of the Corporation in the Collateral as contemplated by this Security Agreement.

4.

Affirmative Covenants.  Until such time as all of the Indebtedness has been paid in full in cash, the Corporation shall:

(a)

Defend the Collateral against the claims and demands of all other parties and keep the Collateral free from all Liens, except for the Liens granted to Secured Party under this Security Agreement or in the ordinary course of business;

(b)

In the event the Corporation comes into possession of any portion of the Collateral in violation of the terms of this Security Agreement, hold the same in trust for Secured Party and deliver to Secured Party such Collateral in the form received no later than two (2) business days following the Corporation’s receipt thereof;

(c)

In the event any portion of the Collateral is held by a third party, take all action that Holder may request so as to maintain the validity, enforceability, perfection and priority of Secured Party’s security interest in the Collateral;

(d)

Within two (2) business days of receipt thereof by the Corporation, deliver to Secured Party all notices and statements relating to the Collateral received by the Corporation or any third party holding the Collateral;

(e)

Notify Secured Party promptly of (a) any adverse event relating to the Collateral or any adverse change in the value of the Collateral and (b) the Corporation’s intention to commence a voluntary case under any state or federal bankruptcy laws (as now or hereafter in effect);

(f)

At the written request of Secured Party at any time and from time to time, at the Corporation’s sole expense, promptly take such action and execute and deliver such control agreements (and cause any financial institution and/or brokerage Corporation at which any of the Collateral is maintained to enter into one or more control agreements in favor of and on terms satisfactory to Secured Party) and further instruments and documents as Secured Party may reasonably request in order to more fully perfect, evidence or effectuate the pledge and assignment hereunder and the security interest granted hereby and to enable Secured Party to exercise and enforce his rights and remedies hereunder.  Secured Party is hereby authorized to file one or more financing or continuation statements under the Uniform Commercial Code (as in effect from time to time, the “UCC”) relating to the Collateral, naming Secured Party as “secured party”; and

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(g)

Furnish to Secured Party such other information relating to the Collateral as Secured Party may from time to time reasonably request.

5.

Events of Default.

The term “Event of Default” wherever used herein shall mean the occurrence of any one or more of the following events:

(a)

An “Event of Default” under the Note shall have occurred and shall not have been cured during any applicable cure or grace period;

(b)

The Corporation’s failure to comply with or perform any of its undertakings or obligations under this Security Agreement or the Note which failure has not been cured by the Corporation within ten (10) days of written notice; or

(c)

Any representation, warranty, statement or covenant made or furnished to Secured Party by or on behalf of the Corporation in connection with this Security Agreement, the Note or the Debt Exchange Agreement proves to have been false in any material respect when made or furnished or is breached, violated or not complied with and which failure has not been cured by the Corporation within ten (10) days of written notice.

6.

Remedies.

Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the Secured Party may:

(a)

Demand, collect, receipt for, settle, compromise, adjust, sue for, foreclose, realize upon the Collateral (or any part thereof) and/or otherwise deal with the Collateral in any and all respects as the holder thereof, in each case as Secured Party may determine in his sole discretion;

(b)

Transfer the Collateral into his names or into the names of his nominee or nominees;

(c)

Subject to the requirements of applicable law, sell, assign and deliver the whole or, from time to time any part of the Collateral, with or without demand, advertisement or notice of the time or place of sale or adjournment thereof or otherwise (all of which are hereby waived, except such notice as is required by applicable law and cannot be waived), for such price or prices and on such terms as Secured Party in his sole discretion may determine.  

In addition to the foregoing, Secured Party shall have all of the rights and remedies of a secured party under applicable law and the UCC.

7.

Proceeds of Collateral Agreement.  The proceeds of any disposition of the Collateral under this Security Agreement shall be applied as follows:

(a)

First, to the payment of all costs, expenses and charges of Secured Party and to the reimbursement of Secured Party for the prior payment of such costs, expenses and charges incurred in connection with the care and safekeeping of the Collateral (including, without limitation, the expenses of any sale or any other disposition of any of the Collateral), the expenses of any taking, attorneys’ fees and expenses, court costs, any other fees or expenses incurred or expenditures or advances made by Secured Party in the protection, enforcement or exercise of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder, with interest on any such reimbursement at the rate prescribed in the Note from the date of payment;

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(b)

Second, to the payment of the Note, in whole or in part, in such order as Noeholder may elect, whether or not such Note is then due;

(c)

Third, to such persons, firms corporations or other entities as required by applicable law including, without limitation the UCC; and

(d)

Fourth, to the extent of any surplus to the Corporation or as a court of competent jurisdiction may direct.

In the event that the proceeds of any collection, recovery, receipt, appropriation, realization or sale are insufficient to satisfy the Note, the Corporation shall be liable for the deficiency together with interest thereon at the rate prescribed in the Note plus the costs and fees of any attorneys employed by Secured Party to collect such deficiency.

8.

No Waiver.  Any and all of Secured Party’s rights with respect to the Liens granted under this Security Agreement shall continue unimpaired, and the Corporation shall be and remain obligated in accordance with the terms hereof, notwithstanding (a) the bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Corporation, (b) the release or substitution of any item of the Collateral at any time, or of any rights or interests therein, or (c) any delay, extension of time, renewal, compromise or other indulgence granted by Holder in reference to the Note.  The Corporation hereby waives all notice of any such delay, extension, release, substitution, renewal, compromise or other indulgence, and hereby consents to be bound hereby as fully and effectively as if the Corporation had expressly agreed thereto in advance.  No delay or extension of time by Secured Party in exercising any power of sale, option or other right or remedy hereunder, and no failure by Secured Party to give notice or make demand, shall constitute a waiver thereof, or limit, impair or prejudice Secured Party’s right to take any action against the Corporation or to exercise any other power of sale, option or any other right or remedy.

9.

Captions.  All captions in this Security Agreement are included herein for convenience of reference only and shall not constitute part of this Security Agreement for any other purpose.  

10.

Miscellaneous.

(a)

This Security Agreement constitutes the entire and final agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and may not be changed, terminated or otherwise varied except by a writing duly executed by the parties hereto.

(b)

No waiver of any term or condition of this Security Agreement, whether by delay, omission or otherwise, shall be effective unless in writing and signed by the party sought to be charged, and then such waiver shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the purpose for which given.

(c)

In the event that any provision of this Security Agreement or the application thereof to the Corporation or any circumstance in any jurisdiction governing this Security Agreement shall, to any extent, be invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute, regulation, or rule of law, such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform to such statute, regulation or rule of law, and the remainder of this Security Agreement and the application of any such invalid or unenforceable provision to parties, jurisdictions, or circumstances other than to whom or to which it is held invalid or unenforceable shall not be affected thereby, nor shall same affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Security Agreement.

4

(d)

This Security Agreement shall be binding upon the Corporation, and the Corporation’s successors and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of Secured Party and its successors and assigns.

(e)

Any notice or other communication required or permitted pursuant to this Security Agreement shall be given in accordance with the notice provisions of the Note.

(f)

This Security Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in all respects in accordance with the laws of the State of Florida and jurisdiction shall be in the state or federal courts in Palm Beach County, Florida.

(g)

EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY EXPRESSLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY OF ANY CLAIM, DEMAND, ACTION OR CAUSE OF ACTION (A) ARISING UNDER THIS SECURITY AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER INSTRUMENT, DOCUMENT OR AGREEMENT EXECUTED OR DELIVERED IN CONNECTION HEREWITH, OR (B) IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH OR RELATED OR INCIDENTAL TO THE DEALINGS OF THE PARTIES HERETO OR ANY OTHER AGREEMENT EXECUTED OR DELIVERED BY THEM IN CONNECTION HEREWITH, OR THE TRANSACTIONS RELATED HERETO OR THERETO, IN EACH CASE WHETHER NOW EXISTING OR HEREAFTER ARISING, AND WHETHER SOUNDING IN CONTRACT OR TORT OR OTHERWISE AND EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY AGREES AND CONSENTS THAT ANY CLAIM, DEMAND, ACTION OR CAUSE OF ACTION SHALL BE DECIDED BY COURT TRIAL WITHOUT A JURY, AND THAT ANY PARTY MAY FILE AN ORIGINAL COUNTERPART OR A COPY OF THIS SECTION WITH ANY COURT AS WRITTEN EVIDENCE OF THE CONSENT OF EACH PARTY TO THE WAIVER OF ITS RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.

(h)

THE PARTIES HERETO EXPRESSLY CONSENT TO THE JURISDICTION AND VENUE OF EACH COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION LOCATED IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA FOR ALL PURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS SECURITY AGREEMENT.  ANY JUDICIAL PROCEEDING BY THE PARTIES AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVING, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ANY MATTER OR CLAIM IN ANY WAY ARISING OUT OF, RELATED TO OR CONNECTED WITH THIS SECURITY AGREEMENT SHALL BE BROUGHT IN A STATE OR FEDERAL COURT LOCATED IN PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA.  THE PARTIES HERETO WAIVES ANY OBJECTION TO JURISDICTION AND VENUE OF ANY ACTION INSTITUTED HEREON AND SHALL NOT ASSERT ANY DEFENSE BASED ON LACK OF JURISDICTION OR VENUE OR BASED UPON FORUM NON CONVENIENS.

(i)

This Security Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which when taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.  Any signature delivered by a party by facsimile transmission shall be deemed an original signature hereto.

[signature page to follow]

5

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have duly executed this Security Agreement as of the day and year first written above.

Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated
By:	/s/ Edward S. Vittoria
	Edward S. Vittoria, Chief Executive Officer

SECURED PARTY

/s/ Joseph V. Vittoria

Joseph V. Vittoria

6

SCHEDULE A

Description of Collateral

The Corporation hereby grants, pledges, and assigns for the benefit of the Secured Party, and there is hereby created in favor of the Secured Party, a security interest in and to all of the Corporation’s right, title, and interest in, to, and under all assets and all personal property of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, whether now or hereafter existing, or now owned or hereafter acquired, including but not limited to the following (collectively, “Collateral”):

a.

All accounts, chattel paper, contracts, contract rights, accounts receivable, tax refunds, note receivable, documents, other choses in action and general intangibles, including, but not limited to, proceeds of inventory and returned goods and proceeds from the sale of goods and services, and all rights, liens, securities, guaranties, remedies and privileges related thereto, including the right of stoppage in transit and rights and property of any kind forming the subject matter of any of the foregoing (“Accounts Receivable”);

b.

All savings, demand, certificate of deposit or other accounts in the name of the Corporation or in which the Corporation has any right, title or interest, including but not limited to all sums now or at any time hereafter on deposit, and any renewals, extensions or replacements of and all other property which may from time to time be acquired directly or indirectly using the proceeds of any of the foregoing;

c.

All inventory and equipment of every type or description wherever located, including, but not limited to all raw materials, parts, containers, work in process, finished goods, goods in transit, wares, merchandise furniture, fixtures, hardware, machinery, tools, parts, supplies, automobiles, trucks, other intangible property of whatever kind and wherever located associated with the Corporation’s business, tools and goods returned for credit, repossessed, reclaimed or otherwise reacquired by the Corporation;

d.

All documents of title and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of, exchange or substitution for or addition to any of the foregoing including, but not limited to, any documents of title.

e.

All know-how, information, permits, patents, copyrights, goodwill, trademarks, trade names, licenses and approvals held by the Corporation, including all other intangible property of the Corporation;

f.

All assets of any type or description that may at any time be assigned or delivered to or come into possession of the Corporation for any purpose for the account of the Corporation or as to which the Corporation may have any right, title, interest or power, and property in the possession or custody of or in transit to anyone for the account of the Corporation, as well as all proceeds and products thereof and accessions and annexations thereto; and

g.

All proceeds (including but not limited to insurance proceeds) and products of and accessions and annexations to any of the foregoing.

EX-10.30

EXHIBIT 10.30

AMENDMENT NO. 1

TO THE

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

(THE “COMPANY”)

 2018 EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN

Section 4.1 of the Company’s 2018 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

4.1

Number of Shares. The total number of shares of Common Stock reserved and available for issuance under the Plan shall be Twenty Million (20,000,000) shares. Shares of Common Stock under the Plan may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued shares or treasury shares.  The number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan shall automatically increase on the first trading day of January each calendar year during the term of the Plan, beginning with calendar year 2019, by an amount equal to one percent (1%) of the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on the last trading day in December of the immediately preceding calendar year, but in no event shall any such annual increase exceed One Hundred Thousand (100,000) shares of Common Stock.  If any share of Common Stock that have been granted pursuant to a Stock Option ceases to be subject to a Stock Option, or if any shares of Common Stock that are subject to any Restricted Stock, Deferred Stock Award, or Other Stock-Based Award granted hereunder are forfeited or any such Award otherwise terminates without a payment being made to the Holder in the form of Common Stock, such shares shall again be available for distribution in connection with future grants and Awards under the Plan.

Except as provided herein, all other terms and conditions of the Plan remain in full force and effect.  The foregoing amendment was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors on March 25, 2019 pursuant to Section 11 of the Plan and by the Company’s stockholders on March 25, 2019.  All terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the same meaning as in the Plan.  

PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
By:	/s/ Edward S. Vittoria
	Edward S. Vittoria, Chief Executive Officer

EX-23.1

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 of Puradyn Filter Technologies Inc. (the “Company”) of our report dated March 25, 2019 with respect to the balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ deficit and cash flows for the two years then ended included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the prospectus.

/s/ Liggett & Webb, P.A.

LIGGETT & WEBB, P.A.

Certified Public Accountants

Boynton Beach, Florida

March 25, 2019

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification

I, Edward S. Vittoria, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 of Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:  March 25, 2019 /s/ Edward S. Vittoria Edward S. Vittoria, Chief Executive Officer, principal executive officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification

I, Martin Scott, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 of Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: March 25, 2019 /s/ Martin Scott Martin Scott, CFO Consultant, principal financial and accounting officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

Section 1350 Certification

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Edward S. Vittoria, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. SS. 1350, as adopted pursuant to SS. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial conditions and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: March 25, 2019	/s/ Edward S. Vittoria
	Edward S. Vittoria,
	Chief Executive Officer, principal financial officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signatures that appear in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

Section 1350 Certification

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Martin Scott, principal financial and accounting officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. SS. 1350, as adopted pursuant to SS. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial conditions and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: March 25, 2019	/s/ Martin Scott
	Martin Scott,
	CFO Consultant, principal financial and accounting officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signatures that appear in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 25, 2019	Jun. 29, 2018
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	PURADYN FILTER TECHNOLOGIES INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001019787
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 739,897
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		69,016,468
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018

XML

BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash	$ 112,769	$ 54,438
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for uncollectible accounts of $17,000 and $17,000, respectively	293,994	270,896
Inventories, net	834,708	400,764
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	66,290	69,355
Total current assets	1,307,761	795,453
Property and equipment, net	78,642	45,327
Other noncurrent assets	483,974	532,540
Total assets	1,870,377	1,373,320
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	416,790	186,696
Accrued liabilities	605,357	362,804
Sales incentives		99,128
Capital lease obligation		3,443
Deferred compensation	1,564,253	1,626,003
Notes Payable - stockholders	325,000	7,988,349
Total current liabilities	2,911,400	10,266,423
Notes Payable - stockholders	7,989,622
Total Liabilities	10,901,022	10,266,423
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders' deficit:
Preferred stock, $.001 par value: Authorized shares - 500,000; None issued and outstanding
Common stock, $.001 par value, Authorized shares - 100,000,000; Issued and outstanding 69,016,468 and 69,016,468, respectively	69,016	69,016
Additional paid-in capital	53,678,000	53,599,160
Accumulated deficit	(62,777,661)	(62,561,279)
Total stockholders' deficit	(9,030,645)	(8,893,103)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$ 1,870,377	$ 1,373,320

XML

BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for uncollectible accounts of accounts receivable	$ 17,000	$ 17,000
Preferred stock, par value per share	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	500,000	500,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	69,016,468	69,016,468
Common stock, shares outstanding	69,016,468	69,016,468

XML

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 4,203,556	$ 2,250,141
Cost of products sold	2,463,208	1,758,974
Gross Profit	1,740,348	491,167
Costs and expenses:
Salaries and wages	897,507	855,131
Selling and administrative	626,106	592,614
Loss on impairment of patents	105,665
Total operating costs	1,629,278	1,447,745
Income/(Loss) from operations	111,070	(956,578)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(327,452)	(273,516)
Total other expense, net	(327,452)	(273,516)
Net loss before income tax expense	(216,382)	(1,230,094)
Provision for income taxes
Net loss	$ (216,382)	$ (1,230,094)
Basic and diluted loss per common share	$ (0.00)	$ (0.02)
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic and diluted	69,016,468	69,016,468

XML

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (216,382)	$ (1,230,094)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	47,947	34,373
Gain on sale of fixed assets	(1,244)	2,248
Provision for slow moving inventory	13,611	139,033
Compensation expense on stock-based arrangements with employees and consultants	52,590	41,752
Impairment of capitalized patent costs	105,665
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(23,098)	(10,725)
Inventories	(447,555)	142,312
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,065	(13,908)
Other assets	850
Sales incentives	(99,128)	99,128
Accounts payable	230,094	39,108
Deferred compensation	(61,750)	23,177
Accrued liabilities	208,113	30,559
Net cash used in operating activities	(187,222)	(703,037)
Investing activities
Capitalized patent costs	(81,268)	(76,731)
Proceeds from sale of equipment	5,000	3,000
Purchases of equipment	(26,009)	(27,845)
Net cash used in investing activities	(102,277)	(101,576)
Financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to stockholders	601,273	875,000
Repayment of note payable to stockholder	(250,000)	(50,000)
Proceeds from stockholder loan		25,000
Payment of capital lease obligations	(3,443)	(3,755)
Net cash provided by financing activities	347,830	846,245
Net increase in cash	58,331	41,632
Cash at beginning of period	54,438	12,806
Cash at end of period	112,769	54,438
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	109,167	238,595
Cash paid for taxes
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Forgiveness of stockholder loan and accrued interest	26,250	56,644
Addition to leasehold improvement as lease incentive	$ 35,690

XML

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT - USD ($)	Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016		$ 69,016	$ 53,504,744	$ (61,331,185)	$ (7,757,425)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2016		69,016,468
Net loss				(1,230,094)	(1,230,094)
Forgiveness of note payable and accrued interest - related party			52,664		52,664
Compensation expense associated with unvested option awards			41,752		41,752
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017		$ 69,016	53,599,160	(62,561,279)	(8,893,103)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2017		69,106,468
Net loss				(216,382)	(216,382)
Forgiveness of note payable and accrued interest - related party			26,250		26,250
Compensation expense associated with unvested option awards			52,590		52,590
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018		$ 69,016	$ 53,678,000	$ (62,777,661)	$ (9,030,645)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2018		69,106,468

XML

Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

1. Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, is engaged in the manufacturing, distribution and sale of bypass oil filtration systems under the trademark Puradyn^® primarily to companies within targeted industries. The Company holds the exclusive worldwide manufacturing and marketing rights for the Puradyn through direct ownership of various other patents.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from product sales to customers, distributors and resellers when products that do not require further services or installation by the Company are shipped, when there are no uncertainties surrounding customer acceptance and when collectability is reasonably assured. Cash received by the Company prior to shipment is recorded as deferred revenue. Sales are made to customers under terms allowing certain limited rights of return and other limited product and performance warranties for which provision has been made in the accompanying financial statements.

Amounts billed to customers in sales transactions related to shipping and handling, represent revenues earned for the goods provided and are included in net sales. Costs of shipping and handling are included in cost of products sold.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Topic 606 which was adopted at the beginning of fiscal year 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The Company did not recognize any cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption as the effect was immaterial. The adoption of these standards did not have a material impact on the Company's statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Included in those estimates are assumptions about allowances for inventory obsolescence, useful life of fixed assets, warranty reserves and bad-debt reserves, valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset, life of intangible assets, impairment of intangible assets and the assumptions used in Black-Scholes valuation models related to stock options and warrants.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any cash equivalents.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and notes payable to stockholder approximate their fair values as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, because of their short-term natures.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at fair value on the date revenue is recognized. The Company provides allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to repay their obligation. If the financial condition of the Company's customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to repay, additional allowances may be required. The Company provides for potential uncollectible accounts receivable based on specific customer identification and historical collection experience adjusted for existing market conditions. If market conditions decline, actual collection experience may not meet expectations and may result in decreased cash flows and increased bad debt expense. The policy for determining past due status is based on the contractual payment terms of each customer, which are generally net 30 or net 60 days. Once collection efforts by the Company and its collection agency are exhausted, the determination for charging off uncollectible receivables is made.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first in, first out (FIFO) method. Net realizable value is defined as sales price less cost of completion, disposable and transportation and a normal profit margin. Production costs, consisting of labor and overhead, are applied to ending finished goods inventories at a rate based on estimated production capacity. Excess production costs are charged to cost of products sold. Provisions have been made to reduce excess or obsolete inventories to their net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, except for assets held under capital leases, for which the Company records depreciation and amortization based on the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the term of the lease. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment range from 3 to 5 years. Upon sale or retirement, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are eliminated from their respective accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations. Repairs and maintenance charges, which do not increase the useful lives of the assets, are charged to operations as incurred.

Patents

Patents are stated at cost. Amortization is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the patents. The estimated useful lives of patents are approximately 20 years. Upon retirement, the cost and related accumulated amortization are eliminated from their respective accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Management assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets when indicators of impairment are present. If such indicators are present, recoverability of these assets is determined by comparing the undiscounted net cash flows estimated to result from those assets over the remaining life to the assets’ net carrying amounts. If the estimated undiscounted net cash flows are less than the net carrying amount, the assets would be adjusted to their fair value, based on appraisal or the present value of the undiscounted net cash flows.

Sales Incentives and Consideration Paid to Customers

The Company accounts for certain promotional costs such as sales incentives and cooperative advertising as a reduction of sales.

Product Warranty Costs

As required by FASB ASC 460, Guarantees, the Company is including the following disclosure applicable to its product warranties.

The Company accrues for warranty costs based on the expected material and labor costs to provide warranty replacement products. The methodology used in determining the liability for warranty cost is based upon historical information and experience. The Company's warranty reserve is calculated as the gross sales multiplied by the historical warranty expense return rate.

The following table shows the changes in the aggregate product warranty liability for the year ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively:

	2018		2017
Balance as of beginning of year	$	20,000	$	20,000
Less: Payments made		—		—
Add: Provision for current years warranty		—		—
Balance as of end of year	$	20,000	$	20,000

Advertising Costs

Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, advertising costs incurred by the Company totaled approximately $28,613 and $1,251, respectively, and are included in selling and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.

Engineering and Development

Engineering and development costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, engineering and development costs incurred by the Company totaled $5,866 and $6,981, respectively, and are included in selling and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

Stock Option Plans

We adopted FASB ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, effective January 1, 2006 using the modified prospective application method of adoption which requires us to record compensation cost related to unvested stock awards as of December 31, 2005 by recognizing the amortized grant date fair value in accordance with provisions of FASB ASC 718 on straight line basis over the service periods of each award. We have estimated forfeiture rates based on our historical experience. Stock option compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 has been recognized as a component of cost of goods sold and general and administrative expenses in the accompanying financial statements.

In 2018 and 2017, respectively, 10,980,000 and 5,000 options were granted at fair market value on the date of grant pursuant to the Stock Option Plan.

The Company leases its employees from a payroll leasing company. The Company’s leased employees meet the definition of employees as specified by FIN 44 for purposes of applying FASB ASC 718.

Stock options and warrants issued to consultants and other non-employees as compensation for services provided to the Company are accounted for based on the fair value of the services provided or the estimated fair market value of the option or warrant, whichever is more reliably measurable in accordance with FASB ASC 505, Equity, and FASB ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, including related amendments and interpretations. The related expense is recognized over the period the services are provided.

Credit Risk

The Company minimizes the concentration of credit risk associated with its cash by maintaining its cash with high quality federally insured financial institutions. However, cash balances in excess of the FDIC insured limit of $250,000 are at risk. At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, the Company did not have cash balances above the FDIC insured limit. The Company performs ongoing evaluations of its significant trade accounts receivable customers and generally does not require collateral. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained against trade accounts receivable at levels which management believes is sufficient to cover probable credit losses. The Company also has some customer concentrations, and the loss of business from one or a combination of these significant customers, or an unexpected deterioration in their financial condition, could adversely affect the Company’s operations.  Please refer to Note 18 for further details.

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

FASB ASC 260, Earnings per Share, requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. However, because of the Company’s net losses, the effects of stock options and warrants would be anti-dilutive and, accordingly, are excluded from the computation of earnings per share. The number of such shares excluded from the computations of diluted loss per share totaled 12,518,336 in 2018, and 4,170,162 in 2017.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which will amend current lease accounting to require lessees to recognize (i) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis, and (ii) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 does not significantly change lease accounting requirements applicable to lessors; however, certain changes were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model. This standard was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this ASU and finalizing the impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

The adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have a significant impact on our balance sheet as we will record material assets and obligations primarily related to our corporate office and equipment leases. We expect to record operating lease liabilities of approximately $960,000 based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments using discount rates as of the effective date. We expect to record corresponding right-of-use assets of approximately $890,000, based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepaid and deferred rent, unamortized initial direct costs, liabilities associated with lease termination costs and impairment of right-of-use assets recognized in retained earnings as of January 1, 2019. We do not expect a material impact on our statement of income or our statement of cash flows.

All other newly issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective have been deemed either immaterial or not applicable.

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Going Concern

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Going Concern [Abstract]

Going Concern

2. Going Concern

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared on the basis that it will operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred net losses each year since inception, negative cash flows, and has relied on loans from its principal stockholder to fund its operations. The principal stockholder has recently advised the Company that he does not expect to continue to provide working capital advances to the Company at historic levels. If the Company does not raise funds as needed, or if the principal stockholder should discontinue his practice of advancing funds, the Company’s existing business and operations will be in jeopardy.

These recurring operating losses, liabilities exceeding assets and the reliance on cash inflows from a current stockholder have led the Company’s management to conclude there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

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Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

3. Inventories

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 inventories consisted of the following:

	2018			2017
Raw materials	$	1,053,147		$	901,600
Finished goods		257,623			125,932
Work in process		—			16,848
Valuation allowance		(476,062	)		(643,616	)
Total inventory, net	$	834,708		$	400,764

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

	2018		2017
Prepaid expenses	$	27,854	$	26,648
Deposits		38,436		42,707
	$	66,290	$	69,355

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Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

5. Property and Equipment

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:

	2018			2017
Machinery and equipment	$	1,030,196		$	1,045,217
Furniture and fixtures		56,558			56,558
Leasehold improvements		188,012			152,322
Software and website development		88,842			88,842
Computer hardware and software		179,258			153,249
		1,542,866			1,496,188
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(1,464,224	)		(1,450,861	)
	$	78,642		$	45,327

Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is $24,628 and $19,775, respectively, of which $5,841 and $4,529 is included in cost of products sold, $18,787 and $15,246 is included in selling and administrative costs, respectively, in the accompanying statements of operations. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 the Company recognized a loss / (gain) of ($1,244) and $2,248 on the disposal of fixed assets, respectively.

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Patents

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Patents

6. Patents

Included in other noncurrent assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are capitalized patent costs as follows:

	2018		2017
Patent costs	$	533,496	$	558,873
Less accumulated amortization		(84,429)		(62,153	)
	$	449,067	$	496,720

Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 amounted to $23,319 and $14,598, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded an expense of $105,665 and $0 for the impairment of patents it determined had no future economic value.

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Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

7. Leases

The Company leases its office and warehouse facilities in Boynton Beach, Florida under a long-term non-cancellable lease agreement, which contains renewal options and rent escalation clauses. As of December 31, 2018, a security deposit of $34,970 is included in noncurrent assets in the accompanying balance sheet. On September 27, 2012 the Company entered into a non-cancellable six-year lease agreement for the same facilities commencing August 1, 2013 and expiring July 31, 2019. The total minimum lease payments over the term of the current lease amount to $180,826.

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a non-cancellable five-year lease for the same facilities commencing August 1, 2019 and expiring July 31, 2024. The lease will require an initial rent of $14,899 per month, beginning August 1, 2019 for the first year, increasing by 3% per year to $16,769 per month in the fifth year. In addition, the Company is responsible for all operating expenses and utilities. As part of the lease the landlord agreed to reimburse the Company $58,000 towards the replacement of air conditioning units, upon written request. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had received all of the reimbursement.

Rent expense under all operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 totaled $278,578 and $278,880, respectively, of which $221,113 and $212,454 is included in cost of products sold and $57,465 and $66,346 is included in selling and administrative costs, respectively, in the accompanying statements of operations.

In January 2015 the Company entered into a capital lease for office equipment in the amount of $15,020, which expired in December 2018. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the balance under capital lease obligations was $0 and $3,443, respectively.  

In September 2018, the Company entered into a new capital lease for office equipment in the amount of $599, which commenced in December 2018 for a term of 48 months.

Future minimum lease commitments due for facilities and equipment leases under non-cancellable operating leases at December 31, 2018 are as follows:

	Operating Leases
2019	$	179,255
2020		188,196
2021		193,627
2022		197,427
2023		197,807
2024		117,383
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,073,695

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Accrued Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued Liabilities

8. Accrued Liabilities

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accrued liabilities consisted of the following:

	2017		2017
Accrued wages and benefits	$	52,753	$	69,025
Accrued expenses relating to vendors and others		128,114		136,681
Accrued warranty costs		20,000		20,000
Accrued interest payable relating to stockholder notes		329,801		115,039
Deferred rent		74,689		22,059
	$	605,357	$	362,804

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Deferred Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]

Deferred Compensation

9. Deferred Compensation

Deferred compensation represents amounts owed to two current employees and two former employees for salary. As there is no written agreement with these employees which memorializes the terms of salary deferral, only a voluntary election to do so, it is possible that the employees could demand payment in full at any time. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 the Company recorded deferred compensation of $1,564,253 and $1,626,003, respectively.

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Sales Incentives

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Sales Incentives

10. Sales Incentives

The Company entered into an exclusive distribution agreement for the worldwide rights to sell its product in the oil and gas industry effective September 7, 2017. The agreement included an incentive program that rewarded credits toward future product redeemable only if targeted quarterly goals are achieved. The incentive-earning period ended on June 30, 2018, and no incentives were earned. The exclusivity agreement continues at a minimum through the end of 2018.

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Notes Payable to Stockholders and Capital Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Notes Payable To Stockholders And Capital Leases

Notes Payable to Stockholders and Capital Leases

11. Notes Payable to Stockholders and Capital Leases

On March 28, 2002 the Company executed a binding agreement with one of its principal stockholders, who is also the former Chief Executive Officer, now Executive Chairman of the Board, to fund up to $6.1 million. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company can draw amounts as needed to fund operations. Amounts drawn bear interest at the BBA LIBOR Daily Floating Rate plus 1.4 percentage points (3.88% and 3.62% per annum at December 31, 2018 and 2017 respectively), payable monthly and were to become due and payable on December 31, 2005 or upon a change in control of the Company or the consummation of any other financing over $7.0 million. Beginning in March 2006, annually, through February 2012, the maturity date for the agreement was extended annually from December 31, 2007, to December 31, 2018. On May 9, 2018 he extended the maturity rate to December 31, 2019. In March 2019, the Company entered into a note exchange agreement with him whereby he agreed to extend the due date of these obligations to December 31, 2021 and granted him a first position security interest in our assets (Refer to Note 18).

During the year ended December 31, 2018 we borrowed an additional $26,273 from our Executive Chairman, together with $325,000 under a demand note not covered by this line of credit. This demand note bears interest at 4% per annum. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 we owed him an aggregate of $8,314,622 and $7,988,349, respectively, which represented approximately 76% and 78% of our total liabilities, respectively. While he has continued to fund our working capital needs at reduced levels and extend the due date of the obligation for an additional year, he is under no contractual obligation to do so. During 2017 he advised us he does not expect to continue to provide working capital advances to us at historic amounts. If we are unable to meet our obligation to our Executive Chairman prior to maturity, he has advised us that he may forgive all, or substantially all, of this obligation.

From April 1, 2018 through May 15, 2018, the Company received additional loans in the amount of $250,000 from a related party to both the Company’s Executive Chairman and its Chief Executive Officer, as advances for working capital needs. The amounts are non-interest bearing and are payable upon demand. On July 15, 2018, $250,000 was repaid.

In November 2017, the Company received an additional loan in the amount of $25,000 from a stockholder and former member of the Board of Directors. The loan bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum and is due December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 16. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded interest expense of $1,092. On November 16, 2018, the former member of the Board of Directors forgave the loan and the accrued interest amounting to $26,250 and recorded the amount as a capital contribution.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company incurred interest expense of $324,087 and $271,311, respectively, on its loans from the executive chairman, which is included in interest expense in the accompanying statements of operations. Also included in interest expense at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $3,365 and $2,205 of interest related to capital lease obligations, financing, late fees and loans from a stockholder.

Notes payable and capital leases consisted of the following at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

	2018			2017
Notes payable to stockholders	$	8,314,622		$	7,988,349
Capital lease obligation		—			3,443
		8,314,622			7,991,792
Less: current maturities		(325,000	)		(7,991,792	)
Long-term maturities	$	7,989,622		$	—

Maturities of Long-Term Obligations for Five Years and Beyond

The minimum annual principal payments of notes payable and operating leases obligations at December 31, 2018 were:

	Operating		Notes
	Leases		Payable		Total
2019	$	179,255	$	325,000	$	504,255
2020		188,196		—		188,196
2021		193,627		7,989,622		8,183,249
2022		197,427		—		197,427
2023		197,807		—		197,807
2024		117,383		—		117,383
Total	$	1,073,695	$	8,314,622	$	9,388,317

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

12. Income Taxes

2017 U.S. Tax Reform

The Jobs act significantly revised the U.S. Corporate income tax by lowering the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.

The significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets are as follows for the years ended December 31:

	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	12,291,278		$	12,207,686
Accrued expenses and reserves		129,745			172,212
Compensatory stock options and warrants		179,275			165,946
Other		1,252			1,252
Total deferred tax assets		12,601,550			12,547,096
Valuation allowance		(12,601,550	)		(12,547,096	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	—		$	—

FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. After consideration of all the evidence, both positive and negative, management has determined that a full valuation allowance of $12,601,550 and $12,547,096 against its net deferred taxes is necessary as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The change in valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is $54,454 and $4,322,819, respectively.

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, the Company had $48,495,866 and $48,166,052, respectively, of U.S. net operating loss carryforwards remaining.

As a result of certain ownership changes, the Company may be subject to an annual limitation on the utilization of its U.S. net operating loss carryforwards pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. A study to determine the effect, if any, of this change, has not been undertaken.

Tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, and 2014 are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

A reconciliation of the Company’s income taxes to amounts calculated at the federal statutory rate is as follows for the years ended December 31:

	2018			2017
Federal statutory taxes		(21.00	)%		(34.00	)%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit		(4.35	)%		(3.63	)
Nondeductible items		0.00			0.00
Change in tax rate estimates		—			389.49
Change in valuation allowance		25.35	%		(351.86	)
		—	%		—	%

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Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Agreements

On May 18, 2018 we entered into a letter agreement with Mr. Edward S. Vittoria pursuant to which he agreed to be employed by us as our Chief Executive Officer for an initial term ending May 31, 2019, which such term may be extended by mutual agreement upon terms and conditions to be mutually agreed upon prior to the expiration of such initial term.  Under the terms of the letter agreement we agreed to pay him: (i) an annual base salary of $200,000, payable in accordance with our normal payroll practices; (ii) an annual cash bonus to be awarded by our Board of Directors in January in a minimum amount of $50,000; and (iii) granted him options to purchase 6,500,000 shares of our common stock, vesting one-third in arrears, at an exercise price equal to fair market value on the date of grant pursuant to the terms and conditions of our 2018 Equity Compensation Plan.  He is also entitled to: (i) participate in all of our benefit programs currently existing or hereafter made available to executive and/or salaried; (ii) an amount of annual paid vacation consistent with his position and length of service to us; and (iii) reimbursement for all reasonable, out of-pocket expenses incurred by him.

The Company entered into an exclusive distribution agreement for the worldwide rights to sell its product in the oil and gas industry effective September 7, 2017. The agreement included an incentive program that rewarded credits toward future product redeemable only if targeted quarterly goals are achieved. The incentive-earning period ended on June 30, 2018, and no incentives were earned. The exclusivity agreement continued at a minimum through the end of 2018. Refer to Note 10.

On September 27, 2012, the Company entered into a 72 month lease for its corporate offices and warehouse facility in Boynton Beach, Florida. The renewed lease commenced August 1, 2013 and requires an initial rent of $12,026 per month beginning in the second month for the first year, increasing in varying amounts to $13,941 per month in the sixth year. In addition, the Company is responsible for all operating expenses and utilities.

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a non-cancellable five-year lease for the same facilities commencing August 1, 2019 and expiring July 31, 2024. The lease will require an initial rent of $14,899 per month, beginning August 1, 2019 for the first year, increasing by 3% per year to $16,769 per month in the fifth year. In addition, the Company is responsible for all operating expenses and utilities. As part of the lease the landlord agreed to reimburse the Company $58,000 towards the replacement of air conditioning units, upon written request. As of December 31, 2018 the Company had received all of the reimbursement

On October 20, 2009, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Boxwood Associates, Inc., whereby the Company pays $2,000 monthly for management and strategic development services performed. The contract will remain in effect until terminated by either party providing 30 days written notice. Mr. Telesco, a former member of our board of directors and a significant stockholder, is President of Boxwood Associates, Inc. Refer to Note 16.

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Stock Options

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock Options

14. Stock Options

The Company has four stock option plans, one adopted in September 1999 and amended in June 2000 (the “1999 Option Plan”, which expired in 2009), one adopted on November 8, 2000 (the “Directors’ Plan”), one adopted in July 2010 (the “2010 Option Plan”), and one adopted in April 2018. The 1999 Option Plan provided for the granting of up to 3,000,000 options; the Directors’ Plan provides for the granting of up to 400,000 options; the 2010 Option Plan provides for the granting of 4,000,000 options, and the 2018 Option Plan provides for the granting of 10,000,000 options.

On April 12, 2018 the Board of Directors approved the adoption of a 2018 Equity Compensation Plan. The Company has reserved 10,000,000 shares of our common stock for grants under this plan.

The 2018 Plan provides for the granting of both incentive and non-qualified stock options to key personnel, including officers, directors, consultants and advisors to the Company, at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Each plan limits the exercise price of the options at no less than the quoted market price of the common stock on the date of grant. The option term is determined by the Board of the Directors, provided that no option may be exercisable more than 10 years after the date of its grant and, in the case of an incentive option granted to an eligible employee owning more than 10% of the Company’s common stock, no more than five years after the date of the grant. Generally, under both plans, options to employees vest over three years at 33.33% per annum unless the Board of Directors designates a different vesting schedule.

On June 24, 2014, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-8 with the Securities and Exchange Commission amending the shares of Common Stock included within its 2010 Stock Option from 2,000,000 shares to 4,000,000 shares.

The 2010 Plan provides for the granting of both incentive and non-qualified stock options to key personnel, including officers, directors, consultants and advisors to the Company, at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Each plan limits the exercise price of the options at no less than the quoted market price of the common stock on the date of grant. The option term is determined by the Board of the Directors, provided that no option may be exercisable more than 10 years after the date of its grant and, in the case of an Incentive Option granted to an eligible employee owning more than 10% of the Company’s common stock, no more than five years after the date of the grant. Generally, under both plans, options to employees vest over four years at 25% per annum, except for certain grants to employees that vest 25% upon grant with remaining amounts over two years at 50% and 25% per annum, respectively.

The Directors’ Plan provides for the granting of non-qualified options to members of the Board of Directors at exercise prices not less than the quoted market price of the common stock on the date of grant and options expire five years from the date of grant. In the event a person ceases to serve on the Board of Directors, the outstanding options expire one year from the date of cessation of service. Such options may be exercised commencing two years from the date of grant.

On April 12, 2018, the Company granted employees and directors options to purchase 4,475,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at exercise prices ranging from $0.0189 to $0.208 per share.  The options vest over a three-year period and expire April 12, 2028.   The fair value of the options totaled $69,989 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: i) risk free interest rate of 2.64%, ii) expected life of 5 years, iii) dividend yield of 0%, iv) expected volatility of 217%. On April 30, 2018 our Executive Chairman and former CEO voluntarily cancelled the grant on April 12, 2018 of options awarded him to purchase an aggregate of 1,400,000 shares of the common stock.

On May 18, 2018, the Company, upon recommendation and approval by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors, granted its new Chief Executive Officer, options to purchase 6,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.017 per share. The options vest over a three-year period and expire May 18, 2028. The fair value of the options totaled $101,437 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: i) risk free interest rate of 2.64%; ii) expected life of 5 years; iii) dividend yield of 0%; iv) expected volatility of 217%.

On August 24, 2018, the Company granted one director options to purchase 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.045 per share. The options vest over a two year period and expire August 25, 2023. The quoted market price of the common stock at the time of issuance of the options was $0.045 per share. The fair value of the options totaled $223 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: i) risk free interest rate of 2.70%, ii) expected life of 5 years, iii) dividend yield of 0%, iv) expected volatility of 188%.

At December 31, 2018 there was $128,059 of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based payments, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4 years. At December 31, 2017 there was $10,450 of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based payments, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4 years.

The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock for those awards that have an exercise price currently below the closing price. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had options outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 11,785,000 and 3,180,000 shares respectively, with an exercise price above the quoted price of the Company’s stock, resulting in an  intrinsic value $285 and $0, respectively.

Additional information concerning the activity in the four option plans is as follows:

	2018						2017
	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of year		3,180,000		$	0.20.			3,365,500		$	0.20
Granted		10,980,000			0.02			5,000			0.03
Exercised		—			—			—			—
Forfeited		(1,408,334	)		(0.02	)		(36,667	)		(0.14	)
Expired		(966,666	)		(0.10	)		(153,833	)		(0.22	)
Outstanding, end of year		11,785,000			0.05			3,180,000		$	0.20
Exercisable, end of year		2,190,000			0.19			2,909,160		$	0.20
Options available for future grant, end of year		2,463,336						1,245,500

Additional information concerning the unvested options is as follows:

	2018						2017
	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Non-Vested options at beginning of year		270,840		$	0.15			560,840		$	0.17
Granted		10,980,000			0.02			5,000			0.03
Vested		(247,506	)		(0.16	)		(258,333	)		(0.16	)
Forfeited		(1,408,334	)		(0.10	)		(36,667	)		(0.14	)
Cancelled		—			—			—			—
Non-Vested options end of year		9,595,000		$	0.02			270,840		$	0.15

Summarized information with respect to options outstanding under the four option plans at December 31, 2018 is as follows:

	Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Price	Number Outstanding	Remaining Average Contractual Life (In Years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Number Exercisable	Weighted Average Exercise Price
$0.017 -$.0280	11,785,000	8.30	$0.050	2,190,000	$0.192

The estimated fair value of each stock option grant on the date of grant was computed using the following weighted-average assumptions:

	December 31,
	2018		2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.64% - 2.70	%	1.54	%
Expected term (life) of options (in years)	5		5
Expected dividends	—		—
Expected volatility	188% - 217	%	210	%

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Warrants

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Warrants and Rights Note Disclosure [Abstract]

Warrants

15. Warrants

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, 773,336 and 990,162 shares, respectively, of common stock have been reserved for issuance under outstanding warrants. All of the warrants are fully vested and began expiring on March 24, 2013 with the remaining warrants expiring at various dates through October 1, 2019. Information concerning the Company’s warrant activity is as follows:

	2018						2017
	Warrants			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Warrants			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, at the beginning of year		990,162		$	0.20			1,315,340		$	0.24
Granted		—			—			—			—
Exercised		—			—			—			—
Expired		(216,826	)		(0.35	)		(325,178	)		(0.35	)
Outstanding, at the end of year		773,336		$	0.16			990,162		$	0.20

	Warrants Outstanding – December 31, 2018
Range of Exercise Price	Number Outstanding		Remaining Average Contractual Life (In Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price
$0.05 - $0.25		773,336		1.4	$	0.16
Totals		773,336		1.4	$	0.16

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Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

16. Related Party Transactions

Beginning on March 28, 2002, the Company executed a binding agreement with one of its principal stockholders, who is also the former Chief Executive Officer, now Executive Chairman of the Board, to fund up to $6.1 million. Under the terms of the agreements, the Company can draw amounts as needed to fund operations. Amounts drawn bear interest at the BBA LIBOR Daily Floating Rate plus 1.4 percentage points (3.88% and 3.62% per annum at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively), payable monthly and were to become due and payable on December 31, 2005 or upon a change in control of the Company or consummation of any other financing over $7.0 million. Beginning in March 2006, annually, through February 2012, the maturity date for the agreement was extended annually from December 31, 2007, to December 31, 2018. On May 9, 2018, our Executive Chairman extended the due date of the funding commitment to December 31, 2019 (Refer to Note 11).In March 2019, the Company entered into a note exchange agreement with him whereby he agreed to extend the due date of these obligations to December 31, 2021 and granted him a first position security interest in our assets. (Refer to Note 18.)

During the year ended December 31, 2018, we borrowed an additional $26,273 from our Executive Chairman, together with $325,000 under a demand note not covered by this line of credit. This demand note bears interest at 4% per annum. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 we owed him an aggregate of $8,314,622 and $7,988,349, respectively, which represented approximately 76% and 78% of our total liabilities, respectively. While he has continued to fund our working capital needs at reduced levels and extend the due date of the obligation for an additional year, he is under no contractual obligation to do so. During 2017 he advised us he does not expect to continue to provide working capital advances to us at historic amounts. If we are unable to meet our obligation to our Executive Chairman prior to maturity, he has advised us that he may forgive all, or substantially all, of this obligation.

From April 1, 2018 through May 15, 2018, the Company received additional loans in the amount of $250,000 from a related party to both the Company’s Executive Chairman and its Chief Executive Officer, as advances for working capital needs. The amounts are non-interest bearing and are payable upon demand. On July 15, 2018, $250,000 was repaid.

In November 2017, the Company received an additional loan in the amount of $25,000 from a stockholder and former member of the Board of Directors. The loan bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum and is due December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company recorded interest expense of $1,092. On November 16, 2018 the former member of the Board of Directors forgave the loan and the accrued interest amounting to $26,250 and recorded the amount as a capital contribution.

On April 12, 2018, the Company granted Officers and Directors options to purchase 2,050,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at exercise prices ranging from $0.0189 to $0.208 per share. The options vest over a three-year period and expire April 12, 2028.   The fair value of the options totaled $36,806 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: i) risk free interest rate of 2.64%; ii) expected life of 5 years; iii) dividend yield of 0%; iv) expected volatility of 217%. On April 30, 2018 our Executive Chairman and former CEO voluntarily cancelled the grant on April 12, 2018 of options awarded him to purchase an aggregate of 1,400,000 shares of the common stock.

On May 18, 2018, Mr. Edward S. Vittoria was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated and as a member of its Board of Directors. Immediately prior to such appointment, Mr. Joseph V. Vittoria resigned from his position as Chief Executive Officer and has been appointed Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors. Prior to his appointments, Mr. Edward Vittoria had been providing advisory services to us beginning in December 2017.

On May 18, 2018, the Company, upon recommendation and approval by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors, granted its new Chief Executive Officer options to purchase 6,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.017 per share. The options vest over a three-year period and expire May 18, 2028.

On August 24, 2018, the Company granted one director options to purchase 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.045 per share. The options vest over a two year period and expire August 25, 2023. The quoted market price of the common stock at the time of issuance of the options was $0.045 per share.

On October 20, 2009, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Boxwood Associates, Inc., whereby the Company pays $2,000 monthly for management and strategic development services performed. The contract remains in effect until terminated by either party providing 30 days written notice. During each of 2018 and 2017 we paid Boxwood Associates, Inc. $24,000 under this agreement. A former member of our board of directors is President of Boxwood Associates, Inc.

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Major Customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Major Customers

17. Major Customers

There are concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivables due to the amounts owed by one customer at December 31, 2018 whose balances each represented approximately 95%,of total accounts receivables. During the year ended December 31, 2018, sales from four customers represented 41%, 21%, 11% and 10% for a total of 83% of sales. During the year ended December 31, 2017, sales from three customers represented 36%, 16% and 12% for a total of 64% of sales. The loss of business from one or a combination of the Company’s significant customers, or an unexpected deterioration in their financial condition, could adversely affect the Company’s operations.

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Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

18. Subsequent Events

From January 1, 2019 through March 25, 2019, the Company received additional loans in the amount of $275,000 from the Company’s Executive Chairman, as advances for working capital needs. The loans bear interest at the BBA Libor Daily Floating Rate plus 1.4 points.

In January 7, 2019, the Company received an additional loan in the amount of $25,000 from a stockholder and former member of the Board of Directors. The loan bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum and is due January 7, 2020.

On January 15, 2019 the Company entered into a $140,000 working capital line of credit which allowance for the Company to repay it at up to 90 days at an interest rate varying from 2.25% - 3.0%. As of March 25, 2019, the Company has drawn down a total of $137,356.

On March 25, 2019 we entered into a note exchange agreement with our Executive Chairman pursuant to which he exchanged $7,989,622 of principal and $395,510 of accrued interest which was due on December 31, 2019 under an unsecured loan for a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $8,385,132. The note, which matures on December 31, 2021, bears interest at 4% per annum, payable monthly, and is secured by a first position security interest in our assets.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Organization

Organization

Puradyn Filter Technologies Incorporated (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, is engaged in the manufacturing, distribution and sale of bypass oil filtration systems under the trademark Puradyn^® primarily to companies within targeted industries. The Company holds the exclusive worldwide manufacturing and marketing rights for the Puradyn through direct ownership of various other patents.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from product sales to customers, distributors and resellers when products that do not require further services or installation by the Company are shipped, when there are no uncertainties surrounding customer acceptance and when collectability is reasonably assured. Cash received by the Company prior to shipment is recorded as deferred revenue. Sales are made to customers under terms allowing certain limited rights of return and other limited product and performance warranties for which provision has been made in the accompanying financial statements.

Amounts billed to customers in sales transactions related to shipping and handling, represent revenues earned for the goods provided and are included in net sales. Costs of shipping and handling are included in cost of products sold.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Topic 606 which was adopted at the beginning of fiscal year 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The Company did not recognize any cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption as the effect was immaterial. The adoption of these standards did not have a material impact on the Company's statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Included in those estimates are assumptions about allowances for inventory obsolescence, useful life of fixed assets, warranty reserves and bad-debt reserves, valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset, life of intangible assets, impairment of intangible assets and the assumptions used in Black-Scholes valuation models related to stock options and warrants.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any cash equivalents.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and notes payable to stockholder approximate their fair values as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, because of their short-term natures.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at fair value on the date revenue is recognized. The Company provides allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to repay their obligation. If the financial condition of the Company's customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to repay, additional allowances may be required. The Company provides for potential uncollectible accounts receivable based on specific customer identification and historical collection experience adjusted for existing market conditions. If market conditions decline, actual collection experience may not meet expectations and may result in decreased cash flows and increased bad debt expense. The policy for determining past due status is based on the contractual payment terms of each customer, which are generally net 30 or net 60 days. Once collection efforts by the Company and its collection agency are exhausted, the determination for charging off uncollectible receivables is made.

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first in, first out (FIFO) method. Net realizable value is defined as sales price less cost of completion, disposable and transportation and a normal profit margin. Production costs, consisting of labor and overhead, are applied to ending finished goods inventories at a rate based on estimated production capacity. Excess production costs are charged to cost of products sold. Provisions have been made to reduce excess or obsolete inventories to their net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, except for assets held under capital leases, for which the Company records depreciation and amortization based on the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the term of the lease. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment range from 3 to 5 years. Upon sale or retirement, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are eliminated from their respective accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations. Repairs and maintenance charges, which do not increase the useful lives of the assets, are charged to operations as incurred.

Patents

Patents

Patents are stated at cost. Amortization is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the patents. The estimated useful lives of patents are approximately 20 years. Upon retirement, the cost and related accumulated amortization are eliminated from their respective accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Management assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets when indicators of impairment are present. If such indicators are present, recoverability of these assets is determined by comparing the undiscounted net cash flows estimated to result from those assets over the remaining life to the assets’ net carrying amounts. If the estimated undiscounted net cash flows are less than the net carrying amount, the assets would be adjusted to their fair value, based on appraisal or the present value of the undiscounted net cash flows.

Sales Incentives and Consideration Paid to Customers

Sales Incentives and Consideration Paid to Customers

The Company accounts for certain promotional costs such as sales incentives and cooperative advertising as a reduction of sales.

Product Warranty Costs

Product Warranty Costs

As required by FASB ASC 460, Guarantees, the Company is including the following disclosure applicable to its product warranties.

The Company accrues for warranty costs based on the expected material and labor costs to provide warranty replacement products. The methodology used in determining the liability for warranty cost is based upon historical information and experience. The Company's warranty reserve is calculated as the gross sales multiplied by the historical warranty expense return rate.

The following table shows the changes in the aggregate product warranty liability for the year ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively:

	2018		2017
Balance as of beginning of year	$	20,000	$	20,000
Less: Payments made		—		—
Add: Provision for current years warranty		—		—
Balance as of end of year	$	20,000	$	20,000

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs

Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, advertising costs incurred by the Company totaled approximately $28,613 and $1,251, respectively, and are included in selling and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.

Engineering and Development

Engineering and Development

Engineering and development costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, engineering and development costs incurred by the Company totaled $5,866 and $6,981, respectively, and are included in selling and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

Stock Option Plans

Stock Option Plans

We adopted FASB ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, effective January 1, 2006 using the modified prospective application method of adoption which requires us to record compensation cost related to unvested stock awards as of December 31, 2005 by recognizing the amortized grant date fair value in accordance with provisions of FASB ASC 718 on straight line basis over the service periods of each award. We have estimated forfeiture rates based on our historical experience. Stock option compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 has been recognized as a component of cost of goods sold and general and administrative expenses in the accompanying financial statements.

In 2018 and 2017, respectively, 10,980,000 and 5,000 options were granted at fair market value on the date of grant pursuant to the Stock Option Plan.

The Company leases its employees from a payroll leasing company. The Company’s leased employees meet the definition of employees as specified by FIN 44 for purposes of applying FASB ASC 718.

Stock options and warrants issued to consultants and other non-employees as compensation for services provided to the Company are accounted for based on the fair value of the services provided or the estimated fair market value of the option or warrant, whichever is more reliably measurable in accordance with FASB ASC 505, Equity, and FASB ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, including related amendments and interpretations. The related expense is recognized over the period the services are provided.

Credit Risk

Credit Risk

The Company minimizes the concentration of credit risk associated with its cash by maintaining its cash with high quality federally insured financial institutions. However, cash balances in excess of the FDIC insured limit of $250,000 are at risk. At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, the Company did not have cash balances above the FDIC insured limit. The Company performs ongoing evaluations of its significant trade accounts receivable customers and generally does not require collateral. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained against trade accounts receivable at levels which management believes is sufficient to cover probable credit losses. The Company also has some customer concentrations, and the loss of business from one or a combination of these significant customers, or an unexpected deterioration in their financial condition, could adversely affect the Company’s operations.  Please refer to Note 18 for further details.

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

FASB ASC 260, Earnings per Share, requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. However, because of the Company’s net losses, the effects of stock options and warrants would be anti-dilutive and, accordingly, are excluded from the computation of earnings per share. The number of such shares excluded from the computations of diluted loss per share totaled 12,518,336 in 2018, and 4,170,162 in 2017.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which will amend current lease accounting to require lessees to recognize (i) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis, and (ii) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 does not significantly change lease accounting requirements applicable to lessors; however, certain changes were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model. This standard was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently reviewing the provisions of this ASU and finalizing the impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

The adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have a significant impact on our balance sheet as we will record material assets and obligations primarily related to our corporate office and equipment leases. We expect to record operating lease liabilities of approximately $960,000 based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments using discount rates as of the effective date. We expect to record corresponding right-of-use assets of approximately $890,000, based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepaid and deferred rent, unamortized initial direct costs, liabilities associated with lease termination costs and impairment of right-of-use assets recognized in retained earnings as of January 1, 2019. We do not expect a material impact on our statement of income or our statement of cash flows.

All other newly issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective have been deemed either immaterial or not applicable.

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Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Product Warrant Liability

The following table shows the changes in the aggregate product warranty liability for the year ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively:

	2018		2017
Balance as of beginning of year	$	20,000	$	20,000
Less: Payments made		—		—
Add: Provision for current years warranty		—		—
Balance as of end of year	$	20,000	$	20,000

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Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventories

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 inventories consisted of the following:

	2018			2017
Raw materials	$	1,053,147		$	901,600
Finished goods		257,623			125,932
Work in process		—			16,848
Valuation allowance		(476,062	)		(643,616	)
Total inventory, net	$	834,708		$	400,764

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

	2018		2017
Prepaid expenses	$	27,854	$	26,648
Deposits		38,436		42,707
	$	66,290	$	69,355

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, property and equipment consisted of the following:

	2018			2017
Machinery and equipment	$	1,030,196		$	1,045,217
Furniture and fixtures		56,558			56,558
Leasehold improvements		188,012			152,322
Software and website development		88,842			88,842
Computer hardware and software		179,258			153,249
		1,542,866			1,496,188
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(1,464,224	)		(1,450,861	)
	$	78,642		$	45,327

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Patents (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of capitalized patent costs included in other assets

Included in other noncurrent assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are capitalized patent costs as follows:

	2018		2017
Patent costs	$	533,496	$	558,873
Less accumulated amortization		(84,429)		(62,153	)
	$	449,067	$	496,720

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Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Commitments

Future minimum lease commitments due for facilities and equipment leases under non-cancellable operating leases at December 31, 2018 are as follows:

	Operating Leases
2019	$	179,255
2020		188,196
2021		193,627
2022		197,427
2023		197,807
2024		117,383
Total minimum lease payments	$	1,073,695

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Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities

At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accrued liabilities consisted of the following:

	2017		2017
Accrued wages and benefits	$	52,753	$	69,025
Accrued expenses relating to vendors and others		128,114		136,681
Accrued warranty costs		20,000		20,000
Accrued interest payable relating to stockholder notes		329,801		115,039
Deferred rent		74,689		22,059
	$	605,357	$	362,804

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Notes Payable to Stockholders and Capital Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Notes Payable and Capital Leases

Notes payable and capital leases consisted of the following at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

	2018			2017
Notes payable to stockholders	$	8,314,622		$	7,988,349
Capital lease obligation		—			3,443
		8,314,622			7,991,792
Less: current maturities		(325,000	)		(7,991,792	)
Long-term maturities	$	7,989,622		$	—

Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Obligations

The minimum annual principal payments of notes payable and operating leases obligations at December 31, 2018 were:

	Operating		Notes
	Leases		Payable		Total
2019	$	179,255	$	325,000	$	504,255
2020		188,196		—		188,196
2021		193,627		7,989,622		8,183,249
2022		197,427		—		197,427
2023		197,807		—		197,807
2024		117,383		—		117,383
Total	$	1,073,695	$	8,314,622	$	9,388,317

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets

The significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets are as follows for the years ended December 31:

	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	12,291,278		$	12,207,686
Accrued expenses and reserves		129,745			172,212
Compensatory stock options and warrants		179,275			165,946
Other		1,252			1,252
Total deferred tax assets		12,601,550			12,547,096
Valuation allowance		(12,601,550	)		(12,547,096	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	—		$	—

Schedule of Reconciliation of Income Taxes

A reconciliation of the Company’s income taxes to amounts calculated at the federal statutory rate is as follows for the years ended December 31:

	2018			2017
Federal statutory taxes		(21.00	)%		(34.00	)%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit		(4.35	)%		(3.63	)
Nondeductible items		0.00			0.00
Change in tax rate estimates		—			389.49
Change in valuation allowance		25.35	%		(351.86	)
		—	%		—	%

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Stock Options (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Options Activity

Additional information concerning the activity in the four option plans is as follows:

	2018						2017
	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of year		3,180,000		$	0.20.			3,365,500		$	0.20
Granted		10,980,000			0.02			5,000			0.03
Exercised		—			—			—			—
Forfeited		(1,408,334	)		(0.02	)		(36,667	)		(0.14	)
Expired		(966,666	)		(0.10	)		(153,833	)		(0.22	)
Outstanding, end of year		11,785,000			0.05			3,180,000		$	0.20
Exercisable, end of year		2,190,000			0.19			2,909,160		$	0.20
Options available for future grant, end of year		2,463,336						1,245,500

Schedule of Unvested Options Activity

Additional information concerning the unvested options is as follows:

	2018						2017
	Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Non-Vested options at beginning of year		270,840		$	0.15			560,840		$	0.17
Granted		10,980,000			0.02			5,000			0.03
Vested		(247,506	)		(0.16	)		(258,333	)		(0.16	)
Forfeited		(1,408,334	)		(0.10	)		(36,667	)		(0.14	)
Cancelled		—			—			—			—
Non-Vested options end of year		9,595,000		$	0.02			270,840		$	0.15

Summary of Options Outstanding by Price Range

Summarized information with respect to options outstanding under the four option plans at December 31, 2018 is as follows:

	Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Price	Number Outstanding	Remaining Average Contractual Life (In Years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Number Exercisable	Weighted Average Exercise Price
$0.017 -$.0280	11,785,000	8.30	$0.050	2,190,000	$0.192

Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions

The estimated fair value of each stock option grant on the date of grant was computed using the following weighted-average assumptions:

	December 31,
	2018		2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.64% - 2.70	%	1.54	%
Expected term (life) of options (in years)	5		5
Expected dividends	—		—
Expected volatility	188% - 217	%	210	%

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Warrants (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Warrants and Rights Note Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Warrants Activity

All of the warrants are fully vested and began expiring on March 24, 2013 with the remaining warrants expiring at various dates through October 1, 2019. Information concerning the Company’s warrant activity is as follows:

	2018						2017
	Warrants			Weighted Average Exercise Price			Warrants			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, at the beginning of year		990,162		$	0.20			1,315,340		$	0.24
Granted		—			—			—			—
Exercised		—			—			—			—
Expired		(216,826	)		(0.35	)		(325,178	)		(0.35	)
Outstanding, at the end of year		773,336		$	0.16			990,162		$	0.20

Summary of Warrants Outstanding by Price Range

	Warrants Outstanding – December 31, 2018
Range of Exercise Price	Number Outstanding		Remaining Average Contractual Life (In Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price
$0.05 - $0.25		773,336		1.4	$	0.16
Totals		773,336		1.4	$	0.16

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Significant Accounting Policies (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash equivalents
Estimated useful lives of patents	20 years
Advertising costs	$ 28,613	1,251
Engineering and development costs	$ 5,866	$ 6,981
Options granted	10,980,000	5,000
FDIC insured limit	$ 250,000
Shares excluded from computation loss per share	12,518,336	4,170,162
Operating lease liabilities	$ 960,000
Corresponding right-of-use assets	$ 890,000
Minimum [Member]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	5 years

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Significant Accounting Policies (Schedule of Product Warrant Liability) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Balance as of beginning of year	$ 20,000	$ 20,000
Less: Payments made
Add: Provision for current years warranty
Balance as of end of year	$ 20,000	$ 20,000

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 1,053,147	$ 901,600
Finished goods	257,623	125,932
Work in process		16,848
Valuation allowance	(476,062)	(643,616)
Total Inventory, net	$ 834,708	$ 400,764

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]
Prepaid expenses	$ 27,854	$ 26,648
Deposits	38,436	42,707
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 66,290	$ 69,355

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Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,542,866	$ 1,496,188
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(1,464,224)	(1,450,861)
Property and equipment, net	78,642	45,327
Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment	24,628	19,775
Loss/(gain) on sale of fixed assets	1,244	(2,248)
Cost of products sold [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment	5,841	4,529
Selling and administrative costs [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment	18,787	15,246
Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,030,196	1,045,217
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	56,558	56,558
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	188,012	152,322
Software and website development [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	88,842	88,842
Computer hardware and software [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 179,258	$ 153,249

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Patents (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Patent costs	$ 533,496	$ 558,873
Less accumulated amortization	(84,429)	(62,153)
Patent costs, less accumulated amortization	449,067	496,720
Amortization expense	23,319	14,598
Loss on impairment of patents	$ 105,665

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Leases (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended		9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 29, 2018	Sep. 27, 2012	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Aggregate total minimum lease payments				$ 1,073,695
Annual increase percentage	3.00%
Rent expenses	$ 14,899			278,578	$ 278,880
Lease expiration date	Jul. 31, 2024
Capital leased assets - office equipment, gross				15,020
Capital lease obligations				0	3,443
Maturity term of lease	5 years
Lease reimburse amount that is agreed by landlord	$ 58,000
Rent expense in fifth year	$ 16,769			197,807
Cost of products sold [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Rent expenses				221,113	212,454
Selling and administrative costs [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Rent expenses				57,465	$ 66,346
New Capital Lease [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Capital leased assets - office equipment, gross			$ 599
Maturity term of lease			48 months
Office and Warehouse Facilities, Boynton Beach, Florida [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Security deposit outstanding				$ 34,970
Aggregate total minimum lease payments		$ 180,826
Lease expiration date		Jul. 31, 2019		Jul. 31, 2019
Maturity term of lease				6 years

XML

Leases (Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Commitments) (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 29, 2018
Operating Leases
2019	$ 179,255
2020	188,196
2021	193,627
2022	197,427
2023	197,807	$ 16,769
2024	117,383
Total minimum lease payments	$ 1,073,695

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Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]
Accrued wages and benefits	$ 52,753	$ 69,025
Accrued expenses relating to vendors and others	128,114	136,681
Accrued warranty costs	20,000	20,000
Accrued interest payable relating to stockholder notes	329,801	115,039
Deferred rent	74,689	22,059
Accrued liabilities	$ 605,357	$ 362,804

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Deferred Compensation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]
Number of employees for salary | item	2
Deferred compensation | $	$ 1,564,253	$ 1,626,003

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Notes Payable to Stockholders and Capital Leases (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Jul. 15, 2018	May 09, 2018	May 15, 2018	Mar. 28, 2002	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2012	Nov. 16, 2018	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 17, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from related party loan						$ 601,273	$ 875,000
Maturity date						Dec. 31, 2019
Interest expense						$ 324,087	271,311
Interest expense related to capital lease obligations						3,365	2,205
Repayments of related party loan						250,000	50,000
Notes Payable - stockholders, current	$ 325,000					$ 325,000	$ 7,988,349
Former Board of Directors [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount of debt instrument										$ 25,000
Interest rate on outstanding term loan										5.00%
Accrued interest									$ 26,250
Executive Chairman and CEO [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds from related party loan				$ 250,000
Repayments of related party loan		$ 250,000
Note Payable to Chairman of Board [Member] | Executive Chairman [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount of debt instrument					$ 6,100,000
Percent in addition to BBA LIBOR					1.40%
Interest rate on outstanding term loan	3.88%					3.88%	3.62%
Maturity date			Dec. 31, 2019		Dec. 31, 2005			Dec. 31, 2017
Maximum amount of additional financing the company may obtain that will affect the repayment provisions of the debt instrument					$ 7,000,000
Percentage of total liabilities	76.00%					76.00%	78.00%
Proceeds from stockholder loan						$ 26,273
Notes Payable - stockholders, current	$ 8,314,622					$ 8,314,622	$ 7,988,349
Note Payable to Chairman of Board [Member] | Executive Chairman [Member] | Demand note [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate on outstanding term loan	4.00%					4.00%
Proceeds from stockholder loan						$ 325,000
Unsecured Loans Outstanding From Director [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maturity date	Dec. 31, 2018
Interest expense						1,092
Loan Payable [Member] | Former Board of Directors [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount of debt instrument											$ 25,000
Interest expense						$ 1,092
Accrued interest									$ 26,250

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Notes Payable to Stockholders and Capital Leases (Schedule of Notes Payable and Capital Leases) (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Notes payable to stockholders	$ 8,314,622	$ 7,988,349
Capital lease obligation		3,443
Total obligations	8,314,622	7,991,792
Less: current maturities	(325,000)	(7,991,792)
Long-term maturities	$ 7,989,622

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Notes Payable to Stockholders and Capital Leases (Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Obligations) (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
2018	$ 504,255
2020	188,196
2021	8,183,249
2022	197,427
2023	197,807
2024	117,383
Total obligations	9,388,317
Operating Leases [Member]
2018	179,255
2020	188,196
2021	193,627
2022	197,427
2023	197,807
2024	117,383
Total obligations	1,073,695
Notes Payable [Member]
2018	325,000
2020
2021	7,989,622
2022
2023
2024
Total obligations	$ 8,314,622

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Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Taxes [Abstract]
New Federal corporate tax rate for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018	21.00%
Valuation allowance	$ 12,601,550	$ 12,547,096
Change in valuation allowance	54,454	4,322,819
Domestic [Member]
Income Taxes [Abstract]
U.S. net operating loss carryforwards	$ 48,495,866	$ 48,166,052
Minimum [Member] | Domestic [Member]
Income Taxes [Abstract]
U.S. net operating loss carryforwards expiration dates	Dec. 31, 2017

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Income Taxes (Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets) (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 12,291,278	$ 12,207,686
Accrued expenses and reserves	129,745	172,212
Compensatory stock options and warrants	179,275	165,946
Other	1,252	1,252
Total deferred tax assets	12,601,550	12,547,096
Valuation allowance	(12,601,550)	(12,547,096)
Net deferred tax assets

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Income Taxes (Schedule of Reconciliation of Income Taxes) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal statutory taxes	(21.00%)	(34.00%)
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	(4.35%)	(3.63%)
Nondeductible items	(0.00%)	(0.00%)
Change in tax rate estimates		389.49%
Change in valuation allowance	25.35%	(351.86%)
Income tax rate	0.00%	0.00%

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 20, 2009	Jun. 29, 2018	May 18, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 27, 2012
Purchase Commitment, Excluding Long-term Commitment [Line Items]
Lease term						72 months
Initial monthly rent paid						$ 12,026
Increase in monthly rent						$ 13,941
Options granted				10,980,000	5,000
Annual increase percentage		3.00%
Rent expenses		$ 14,899		$ 278,578	$ 278,880
Lease expiration date		Jul. 31, 2024
Maturity term of lease		5 years
Lease reimburse amount that is agreed by landlord		$ 58,000
Rent expense in fifth year		$ 16,769		$ 197,807
Consulting Agreement with Boxwood Associates, Inc. [Member]
Purchase Commitment, Excluding Long-term Commitment [Line Items]
Monthly fee under agreement	$ 2,000
Notice period to terminate the agreement	30 days
Letter agreement with Mr. Edward S. Vittoria [Member] | Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Purchase Commitment, Excluding Long-term Commitment [Line Items]
Annual base salary			$ 200,000
Options granted			6,500,000
Cash portion of payment			$ 50,000

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Stock Options (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 24, 2018	Apr. 12, 2018	May 18, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jun. 24, 2014	Jun. 23, 2014	Jul. 31, 2010	Nov. 08, 2000	Sep. 30, 1999
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options expiration term		5 years		10 years
Maximum percentage of voting power				10.00%
Vesting period		3 years
Vesting percentage		33.33%
Unrecognized compensation cost				$ 128,059	$ 10,450
Unrecognized compensation cost, recognition period				4 years	4 years
Options granted				10,980,000	5,000
Options granted, weighted average exercise price				$ 0.02	$ 0.03
Risk free interest rate					1.54%
Expected life				5 years	5 years
Dividend yield
Expected volatility					210.00%
Options outstanding				11,785,000	3,180,000	3,365,500
Common stock reserved for future issuance		10,000,000
Exercisable period		10 years
Percentage of common stock own by employee		10.00%
Grants period		5 years		10 years
Options cancelled				1,408,334	36,667
Intrinsic value				$ 285	$ 0
Director [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	2 years
Expiration date	Aug. 25, 2023
Options granted	5,000
Options granted, weighted average exercise price	$ 0.045
Quoted market price per share	$ 0.045
Fair value of options granted	$ 223
Risk free interest rate	2.70%
Expected life	5 years
Dividend yield	0.00%
Expected volatility	188.00%
Employees and directors [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		3 years
Expiration date		Apr. 12, 2028
Options granted		4,475,000
Risk free interest rate		2.64%
Expected life		5 years
Dividend yield		0.00%
Expected volatility		217.00%
Fair value of the options		$ 69,989
Options cancelled		1,400,000
New Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period			3 years
Expiration date			May 18, 2028
Options granted			6,500,000
Risk free interest rate			2.64%
Expected life			5 years
Dividend yield			0.00%
Expected volatility			217.00%
Fair value of the options			$ 101,437
Exercise price			$ 0.017
1999 Option Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized											3,000,000
Directors' Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized										400,000
2010 Option Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized				10,000,000			4,000,000	2,000,000	4,000,000
Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				25.00%
Minimum [Member] | Employees and directors [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise price		$ 0.0189
Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				50.00%
Maximum [Member] | Employees and directors [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise price		$ 0.208

XML

Stock Options (Summary of Stock Options Activity) (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Options
Outstanding, beginning of year	3,180,000	3,365,500
Granted	10,980,000	5,000
Exercised
Forfeited	(1,408,334)	(36,667)
Expired	(966,666)	(153,833)
Outstanding, end of year	11,785,000	3,180,000
Exercisable, end of year	2,190,000	2,909,160
Options available for future grant, end of year	2,463,336	1,245,500
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning of year	$ 0.20	$ 0.20
Granted	0.02	0.03
Exercised
Forfeited	(0.02)	(0.14)
Expired	(0.10)	(0.22)
Outstanding, end of year	0.05	0.20
Exercisable, end of year	$ 0.19	$ 0.20

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Stock Options (Schedule of Unvested Options Activity) (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Unvested stock option activity, shares:
Non-Vested options at beginning of year	270,840	560,840
Granted	10,980,000	5,000
Vested	(247,506)	(258,333)
Forfeited	(1,408,334)	(36,667)
Cancelled
Non-Vested options end of year	9,595,000	270,840
Unvested stock option activity, weighted average exercise price:
Non-Vested options at beginning of year	$ 0.15	$ 0.17
Granted	0.02	0.03
Vested	(0.16)	(0.16)
Forfeited	(0.10)	(0.14)
Cancelled
Non-Vested options end of year	$ 0.02	$ 0.15

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Stock Options (Summary of Options Outstanding by Price Range) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Range of Exercise Price, lower limit	$ 0.017
Range of Exercise Price, upper limit	$ .0280
Number Outstanding | shares	11,785,000
Remaining Average Contractual Life	8 years 3 months 19 days
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding	$ 0.050
Number Exercisable | shares	2,190,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercisable	$ 0.192

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Stock Options (Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate		1.54%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum	2.64%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum	2.70%
Expected term (life) of options (in years)	5 years	5 years
Expected dividends
Expected volatility		210.00%
Expected volatility, minimum	1.88%
Expected volatility, maximum	217.00%

XML

Warrants (Narrative) (Details) - shares	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Warrants [Abstract]
Warrants reserved for issuance	773,336	990,162

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Warrants (Summary of Warrants Activity) (Details) - Warrant [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Warrant activity, number of shares:
Outstanding, at the beginning of year	990,162	1,315,340
Granted
Exercised
Expired	(216,826)	(325,178)
Outstanding, at the end of year	773,336	990,162
Warrant activity, weighted average exercise price:
Outstanding, at the beginning of year	$ 0.20	$ 0.24
Granted
Exercised
Expired	(0.35)	(0.35)
Outstanding, at the end of year	$ 0.16	$ 0.20

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Warrants (Summary of Warrants Outstanding by Price Range) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares
Share Based Compensation Shares Authorized Under Equity Instruments Other Than Options Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Number outstanding | shares	773,336
Remaining Average Contractual Life	1 year 4 months 24 days
Weighted average exercise price, outstanding	$ 0.16
$0.05 - $0.25 [Member]
Share Based Compensation Shares Authorized Under Equity Instruments Other Than Options Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price, lower limit	0.05
Range of exercise price, upper limit	$ 0.25
Number outstanding | shares	773,336
Remaining Average Contractual Life	1 year 4 months 24 days
Weighted average exercise price, outstanding	$ 0.16

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)								1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Aug. 24, 2018	Jul. 15, 2018	May 09, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018	Apr. 12, 2018	Apr. 12, 2018	Oct. 20, 2009	May 18, 2018	May 15, 2018	Mar. 28, 2002	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2012	Nov. 16, 2018	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 17, 2017
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Maturity date											Dec. 31, 2019
Notes Payable - stockholders, current											$ 325,000	$ 7,988,349
Notes Payable - stockholders, noncurrent											7,989,622
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to stockholders											601,273	875,000
Repayments of related party loan											250,000	50,000
Interest expense											$ 324,087	$ 271,311
Options granted											10,980,000	5,000
Vesting period					3 years
Risk free interest rate												1.54%
Expected life											5 years	5 years
Dividend yield
Expected volatility												210.00%
Options cancelled											1,408,334	36,667
Consulting Agreement with Boxwood Associates, Inc. [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Monthly fee under agreement							$ 2,000
Notice period to terminate the agreement							30 days
Amount paid to related party											$ 24,000	$ 24,000
Director [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Options granted	5,000
Vesting period	2 years
Expiration date	Aug. 25, 2023
Exercise price	$ 0.045
New Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Options granted								6,500,000
Vesting period								3 years
Expiration date								May 18, 2028
Exercise price								$ 0.017
Fair value of the options								$ 101,437
Risk free interest rate								2.64%
Expected life								5 years
Dividend yield								0.00%
Expected volatility								217.00%
Executive Chairman [Member] | Note Payable to Chairman of Board [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Face amount of debt instrument										$ 6,100,000
Interest rate on outstanding term loan											3.88%	3.62%
Maturity date			Dec. 31, 2019							Dec. 31, 2005			Dec. 31, 2017
Maximum amount of additional financing the company may obtain that will affect the repayment provisions of the debt instrument										$ 7,000,000
Notes Payable - stockholders, current											$ 8,314,622	$ 7,988,349
Percent in addition to BBA LIBOR										1.40%
Proceeds from stockholder loan											$ 26,273
Percentage of total liabilities											76.00%	78.00%
Executive Chairman [Member] | Note Payable to Chairman of Board [Member] | Demand note [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Interest rate on outstanding term loan											4.00%
Proceeds from stockholder loan											$ 325,000
Executive Chairman and CEO [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to stockholders									$ 250,000
Repayments of related party loan		$ 250,000
Former Board of Directors [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Face amount of debt instrument															$ 25,000
Interest rate on outstanding term loan															5.00%
Accrued interest														$ 26,250
Options cancelled				1,400,000
Former Board of Directors [Member] | Loan Payable [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Face amount of debt instrument																$ 25,000
Accrued interest														$ 26,250
Interest expense											$ 1,092
Officers and Directors [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Options granted						2,050,000
Vesting period						3 years
Expiration date						Apr. 12, 2028
Fair value of the options						$ 36,806
Risk free interest rate						2.64%
Expected life						5 years
Dividend yield						0.00%
Expected volatility						217.00%
Officers and Directors [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Exercise price					$ 0.0189	$ 0.0189
Officers and Directors [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Exercise price					$ 0.208	$ 0.208

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Major Customers (Details) - item	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounts Receivable [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	95.00%
Number of customers representing concentration risk percentage	1
Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer One [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	95.00%
Sales [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	83.00%	64.00%
Number of customers representing concentration risk percentage	4	3
Sales [Member] | Customer One [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	41.00%	36.00%
Sales [Member] | Customer Two [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	21.00%	16.00%
Sales [Member] | Customer Three [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	11.00%	12.00%
Sales [Member] | Customer Four[Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%

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Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 07, 2019	Mar. 25, 2019	Mar. 25, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Jan. 15, 2019	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 17, 2017
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of related party debt				$ 601,273	$ 875,000
Maturity date				Dec. 31, 2019
Former Board of Directors [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Principal amount							$ 25,000
Interest rate							5.00%
Former Board of Directors [Member] | Loan Payable [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Principal amount								$ 25,000
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Line of credit						$ 1,400,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Interest rate						2.25%
Subsequent Event [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Interest rate						3.00%
Subsequent Event [Member] | Executive Chairman [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of related party debt			$ 275,000
Percent in addition to BBA LIBOR			0.14%
Principal amount		$ 7,989,622	$ 7,989,622
Interest rate		4.00%	4.00%
Maturity date		Dec. 31, 2020
Amount of drawn down		$ 137,356	$ 137,356
Subsequent Event [Member] | Executive Chairman [Member] | Promissory Note [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Principal amount		8,385,132	$ 8,385,132
Accrued interest		$ 395,510
Subsequent Event [Member] | Former Board of Directors [Member] | Loan Payable [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of related party debt	$ 25,000
Maturity date	Jan. 07, 2020
Subsequent Event [Member] | Former Board of Directors [Member] | Loan Payable [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Interest rate	5.00%