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Stockholders' Equity
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Stock Repurchase Activity
In March 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $10.0 billion of our common stock, with no fixed expiration, which replaced the previous $5.0 billion stock repurchase authorization, approved by the Board of Directors in February 2016. We repurchased 46.2 million shares of our common stock for $6.0 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 under these programs. As of September 30, 2022, we have $6.1 billion remaining under the repurchase program.
Stock Award Activity
Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying outstanding stock awards totaled 10.5 billion and 10.6 billion as of December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2022. These totals include all vested and unvested stock awards outstanding, including those awards we estimate will be forfeited. Stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021202220212022
Cost of sales$126 $190 $361 $549 
Fulfillment473 727 1,381 1,988 
Technology and content1,627 3,036 4,742 7,495 
Sales and marketing657 1,128 1,804 2,783 
General and administrative297 475 789 1,200 
Total stock-based compensation expense$3,180 $5,556 $9,077 $14,015 
The following table summarizes our restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in millions):
Number of UnitsWeighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021279.9 $134 
Units granted224.1 150 
Units vested(69.1)109 
Units forfeited(35.6)143 
Outstanding as of September 30, 2022399.3 147 
Scheduled vesting for outstanding restricted stock units as of September 30, 2022, is as follows (in millions):
 Three Months Ended December 31,Year Ended December 31,  
 20222023202420252026ThereafterTotal
Scheduled vesting — restricted stock units44.0 137.2 133.0 56.5 24.7 3.9 399.3 
As of September 30, 2022, there was $26.9 billion of net unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation arrangements. This compensation is recognized on an accelerated basis with more than half of the compensation expected to be expensed in the next twelve months, and has a remaining weighted-average recognition period of 1.1 years. The
estimated forfeiture rate as of December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2022 was 27% and 26%. Changes in our estimates and assumptions relating to forfeitures may cause us to realize material changes in stock-based compensation expense in the future.
Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
The following table shows changes in stockholders’ equity (in millions):
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2021202220212022
Total beginning stockholders’ equity$114,803 $131,402 $93,404 $138,245 
Beginning common stock106 107 105 106 
Stock-based compensation and issuance of employee benefit plan stock— — 1 1 
Ending common stock106 107 106 107 
Beginning treasury stock(1,837)(7,837)(1,837)(1,837)
Common stock repurchased— — — (6,000)
Ending treasury stock(1,837)(7,837)(1,837)(7,837)
Beginning additional paid-in capital48,623 63,871 42,765 55,437 
Stock-based compensation and issuance of employee benefit plan stock3,155 5,548 9,013 13,982 
Ending additional paid-in capital51,778 69,419 51,778 69,419 
Beginning accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(525)(4,782)(180)(1,376)
Other comprehensive income (loss)(550)(2,333)(895)(5,739)
Ending accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(1,075)(7,115)(1,075)(7,115)
Beginning retained earnings68,436 80,043 52,551 85,915 
Net income (loss)3,156 2,872 19,041 (3,000)
Ending retained earnings71,592 82,915 71,592 82,915 
Total ending stockholders’ equity$120,564 $137,489 $120,564 $137,489