Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences in the recognition of income and expense for financial and income tax reporting purposes, and differences between the fair value of assets acquired in business combinations accounted for as purchases for financial reporting purposes and their corresponding tax bases. Deferred income taxes represent future tax benefits or costs to be recognized when those temporary differences reverse. The categories of assets and liabilities that have resulted in differences in the timing of the recognition of income and expense at December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 were as follows:


	Fiscal Year
(In millions)	2023		2022
Deferred income tax assets
Net operating loss tax carryovers	$	133.0	$	184.1
Pensions	2.2		51.7
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	48.5		51.5
Tax credits	43.5		42.0
Research and development	20.7		7.4
Inventory valuation	1.1		—
Other items	107.5		95.6
Gross deferred income tax assets	356.5		432.3
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	(60.3)		(266.9)
Total deferred income tax assets	296.2		165.4
Deferred income tax liabilities
Basis of property, plant and equipment	124.8		122.2
Inventory valuation	—		17.1
Basis of amortizable intangible assets	14.9		16.4
Other items	25.5		23.0
Total deferred tax liabilities	165.2		178.7
Net deferred tax asset (liability)	$	131.0	$	(13.3)

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