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Financial Instruments
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Marketable Securities
As of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2022, our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities primarily consisted of cash, AAA-rated money market funds, U.S. and foreign government and agency securities, other investment grade securities, and marketable equity securities. Cash equivalents and marketable securities are recorded at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:
Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment.
We measure the fair value of money market funds and certain marketable equity securities based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Other marketable securities were valued either based on recent trades of securities in inactive markets or based on quoted market prices of similar instruments and other significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. We did not hold significant amounts of marketable securities categorized as Level 3 assets as of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2022.
The following table summarizes, by major security type, our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in millions):
 December 31, 2021June 30, 2022
  
Total
Estimated
Fair Value		Cost or
Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Total
Estimated
Fair Value
Cash$10,942 $9,825 $— $— $9,825 
Level 1 securities:
Money market funds20,312 18,816 — — 18,816 
Equity securities (1)(3)1,646 4,946 
Level 2 securities:
Foreign government and agency securities181 50 — (1)49 
U.S. government and agency securities4,300 2,344 — (122)2,222 
Corporate debt securities35,764 21,756 — (673)21,083 
Asset-backed securities6,738 3,736 — (164)3,572 
Other fixed income securities686 407 — (18)389 
Equity securities (1)(3)15,740 30 
$96,309 $56,934 $— $(978)$60,932 
Less: Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (2)(260)(222)
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities$96,049 $60,710 
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(1)The related unrealized gain (loss) recorded in “Other income (expense), net” was $119 million and $(4.2) billion in Q2 2021 and Q2 2022, and $122 million and $(12.3) billion for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2022.
(2)We are required to pledge or otherwise restrict a portion of our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable fixed income securities primarily as collateral for real estate, amounts due to third-party sellers in certain jurisdictions, debt, and standby and trade letters of credit. We classify cash, cash equivalents, and marketable fixed income securities with use restrictions of less than twelve months as “Accounts receivable, net and other” and of twelve months or longer as non-current “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. See “Note 4 — Commitments and Contingencies.”
(3)Our equity investment in Rivian had a fair value of $15.6 billion and $4.1 billion as of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2022, respectively. The investment was subject to regulatory sales restrictions resulting in a discount for lack of marketability of approximately $800 million as of December 31, 2021, which expired in Q1 2022.
The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of our cash equivalents and marketable fixed income securities as of June 30, 2022 (in millions):
Amortized
Cost		Estimated
Fair Value
Due within one year$29,370 $29,344 
Due after one year through five years14,776 13,967 
Due after five years through ten years796 760 
Due after ten years2,167 2,060 
Total$47,109 $46,131 
Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have certain prepayment conditions.
Equity Warrants and Non-Marketable Equity Investments
We hold equity warrants giving us the right to acquire stock of other companies. As of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2022, these warrants had a fair value of $3.4 billion and $2.4 billion, and are recorded within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets with gains and losses recognized in “Other income (expense), net” on our consolidated statements of operations. These warrants are primarily classified as Level 2 assets.
As of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2022, equity investments not accounted for under the equity-method and without readily determinable fair values had a carrying value of $603 million and $768 million, and are recorded within “Other assets”
on our consolidated balance sheets with adjustments recognized in “Other income (expense), net” on our consolidated statements of operations.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Reconciliation
The following table provides a reconciliation of the amount of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions):
December 31, 2021June 30, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents$36,220 $37,478 
Restricted cash included in accounts receivable, net and other242 207 
Restricted cash included in other assets15 15 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows$36,477 $37,700