Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in millions):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Cost of sales	$	146	$	165
Fulfillment	498		603
Technology and content	1,645		2,574
Sales and marketing	665		993
General and administrative	296		413
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,250	$	4,748

The following table summarizes our restricted stock unit activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in millions):


	Number of Units	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	384.4	$	144
Units granted	13.4	99
Units vested	(15.6)	120
Units forfeited	(15.5)	144
Outstanding as of March 31, 2023	366.7	144

Scheduled vesting for outstanding restricted stock units as of March 31, 2023, is as follows (in millions):


	Nine Months Ended December 31,	Year Ended December 31,
	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	Thereafter	Total
Scheduled vesting — restricted stock units	124.5	133.6	67.0	37.2	2.5	1.9	366.7

The following table shows changes in stockholders’ equity (in millions):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2023
Total beginning stockholders’ equity	$	138,245	$	146,043

Beginning common stock	106		108
Stock-based compensation and issuance of employee benefit plan stock	1		—
Ending common stock	107		108

Beginning treasury stock	(1,837)		(7,837)
Common stock repurchased	(2,666)		—
Ending treasury stock	(4,503)		(7,837)

Beginning additional paid-in capital	55,437		75,066
Stock-based compensation and issuance of employee benefit plan stock	3,254		4,797
Ending additional paid-in capital	58,691		79,863

Beginning accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,376)		(4,487)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(989)		514
Ending accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(2,365)		(3,973)

Beginning retained earnings	85,915		83,193

Net income (loss)	(3,844)		3,172
Ending retained earnings	82,071		86,365

Total ending stockholders’ equity	$	134,001	$	154,526