Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in millions):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2021		2022
Cost of sales	$	283	$	540	$	757
Fulfillment	1,357		1,946		2,745
Technology and content	5,061		6,645		10,621
Sales and marketing	1,710		2,530		3,875
General and administrative	797		1,096		1,623
Total stock-based compensation expense (1)	$	9,208	$	12,757	$	19,621

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(1)The related tax benefits were $1.9 billion, $2.7 billion, and $4.3 billion for 2020, 2021, and 2022.

Summary of Restricted Stock Unit Activity

The following table summarizes our restricted stock unit activity (in millions):

	Number of Units	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2020	286.7	$	73
Units granted	158.6	119
Units vested	(115.5)	62
Units forfeited	(26.5)	82
Outstanding as of December 31, 2020	303.3	100
Units granted	127.3	167
Units vested	(108.4)	85
Units forfeited	(42.3)	116
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021	279.9	134
Units granted	262.8	142
Units vested	(113.3)	114
Units forfeited	(45.0)	143
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	384.4	144

Scheduled Vesting of Outstanding Restricted Stock Units

Scheduled vesting for outstanding restricted stock units as of December 31, 2022, is as follows (in millions):

	Year Ended
	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	Thereafter	Total
Scheduled vesting — restricted stock units	140.8	136.6	67.3	35.8	1.7	2.2	384.4